Bio-LNG :a clean and cool biofuel for ships Bio-LNG London.pdf · Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel for ships. Lloyd’s maritime academy London: 12th of November 2008. What is bio-LNG?

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Bio-LNG :a clean and cool biofuel for ships

Lloyd’s maritime academy London: 12th of November 2008

Content of this Presentation• What is bio-LNG?• How do you make LNG and bio-LNG? • Emissions• Biogas production• Upgrading to bio-methane• How much bio-methane can we produce?• Small scale liquefaction of bio-methane• Costs of the process• LNG as a transport fuel : cases and pilots – Why not using bio-LNG?• Benefits: not only reducing the emissions• Examples of LNG use (in the shipping sector) • Are there differences in use of bio-LNG instead of LNG?• Projects and pilots• Are you interested?

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Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel for ships


What is bio-LNG?

Bio-LNG has the same chemical formula as liquefied natural gas (LNG). It is almost 100% of CH4; it is also called liquefied bio-methane: LBM

The differences between fossil LNG and bio-LNG

Bio-LNG is a 100% renewable bio fuel, LNG is a fossil fuelThe production process of Bio-LNG is cleaner than that of LNGBio-LNG can be made from biogas at any spot where anaerobic digestion is possible

The difference between bio-LNG and other biofuels

Bio-LNG can be produced without competition with the food chainBio-LNG does not need blending in fossil fuels

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Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel for ships


An obvious difference between bio-LNG and most other fuels

The convenient truth is that:“There is no need for any interference in the bio-LNG chainof one of the oil companies”

Any farmer, village and city can make their own clean and cool liquid transportation fuel which bio-LNG is, by simply digesting its waste, with help of dedicated partners (sufficient volume) to create and optimize the chain from production to (end) users.

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Bio-LNG:a clean and cool biofuel for ships


How to make LNG:

Cleaning of heavy gassesNitrogen, water,Carbon dioxide Liquefaction

How to make bio-LNG:

Upgrading of biogasLiquefactionNo ethane, propane, N2 etc

Source: http://www.enerdynamics.com/clientassets/LNGsection3.pdf

Source: http://www.enerdynamics.com/clientassets/LNGsection3.pdf(modified by HIT)

http://www.enerdynamics.com/clientassets/LNGsection3.pdf

http://www.enerdynamics.com/clientassets/LNGsection3.pdf

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Bio-LNG : a clean and cool biofuel


Comparison of emissions of bio-methane (= bio-LNG) with other biofuels, LPG and CNG

Source: www.fuelswitch.nl and Holland Innovation Team

http://www.fuelswitch.nl/

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Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel


Comparison of emissions between Marine Diesel and LNG

Source: www.energieprojecten.nl/pr_lngfjorden.html

http://www.energieprojecten.nl/pr_lngfjorden.html

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How can we produce the first step in the process: biogas?

Start with anaerobic fermentation, i.e. fermentation with a lack of oxygen and produce biogas

Biogas is 55-65% CH4 ; 35%-45% CO2 ; some H2S and other gasses

Biogas is nothing more than young swamp gas or extra young natural gas

Biogas can be produced from a large variety of streams:

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Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel!


Biogas production is possible:

1) From sewage sludge2) From bio fuels waste3) From household and food waste4) From agricultural streams5) From manure6) From landfills 7) From wood/paper industry

all without competition with food8) From crops (if prices are low)

Source: Dr. Steve Hutcheson, PhD (pdf)

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Bio-LNG: a cool biofuel


Of course biogas can be made from crops; biogas yield per ha is much higher than the other biofuels in that case

Conversion of crops to biogas is 70% instead of 40% in case of bio-ethanolLow energy input needed in the process

Source: http://www.biopact.com/2007/12/biomethane-presented-as-most-efficient.html

http://www.biopact.com/2007/12/biomethane-presented-as-most-efficient.html

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Upgrading of biogas to bio-methane is possible by several different techniques

Pressure Swing AdsorptionMembrane Separation TechnologyCryogenic SeparationAnd others

Costs are less than 5% of the energy of the gas itself and with smart solutions only will cost a few cents per cubic meter of bio-methane produced

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Which are the potentials, how much is there?

The Eu Agrobiogas project announces 40% higher yield after 1 year of study (2008)

Source: http://ecocomplex.rutgers.edu/PeterBoisen.pdf

http://ecocomplex.rutgers.edu/PeterBoisen.pdf

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Small scale Liquefaction of bio-methane to bio-LNGIt is not true that liquefaction needs large plants and investmentsSmall Scale Liquefaction Plants: growing market; costs p/l are marginal

Source: Ineel Technology 2004

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Costs of the process

Costs of biogas production 10-30 Euro cts per Nm3 (depends upon feedstock costs)Costs of bio-methane upgrading < 5 cts per Nm3 bio-methaneCosts of liquefaction < 5 cts for one liter bio- LNG. Cheaper than natural gas

Comparison of fuels

Calorific value of 1 liter of bio-LNG 21 MJouleCalorific value of 1 liter of bio-ethanol 21 MJouleCalorific value of 1 liter of diesel 35 MJoule

Comparison of fuel prices (no tax, no VAT, excluding logistics and fuelling stations, if necessary)

Costs of one liter of bio-ethanol 64 ct, 1 ton 800 Euro, Heating Value 26GJ. Costs of one liter of bio-LNG 32 cts, 1 ton 760 Euro, Heating Value 50GJ

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Why is bio-LNG better than second generation biofuels?

There is natural gas, there is swamp gas and there is gas from cows, there is an enormous quantity of bacteria that can rot, and produce bio-methane.

There are only a few that can convert ligno cellulose into bio-ethanol which needs input of much energy with high emissions during the conversion process.

Biodiesel gives rise to much more emissions and pollution than bio-LNG

Even BTL (biomass to liquids) generates pollution in the production process

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LNG : more and more used as a transport fuel

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LNG as a transport fuel:Harbour trucks: Los AngelosTaxi’s: ChinaTrucks: UK, Australia, ChinaBrazil, Sweden and othersBenefitsLess noise, less pollution, more cargo possible

But there is more especially in Ports:

Cold ironing, aggregatesForklift trucks in closed spaces, which all contribute to more sustainable transport

Source: http://www.nonox-bv.com/products.php

http://www.nonox-bv.com/products.php

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The first-ever mobile LNG cold ironing test was recently conductedwith the APL China at the Port of Oakland. PG&E supplied the LNGequipment and technical expertise.

Source: Photo Courtesy of PG&E

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LNG as a transport fuel for ships:

Gasnor (Norway) is leading in this European project,

Germany, Poland and Baltic states participate

The project Magolog declared in 2006:

Within 5-10 years all short sea shipping will use LNG as a fuel

Now 13 ships in Norway use LNG, most of them ferries

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LNG-fuelled off-shore supplier (Norway)

Source: http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/viking

http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/viking

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LNG as a transport fuel for ships: storage

LNG is stored in cylindrical, double walled insulated stainless steel tanks. Total weight Is approximately 1,5 times heavier than MDO with tanks.

Source: http://www.worldcruise-network.com/features/feature687-1.html

http://www.worldcruise-network.com/features/feature687-1.html

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LNG as a transport fuel : engines

Wärtsila, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Westport CummingsCaterpillar, Iveco and?

No difference in use/handling between LNG and bio-LNG:

Bio-LNG can be mixed with good quality LNG

Needs good storage optimization as LNG:

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Future plans with shipping

Norway:All future ferries will use LNGSmall scale liquefaction plants are installed: LNG tankers sail upon boil off of the LNG shipped

Netherlands: The Rotterdam based company: Anthony Veder will use LNG as a fuel, Likes to look at the possibility to use bio-LNGSeveral projects will investigate inland navigation on bio-LNGThe Dutch power company Essent looks at SSL of bio-methane to bio-LNG, and takes care of logistics and contract with end users.

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When will it be economically viable to use bio-LNG?

Costs of one ton of MGO, R’dam,Aug 2008: 700 €; Heating Value 44 GJ in bio-LNG equivalent € 790 Oct 2008: 550 € Heating Value 44 GJ in bio-LNG equivalent € 620

Where will bio-LNG be available?At large LNG terminals, where it can be mixed with good LNG At individual bunker stations from landfills and digesters at close distance from PortsFrom the waste of large biofuel plants operating in Ports

1 ton bio-LNG will cost < € 760 (exclusive TAX and VAT)Calorific value of 1 liter of marine gas oil (MGO) 37-39 MJoule, bio-LNG 21 MJoule

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A possible project: bio-LNG from bio-ethanol waste

Source: http://www.ber-rotterdam.com

http://www.ber-rotterdam.com/

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Possible projects

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Bio-LNG from bio-ethanol waste

Bio-methane of BER (SuBERgas) can be converted into bio-LNG

50 million Nm3 99% bio-methane can be converted into:

75 plus million liters of bio-LNG (over 30.000 tons) annually

Status:

Strongly opposed by current players: delayed?

Needs new innovative players

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How to continue?

Does it make sense to establish a consortium,

To start pilots and real projects, optimizing technology and logistics

To establish infrastructure with storage, fuel and bunkering stations,

Looking at automotive, inland navigation and short sea

To develop further technology, establish innovative combinations

We think it makes sense

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to develop a clean and 100% renewable independent fuel chain, which can compete in price with existing fuel chains, with no interference with food, with no emissions

during the production process, with even a carbon negative impact in the world, which will make transportation (also by ships) clean business, namely a chain of:

Source: http://www.anthonyveder.com

http://www.anthonyveder.com/

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Bio-LNG


a clean

and cool bio fuel

Thank you for your attentionwww.hollandinnovationteam.nl

Source: http://www.anthonyveder.com

Source: http://www.gasrec.com

http://www.anthonyveder.com/

http://www.gasrec.com/

Bio-LNG :a clean and cool biofuel for ships Bio-LNG London.pdf · Bio-LNG: a clean and cool biofuel for ships. Lloyd’s maritime academy London: 12th of November 2008. What is bio-LNG?

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