Bio Insecticide

BIOINSECTICIDESBIOINSECTICIDES

Varun LoharVarun Lohar

M.Sc. MicrobiologyM.Sc. Microbiology

Bioinsecticide?Bioinsecticide?

These are certain microorganism, These are certain microorganism, which can control insect population which can control insect population called microbial insecticide or called microbial insecticide or bioinsecticidebioinsecticide..

BIOINSECTICIDESBIOINSECTICIDES

Characteristics of bioinsecticidesCharacteristics of bioinsecticides1.1. High specificityHigh specificity

2.2. VirulenceVirulence

3.3. PersistencePersistence

4.4. ViabilityViability

5.5. EconomicEconomic

6.6. Quality controlQuality control

7.7. SafetySafety

8.8. stability stability

Types of BioinsecticidesTypes of Bioinsecticides

1.1. Bacterial insecticidesBacterial insecticides

2.2. Viral InsecticidesViral Insecticides

3.3. Fungal InsecticidesFungal Insecticides

4.4. Protozoal InsecticidesProtozoal Insecticides

Bacterial InsecticidesBacterial Insecticides

Spore forming bacterial pathogens-

e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis, B. lantimorbis, Bacillus poplliae etc.

Non-Spore forming bacterial pathogens- e.g. Pseudomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Strepcoccus spp. etc.

Bacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensis

Gram-positive Gram-positive

Sporulating organism Sporulating organism

They contain perasporal body, crystalline They contain perasporal body, crystalline

protein in their spores.protein in their spores.

Mode of action:Mode of action:Bacillus Bacillus thuriengiensisthuriengiensis

Mode of action of Mode of action of Bacillus Bacillus thuringiensisthuringiensis

Ingestion of microorganism Ingestion of microorganism

Solubilization of parasporal body of Solubilization of parasporal body of microorganism.microorganism.

Production of active toxin Production of active toxin

Swelling and bursting of mid-gut cellSwelling and bursting of mid-gut cell

Commercial formulation of Commercial formulation of Bacillus Bacillus thuringiensisthuringiensis

Active Active ingredientingredient

Target Target pathogenpathogen

Product Product name name

manufacturermanufacturer

B.t. var. B.t. var. kurstakikurstaki

LepidopteraLepidoptera Thuricede Thuricede DipelDipel

Sandoz ,USASandoz ,USAAbbott, USAAbbott, USA

B.t. var. B.t. var. israelensisisraelensis

Larvae of Larvae of mosquitoes mosquitoes and black flies.and black flies.

TeknarTeknarVectobacVectobacBactimosBactimos

Sandoz, USASandoz, USAAbbott, USAAbbott, USAAntotech, USAAntotech, USA

AdvantagesAdvantages

Effective on insects that have Effective on insects that have developed resistence to other developed resistence to other insecticides.insecticides.

Widely acceptableWidely acceptable

LimitationsLimitations

Less persistence powerLess persistence powerAffected by UV lightAffected by UV lightRequires stickers or spreadersRequires stickers or spreadersAffected by weather conditionsAffected by weather conditions

Improvement in Improvement in BacillusBacillus thuringiensisthuringiensis through through

genetic engineeringgenetic engineering

Development of trans-conjugate Development of trans-conjugate strains that express convention strains that express convention BacillusBacillus thuringiensis thuringiensis genes with genes with wider host spectrum.wider host spectrum.

Direct modification of the specificity Direct modification of the specificity domains.domains.

Development of transgenic microbes Development of transgenic microbes of plant.of plant.

Other bacterial Other bacterial insecticidesinsecticides Bacillus popillae and Bacillus Bacillus popillae and Bacillus

lantimorbis lantimorbis Mode Mode of actionof action

Entry in gutEntry in gut

Germination Germination

Invade cell wallInvade cell wall

MultiplicationMultiplication

VIRAL INSETICIDESVIRAL INSETICIDES

Types of viral insecticidesTypes of viral insecticides

1. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus1. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus

2. Granulosis virus2. Granulosis virus

3. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus3. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus

Most effective viral Most effective viral insecticideinsecticide

BaculovirusBaculovirus

Recombinant baculo virusRecombinant baculo virus

Nuclear polyhedrosis virusNuclear polyhedrosis virus

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Polyhedral inclusion bodyPolyhedral inclusion body

Highly refractileHighly refractile

Seen under light microscopeSeen under light microscope

Mode Of ActionMode Of ActionEntry into mid gutEntry into mid gut

Virus disintegrationVirus disintegration

Release of virion Release of virion

Invade cytoplasm and nucleiInvade cytoplasm and nuclei

Lysis of host cellLysis of host cell

Advantages of viral Advantages of viral Insecticides Insecticides

1. High host specificity1. High host specificity

2. Most reliable and safe 2. Most reliable and safe 3.Large scale production 3.Large scale production

cost is less cost is less

FUNGAL INSECTICIDE

IN 1935 FIRST REPORTED THAT FUNGUS CONTROLLING THE INSECTS.

APPROXIMATELY 700 SPP. OF FUNGI ARE PATHOGENIC TO INSECTS .

THEY CAUSES MYCOSIS IN MANY DIFFERENT ARTHOPODS

INFECT ALL STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE HOST.

FUNGI PENETRATE THE INSECT CUTICLE

DIFFERENT FUNGAL DIFFERENT FUNGAL INSECTICIDESINSECTICIDES

Three main genera of fungiThree main genera of fungiCoelomomicesCoelomomicesLagenidiumLagenidiumCulicinomycesCulicinomyces

Protozoal insecticidesProtozoal insecticides

Mainly microsporidia group of Mainly microsporidia group of speciesspecies

E.gE.g. Nosema . Nosema

Mode of actionMode of action

Entry into mid gutEntry into mid gut

MultiplicationMultiplication

spreadingspreading

Death of insectsDeath of insects

General advantages of General advantages of bioinsecticidebioinsecticide

They are very reliable and safe as they They are very reliable and safe as they have high host specificityhave high host specificity

Being biodegradable in natureBeing biodegradable in natureCultivation is possible at laboratory levelCultivation is possible at laboratory levelRequired less concentration to control Required less concentration to control

insectinsectThey don’t alter the viability of They don’t alter the viability of

biofertilizerbiofertilizer

Limitation of Limitation of bioinsecticidesbioinsecticides

Less species of microbes are only Less species of microbes are only suitable as bioinsecticidesuitable as bioinsecticide

Low persistent powerLow persistent powerMost of the time they give good Most of the time they give good

results at the pilot scale but don not results at the pilot scale but don not give the same results in the field give the same results in the field trials.trials.

QUERIES ?QUERIES ?

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