Bio I Rupp. Why do cells transport materials? What are the two main methods of cell transport and how do they differ? What are homeostasis and equilibrium?

Bio I Rupp Why do cells transport materials? What are the two main methods of cell transport and how do they differ? What are homeostasis and equilibrium? What do the terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic mean? Be able to sketch the scenarios. PASSIVE TRANSPORT No energy needed Particles move from high concentration to low concentration ACTIVE TRANSPORT Energy needed Particles move from low concentration to high concentration Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Diffusion through ion channels Wastes Out Nutrients In Diffusion animation Diffusion animation Simplest type of passive transport High to low movement Difference in concentration across a space is the concentration gradient Example: sugar cube in a beaker Water molecules are in constant motion and cause the diffusion Particles want to reach a state of equilibrium Homeostasisstable internal conditions of living things Diffusion of water from a high concentration to a low concentration Only WATER!!!! Osmosis animation Osmosis animation Isotonicthe concentrations of solute inside and outside a cell are equal Hypertonicthe concentration of solute molecules is higher outside the cell Hypotonicthe concentration of solute molecules is lower outside the cell Root cells of plants are surrounded by watera hypotonic environment Water moves into the plant The plant cells swell and push against the cell walls The pressure on the cell wall is turgor pressure Turgor pressure stops plants from wilting PLASMOLYSIS Due to hypertonic environment Water leaves the cell Cell shrivels CYTOLYSIS Due to hypotonic environment Water enters the cell Cell swells Diffusion of large molecules across a cell membrane Large molecules are helped across by channel proteins Still passive, therefore; high concentration to low concentration Facilitated diffusion animation Facilitated diffusion animation Charged particles, ions, are moved from high concentration to low concentration Why cant ions diffuse directly through the membrane?think about the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer!! Sodium-Potassium pumps Endocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Exocytosis Many cells need higher concentrations of sodium outside the cell and higher concentrations of potassium inside the cell From low concentration to high concentration Energy needed in the form of ATP Sodium-potassium pump animation Sodium-potassium pump animation Endo means in and cyto refers to a cell, therefore; this is cells ingesting materials Pinocytosisingestion of fluidscell drinking Phagosytosisingestion of solid moleculescell eatingphagocytes and lysosomes Endocytosis animation Endocytosis animation Reverse of endocytosis Waste removal process