Bio- Gregory Penner Soy 20/20 Project May 27 th, 2005 mass to Chemistry toCars.

Bio-

Gregory Penner

Soy 20/20 Project

May 27th, 2005

mass to Chemistry to Cars

Overview

• How did petroleum win?

• Targets where biomass could be competitive

• A glimpse of the future

• What do we need to do?

The 20th century belonged to petroleum.

Most intermediate chemicalsare made from petroleum.

An average car contains 275 lbsof plastic.

2,250 Ontario plastics companies,shipped $14.7 B in products in 2003.

How did we get here?

Petroleum was discovered in Ontario in 1858.

Oil has always beaten agricultural biomass on price.

$0.00

$0.10

$0.20

$0.30

$0.40

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

$/lb

Oil

Corn

Specific targets

1.) Automotive coatings

Dupont SuperSolidsTM Paint

Reduce VOCemissions 25%

Works with existingequipment.

Based on vinyl monomer with branched glutaric acid.

VinylPolymer

Automotive coatings

VinylMonomer

BranchedGlutaric

Acid

Acrylic Acid

Esters

C5H7O4

C3H4O2

$0.65/lb

A bio-based source?

Soybean 20% oil$0.22/lb

Canola 40% oil$0.25/lb

A bio-based source?

Vegetable oil is composed of fatty acids.

Stearic acid 18:0

Double bonds provide an opportunity.

Stearic becomes Oleic

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-COOH-=

Ozo

ne

Fatty acids occurring in nature.

Fatty acid Formula Double bonds Fragments

Linolenic 18:2 9,12 9, 3, 6Gamma linolenic 18:3 6,9,12 2 x 6, 2 x 3EPA 20:5 5,8,11,14,17 5, 4 x 3, 1DHA 22:6 4,7,10,13,16,19 4, 5 x 3, 1

A new engineering opportunity

• Design fatty acid desaturases for targeted molecules

C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-COOH

20:4 divided in four 4 x Glutaric Acid

Summary

• An opportunity exists to make carboxylic acids from vegetable oil.

• Modification of plants is required.– Modification of specificity of desaturases– Modification of fatty acid composition

• Time will be required to create these modifications

• Concerns exist over the presence of industrial components in food crops

Specific Target #2

Bio-catalysis of useful chemicals

Corn Starch

Corn $2.00/bushel$0.04/lb

70% Starch

Starch $0.05/lb

What is corn starch anyway?

Glucose polymer

Glucose

Cargill/Dow

Corn

BiorefineryPolylactic acid

Future product aims

Starch

Glucose

Lacticacid

Propionicacid

Acrylicacid

H+

Lactobacillus

Codexis

Summary

Agriculturalproducts

EnzymeEvolution

CompetitiveChemical

Costs

A glimpse of the future

Crops tailored for specific industrial markets

Glutaric acid Adipic acid

Grain ElevatorsBio-refineries

Biomass Monomers

Supply to existing chemical infrastructure.

DowImperialOil

Sunoco

Nova

Lanxess

Ethyl

PetroCanada

Invista

Kosa

Monomers Polymers

Automotive parts clusters

Polymers Cars

We need to compete globally

We need to be innovative

We need to build on our strengths

We need to build our own value chains

How do we make this happen?

An opportunity exists

$0.00

$0.10

$0.20

$0.30

$0.40

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

$/lb

Oil

Corn

AutomotiveAssembly

AutomotiveParts

To lead we must be able to innovate.

Petroleum

IntermediateChemicals

Polymers

Plastics

AutomotiveAssembly

AutomotiveParts

The driver is reduced cost and increased value

Biomass

IntermediateChemicals

Polymers

Plastics

We need to work together

AutomotiveIndustry

Agriculture

EnzymeChemistry

Process Engineers

Thank you