Bio-fuel development Experience of Ethiopia · Bio-fuel development Experience of Ethiopia ... Nadew Tadele:- Bio-fuel development coordination directorate Director ... [storage of

Bio-fuel development Experience of Ethiopia

Ministry of Water, Irrigation & Energy May 5, 2014

Nadew Tadele:- Bio-fuel development coordination directorate Director

[email protected]

Presentation out line

1. Location 2. General information 3. Energy resource potential 4. Introduction 5. Back ground 6. Policy measure 7. Bio-fuel development and utilization strategy 8. Bio-fuel development program 9. Bio-fuel research 10. Bio-fuel Ethiopia for rural development project

Location of ETHIOPIA

General Information • Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn

of Africa. It’s total area is 1.13 million square km.

• The country is the second most populous in Africa, with about 90 million inhabitants.

• Ethiopia celebrated its new millennium 5 years ago (local calendar)

Cont…

• Population growth rate - 2.5% per year.

• The country’s annual real GDP growth rate averaged 10% over the last four years (2008/09-20012/13), significantly above the Sub-Saharan average of 5.8 %

Energy Resource Potential

No. Resource Exploitable Potential

1 Woody Biomass 37 Million ton/year

2 Crop + animal waste 38 million ton/year

3 Hydropower 45,000 MW

4 Solar 5-6 KWh per meter square per day

5 Wind 10,000 MW

6 Geothermal 7000 MW

7 Natural Gas 4 trillion cubic feet

8 Coal 400 Million ton

Introduction • About 95% of the total energy consumption in

Ethiopia is composed of traditional biomass

fuels, with only 5% coming from modern energy

sources (FAO 1995).

• The biomass is mainly obtained from firewood,

charcoal, dung and crop residues that mainly

depend on the surrounding forest resources and

agricultural residues.

• In consequences, the country’s forest and land

resources is being disappear and degrade with

an alarming rate, resulting in desertification,

reduction in agricultural production and

recurrent drought.

• increase Emission of green house gases

Cont… • On the other side, Ethiopia imports its

entire petroleum fuel requirement by

spending over 80% of the foreign

earning annually.

• Even the demand for petroleum fuel is

increasing rapidly due to a growing

economy and expanding infrastructure.

• Hence, it is very critical to look for

alternative energy sources in order to

contribute for solving economic,

environmental and social problems.

Background

• availability of the bio-fuel feedstock Locally and its potential benefit for rural community in employment creation and modern life style.

• Potential alternative energy with all ranges of

thermal application. Therefore, bio-fuel development as one of the packages

in Energy development promoting wide scale development of renewable and energy efficiency and conservation is given high regard.

Policy Measures

• The Government decided to have legislation which facilitates bio-fuel development:

• Bio-fuel strategy issued by the Council of Ministers in September 2007

• The environment in which the strategy enacted is attractive where by:

• large number of labor force available, • land potential and suitable climate for the development of bio-

fuels.

Focus of the Bio-fuel strategy

the Ethiopian bio-fuel strategy focuses mainly on: • withstanding the challenges of unexpected fossil fuel

price increase, • save foreign earnings and produce foreign currency by

exploiting and availing alternative energy sources for the country;

• Enhancing rural development, industrial and service sectors by providing support and creating employment opportunities;

• Supporting soil and water conservation programs; • Implementing environmental protection programs and

measures.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE

STRATEGY Goal: to produce adequate bio-fuel energy from domestic resource

for substituting imported petroleum products and to export excess products.

Objectives: • substituting mineral fuels by locally produced bio-fuels (to save

and earn foreign exchange); • Contributing to rural development by creating job in feedstock

production, bio-fuel manufacturing, and in transporting and distribution of feed-stocks and products;

• Reduction of environmental pollution by harmful pollutants from vehicles exhausts (GHG emissions).

PRINCIPLES OF THE STRATEGY

• Ensure that it supports food security,

• avoid negative effect on economic development, environmental and cultural values and land, safely secure water and grazing land being used by farmers and pastoralists;

• devise means for broad participation of farmers and pastoralists for benefit sharing.

• Ensure that it maintains environmental sustainability. Emphasis- to the conservation and improving of soil fertility, water quality and biodiversity.

Cont…

• Use of the by-products for various economic benefits and detoxify toxic components for environmental safety.

• Ensure sustainability of the country’s economic resource development and secure the benefit on the use of bio-fuels.

• Conform bio-fuel development to the international effort on the mitigation and principles of greenhouse gases

Strategy Contents

• Accelerating bio fuel technology transfer, research and development

• Increasing bio fuel development

• Increasing bio-fuel use and export earnings

• Involve Bio-fuel Actors • Efficient coordination and leadership for bio-fuel

development

• Increasing finance for bio-fuel development

Bio-fuel Development Program

• The Strategy provides the required guidance for bio-fuel development.

• A stakeholders forum for the implementation of bio-fuels strategy.

• 5% blending of Ethanol with gasoline has been implemented since October 2009 and increased the ratio to 10%

Ethanol for transport

• E5 blending started with one sugar factory and one blender company (Fincha and Nile petroleum)

• E10 blending started march 2011 with two sugar factories and three blender campaniles (Fincha, Metehara and Nile petroleum, Oil Libya and NOC). For these more than 17 million liters/year is needed.

• Till now we blended more than 44 million liters of ethanol with gasoline and we can save more than 35 millions USD

Ethanol for House hold

• In our country 313.4 million liters/year of kerosene used by house holds.

• More than 6,000 stoves distributed by different organizations

• In order to produce affordable ethanol cook stove for HHs, ethanol cook stoves produced by our ministry alternative energy laboratory center.

Bio-diesel Feedstock

• various types of plant species which can be used for producing bio-diesel grow in the country

• Jatropha, grows in many parts and used as a hedge and medicinal plant.

ORDA jatropha plantation at Kobo wereda

Jatropha plantation at Shewa rebit wereda

Jatropha plantation at Bati wereda

Jatropha plantation at Bati wereda

Plantation of jatropha on farm boundary

Researches have been done to support bio-

fuel development program:-

1.Suitability mapping for jatropha production • Topographic (Slope, Elevation):- 63.4 % of the total area of the

country are suitable for jatropha production. • Soils:- 18.8% of the area of Ethiopia falls under suitable category. • Climate(Temperature, Precipitation):- 35.2 % by area of land falls under

suitable category.

• Land cover:- Around two third of the land area of Ethiopia is suitable for jatropha production in terms of elevation.

• Only less than half of the land area of the country is suitable for jatropha production without affecting the existing land use practices.

No. Suitability Area (ha) Proportion (%)

1 Not suitable 9,211,430.97 8.36

2 Moderately suitable 84,403,971.54 76.57

3 Highly suitable 16,608,240.81 15.07

TOTAL 110,223,643.32 100.00

2. Effects of Seed storage on germination ability of physicnut

S/N treatment Germination % at the end of experiment period

1 M Holeta 94.2

2 M Wondo Genet 92.4

3 M Were 93.9

4 J Holeta 92.9

5 J Wondo Genet 92.0

6 J Were 93.5

7 MWP(sack via

plastic) Holeta

93.7

8 MWP Wondo Genet 90.3

9 MWP Were 92.3

Possibility of storing longer times for using it as a seed

3. Evaluation of physic nut oil cake

for fertilizer

Treatments pH EC OC (%) P (mg/kg of

dry soil)

100% oil cake and 0% cow dung 7.1-7.4 3.32-3.96 41-46 1518-2453 75% oil cake and 25% cow dung 7.3-7.9 4.39-4.83 40-46 1791-2532 50% oil cake and 50% cow dung 7.4-8.1 3.9-6.02 39-44 1715-2482 25% oil cake and 75% cow dung 7.4-8.9 3.47-4.7 37-43 1647-2522 O% oil cake and 100% cow dung 8.4-9 2.67-3.34 37-42 1384-2499

4. Direct use physic nut SV oil for lightening

(a) 0 % SVO

(b) 25 % SVO

(c) 50 % SVO

(c) 75 % SVO

(d) 100 % SVO

discipline is of paramount importance. Thus, the following directions could be sought: •Research should continue to further modify

designs that are aimed at substituting elements of the lamp with easily accessible materials

•Comparative emissions of exhausts of such lamps with that of Kerosene lamps need to be investigated quantitatively to substantiate findings

5. Substitution of olive oil with physicnut and oil palm oil for soap preparation

Samples were submitted to

ESA to be tested for their

quality standarts

The formulation protocol was deveoped and soap was prepared

Future Research Issues and Directions • Survey to identify the knowledge and technology gap in

biodiesel

• Characterization and identification of important growing

areas

• Variety Development [high yielder vs. dieses resistance];

Castor and Jatropha

• Chemical characterization + quantification

• Post harvest management [storage of seeds vs. oils]

• Silvicultural/Agronomic package [Management]

• Environmental impact studies

• Alternative use of oils from castor and jatropha [soap,

cosmetics]

• Waste management of biodiesel plants [Fertilizer, biogass]

• Alternative product development as value addition

• Study on the economic benefit of biodiesel plants

Bio-fuel Ethiopia for rural development project

• OBJECTIVE

1. Substituting traditional biomass energy utilization by Modern and

clean energy using Biodiesel and reducing the energy bill of

households in rural areas,

2. Great job opportunity and income for rural house hold,

3. Women Empowerment,

4. Save imported fuel currency, and

5. drive domestic cooperation and investment Growth.

LOCATION

Afar, Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations and Nationalities and Tigray regions..

. Stakeholder and Process Mapping

Energy Sector

Biofuel Sub-sector

Biofuel Forum

Agricultural, Environment Institutes, Research Universities, Corporations

Propagation Material

Agronomy Package

Cultivation Practice

Post Harvest technology

Industrial Institutes, Research, Universities, Quality standards

Processing Methods

Processing Package

Industrial Package

Entrepreneurs

Cooperatives

SME's

Products

Quality Control Methods

Processing Equipment Specification

Fabrication/ procurement of

equipmnt

Trade/Commerce, Regulation

Market Strategy, Promotion, Investment

Marketing

Other Institutions

Activities done so far

• Sensitization work shop to launch the project for regional energy bureaus and other relevant sectors, universities, research institutes, investors other stake holders.

• BASELINE, SUITABILITY AND VALUE CHAIN STUDY ON THE BIO-FUELS DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA.

Cont…

• Establishment of nurseries in pilot project areas.

Cont… • Bio-fuel extension package Training about jatropha extension package has

been given for regional, zonal and woreda experts as well as selected house holds in the pilot project areas.

• Technology prototyping and research development

Training how to produce the technology prototypes has been given for regional technology centers.

Activities in pilot areas at house hold level

Activities in pilot areas at cooperative level

Ethiopia Renaissance Hydropower Dam

6,000 MW 15177 GWh/year 66 billion m3 of water storage capacity

Thank you!!! Obrigado !!!