Bio circulatory system

Heart:The Circulatory System

By LuXuan Li, Sharon Chan, Soojin Jang

Aim: What are the functions and parts of the circulatory system?

Do Now: Do the word search.

Key Ideas

1. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body and removes wastes from tissues.

2.Powerful contractions of the myocardium pump blood through the circulatory system.

3.As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels-arteries, capillaries, and veins.

The Function of the Circulatory System

The circulatory system transport oxygen, nutrients,and other substances throughout the body, andremoves wastes from tissues.

Vocabulary:

1-Myocardium: a muscle layer sandwiched by two thin layers of epithelial and connective tissue in the walls of the heart

2-Atrium: upper chambers(left and right) of the heart that receives blood from the body

3-Ventricle: lower chambers(left and right) of the heart that pumps blood out of heart

4-Valves: flaps of connective tissues that located between the atria and ventricles to prevent blood

from flowing backwards when being transported throughout tge heart.

There are four valves in a heart: -Pulmonary Valve-Tricuspid Valve-Aortic Valve-Mitral Valve

5-Pulmonary Circulation: a process through which the oxygen poor blood from the right side of the heart pumps to the lung, where carbon dioxide diffused and oxygen is absorbed in the blood, flowed to the left side of the heart

6-Systemic Circulation: a process through which the left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body, cells absorbed the oxygen and the oxygen poor blood returns to the right side of the heart

7-Pace Maker: the sinoatrial node, or “SA node” that sets the pace for the heart

8- Septum: A thin wall that separates the right and left side of heart to prevent oxygen rich blood from mixing with oxygen poor blood

9-Arteries: large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

10-Capillaries: smallest blood vessels that allow oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from blood into tissues and carbon dioxide and wastes move from tissue into blood

11-Veins: vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Cardiovascular DiseasesAtheroclerosis

Atheroclerosis is a condition when plaque builds up in the arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in blood. Overtime the plaque will cause the arteries to harden as well as narrow. As a result, the blood flow inside the vessels will be limited. Atheroclerosis is rather common and often is the starting point to more serious diseases such as stroke and heart attack.

Symptoms:

- Chest pain (Agina)

-Pain in calls

-Numbness

-Sudden weakness

Coranary Artery Disease

The coronary arteries transport blood and oxygen to the heart and the rest of the body. When coronary artery disease occurs, plaque builds up in those arteries. If the plaque ruptures, it will result in blood clot which can completely cut off the blood flow inside the artery. When oxygen rich blood stops flowing the heart and the heart can't restore it fast enough, it slowly begins to die. This process is known as heart attack. CHD can also cause heart failure and arrthymias.

Syptoms:

-Agina

-Shortness of breath

-Fatigue

Cerebrovascular Disease

Cerebrovascular disease affects the two kinds of arteries that transport blood to your brain. They are known as the carotid and vetebral arteries. When either of these arteries are clotted, blood floe suddenly stops reaching your brain and can cause fatal problems. For example, transient ischamic attack (TIA) occurs when there is a temporary fall in the brain's blood supply and therefore results in lack of oxygen to the brain. Tia often happens before a stroke which is another state of cerebrovascular disease.

Syptoms:

-Paralysis

-Difficulty speaking

-Numbness

-Weakness

Treatments

Angioplasty- a surgical process in which a stent (a small mesh tube) is inserted into an artery to prevent it from closing up

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)- a surgical procedure in which arteries and veins from other part of the body are used to bypass (go around) the narrowed coranary arteries

Coratid Endartrectemy- removal of the plaque in carotid arteries