BIO - CHEMISTRY
Feb 17, 2016
BIO - CHEMISTRY
Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry)
Inorganic Compounds: from minerals or non-living source.
Organic Compounds: contain Carbon & come from a living thing.
Carbon can combine with other elements to form millions of compounds.
Simplest Organic Compound is CH4 (Methane)
Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry)
VOCABULARY ALERT!
Polymer: long chains of carbon molecules.
Monomer: the building block of a polymer.
Examples: A bead necklace = PolymerIndividual Bead = Monomer
CarbohydratesElements: C, H, O
Ratio of H:O is 2:1
Building Blocks: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose)
Function: Energy and storage molecules
Examples: Monosaccharides – Glucose(C6H12O6)Disaccharides – lactose (in milk), sucrose
(table sugar)Polysaccharides – starch, cellulose, glycogen
carbohydratesSIMPLE SUGARS (SUCROSE)
STARCH (POTATO PLANTS STORE SUGAR IN THE ROOTS AS STARCH )
LipidsElements: C, H, O
Ratio of H:O is more than 2:1
Building Blocks: Fatty Acids
Function: Energy storage Part of the Cell Membrane
Examples: Beef Fat (C15H112O6)Oils, Wax
LipidsOILS ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FATS ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
LipidsDIFFERENT KINDS OF FATS CELL MEMBRANE
ProteinsElements: C, H, O, N, S
Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Function: Structural Molecules &Functional Molecules
Examples: Muscle, skin, hair, fingernailsEnzymes (speed up
chemical reactions)
FINGER AND TOE NAILS MUSCLE CELLS
Nucleic AcidsElements: C, H, O, N, P
Building Blocks: Nucleotides(a sugar, phosphate, &
nitrogen base)
Function: Stores and transmits hereditary info.
Controls cell activityMakes proteins
Examples: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) &
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
DNA