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Paper Reference(s)

6105/01

Edexcel GCEBiology

Advanced

Unit 5B

Monday 25 January 2010 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Nil Nil

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) andsignature.The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.Answer ALL SEVEN questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).The total mark for this question paper is 70.

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions andarguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

The Synoptic Section (Questions 4 to 7) is designed to give you the opportunity to make connectionsbetween different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course innew contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of yourcourse.

Examiners use only

Team Leaders use only

Question Leave

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Paper Reference

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This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.2010 Edexcel Limited.

Printers Log. No.

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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. The diagram below shows the procedure used in the laboratory to amplify and analyse the

DNA content of a small sample of tissue.

(a) Name the enzyme added in stage 1.

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(1)

(b) Describe how the DNA is amplified during the heating and cooling cycle in stage 2.

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stage 1Enzyme, primers and

nucleotides added

stage 2

DNA amplified by

heating and coolingcycle

stage 3DNA extracted and

analysed

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(c) The technique known as DNA fingerprinting can be used to analyse the sample

produced from the procedure described in part (b).

State two uses of DNA fingerprinting analysis.

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(2) Q1

(Total 6 marks)

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2. (a) The distribution and abundance of an organism within its habitat can be influenced

by both abiotic and biotic factors. Explain the difference between abiotic and biotic

factors.

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(b) Describe an investigation that you have carried out to study the effects of a namedabiotic factor on the distribution of a named organism in a named habitat.

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Q2

(Total 9 marks)

(c) Predation is a biotic factor that can influence the abundance and distribution of an

organism. In Britain, foxes are one of the main predators of rabbits. The graph below

shows the relationship between the number of rabbits and foxes in a habitat.

Suggest how the introduction of a new predator of rabbits into this habitat at time X

may affect the population densities of the rabbits and the foxes. Give reasons for your

answer.

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rabbits

foxes

Time

Popu

lation

density

X

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3. In an investigation, an extract from a soil-dwelling bacterium, Azospirillum brasilense,

was prepared. This extract contained several plant growth substances. A number of

seedlings of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum, was divided into two sets, A and B.

Pearl millet seedlings in set A were treated with the extract from the bacterium. The set B

seedlings were left untreated. Both sets of pearl millet seedlings were allowed to grow

into mature plants.

The table below shows the mean masses of the roots and shoots and the mean number of

side roots for each set of plants.

SetMean mass of roots

/ g per plant

Mean mass of shoots

/ g per plant

Mean number

of side roots

A (treated) 12.05 74.47 56

B (untreated) 12.01 52.67 38

(a) (i) Describe the effects of the treatment on the growth of these plants.

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(ii) Suggest the names oftwo plant growth substances that may have brought about

these effects.

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Synoptic Section

The questions in this section are designed to give you the opportunity to make connections

between different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course

in new contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole

of your course.

4. Camels and llamas belong to the family Camelidae. Llamas are ruminant herbivores that

are particularly suited to living at high altitudes. They are used in many mountainous

regions as pack-animals to carry loads. They are also used for the production of wool and

as meat.

Of the four species in the genusLlama, two species,Llama llama andLlama pacos, have

been domesticated.

Llamas being used as pack-animals

(a) Suggest how the digestive system of a llama would be able to break down the cellulose

of the plant material in their diet.

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(b) The table below shows the taxonomic groups used to classify the genus, Llama.

Complete the table by writing in each of the spaces the name of the taxonomic group

(taxon).

Taxonomic group Taxonomic group for llamas

Kingdom Animalia

i).................................................................Chordata

ii)................................................................Mammalia

iii)..............................................................Artiodactyla

Family Camelidae

Genus Llama

(2)

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(c) The graph below shows the oxygen dissociation curve for the blood of a llama living

at high altitudes compared with that of a horse that lives at low altitudes.

(i) Explain what the curves show about the differences in the ability of the blood of

a llama and a horse to absorb oxygen.

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(ii) Suggest how the composition of the blood of a llama and a horse may account for

the differences in their ability to absorb oxygen.

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(Total 9 marks)

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(b) Suggest why the two ratios of normal to melanic forms of these ladybirds in the

United Kingdom remained stable throughout the 20th century.

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(c) An investigation was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the activity of

the different forms of this ladybird.

Ladybirds that had been kept at 0C were transferred to a container at 2 C. The

time taken for the ladybirds to begin moving was recorded. This was repeated using

containers at different temperatures.

The results are shown in the graph below.

(i) It has been suggested that the dark coloration of the melanic form means that its

body will absorb heat more quickly than the normal form.

Suggest how this hypothesis could explain the differences in mean time to begin

moving shown between the normal and the melanic forms.

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Key

Normal form

Melanic form

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(ii) Suggest why there was a difference in the ratios of these two forms between

the southern and northern regions of the United Kingdom throughout the

20th century.

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(iii) Using the data in the graph, suggest what effect global warming might have

on the ratios of normal to melanic forms of two-spot ladybirds in the United

Kingdom in the 21st century.

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(2) Q5

(Total 14 marks)

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6. Mitosis is a process involved in the normal growth of tissues and also in the abnormal

growth of tissues producing tumours. The diagram below shows a eukaryotic cell during

the metaphase stage of mitosis.

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled A and B.

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(1)

(ii) Explain how the arrangement and structure of the chromosomes shown in the

diagram would differ during metaphase I of meiosis.

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A

B

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(b) The active form of the enzyme telomerase has been found in the cells of many

tumours. Active telomerase has not been found in healthy tissues.

The discovery of the tertiary structure of this enzyme has been important in the

development of drugs that will inhibit the growth of tumours.

(i) Explain why the tertiary structure of an enzyme, such as telomerase, is important

for the way in which it works.

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(ii) Suggest how a drug, used to slow the growth of a tumour, might inhibit the

activity of telomerase.

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(iii) Radiotherapy uses ionising radiation for the treatment of patients with tumours.

Suggest why drugs that inhibit telomerase may be a better method for the

treatment of patients with tumours.

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(2) Q6

(Total 12 marks)

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7. The growing of crops, such as wheat, peas, cabbages and many other vegetables, is

described as arable farming. Crop rotation is one of the oldest practices used in arable

farming. An example of a 5-year crop rotation plan for an area of arable farmland is

shown in the diagram below.

(a) Peas belong to the plant family Papilionaceae. Suggest why the roots of the peas

grown in the rotation plan shown above are usually ploughed back into the ground

after the crop is harvested.

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Potatoes

Carrots

Cabbages

Peas

Onions

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

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(b) Integrated pest management (IPM) is now used on many arable farms. Explain what

is meant by integrated pest management.

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(c) In the mid 20th century, an area of land that had been used for arable farming was

abandoned. Between 2002 and 2005, a comparison was made of the trees growing

on this abandoned land with the trees growing in a nearby woodland.

The percentage of the tree species in the community in each area was recorded.

The table below shows the results of this study and the shape of each tree species.

Tree species Tree shapePercentage of each species (%)

Abandoned land Woodland

Ash tall, slender 15 45

Blackthorn short, bushy 38 20

Elm tall, slender 3 6Hawthorn short, bushy 37 18

Oak tall, slender 1 2

Sycamore tall, slender 4 1

Others mixed 2 8

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Explain how the data suggest that the succession taking place in the abandoned land

has been influenced by the tree community in the nearby woodland.

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TOTAL FOR PAPER: 70 MARKS

END

Q7

(Total 11 marks)

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