BIO 210 Chapter 10 Part 2 Important Skeletal Muscles.

BIO 210Chapter 10 Part 2

Important Skeletal Muscles

Warm Up

Define & give an example of each of the following. Prime mover Synergist Antagonist Fixator muscles

Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group

Name the muscles of Hamstring Group

Warm Up

Define & give an example of a muscle that does each of the following. Prime mover-provides most of the force for a

movement, forearm flexion, biceps brachii. Synergist-assists, i.e.contract at same time as

prime movers, and move the joint the same direction. Brachialis.

Antagonist-muscle that extends the prime mover. Triceps brachii is antagonist for biceps.

Fixator muscles-stabilize a joint. Deltoid.

Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius

Name the muscles of Hamstring Group Semitendenosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris

Important Skeletal Muscles

When we talk about muscle actions of the following muscles, we are referring to the action of the prime mover.

Remember that muscles work

together. Prime mover Synergist Antagonist Fixator muscles

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR

ORBICULARIS ORIS

BUCCINATOR

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Closes Eyes (Blinking)

ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR: Pulls Corners of Mouth Upward (Laughing)

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Puckers Mouth (Kissing)

BUCCINATOR: Presses Lips and Cheeks Against Teeth (Blowing, Whistling)

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

TEMPORALIS: Same as Masseter MASSETER Elevates Mandible (Closes Jaw)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID Flexes Head ("Prayer Muscle") (When Both Contract) Turns Head to Side (When Each Contracts Alone)

TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE THORAX NOTE: All of These Muscles Play an Important Role in Respiration.

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Elevates Ribs

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Depresses Ribs

DIAPHRAGM Enlarges Thorax

(Causes Inspiration)

TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS

RECTUS ABDOMINUS

CAT ABS!

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS

RECTUS ABDOMINUS

Functions of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

All Four of These Muscles Have the Following Functions: Compress (Tighten) Abdomen Rotate Trunk Laterally Abdominal muscles play important roles in posture;

they pull pelvis upward which flattens lumbar curve of the spine.

They also aid in defecation, forced expiration,

childbirth, etc.

Rectus abdominus flexes the trunk of the body.

UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior

TRAPEZIUS

Raises and Lowers Shoulders (Shrugs Shoulders)

CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.

1. External oblique 2. Latissimus dorsi 3. Spinotrapezius 4. Acromiotrapezius 5. Clavotrapezius 6. Levator scapulae

ventralis 7. Spinodeltoid 8. Acromiodeltoid 9. Clavodeltoid 10. Triceps brachii

(lateral head) 11. Triceps brachii (long

head)

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

•Pulls Shoulder Forward and Upward (Punching Movements)

UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior

CAT-SERRATUS ANTERIOR

UPPER LIMB MUSCLESMUSCLES THAT MOVE THE UPPER ARM

Pectoralis majorLatissimus dorsiDeltoid

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Flexes Upper Arm Adducts Upper Arm Anteriorly

(Draws It Across Chest)

CAT PECS

Clavodeltoid Pectoantebrachia

lis Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Extends Upper Arm Adducts Upper Arm Posteriorly (Draws It Across Back)

CAT-LATISSIMUS DORSI

Assists with Flexion and Extension of Upper ArmAbducts Upper Arm

DELTOID

CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.

1. External oblique 2. Latissimus dorsi 3. Spinotrapezius 4. Acromiotrapezius 5. Clavotrapezius 6. Levator scapulae

ventralis 7. Spinodeltoid 8. Acromiodeltoid 9. Clavodeltoid 10. Triceps brachii

(lateral head) 11. Triceps brachii (long

head)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM

BICEPS BRACHII Supinates Forearm

and Hand Flexes Supinated

Forearm

BRACHIALIS& Flexes Pronated

Forearm 

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM

BRACHIORADIALIS Supinates Forearm

and Hand Flexes Forearm (Semipronated or

Semisupinated)

TRICEPS BRACHII Extends Forearm

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS

SUPERFICIAL FLEXORS

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Flexes Hand

PALMARIS LONGUS Flexes Hand

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Flexes Hand

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS

FLEXOR DIGITORUM (SUPERFICIALIS) Flexes Fingers

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS

Extends Hand

Abducts Hand (Moves Toward Thumb Side When Hand Supinated)

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

•Extends Hand•Adducts Hand (Moves Toward Little Finger Side When Hand Supinated)

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM• Extends Fingers

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS:

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS

OPPONENS POLLICIS Opposes Thumb to Fingers

LOWER LIMB MUSCLESMUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH:

ILIOPSOAS

Flexes Thigh Flexes Trunk

LOWER LIMB MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH:

RECTUS FEMORIS

Flexes Thigh Extends Lower Leg

LOWER LIMB MUSCLESMUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH:

GLUTEAL GROUP

MAXIMUS Extends Thigh

MEDIUS Abducts Thigh

MINIMUS Abducts Thigh

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Abducts Thigh

PECTINEUS Adducts Thigh Flexes Thigh

ADDUCTOR GROUP BREVIS LONGUS MAGNUS ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh.

GRACILIS Adducts Thigh Flexes Lower leg

Lower Limb Muscles continued…

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAEAbducts Thigh

1. Sartorius 2. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Gluteus maximus 4. Gluteus medius 5. Caudofemoralis 6. Vastus lateralis 7. Biceps femoris 8. Gastrocnemius 9. Soleus

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE-CATAbducts Thigh

1. Sartorius 2. Tensor fasciae latae 3. Gluteus maximus 4. Gluteus medius 5. Caudofemoralis 6. Vastus lateralis 7. Biceps femoris 8. Gastrocnemius 9. Soleus

PECTINEUS Adducts Thigh Flexes Thigh

PECTINEUS-CAT

ADDUCTOR GROUP ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh.

BREVISLONGUSMAGNUS

ADDUCTOR GROUP-CATNOTE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAT AND HUMAN BEING

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

ADDUCTOR FEMORIS

GRACILIS Adducts Thigh Flexes Lower leg

GRACILIS-CAT

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP RECTUS FEMORIS

Extends Lower leg Flexes Thigh

VASTUS LATERALIS VASTUS MEDIALIS VASTUS

INTERMEDIUS ALL Muscles in the

Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP

RECTUS FEMORIS Extends Lower leg Flexes Thigh

VASTUS LATERALIS VASTUS MEDIALIS VASTUS

INTERMEDIUS deep to rectus

femoris ALL Muscles in the

Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS deep to rectus

femoris ALL Muscles in the

Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP-CAT

VASTUS LATERALIS

RECTUS FEMORIS

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

VASTUS MEDIALIS

SARTORIUS Flexes Lower Leg Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion

HAMSTRING GROUP BICEPS FEMORIS

Flexes Lower Leg Extends Thigh

SEMITENDINOSUS Extends Thigh

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Extends Thigh

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG

SARTORIUS-Flexes Lower Leg

SARTORIUSPermits Sitting in Tailor Fashion

HAMSTRING GROUP BICEPS FEMORIS

Flexes Lower Leg Extends Thigh

SEMITENDINOSUS Extends Thigh

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Extends Thigh

HAMSTRING GROUP-CAT BICEPS FEMORIS

REFLECTED IN THIS PIC Flexes Lower Leg Extends Thigh

SEMITENDINOSUS Extends Thigh

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Extends Thigh

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/cat_dissect/cat_demo/muscular_system/Biceps_femoris_reflected/Biceps_femoris_reflectedindex.html

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion) Inverts Foot (Inversion)

GASTROCNEMIUS Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion) Flexes Lower Leg

SOLEUS Extends Foot

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR Flexes Foot

(Dorsiflexion)

Inverts Foot (Inversion)

GASTROCNEMIUS

Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion)

Flexes Lower Leg

SOLEUS Extends Foot

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT-CAT

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

GASTROCNEMIUS

SOLEUS