ME 4343 HVAC Design Lecture 1 -- Introduction
The Impact of Occupancy Behavior Patterns On the Energy
Consumption in Low-income Residential Buildings
Bing Dong1, Yifei Duan1, Rui Liu2, Taeg Nishimoto2
1 Building Performance and Diagnostics Group, Mechanical
Engineering, the University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA2 College
of Architecture, the University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
ME 4343 HVAC Design1IntroductionLarge gaps between measured
performance and simulated results
Source: NBI report 2008 Energy Performance of LEED For New
Construction Buildings
2IntroductionOccupancy behavior (OB) has significant influence
on building energy use
3IntroductionPeople spend most of time at homes
Based on American time user survey data (ATUS)
4IntroductionOccupancy behavior is a key factor influencing
building energy consumption and indoor
environmentClimateConditionBuilding EnvelopeBuilding
SystemsBuildingOccupancyBehaviorOccupancyPresenceOccupancyActivitiesOccupancyOperationEnergyConsumption5UTSA
Occupancy Test-bedsThree+1 project for Westside low income housesA
collaborative project of UTSA the San Antonio Alternative Housing
Corporation, and the Texas Department of Housing and Community
AffairsHonorable Mention for Research and Education in Residential
Construction, presented by City of San Antonio Green Building
Awards, 2013
6Introduction
SIPs House 1,073sf
AAC House 1,019sf
Container House1,106sf
Stick House 1,000sf
. 7Instrumentation
Powerhouse Dynamics e-Monitor
Temperature Sensor Nonintrusive Sensor Network8Energy
ConsumptionTotal Monthly Energy Consumption# of Occupants at
homes2244
3 StickEven with best material as SIP house, the energy
consumption rises high.
How many people in different houses?Does number of people
matters ? No. In this case, the number of people did not impact on
the energy consumption 9Behavior 1: Thermostat Schedule
All four houses thermostat scheduleAugust 12 to August 19,
2013
DOE BenchmarkBehavior 1: Thermostat Schedule HVAC working status
for 1 week
OnSIP houseAAC house OffBehavior 1: Thermostat Schedule
Energy Consumption of HVAC for 1 week(12/8-19/8)Energy
Consumption (kWh)Behavior 2: Usage of Major AppliancesEnergy
Consumption of Stick House for 5 months
Building Energy Data Book (2009)
Cooling and Heating45%Behavior 2: Usage of Major Appliances
(Water Heater)
Energy Consumption of Water Heater for 1 week(12/8-19/8)Energy
Consumption (kWh)Behavior 2: Usage of Major Appliances (Water
Heater)SIPStickATUSBehavior 3: Occupancy Movement
Occupancy movement in SIP houseTemperature Profiles of living
room and master bedroom of SIP house
Living Room16Behavior 3: Occupancy Movement
Living Room in SIP house(aggregated one week data)High
ProbabilityFor example, between 7pm to 9pm 17Behavior 3: Occupancy
Movement
Kitchen in SIP house(aggregated one week data)
Integrate with Energy Models
Occupancy Movement PatternsNew Thermostat ScheduleBuilding
Controls Virtual Test bed (LBNL)
Measured Energy and Temperature DataEnergy Saving: 15%Comfort
time Increase: 25%
Appliances Conclusion and Future Work In this study, we present
occupancy behavior and energy usage patterns in four low income
housesWe also demonstrate possible energy savings based on
occupancy movement
In future studies, we will: Develop statistical models to
describe occupancy behavior in buildings. Integrate with energy
consumption patternsIEA Annex 66IEA Annex 66 Definition and
Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings.
23 countries and regionsUTSA BPD group is task leader of subtask
1.
21Acknowledgement