Bill Clinton - Foreign Policy
Jan 02, 2016
Bill Clinton -Foreign Policy
Clinton as a Peacemaker
Al Gore
Vice President
Madeline Albright
2nd Secretary of State
Key Foreign Policy Advisers
NAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreement
• Created largest free trade zone
Jobs– Lost 127,000 (beginning)– Created 2.5 million (end)
• Traded doubled between the 3 countries
Oslo Accords
Israel and the PLO
Oslo Accords• Created Palestinian
Authority (PA)– West Bank– Gaza Strip
• However, violence soon resumed on a more lethal scale
Treaty of Peace Israel and Jordan
• Normalized relations between the 2 countries
• US forgave a billion debt from Jordan
Military Coup in Haiti (1991)
Clinton failed to oust Haitian strong man Raoul Cedras
Haitian Boat People
Haiti (1994)
Jimmy Carter Colin Powell
Operation Uphold Democracy
Jean-Bertrand Aristide returned to power 1994
• US threatened to invade unless Cedras gives up power
• US planes in the air when Cedras gives up power
North Korea
Kim Il Sung (Died 1994)
Kim Jong Il -The Dear LeaderWanted World Respect
Making Nuclear Weapons
North Korea –Agreed Framework(October 21, 1994)
North Korea– Will freeze and dismantle
nuclear bomb making capability
– Inspectors permitted
United States– Provided $4 billion in aid
• Oil• Light-water nuclear reactors
Kim Jong Il -The Dear Leader• Has $4 billion in Swiss
bank accounts
• Owns 8 worldwide villas
• Bought 200 Mercedes S Class cars -$100,000
(1998)
• Owns over 200,000 movies
Vietnam
• Embargo lifted
–February 3, 1994
• Recognition
–July 11, 1995
Vietnam –Official VisitNovember 16, 2000
Yugoslavia “The powder keg of Europe”
• 6 republics• 5 nations• 4 languages• 3 religions• 2 alphabets• 1 political party
Communist Josip Tito Died 1980
Country goes into chaos
Break up of YugoslaviaIndependence
• Slovenia – June 25, 1991
• Croatia– June 25, 1991
• Macedonia– Sept. 8, 1991
• Bosnia-Herzegovina– April 6,1992
Serbia President Slobodan Milosevic
“The Butcher of the Balkans”
• “Where ever there is a Serb, there is Serbia.”
• Sent Serbian forces to “protect” Serbs in other
areas.– Croatia (1991)
– Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992)
Srebrenica, Bosnia July 13 – 22, 1995
• UN safe haven
• nearly 8,000 men and boys executed
• Hundreds of woman raped
Operation Deliberate ForceAugust 30 – September 20, 1995
• Military Action to pressure Milosevic to
negotiate
• First NATO military action
(3,515 sorties)
Dayton AccordsDecember 14, 1995
• Ended the fighting in Bosnia
Good Friday AgreementApril 10, 1998
• IRA agreed to the “cessation” all military
action• Political compromises
Russian-American Relations
The Cold War: Part II?
Feels Like
Containment
New NATO Members
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Poland
Warheads
US: 3,500
Russia: 2,997
START II (2000)
Fighting Terrorism
USS Cole (October 12, 2000)Adem, Yemen
• 17 killed and 39 wounded
Osama
bin Laden
and
Al Qaeda
Clinton and Military Action
Problems with Hussein and Iraq
Operation Desert Strike September 3, 1996
Problem: 40,000 Iraqi troops gathered on the northern border of No Fly Zone
SUCCESS:
Iraqi Army withdrew from No Fly Zone Border
Operation Desert Fox December 16 – 19, 1998
Problem: Hussein did not allow weapons inspectors access
SUCCESS
• over 100 targets
destroyed set back
programs a year
FAILURE
• Hussein still did not let UN
weapons inspectors
back into Iraq
Somalia Operation Restore Hope
Mohammed
Farah Aidid
Somalia –Operation Gothic SerpentOctober 3-4, 1993
19 killed, 84 wounded
Presidential Decision Directive 25
United States is
leaving the
mission to the
United Nations
Blackhawk
Down
(2001)
Rwanda –Hutu vs. Tutsi
800,000 killed in 89 days1998 – Clinton makes visit, meets survivors and
offers apology for not taking actions to help
April – July, 1994
Fighting Terrorism
Operation Infinite ReachAugust 20, 1998
attacks on terrorist bases
Sudan Afghanistan
Memorandum of Notification
Clinton gave the
order to the CIA
to use lethal
force to kill
bin Laden
Back to the BalkansDayton Accords
-stopped Serbian forces in Bosnia
Slobodan Milosevic attacked Ethnic
Albanians in
Kosovo
The Kosovo WarOperation Allied Force
March 24 – June 10, 1999
Clinton Doctrine• “Genocide is in
and of itself a national interest where we should
act.”
• “. . . and if it’s within our power to stop, we will
stop it.”
Operation Allied Force
General Wesley Clark
Operation Allied Force
• Over 38,000 sorties– 2 planes hit
– No war deaths
• All 19 NATO members had to
agree to bombing targets
• No ground troops
Operation Allied Force• Dogfight –Yugoslav
fighter engaged by 24 NATO fighters
• 99.6% of 20,000 bombs and missiles
hit their targets (DOD)
• Hit Chinese embassy– 3 killed
President Slobodan Milosevic
• Arrested April 1, 2001
• Trial February 12, 2002
• Died March 11, 2006
• Died Again March 6, 2007
You Got a Friend in Pristina
Dedicated Nov 2, 2009
It’s not so foreign, anymore!