ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ ТЕЛЕФОННОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ Стивен Д. БИГЕЛОУ Джозеф Д. КАРР Стив ВИНДЕР Москва, 2007
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. .
, 2007
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, 2007
621.396.6 32.872 59 . ., ., . . . .: , 2007. 576 .
59
ISBN 5 9706 0014 8
, , . , , , , , . , , , .
32.872 621.396.6
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written per mission of the publisher. . . , , . , . , .ISBN 0 7506 7175 0 (.) ISBN 5 9706 0014 8 Copyright 2001 by Butterworth Heinemann. , , 2007
.........................................................................................19 1. ..........................................25 ....................................25 .............................................................27 ......................................................28 .....................................................29 ...................................................32 ......................................................32 ............................................32 ....................................................33 ...................................33 ..................................................................33 .....................................33 ........................................................34 ........................34 ........35 ...................35 ....35 ......................................................37 .......................................37 .................................................39 ......................................................39 ...........................................40 .......................................41 .......41 .........................42 ............................................45 , ......46 .......................................49 .........................................................49 ......................................................50 ..............52 ..............................53 ..............................................545
............................................................56 .............................56 ...58 .......................................................58 ................................................61 ......................................................62 ....................62 , ....65 .....................................66 .......67 ...................................................69 ........69 ...................69 .....................71 .........................................................72 ............................................................74 .........................................74 ..............................................................75 ..............................................76 ..........................................................................78 ............................80 1 ..........................................81 2. .......................83 .................................83 ............................................83 ............83 ....................................83 ...................................................85 ...............................................85 () .............87 ...................................................................87 ......................................................89 .................................906
...............................92 , ........................92 ......................93 ..............................................94 ..........................................................94 ....................................................................95 , .............................................................96 ...................................................96 ......................96 ...............................................................................97 ..................................................97 ...........................................98 .....98 , .............100 .......................................................................101 .......................101 ............................102 ............................................103 ..........................................................104 .............................................105 ..............................................107 .......................................108 ..........................110 ..............................................112 ............................................114 ..........................................116 ..................117 ......................................................117 ? .........................121 2 ........................................123 3. .............................................................................125 .........1257
.................................................................126 ....129 .........................131 .......131 ..................................................131 .................132 .....................133 ................................134 ............................................136 ..............................136 ........................138 ..................................................................140 .........................140 ............................................141 .................................................142 .......................142 .......................................143 .......................144 .................................144 , , ....................................146 () .....................................................147 ..................................................147 ......................................................................149 , ..............151 ? .........................154 3 ........................................156 4. ....................................................................159 ....1598
, ...................................159 ...............................................160 , ....161 , ......161 , ............................................162 ..................................164 .......................165 ............................................................166 ..........................................................166 ........................................................170 .........................173 .........174 .............................................177 ..................................................................179 ...............................179 ...180 ............................................................182 ............................183 .............................................183 ........................................................184 .........................................184 ..............................185 .........................186 .............................................187 , ........................................187 ..........................189 .........................................................1909
.............191 ................192 ......................................193 ....................................194 , ...........................................195 ? .........................197 4 ........................................199 5. , ......................................................201 .........201 34010..................................201 .....................................................202 ............................204 .......................................205 .................................206 ......................................206 .......................................207 ........................................208 ................................................209 ......................................................................209 ..............................................................................210 ..........................................211 , ......................................211 .........................................................................215 .............219 , .........................................220 ...............................................222 .................................................224 ........................................................................224 34118 ....................................................225 - .....................228 ? .........................229 5 ........................................23110
6. ......................................233 .........233 .............................................................233 ..............................233 ...............234 ......................236 ? .......................239 ..............................................................240 ..................................................241 ........................................................242 ....243 ................................243 .......................243 .........243 , ...244 ................................................246 ..............................................246 .................................................247 .........247 .....248 .......................248 ...................................251 - ...........................................251 ................................................252 .............253 11
..................................254 .................................................................254 ..................257 ............................258 - .............................259 - .....................................260 ................................................................261 ....................................................................263 .........................................................263 ......................................................265 -.......................................................266 -.......................................................268 -......................................................270 ......................................................272 ..........272 ...........................273 ...................274 ................................................................274 1 .......................277 3 .....................................................279 4 5 ...........281 .....282 SONET - SDH ........................................................284 ...........................................285 ..............................................285 ISDN xDSL .................................................286 ........................................................287 ? .........................288 6 ........................................29012
7. .....................................................................293 .........293 .........................................294 .........................295 ................................296 ........................................................296 ...........................................297 ............................................297 ......................297 ...................................298 ................................298 .......299 .....302 ....................................................................302 .............................................................302 ........................................................303 .......................................303 ...........................303 .......................................................................304 .........................................................306 , .......................................................................308 4204 ........................309 ...........................310 ........................................312 ...............................313 , 2912.............................................314 ...............................315 .............................................................317 2910......................320 .............................................................................322 .....................32413
.......................................326 ...............328 .............................332 , ..............................336 ....................................339 ...............339 ............................341 ? .........................342 7 ........................................344 8. .........................................347 .........347 , -, ?....347 .....................349 D-......................................................349 D1................................................................349 D- ........352 D3 D4 ...........................353 ..................................................................354 .........................................................354 .......................356 .................358 DS-1C..........................361 ................................................................361 ................................................................364 , ...................365 ................................367 ..........................................367 ......................................................368 ...............................370 ...............................................................371 ......................................................37314
...............................................373 ....................................375 N ...................376 B6ZS B3ZS .....................................................376 HDB3 ................................................379 B8ZS.................................................379 .........................................................381 ? .........................381 8 ........................................383 9. ...................................385 .........385 ?...385 ..............................388 - ...........................390 ......................................390 ...........................................391 ...........................................394 .................................................394 .......................................................................395 ................................................395 .....................................................396 ........................................................396 .....................................................398 ............................................398 .................................................399 1200 / .......................................................400 103- (Bell Systems) ..................................................................402 , .........403 , .............................................404 ...........................404 ....405 .................412 ............................................................................413 ...........................................413 ..................41515
................................................................415 ......................................416 ............................................................................417 ..................................419 ......................................419 -.....................................................................421 .........................................................422 .................................................................422 .............................................................423 -, ....424 - SSI 73D2291/2292 ........................................425 ? .........................428 9 ........................................429 10. - .................431 .........431 - ...431 .............................432 - ............................434 .....................................435 - ......................................438 .................................................442 ...................................................................446 , - ...................448 - .....449 , , .......451 , ..........452 , .....................................453 , .......................................456 .........456 ..............................................456 , - ................................45616
- ...................................459 ...................................................460 ? .........................467 10 ......................................468 11. ..............471 .........471 ...................................471 .............................................472 ...........................................473 ..........................................................474 ..................................................475 ..............................................476 ........................................................476 , .............................477 ..................................................................477 .............................................................479 ( ) .............................481 ............482 ..................................................482 ......................................................485 ................487 ........488 ............................488 .................................................490 .....492 ..................................................493 ................................495 ...............................................497 ............499 ...............................................500 ...........................500 ........................................................501 , , AMPS .............................501 , NAMPS ..............................................502 .....................................50217
......................................502 , TDMA ...............................................................503 .....................................................504 , CDMA ...505 ...........................................................506 , CDMA ....................................506 ..............................506 ..................507 ? .........................509 11 ......................................510 12. ...............................................513 .........513 .......................................................513 ..............................514 ......................................................517 ..................................518 .............................................................521 ...............................................................................524 ........................................................525 ...................................................525 ...............................527 - ........................................................527 ...........528 , ............................529 ....................529 ...........530 ? .........................532 12 ......................................534 ....................................................536 .................................................................547 ............................................55018
(1814 .) , 1812 . , , , , . , , . ? 1814 . . . , , . , , , . , , .. () . , . , . , , , . , , . 1855 1857 ., 50 . , 1955 ., . (Telstar I, , AT&T). , Telstar I,
19
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, . . , , . . , , , , , . 1984 , (AT&T), , , , . , , , , , , , , .
22
: (John Bellamy), . (John McNamara) (Digital Equipment Corporation), (Ken Bean) (Texas Instruments) (Leo Goeller), . , , (International Communication Association), . , (Bell Telephone Laboratories) () [AT&T], , , . . 1. Members of the Technical Staff, Bell Telephone laboratories, Engineering and Operations of the Bell System, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., 1977. 2. Members of the Technical Staff, Bell Telephone laboratories, A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System, The Early Years (1875 1925), Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., 1975. 3. Members of the Technical Staff, Bell Telephone laboratories, Bell Laboratories Record, November, 1980. 4. Network Planning Division of AT&T, Notes on the Network, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., No, 500 029,1980, : [Sheldon Hochheiser] . : 1. M T. M. (Dalton) III, , (Business Services), . (Texas Instruments, Inc.). 2. . (Mark B. Jorgensen), , (Corporate Communications), . (Silicon Systems. Inc.)
23
3. . (L. Jefferson Gorin), , (Media Relations) (Phoenix). (Motorola Semiconductor Products) (Phoenix), . 4. (Eileen Algaze), , , (Rockwell International Corporation). (Newnes) , (Joe Carr), , 25 2000 . 80 , , , , , , . . [Steve Winder], , . , 3, 11 12. 3 34114, () , , . 11 ( ) , , . 12 , , , (), . , . , . (Richard Goldhor) . (Enounce, Inc.) (Stephen Bruder) , , , .
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