Big Data and Advanced Analytics Technologies for the … · Big Data and Advanced Analytics Technologies for the Smart Grid Arnie de Castro, PhD SAS Institute ... Meter Traditional

Big Data and Advanced Analytics Technologies for the Smart Grid

Arnie de Castro, PhDSAS Institute

IEEE PES 2014 General MeetingJuly 27-31, 2014

Panel Session: Using Smart Grid Data to Improve Planning, Analytics, and Operation of the US Capital region T&D Systems

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BIG DATA

Meter Traditional AMI Meter PMU

Reads/month 1 2,880 77,760,000

Big Data is Relative, not Absolute

When volume, velocity and variety of data exceeds an organization’s storage or compute capacity for accurate and timely decision-making

Analytics Across the Energy Value Chain

Technologies for the Smart Grid

• Enterprise Analytics

– Situational Awareness, Descriptive to Predictive, Visualization

• Grid Operations Analytics

– Predictive Asset Maintenance, Outage Management, PMU Monitoring and Analytics, Smart Meter Analytics, Distribution Optimization

• Consumer Analytics

– Energy Forecasting, Consumption Analysis, Revenue Protection

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ENTERPRISE ANALYTICS

Innovative

Strategies for

Big Data

Analytics

• A flexible enterprise architecture that supports many data types and usage patterns

• Upstream use of analytics to optimize data relevance

• Real-time visualization and advanced analytics to accelerate understanding and action

• Common analytical framework across the enterprise

GRID OPTIMIZATION ANALYTICS

Predictive Asset MaintenanceIdentify equipment that is likely to fail

and/or determine its remaining lifetime

Prioritize problems based on business

impact

Determine root cause more quickly

Provide automated reporting and

alerting

Provide a collaborative environment

Copyr i g ht © 2012, SAS Ins t i tu t e Inc . A l l r ights reser ve d .

The Problem: humidity sensor failure

Pi graph: Indicates key parameters during the humidity

sensor failure.

NOTE: Humidity Sensor failed High

NOx limit is 20ppm (we are seeing ~30 ppm below).

Magenta line is instantaneous NOx ppm.


Root Cause Analysis

Diagnostic Sequence Diagram:

•

OUTAGE OPTIMIZATION

Outage Optimization- Balancing Customer Satisfaction and Reliability: SAIDI, SAIFI

0

500

1000

1500

Hospital High Business High ResidentialHigh

ResidentialLow

ResidentialMedium

Police High EmergencyServices High

SchoolMedium

Outages 30 - 60 Outage 60 - 90 Outage > 90

Traditional and Advanced Analytical Impact Methods

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Outages by City during Hurricane Irene 2011

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Predicting Outages

• Narrowing Down the Variables Affecting Asset Failure

• Survival Analyses Modeling Asset Potential Storm Failure

• Outage Prediction Model Scoring

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Outage Prediction Model

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After the Storm Analytics

• Travel time calculation

• Modify MILP Framework for Customer Restoration Constraints

• MILP Solver to Create Optimal Solutions versus Standard Utility Routing

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Constrained Customer Restoration Problem

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PMU MONITORING AND ANALYTICS

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)A REAL WORLD EXAMPLE FROM THE POWER GRID

Issue:Latency; a delay of 3 seconds or more may be too late to take action to control system stability, leading to a blackout.

Background:With Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), measurements taken are precisely time-synchronized and taken many times a second (i.e. 30 to 60 samples/second) offering dynamic visibility into the power system.

Approach:Develop analytics to:

• Understand Steady State operation

• Detect events on the network

• Categorize the event on the network

• Direct appropriate action based on the event

• Capture data for post event analysis

Phasor Measurement UnitsWHAT ARE PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS?

Courtesy: US Dept of Energy

• Next-Gen

measurement

devices for power

grid

• Collect

measurements

(frequency, voltage,

current, phase

angle) at 30

meas/second

• Synchronized across

locations by GPS

clock

PMU Analytics Process

Data Quality/Transform

Event Detection

Event Identification

Event Quantification

Notifications

Pi Server

PMU Event AnalysisDETAIL CHARTS FOR EVENT

• Current oscillates

after event, but then

dampens down to

normal

Event IdentificationSIMILARITY ANALYSIS

• Reference time

series for various

events

• Incoming data

stream is compared

to reference time

series

Event IdentificationSIMILARITY ANALYSIS

• Similarity between

incoming stream

and reference time

series is measured

and quantified

SMART METER ANALYTICS

Smart Meter Analytics

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Customer Analysis

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Load Analysis

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DISTRIBUTION OPTIMIZATION

Distribution Optimization

Distribution Network Model

GIS, OMSSCADA/DMS, Meter Data,Sensor Data

Network Operations Model

Distribution Optimization

ConservationVoltageReduction

Loss Minimization

Tap Changing Transformers

Capacitors

Regulators

Direct Load Control

CostOptimization

Distributed Intelligence

Distributed Generation

Energy Storage

Load Forecasts

Load Models

Load Analytics

Measurement and Verification

Connectivity(Static) Data

Operational (Dynamic) Data

Optimization Software

ENERGY FORECASTING

Energy Forecasting

• Spatial load forecasting

• Outlier detection

• Demand response forecasting

• Weather forecasting

• Hydro/wind/solar generation forecasting

• Price forecasting

CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS

Load Profile Comparisons via Segmentation

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

HIGH PERFORMANCE ANALYTICS

HIGH-

PERFORMANCE

ANALYTICS

Analytics Server Architecture

Metadata

Mid-Tier

SAS VA Server

Workspace Server

Co-Located Data Storage

SAS® LASR Analytic Server

LASR Cluster

HadoopRDBMS Nonrelational ERP unstructured PC Files

MEMORY

STORAGE

PROCESSING

DATA

SOURCES



LASR Cluster



LASR Cluster

Massively Parallel Processing (‘MPP’) in the context of SAS® Visual Analytics…

HIGH PERFORMANCE ANALYTICS TECHNIQUES

Copyright © 2012, SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved.

FORECASTING

DATA MINING

TEXT ANALYTICS

OPTIMIZATION

STATISTICS

Finding treasures in unstructured data

like social media or survey tools

that could uncover insights

about consumer sentiment

Mine transaction databases

for usage patterns that

indicate abnormalities

Leveraging historical data

to drive better insight into

decision-making

for the future

Analyze massive

amounts of data in

order to accurately

identify areas likely to

produce the most

profitable results

ANALYTICS

INFORMATION

MANAGEMENT

EVENT STREAM PROCESSING


Event Stream Processing (ESP)

ESP is a subcategory of Complex Event

Processing (CEP) focused on

analyzing/processing ‘events in motion’

called Event Streams.*

The SAS ESP is an embeddable engine

that can be integrated into or front-end

SAS solutions.

* This is the definition provided by the Event Processing Technical Society


• Continuous queries on data in motion (with incremental results)

• Moves analytics from centralized data warehouse to edge analytics (closer to the occurrence of the events)

• Very low (max) event processing latencies (i.e., µsecs-msecs)

• High volumes (>100k events/sec)

• Derived event windows with retention policies

• Memory constrained for performance (i.e., Bounded state)

• Predetermined data mining, decision making, alerting, position management, scoring, profiling, …

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF


APPLICATIONS:


Hybrid (Multi-staged) Analytics:Streaming Analytics front-ending historical/predictive analytics

ESP

ESPs store the

queries

and

continuously

stream data

through the

queries

RDBMS

Databases store

the data

and periodically

run queries

against the stored

data

EVENTSINCREMENTAL

RESULTSQUERIES RESULTS

Data Flow Model:

Meter readings are continuously published into

Readings source window

Event Stream Processing Server

SubstationsReadings(source)

vminGTvmax(copy)

Grid

Management

Console

Meter

Readings

ESP Utilities Power Grid Management

Monitor the Power Grid for Concerning Meter Reading Patterns Suggestive of Less Than Optimal Health

readingsWstats(aggregate)

volChk4(filter)

volChk3(filter)

volChk2(filter)

volChk1(filter) sigma2

(filter & pattern)

integral(pattern)

downtrend(pattern)

sigma1(filter & pattern)

Cleanse readings(compute&

procedural)

Slot1: vmin>vmax

Slot 0: vmin<=vmax

Downtrend: trend of 6 points in a row either

increasing or decreasing

Readings window uses output slot feature with

exvolion vmin>vmax to send bad readings to

vminGTvmax window & good readings to

cleanse readings window

DataFlux data quality functions are used to cleanse

the readings. Null fields are fixed via procedural

window using prior state.

Aggregate window adds meter stats to readings:

count, ave ave vmax, ave vmin, stdev, stdev

vmax, stdev vmin

volChk1: vmin<minThresh1 or vmax>maxThresh1

volchk2: vmin<miinThresh2or vmax>maxThresh2

volChk3: vmin<=0 or vmax<=0

volChk4: vmin>aveVMIN+2*stdVMIN or

vmin<aveVMIN-2*stdVMIN or :

vmax>aveVMAX+2*stdVMAX or vmax<aveVMAX-

2*stdVMAX

sigma1: 4 out of 5 consecutive points fall beyond

1σ, on the same side of the centerline (mean)

Sigma2: 2 out of 3 consecutive points beyond 2σ,

on the same side of the centerline (mean)

Integral: 9 consecutive points either above or

below the centerline (mean)


Connected DevicePROCESS REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE

Workflows/ Case Management

Mobile Dashboard/ Alerts

Dashboard/Alerts

Data VisualizationStreaming Data Access/Cleanse

Maintenance/ Quality

Customer Seg/ Next Best Offer

Fraud & Compliance

Network Security/ Management

……Data Management

Low Latency

Batch Processing Data

Model Deployment

Sensor Data/ Smart Device

Telemetry

Trade/ Financial Feeds

Databases

Routers, switches

• Threshold• Models• Patterns• Queries

SOURCE DATA

ACCESS ENGINES

ACCESS SERVER

• Data In-Memory• Extreme Parallelism• Distribution of

Analytics Processes

MODEL DEVELOPMENT / BATCH ANALYSIS / ALERT / REPORT / ROOT CAUSE / ADJUDICATE

Batch Processing

Network Traffic

10011 01 100111

Analytics Solutions Across the Energy Value Chain

Big Data and Advanced Analytics Technologies for the … · Big Data and Advanced Analytics Technologies for the Smart Grid Arnie de Castro, PhD SAS Institute ... Meter Traditional

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