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F. Ratzel, C. Wissler, & C. Sauer: Culture Area Research
and Mapping (1850’s)
Maps Descriptive of London Poverty (1899)
“No. 34 is occupied by the widow of a boatman. He committed suicide and left her with eleven children. Some have died, and she has five here now, two of whom go to work, and three to school. She makes sailor jackets, but is nearly blind. Struggles hard for her children…”
Q: How can we measure something that is unobserved, or for which there is no direct measure?!A: Use a statistical model to measure the relationships between the observable variables and the unobserved (or “latent”) quantity.
Text is not only big, but is growing at an increasing rate. Twitter was launched March 21, 2006 and it took 3 years, 2 months and 1 day to reach 1 billion tweets. Twitter users now send one billion every 2.5 days.
People are highly opinionated.Its inexpensive: > library(twitteR) > guncontrol<- searchTwitter("#guncontrol", n=n, cainfo=“cacert.pem”) !Its comprehensive:
Population vs. SamplePopulation: The entire group under study.!Populations (N): often so large that we cannot examine the entire group. Samples are selected to represent the population. !Sample (n): Samples help answer questions about the population.!Nontraditional data allows n -> N
Is garbage in, garbage out” a statement we ought to take seriously?
+ Data collected in targeted rigorous ways - aka AUTHORITATIVE!
E.g. Census data, Surveys, Polls.
- Data tends to be narrow in scope both geographically and temporally and infrequently measured, if ever again.
Linchpin is “when the data is available.” The vast majority of data relating to emerging questions related to business, politics and social science simply do not exist.
What is Bad Data?
Social Media is millions of conversations happening continuously and concurrently with varying degrees of decay and magnitude — Lots of signal and lots of noise. (+) We can ask a variety of questions from it.
#p2Refers to Progressives 2.0, the resource for progressives on social media. Progressivism is a political philosophy that prioritizes diversity and empowerment through social activism.
#2ndAmendmentanti gun control
#CTshootingvague, broad
#gunsense seems to be pro gun control
#2a2ndAmendmentanit gun control
#guncontrolvague, broad
#NowIsTheTimeseems to be pro gun control
#tcotTop Conservatives on Twitter: seems to be against gun control
12/16Obama openly wepts as he addressed the nation in the hours after the attack -- and stated that now was the time for "meaningful action" on gun violence.
12/19“In the coming weeks, I will use whatever power this office holds to engage my fellow citizens, from law enforcement to mental health professionals to parents and educators, in an effort aimed at preventing more tragedies like this," Obama said. "Because what choice do we have? We can't accept events like this as routine."
1/19Obama Presents Gun Control Agenda; Includes 23 Executive Orders
Proximate casualty hypothesis; (Gartner, Segura, and Wilkening 1997)!Time and space provide new insight on the multiple processes underlying opinion change in today’s complex information environment. !A case study of the “proximate casualties” hypothesis, the idea that popular support for American wars is undermined at the individual level more by the deaths of American personnel from nearby areas than by the deaths of those from far away.
Richard Heimann: @rheimann https://twitter.com/rheimann [email protected] Data Tactics Big Data Insights [blog]: http://datatactics.blogspot.com !!Keegan Hines: @keeghin https://twitter.com/keeghin