2013 Reinhard Goethert BIG BUILDINGS and SMALL HOUSES DR. REINHARD GOETHERT SIGUS – Special Interest Group in Urban SeRlements – MIT The Future is Now El Futuro es Ahora
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Accommodating Urban Growth in Steep-Slope
Constrained Terrain
1st Foro International de Vivienda
Toluca
18 y 19 Julio del 2013
!
2013!Reinh
ard!Goe
thert!
BIG BUILDINGS and SMALL HOUSES A!Prelude!
An!Innova7ve!Building!Concept!Slope>Smart,!Energy!Smart!PowerAtrium!The!Smart!City!An!Example!–!Tongren!Master!Plan!China!The!Compe77on:!The!informal!incremental!Tools!for!the!Designer!
DR.!REINHARD!GOETHERT!SIGUS!–!Special!Interest!Group!in!Urban!SeRlements!–!MIT!
Four!Ques7ons!!
The Future is Now El Futuro es Ahora
Las predicciones en los años 70s ahora están haciendo realidad
Predictions in the 70s are now coming true
Resources!
Popula,on!
20000
Que0hoy0Futuro es Ahora
0
Pollu,on0
20300
21000
MODEL 1972
�Limits&to&Growth�,&1972&
The0world0is0exhaus,ng0resources0and0pollu,ng0the0environment:0A0local0challenge0with0global0impacts,
Recursos0
Población0
Polución0
El0mundo0se0está0agotando0recursos0y0contaminan0el0medio0ambiente:0Un0desaFo0local0con0impactos0globales0
1972
|
It0is0now0a0new0world0>0
Now!over!50%!
>0
The URBAN Challenge It,is,like,building,all,of,urban,housing,of,the,last,6,000,years,–,,but,this,;me,in,20,years?,EL DESAFÍO URBANO Es,como,construir,toda,la,vivienda,urbana,,de,los,úl;mos,6000,años,B,pero,esta,vez,en,20,años?,
Las0ciudades0se0triplicará0en0la0área0como0el0doble0de0la0población0en0los0próximos0200años0!
CUATRO PRINCIPALES DESAFÍOS FOUR KEY CHALLENGES
• SPEED • SCALE • ENVIRONMENT • CITIES
Let!a!thousand!ciies!touch!the!sky!
“我环顾四周，心中不无嫉妒。我们生活在狭窄的空间，始终担心着周围的群山随时可能会惩罚我们。我也为我们的子孙后代忧虑，他们还能生活在哪呢？我们的山谷已经满负荷了，没有多余的土地了！为什么我们不能与大自然化敌为友呢？”
“I#look#with#envy#at#the#hills#beyond.##We#are#living#in#cramped#spaces,#in#constant#fear#of#the#mountains#around#us#who#are#ready#to#punish#us#when#we#touch#it.##And#I#worry#about#my#children,#where#will#they#live?##Our#valley#is#full#@#no#more#land!##Why#can’t#we#make#friends#with#nature,#instead#of#seeing#it#as#the#enemy?#
China y terremotos orientado las cuestnes!
China + earthquakes focused the issues
Ciudades y Montañas son "socios" a nivel mundial
Cities and Mountains are ‘partners’ globally
¿Cómo pueden las ciudades hacer frente al desafío del crecimiento en terrrain montañosa empinada
pendiente
Q1: How can cities meet the growth challenge in steep-slope mountainous terrrain
A ‘Big Building’ Innovation offers an alternative?
������!
‘Sustainable0SLOPE0SMART0CITIES’0Research!Partnership!!
MassachuseRs!Ins7tute!of!Technology,!Nanjing!University!of!Technology!With!Tongren!City!
A0joint0Research0Program0
Funded#by#MISTI#@#the#MIT#InnovaGon#in#Science#and#Technology#Program#
NJUT We are developing an
innovative building concept for steep slope constrained areas
offering a new urban form
Ciudad Inteligente The ‘Smart’ City!
Estamos desarrollando un concepto innovador edificio
para las áreas restringidas pendientes muy pronunciadas, ofreciendo
una nueva forma urbana
Dos elementos de construcción: Structural Structural: Two building elements
3 – Links principles into a 2-part structure
A B A0Blocker00–!Recognizes!differen7al!soil!condi7ons!B Slider – Takes advantage of most effective loading on slopes
B
A
El,control,deslizante,El,bloqueador,
Bloqueador-Control deslizante Pendiente Smart Blocker + Slider = Slope-Smart Building
InnovaGon!
El Bloqueador Element A: The ‘Blocker’ mass
• Construc7on!at!foot0of0mountain0flat!area!• ‘Blocks’!by!absorbing!slider!mass!• Uses!standard0pile0foo,ngs0
– Customary!foo7ng!for!poor!soil!condi7ons!from!slope!erosion!
El control deslizante Element B: The ‘Slider’ mass
• Construc7on!on!slope!• Built!with!‘flat!slab’!strip0foo,ng0
– Does!not!penetrate!and!destabilize!sensi7ve!slope!– Supports!load!in!most!efficient!way!
Edificio saldo pendiente masas y el suelo Building masses balance slope and soil
The Slider
The Blocker
Otra forma de entender el concepto Another way to understand concept…
Solar Wind Power!
(For#the#architects)#
El 'Pendiente-Smart' Concept básica: Un enfoque 3-ligado sencillo
The Basic ‘Slope-Smart’ Concept: A simple 3-linked approach
Construcción – Construction
Basic principle Some Options
Slab and Piles (Standard weak soil situation)
Inteligente de la energía Smart Energy – The PowerAtrium
Solar!energy!generates!wind!power!driving!turbines!
The!blocker!building!atrium!is!redesigned!into!a!‘solar0chimney’!with!turbines!at!the!base.!A!glass!apron!–!greenhouse,!shopping!mall,!etc.!–!captures!solar!energy!hea7ng!air!which!is!channeled!into!the!atrium0‘solar0chimney’!!
Q:!How!to!make!energy!self>sufficient?!!
Solar Chimney+Atrium Buildings = Energy-Smart InnovaGon:#
Mountain Necklace + Agriculture Valley = Smart City
Desarrollo,Collar,En,la,base,de,las,montañas,,Valles,faltan,para,la,seguridad,alimentaria,
The OLD
The HYBRID
The NEW •Valleys left for food security#•Necklace development At the base of the mountains#
Ciudad lineal - Orientado Transporte(TOD) Linear city – Transport Oriented Development (TOD)
¿Cuál sería el Smart-City parece? Mountain0>0
Opportunity0to0Expand0>0
Agriculture0>0
Forma de la ciudad consuetudinario en los valles (adivina la ciudad ...) Customary city form in valleys (guess the city…)
De gran altura densificación potencial High-rise potential densification
'Collar’ ciudad inteligente ‘Necklace’ smart city
Agriculture0–0Food0security0
Whar!would!the!Smart>City!Look!like?!
Un ejemplo de Ciudad Inteligente A ‘Smart City’ Example
Master Plan Conceptural Study Tongren City, Guizhou, China
ᎉູگݼ༪
������� ���
MassachuseRs!Ins7tute!of!Technology!and!!Nanjing!University!of!Technology!
in!collabora7on!with!the!City!of!Tongren!
Principios básicos de diseño Basic Layout Principles
Valleys!destroyed!By!transport!and!construc7on!
Valleys!preserved!with!necklace!city!development!
Conceptos básicos de circulación Circulation Basics
ԗ૨ৠ੪Ԛش߂Slope Smart Concept Road Network:
Ӂֺࠀސৠ੪ԚTypical Grid Network
Urban road
Regional road
Walking road
Green!pathways!
Valle0de0la0agricultura0Valley0for0agriculture0
The!New!Tongren!
SquaRer!=!Slopes??!
We!have!been!exploring!informal!incremental!user!build!housing!
Pero, ¿hay competencia por las pistas? But is there competition for the slopes?
Hillside Haiti: How was this possible?
¿Cómo fue esto posible?
!
Si0ellos0pueden0hacerlo,0podemos0ayudar0a0hacerlo0mejor?00If0they0can0do0it,00can0we0help0them0do0it0beZer?0
Informal!SeRlement!Lima,!Peru!!
¿Cómo0fue0esto0posible?000How0was0this0possible?0
La Trayectoria Sueño de las familias The Dream Trajectory of Families?
•!Each!increases!livability!•!Minimum!waste!as!develops!•!Construc7on!an7cipates!future!•!Growth!parallels!community!
A,2,for,1,special!,
¿Cómo0fue0esto0posible?000How0was0this0possible?0
El sector informal Incremental fuera construye la formal y es un recurso económico principal
The Informal Incremental sector out-builds the formal and is a main economic
resource
• They represent more than 50% of GNP in all countries – In Latin America: 51% – In Asia: 65% – In Sub-Saharan Africa 72%
• They are the main economic resource in many cities • They provide the bulk of new housing for the poor.!
El informal es más reponsive The informal is more
responsive
Pay]as]you]go0drives0construc,on0Low0entry0cost00LiZle0lag0between0demand0and0units0built0
Mortgage0Products0Fully0paid0upfront0High0entry0cost00Lag0between0demand0and0units0built?0(will,people,wait?)0
Time!(Speed)!
Number!Of!units!
Long,construc;on,;me,Large,number,built,(less,flexible?),
Time!(Speed)!
Number!Of!units!
Short,construc;on,;me,Few,units,built,(more,flexible?),
Super!Highrise! Home!
"Familia"0_pica0de0opciones0de0vivienda0en0los0proyectos0
Typical0‘family’0of0house0op,ons0in0projects0
Lot!only,!with!services!
Lot,!services,!with!starter!core!
Lot,!services,!small!house!
La perspectiva del constructor incrementales informales diferente.
The perspective of the informal incremental Builder is different.
'Calzado0y0calce,nes?0‘Shoe!and!socks’?!
What0is0the0rela,on0of0type0to0the0income0sectors?0(low,0middle0low,0higher0low)0
¿Cuál0es0la0relación0del0,po0de0los0sectores0de0ingresos?0(,0baja0media0baja,0nivel0bajo0más0alto)0
Q2: ¿Cómo aprender de los éxitos incremental informal?
Proceso de comprensión es referencia clave política fo Proactive
Q2: How to learn from the informal
incremental success? Understanding process is the key reference
for Proactive policy
Capturamos proceso de una encuesta longitudinal esquemática
We capture process in a longitudinal diagrammatic survey
!!
$$$
EXPANSION!By!Rooms!
INCOME!Household!!
NUMBER!IN!HOUSEHOLD!!
Trigger,points,a#key#to#understanding#process#
Survey!divides!houses!into!three:!Success!!
La Base de la encuesta: Casa consolidación / ampliación Tipología
The Survey Base: House Consolidation/Expansion Typology
Expandido0Expanded0(Very&successful)&• !Provides!addi7onal!units!to!housing!stock!of!city!• !Improved!quality
Consolidado0Consolidated0(Successful)&• !Provides!addi7onal!rooms!to!housing!stock!of!city!• !Improved!quality!
Estancado0Stagnant0(Not&developing)&• !No!added!rooms!to!housing!stock!of!city!• !Marginal>to>poor!quality!• !Needs!support?!
Iniciar0Starter0(MoveBin)&
La experimentación de recogida de datos Experimenting with ways of collecting data
Papel entrevista tradicional 'Traditional interview �paper� surveys
Celular intermediario basado en teléfono mSurvey ’ �mSurvey��cell phone based intermediary
Do-it-a ti mismo llenar-in formas (a través de Internet?) Do-it-yourself fill-in forms (via Internet?)
Ejemplos Examples
What is it
Aprenda de el proceso de la vivienda informal
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
DEBEMOS SOCIO CON LA ENERGÍA INFORMAL!
WE SHOULD PARTNER WITH THE INFORMAL ENERGY!
Learn from the informal housing process
!
Vivienda incremental formal es la institucionalización
- Un sinóptico - del proceso de vivienda informal dinámico
Formal Incremental housing is the institutionalization
– a mimic – of the dynamic informal housing process
!
Tanto0la0vivienda0y0asentamientos0son0una0proceso0gradual0
Both0housing0and0seZlement0are0an00incremental00process0
Tanto!la!vivienda!y!asentamientos!son!una!proceso!gradual!
Three0seZlement0stages:0spread,0infill,0densifica,on0
Una política de vivienda INCREMENTAL INTEGRADO aborda los desafíos velocidad y la escala y proporciona oportunidades de
vivienda asequible An INTEGRATED INCREMENTAL HOUSING POLICY addresses the SPEED AND SCALE
challenges and provides affordable housing opportunities
!• Formal0incremental0PROGRAMS0offer!rapid,!large>scale!
housing!op7ons!
– Large!project!basis!or!city>wide!program!suppor7ng!informal!builders!
– Effec7ve!proac7ve!strategy!!!!
Centrarse en NUEVO PARADIGMA EN VIVIENDA: La convergencia hacia el informal
�Old�0Inclusion0
Formal!
From:#
�New�0Inclusion0
Informal!
To:,
Focus on NEW PARADIGM IN HOUSING: A convergence toward the informal
• ‘Site#and#Services’!projects!!widely!supported!by!development!community!since!70s!• El!Salvador!became!!the!early!model!!worldwide!
La experiencia de América Latina con la estrategia INCREMENTAL FORMAL SIEMPRE QUE EL MODELO DE
DESARROLLO GLOBAL The Latin American EXPERIENCE WITH FORMAL INCREMENTAL STRATEGY PROVIDED THE GLOBAL
DEVELOPMENT MODEL
The#start#
Baseline!Road!Project!Colombo,!Sri!Lanka!
La,experiencia,demuestra,que,funciona!,Experience,shows,it,works!,
Starter#
La!Presita!Project!San!Salvador,!El!Salvador!
Early!Site!and!Services!Bangkok,!Thailand!
Starter#
Starter#
Starter#
THE CONTINUUM OF BASIC OPTIONS AND TRADEOFFS!
HERRAMIENTAS para el diseñador INCREMENTAL
TOOLS for the INCREMENTAL DESIGNER
Q3: ¿Qué las lecciones de los constructores informales que el diseñador incremental
puede utilizar para desarrollar proyectos?
Q3: What the lessons/tools from the informal builders that the incremental designer can use to develop projects??
HERRAMIENTAS0PARA0EL0DISEÑADOR0
TOOLS0FOR0THE0DESIGNER0
ESTABLISH SUPPORTING POLICIES
��3URPRWH�JRRG�TXDOLW\��VDIH�FRQVWUXFWLRQ��)DFLOLWDWH�SURFHVV�WR�VSHHG�GHYHORSPHQW��6WUHQJWKHQ�FRPPXQLW\��$VVXUH�EDVLF�VHUYLFHV
CONSIDER GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
CAPACITY
��0RUH�FRPSOH[�PHDVXUHV��0RUH�DELOLW\�WR�FRQWURO�DQG��GLUHFW��/HVV�UHOLDQFH�RQ�RXWVLGH����DVVLVWDQFH��)RUPDO�GRPLQDWHV
��/HVV�DELOLW\�WR�FRQWURO�����DQG�GLUHFW��0RUH�UHOLDQFH�RQ���RXWVLGH�LQLWLDWLYHV��,QIRUPDO�GRPLQDWHV
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Selección de Intervención de inicio Selecting Starting Intervention
Also: !•!Stage!of!Development!•!Economic!strength!•!Image!concerns!•!Special!loca7ons!•!(Higher!profit?)!
•0More0complete!=!Higher!livability!=!more!star7ng!support!=!higher!cost!=!less!affordable!=#excludes#more#poor#####(subsidy??)#
Consider implications !
Consider capacity of government
!
Considere0de0la0capacidad0del0gobierno0 Considere0las0implicaciones0
Posibles0puntos0de0entrada0Possible0Entry0Points0•0More0complete0•0Higher0livability0•0More0star,ng0support0•0Higher0cost0
Lot0+!u7lity!
connec7on!op7ons!
U,lity0Core0Kitchen!
Roof0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Single0Room0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Shell0
Small0House0
Mul,]story0Infill0!
•0Capacity0of0ci,es0•0Stage0of0Development0•0Economic0strength0•0Image0concerns0•0Special0loca,ons0•0(Higher0profit?)0
Parcela0+0Conexiones0de0servicios0públicos0
U,lidad0Core0+0cocina0
Techo0U,lidades0+0Cocina0
Habitación0Individual0U,lidades0+0Cocina0
Cáscara0
Pequeña0casa0
Relleno0de0varios0pisos0
¿Qué0'comienza'0parece?0What0do0‘starters’0look0like?0
U,lity0Core0+0Kitchen0
Roof+U,li,es+Kitchen0
Single0Room0
Shell0
Small0House0
Mul,]story0!
•0More0complete0•0More0star,ng0support0•0Higher0cost0!
•0Capacity0of0ci,es0•0Stage0of0Development0•0Economic0strength0•0Image0concerns0•0Special0loca,ons0•0(High0profit?)0
Single0Room0
P4: ¿Cuáles son las opciones en el diseño de un núcleo de arranque? Q4: What are the options in designing a starter core?
HERRAMIENTAS,PARA,EL,DISEÑADOR,TOOLS,FOR,THE,DESIGNER,
HIGH0
LOW0
HOUSING0TYPE0
? Consider##Physical!control!Vs!Regulatory!control!Which#more#powerful?#At#lower#levels#physical#more#powerful?#
Control0vs0Flexibilidad0–0Tradeoff0Control0vs0Flexibility0–0Tradeoff0
Lot0+!u7lity!
connec7on!op7ons!
U,lity0Core0+!Kitchen!
Roof0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Small0Room0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Shell0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
0
Small0House0
Mul,]story0!
BASIC0MOVE0IN0where0some0shelter0is0needed0immediately0MOVIMIENTO0BÁSICO0donde0se0necesita0un0poco0de0refugio0inmediatamente0
INSTANT0POPULATION00Supports00shops,0services0POBLACIÓN0AL0INSTANTE0Apoya0,endas,0servicios..0
QUÉ0usar0CUANDO?0WHAT0to0use0WHEN?00
TYPE I
TYPE II
TYPE III
'MoveBin',Compensaciones,‘MoveBin’,Tradeoffs0
Lot0+!u7lity!
connec7on!op7ons!
U,lity0Core0+!Kitchen!
Roof0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Small0Room0U7li7es!+!Kitchen!
Shell0
Small0House0
Mul,]story0!
REQUIERE0considerable0esfuerzo0E0INVERSIÓN0REQUIRES0CONSIDERABLE0EFFORT0AND0INVESTMENT0to0Move]in0
VIABILIDAD0INICIAL0MARGINAL0MARGINAL0INITIAL0LIVABILITY00but0ready0to0Move]in0
FUTURO0FLEXIBILIDAD0FUTURE0FLEXIBILITY0But0ready0to00Move]In0
TYPE II
TYPE I
TYPE III
Control y Tradeoff Expansión
Control And Expansion Tradeoff
TIPO0III0MENOS0CRÍTICA0TYPE0III0LESS0CRITICAL!since!liRle!expansion!an7cipated,!but!affects!appropriateness!of!op7on!–!in!Type!III!the!designer!is!dominant!and!suits!his!wishes!!
TYPE II
TYPE II
TYPE I TIPO0I0Y0TIPO0II0MÁS0CRÍTICOS0TYPE0I0AND0TYPE0II0MOST0CRITICAL0since!owner>builder!will!expand!–!liRle/no!direct!control!possible!of!what!is!built!
UTILIDADES0un0elemento0clave0costo0no0se0puede0separar0de0la0unidad0UTILITIES0a0key0cost0element0cannot0be0separated0from0unit0
Communal0Services0
Individual0Services0
Mul,]story0construc,on0
At0lower0entry0points,0the0infrastructure0costs0are0cri,cal0cost0items0
As0more0structure0is0provided,0the0house0costs0begin0to0dominate0
La0estructura0de0entrada0proporcionada0no0se0puede0separar0de0los0costos0de0infraestructura0The0entry0structure0provided0cannot0be0separated0from0infrastructure0costs0
$$$$$0
$$$0
$0
Es0el0proceso0de0desarrollo?0Tan0simple0como010]20]3?0
Is0the0development0process SIMPLE AS 1 -2 -3 ?
HERRAMIENTAS,PARA,EL,DISEÑADOR,TOOLS,FOR,THE,DESIGNER,
Establish a FRAME for development
1 Get Ready
COMPLETE FRAMELots, roadways, public facilities areasReady to move in!
MAIN ORGANIZING ELEMENTSNeighborhood clusters, roadways, public facilities areaReady to move in by groups of families.
MAIN STREET GRID AS FRAMERoadways, public facilities areaReady with development protocol.
FRAME OPTIONS Prepararse'Establecer0un0marco0para0el0Desarrollo0
El Marco Espacial Crítica? El marco espacial es el elemento crítico
The Spatial Frame is the critical element
LA0RED0TERRITORIAL0ES0LA0CLAVE0DETERMINADA0POR0LOS0COSTOS0DE0DESARROLLO0THE0SPATIAL0GRID0IS0THE0KEY0DETERMINATE0FOR0DEVELOPMENT0COSTS0Street!paRern!defines!all!linear!network!costs:!Water,#Sewerage,#Electricity,#Street#lights,#Drainage,#Roads#And#conGnues#to#dictate#maintenance#requirements.##THE0PHYSICAL0LAYOUT00IS0VERY0DIFFICULT0TO0CHANGE,0if0ever0!
La0relación0espacial0básica0The0basic0spa,al0rela,onship0
STREETS0ARE0THE0KEY0!=!ac7vity!!! !=!!desirability!!! ! !=!!land!values!! ! ! !=!design!response!
Cinco0opciones0fundamentales0para0expansión0Five0Basic0Choices0for0Expansion0
Nhà00Houses0
0rất0nhiều0Lots0đường0phố0Streets0cơ0sở0hạ0tầng00Infrastructure0
Pubic0Space,0School,0etc.!!
√
√
√
√
√
O
√
√
√
√
O
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Standard0Project0
(Govt0or0Dev)0
Targeted0Core0Starter0Houses0 Lots0part0
Of0Cluster0Group0
Large0Cluster0Parcels0
Solicit0Proposals0
%!
Staged0
Staged0 Staged0
%0Reserved0
Staged0
Staged0
%0Reserved0
Main0Only0
Core0Unit0Strategy0(Govt)0
Cluster0Units0Strategy0(Govt)0
(intermediaries)0
Staged0Streets0(Govt)0
(intermediary0Developers)0
“Dirt0Road0Grid”0
Houses0
Lots0
Streets0
Infrastructure0
Pubic0Space,0School,0etc.!
Q5: Pregunta: ¿Qué es lo mínimo que una ciudad debe hacer
para guiar y controlar el crecimiento efectivo?
Q5: Key Question: What is the LEAST that a city should do
to guide and control effective growth?
HERRAMIENTAS,PARA,EL,DISEÑADOR,TOOLS,FOR,THE,DESIGNER,
Staged0Streets0(Govt)0
Core0Unit0Strategy0(Govt)0
%!
Network0Easements0
%!
Pregunta:0¿Qué0es0lo0mínimo0que0una0ciudad0debe0hacer0para0guiar0y0controlar0el0crecimiento0efec,vo?0
Key0Ques,on:0What,is,the,LEAST,that0a0city0should0do00to0guide0and0control0effec,ve0growth?!
Standard0Project0
(Govt0or0Dev)0
Lot,Pa`ern,
Street,Pa`ern,
Cluster0Groups0Strategy0(Govt)d0
"Ruta de la Red Dirt"? Pre-planeada
Servidumbre Network “Dirt Road Grid”
Pre-planned Network Easement
%!
•0Secures0land0for0main0road0network0and0trunk0infrastructure0•0Designates0land0for0public0facili,es0=0Assures0future0availability0of0land0for0city0expansion0
•!Requires0large0scale0interven,on0to!minimize!specula7on,!define!main!road!network!and!assure!affordable!land!prices!for!the!low!income.!•!Nego7ate!with0Intermediaries0for0produc,on0and0retailing0of0houses:!public>private!partnerships,!community0groups,0etc.0•0Expand0city0limits0if0needed0to0for0tax0income.000•0Urban/rural0defini,on?00(same!framework?!•!Regula,ons00barrier?00What!would!construc7on!rules!look!like?!!In!general,!how!balance!flexibility/energy!of!individual!self>builders!vs!city!desire!for!direc,on?0•0Frameworks0provide0guide0for!development!simplifying!control!•0Clear0right]of]ways0to!signal!reserved!area!!
Implementa,on0–0some0issues0Supermanzana!
Shlomo!Angel!>!Grid!
Serie de 'supermanzanas'? Se base para la red de rejilla? En la
expansión ordenada de la ciudad Series of ‘Superblocks’
becomes base for grid network in orderly city expansion
Algunas ciudades tienen un marco de
"automático"? ¿Son divisiones de riego perfecto? Some cities have an ‘automatic’ frame
Are irrigation divisions perfect? (¿Esto existe en México?)
Cairo,0Egypt0 Bangkok,0Thailand0
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Cairo:2.5x enlarged
600 - 800 m
Medición0Frame0Efficiency0Network0Measuring0Frame0Network0Efficiency00
Calle0longitud0/0área0servida0índice0de0clave0Street0length/area0served0key0index.00
m/Ha0
STREET0LENGTH:004400m0AREA:00160Ha.00(400m0x0400m)0
4400/160=02750m/Ha00
STREET0LENGTH:003200m0AREA:00160Ha.00(400m0x0400m)0
3200/160=02000m/Ha00
Supermanzana#
Provide a Starter COREStarter
Core
Initial Buildout
Success!
It keeps growing!
A COMMUNITY WITH VARIOUS CORE HOUSE OPTIONS
Alistémonos'Proporcionar0un0núcleo0de0arranque0
Q6:¿Cuál es el mínimo para la construcción? Q6: What is minimum to construct?
HERRAMIENTAS,PARA,EL,DISEÑADOR,TOOLS,FOR,THE,DESIGNER,
A: Concéntrese en lo que las familias tienden a no hacer Focus0on0what0families0tend0not0to0do0• Some!form!of!sanita7on!(family#and#community#health)#
• Minimum!a!pit!latrine!
#!
B: Concéntrese en las cosas que le dan las familias inicio inmediato Focus0on0things0that0give0families0immediate0start0(security,#health)#• Wall!around!lot!
(security,#also#provides#wall#on#which#to#start#house)#
• Starter!core!+!u7li7es!
Whatever you put on the lot – whether utility connection or core unit – it will influence/compromise the expansion of the future house.
BENEFITS
To the City:Q Provides quicker opportunities for shelterQ Mitigates impact on resource demandsQ� Aids facilities planning and development of city
To the Family:Q More affordableQ��0RUH�ÁH[LEOH�LQ�H[SDQVLRQ�to meet individual needsQ Can move in immediatelyQ��Provides immediate securityQ Can use local skills and PDWHULDOV�WR�H[SDQG
To the Community:Q Provides immediate identityQ��'HÀQHV�VWUHHW�DQG�neighborhood
Shell House + LotComplete house without interior walls: Ready to move in!
Starter Core House + LotRoom+minimum kitchen/toiletReady to move in! (Recommended!)
Floor Slab, Party Walls + LotRequires building of makeshift shelter before moving in
Lot OnlyRequires building of makeshift shelter before moving in
Peripheral LotsHigher value properties sold at market rate to cross-subsidize core houses.Delayed sale increases value.
Water, sanitation services provided through a variety of communal and individual options
OUen#the#best#balance?#
BENEFITS
To the City:Q Provides quicker opportunities for shelterQ Mitigates impact on resource demandsQ� Aids facilities planning and development of city
To the Family:Q More affordableQ��0RUH�ÁH[LEOH�LQ�H[SDQVLRQ�to meet individual needsQ Can move in immediatelyQ��Provides immediate securityQ Can use local skills and PDWHULDOV�WR�H[SDQG
To the Community:Q Provides immediate identityQ��'HÀQHV�VWUHHW�DQG�neighborhood
Starter Core House + LotRoom+minimum kitchen/toiletReady to move in! (Recommended!)
Bene$icios)
“Shoe0+0Socks”0“Calzado0+0Calce,nes”0
Q7: ¿QUÉ usar CUANDO Ubicación Conectado con el tamaño del lote, Starter Tipo? Q7: WHAT to use WHEN? Location Linked to Lot Sizing, Starter Type
HERRAMIENTAS,PARA,EL,DISEÑADOR,TOOLS,FOR,THE,DESIGNER,
WHAT to use WHEN? Location Linked to Lot Sizing, Starter Type
Note:#Width#of#road#a#good#indicator#of#acGvity,#hence#investment.##Wider#roads:#> Usually#paved#to#accommodate#traffic#> Usually#locaGon#of#main#uGlity#lines#(water,#
sewer,#electricity),#street#lights#
A
B
What!is!the!an7cipated!ac,vity!level?!
What!kind!of!uses0would!you!an7cipate?!
What!is!the!response!in!the!physical!plan?!(Lot!size,!Entry!Unit)!
C
D
E
What!are!the!rela7ve!land0values?0
What0kind0of0starter0core0house0would0be0appropriate?0
¿Qué tipo (I-II-III) de utilizar CUANDO? Uso 'núcleo inicial' como herramienta de diseño
WHAT type (I-II-III) to use WHEN? Using ‘starter core’ as design tool
–!Which!supports0facili,es0quickly?!!!– Which!reinforces,0consolidates0sense!of!community?!
– Which!provides!iden,ty!quickly?!– Which0provides0a0good0‘image’?0
– Which0aZracts0investment?00(Where!do!you!want!it!to!occur?)!
– Which!allows!cross]subsidy?!– Which!parallels0market0demand?!
Que!apoya!a!las!instalaciones!rápidamente?!!Que!fortalezca,!consolida!el!sen7do!de!comunidad?!Que!proporciona!iden7dad!rápidamente?!Que!proporciona!una!buena!"imagen"?!!¿Qué!atrae!a!la!inversión?!(¿Dónde!quieres!que!ocurra?)!Que!permite!a!los!subsidios!cruzados?!Que!es!paralelo!a!la!demanda!del!mercado?!
SUPPORT the process
BUILD A GROWING !DIVERSE !COMMUNITY!
Help it Grow Apoyar0el0proceso0de0
Ayudarla'a'crecer'
RESUMEN – SUMMARY
Resumen – Summary
Incremental0offers:0• More0basic0shelters0
• Lower0cost0• Quicker0response0• A0viable0PROACTIVE,strategy!
• Relies0on0proven0energy0of0informal0owners0
Incremental0ofrece:0•!refugios!más!básicos!•!Bajo!costo!•!Respuesta!más!rápida!•!Una!estrategia!PROACTIVA!viable!•!Se!basa!en!la!energía!probada!de!propietarios!informales!
Quizás ideal para la Reconstrucción de Desastres? ?
• Necesita!una!respuesta!rápida!• Necesidad!de!intervención!a!gran!escala!• El!dinero!está!disponible!....!• !!!!!!!!Construir,!unidades!pequeñas,!de!bajo!costo!de!arranque!rápido!
Reflections – Reflexiones • TRUST0THE0PEOPLE!0• Focus/learn0from0what0people0do0as0basis0for0– Policies0– New0ideas0– Standards0
• Support0the0informal0incremental0process0
• Develop0a0‘Good0SquaZer’0philosophy!0
0“Do,not,squat,–,but,if,you,do,,do,it,right!”,
•0CONFÍA0EN0LA0GENTE!0•0Enfoque0/0aprender0de0lo0que0la0gente0hace0de0base0para0
0]0Polí,cas00 0]0Nuevas0ideas0
0]0Normas00•0Apoyar0el0proceso0gradual0informal0•0Desarrollar0una0filosoFa0de0'Good0ocupante’!00,"No,en,cuclillas,B,pero,si,lo,
haces,,hazlo,bien!",
¿Qué estrategia de usar? ¿Cuándo es cada más adecuado?
Which strategy to use? When is each most appropriate?
Para!más!información:!For!further!informa7on:!
!
!Incremental,Housing;,Surveys,web.mit.edu/incrementalhousing0!
SlopeBsmart,City,hZp://www.lulu.com/shop/search.ep?keyWords=slope]smart+city&sorter=relevance]desc0
!
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