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Vítor Farinha, Paulo Caseiro, Clara Santos, João Paulo Figueiredo, Jorge Conde Óbidos, Novembro 2013
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Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

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Page 2: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

A Síndrome de Apneia do Sono (SAS) está imensamente subdiagnosticada;

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um distúrbio metabólico de prevalência elevada;

Diversos estudos relacionam o binómio SAS ↔ DM na

população de meia – idade;

Poucas evidências destas relações na 3ª idade;

Page 3: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Presença de uma elevada prevalência de SAS em diabéticos idosos;

Os indivíduos com SAS apresentam valores de glicemia

em jejum mais elevados comparativamente com os sem SAS;

A sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) é um sintoma frequente em idosos diabéticos com SAS;

A hipertensão arterial (HTA) é um fator de risco frequente e preditivo de SAS;

Page 4: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Duração do estudo:

Questionário;

Escala de Epworth;

Polissonografia classe III;

Medição de glicemia em Jejum.

Pertencentes ao Lar ;

Idade superior a 60 anos,

Diagnósticos de DM;

Sem SAS documentada .

Setembro de 2012 a Julho de 2013;

Métodos de Investigação:

Critérios de Inclusão:

IAH com cutpoint de 15 eventos/hora

Page 5: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Género, características antropométricas e cardiorrespiratórias:

Sim

(SAS)

Não

(SAS)

Total

Género (N masculino) [N feminino]

Características Antropométricas

6 [7]

4 [4]

10 [11]

Idade, anos 75 75 75

IMC, kg/m2 28,2 28,6 28,4

Perímetro pescoço, cm 41,4 42,5 41,8

Características Cardiorrespiratórias

IAH global, ev/h 30,2 11,1 23,0

Saturação de O2 média, % 93,6 93,8 93,7

Tempo com saturação de O2 <90%, %

Saturação mínima, %

Percentagem de roncopatia, %

9,7

74,2

19,8

4,0

82,7

7,1

7,6

77,5

14,4

p-value>0,05

Page 6: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Medidas metabólicas e Sintomas noturnos e diurnos de SAS

Sim

(SAS)

Não

(SAS)

Total

Medidas Metabólicas

Glicemia em jejum, mg/dL

145,0

152,4

147,8

Sintomas Diurnos de SAS

Escala de Epworth

Cefaleias (N Sim) [N Não]

8,9

5 [8]

4,4

2 [6]

7,1

7 (14)

Sintomas Nocturnos de SAS

Ressonar (N Sim) [N Não]

7 [6]

4 [4]

11 [10]

Paragens respiratórias (N Sim) [N Não] 3 [10] 0 [8] 3 [18]

Nictúria (N Sim) [N Não] 11 [2] 7 [1] 18 [3]

Secura da boca (N Sim) [N Não]

Salivação excessiva (N Sim) [N Não]

6 [7]

1 [12]

3 [5]

1[7]

9 [12]

2 [19]

p-value=0,020*

*t-student para amostras independentes

Page 7: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

61,9% 38,1%

Prevalência de SAS

Presença de SAS

Ausência de SAS

Prevalência de SAS

75%

25%

Prevalência de SAS em idosos hipertensos

Presença deSAS

Ausência deSAS

Prevalência ↑ nos hipertensos de forma expressiva

** X2 da independencia – Teste exacto de Fisher

p-value=0,047**

Page 8: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Sintomas diurnos

Idosos com SDE revelaram ter de forma expressiva a presença de SAS

** X2 da independencia – Teste exacto de Fisher

33%

67%

Escala de Epworth

Com SDE

Sem SDE

p-value=0,015**

Page 9: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

NS: Não Significativo

‡ Coeficiente de Correlação Linear de Pearson.

Correlações com Glicemia em Jejum

Glicemia em

jejum

IAH NS

SaO2 média NS

Saturação mínima NS

Saturação de O2 <90% NS

Roncopatia ,017 (,513‡)

IMC ,043 (,383‡)

ESE NS

Quanto maior a percentagem de

Roncopatia maior os valores de

Glicemia em Jejum

Page 10: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

NS: Não Significativo;

∞ t-Student para amostras independentes

Avaliação do padrão de associação da Glicemia

Glicemia Média p-value

IAH (ev/h) Hiperglicemia 23,8 NS

Normal 21,8

SaO2 média (%)

Hiperglicemia

93,6

NS

Normal 93,7

Roncopatia

(%)

Hiperglicemia

20,6

NS

Normal 7,4

ESE

Hiperglicemia

8,6

,041∞

Normal 5,2

IMC (kg/m2)

Hiperglicemia

29,2

NS

Normal 27,2

Maiores valores médios de

Roncopatia quando apresenta

Hiperglicemia.

Page 11: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Prevalência de SAS de 61,9% em idosos diabéticos e 75% em idosos hipertensos.

Young et al obteve prevalências entre 19-21% para esta faixa etária numa população em geral.

Lam e a sua equipa obtiveram uma prevalência de 17% ao estudar indivíduos diabéticos de meia idade. A hipertensão revelou-se um fator preditivo de SAS.

Page 12: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Não se revelaram como

parâmetros preditivos de

SAS

Género

† IMC

¥ Perímetro Pescoço

¥ Idade

Sintomas Noturnos

de SAS

¥Glicemia em Jejum

Corroboram: ¥-Lam et al. (2010); †- Fredheim et al. (2011);

Page 13: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

A sonolência diurna excessiva revelou ser

preditiva de SAS nestas idades

Resultados expectáveis, referidos por diversos

autores (Coughlin, 2004), porém para uma

população mais jovem

Page 14: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

O menor controlo da DM poderá estar relacionada

com uma prevalência aumentada do ressonar

Joo e a sua equipa revelaram alterações

significativas nas medições de glicemia

efectuadas à 1ª e 2ª hora ao comparar indivíduos

que ressonam com indivíduos que não

ressonam.

Page 15: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Elevada prevalência de SAS nos diabéticos idosos que agravou em hipertensos;

Os indivíduos com menor controlo da DM apresentaram uma prevalência de roncopatia aumentada;

Nestas idades, pareceu-nos que a SAS poderá ser independente das características intrínsecas do indivíduos, exceptuando a SDE e HTA;

Page 16: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

Para desta forma… Aumentar a qualidade de vida e diminuir

efeitos adversos a longo prazo.

Page 17: Óbidos, Novembro 2013 - Cardiologia Santarém · Is sleep apnea an independent risk factor for prevalent ... The severety of obstrutive sleep apnoeia is associated with insuline

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