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Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Dec 13, 2015

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Anthony Hardy
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Page 1: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 2: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Page 3: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

The basic principle, as simply as possible

Page 4: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

1866 – Pierre Lallement invents the Velocipede

A historical perspective

Page 5: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Angular momentumL = m v r

Key facts

Page 6: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Importance of acting like a cyclist

Page 7: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101The seven steps of the bicycle method

1. Determine the direction you wish to go

2. Determine whether there is a paved surface

3. Point the bicycle in the proper direction

4. Pedal furiously

5. Determine how far you have moved

6. Determine what change in direction is required

7. Call a cab

Easily learned steps of the method

Page 8: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Page 9: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

???

Page 10: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Page 11: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101

Page 12: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Bicycle 101Science 101

Page 13: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Science 101

Page 14: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Science 101

Page 15: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

The Lives of the Scientist

Page 16: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

The Lives of the Scientist

Page 17: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Science 101Our role

Page 18: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Science 101Our role

Page 19: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

But once you learn it…

it's yours for life

A process,...

not a body of facts

Science 101Our role

Page 20: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 21: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 22: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 23: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 24: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 25: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Importance of visualization in science

Page 26: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Importance of visualization in science

Page 27: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

Page 28: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

Page 29: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 30: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 31: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

High Energy State

Visualizing Energy

(cheap refrigerator

magnet)

Low Energy State

Page 32: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

High Energy State

Visualizing Energy

(cheap refrigerator

magnet)

Low Energy State

Page 33: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 34: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 35: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

High Energy State

Visualizing Energy

Low Energy State

Page 36: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

High Energy State

Visualizing Energy

Low Energy State

Page 37: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

Page 38: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 39: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Energy

High Energy State

Low Energy State

What are the components?

…for other forms of energy?

Page 40: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical EnergyLife: The play of water

Water: The play of oxygen

HH

O

H2O

Eight electrons

Page 41: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical EnergyLife: The play of water

Water: The play of oxygen

HH

O

H2O

-++

Low Energy State

Eight electrons

Page 42: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical Energy

HH

O

H2O

-++

Low Energy State

O2

H2 H2

High Energy State

Page 43: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical Energy

HH

O

H2O

-++

Low Energy State

O2

H2 H2

High Energy State

Page 44: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical Energy

HH

O

H2O

-++

Low Energy State

O2

High Energy State

Page 45: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Chemical Energy

HH

O

H2O

-++

Low Energy State

O2

High Energy State

H2 H2

Page 46: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

Page 47: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

Low Energy State

How can light be put to work?*

Page 48: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

Page 49: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

http://www.bsharp.org/physics/swings

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Page 50: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

http://www.bsharp.org/physics/swings

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

0 0 0

Page 51: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.
Page 52: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Distance from you

Force on swing

Push at same frequency

Transfer of energy through resonance...if frequencies match

Time

Page 53: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Distance from you

Force on swing

Force on swing

Force on swing

Push at same frequency

Push at twice frequency

Push at half frequency

Page 54: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Press silentlyBang then let go

Transfer of energy through resonance...if frequencies match

Page 55: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Infrared(low frequency,

low energy)

(high frequency,

high energy)

Ultraviolet

Transfer of energy through resonance...if frequencies match

Page 56: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Transfer of energy through resonance...if frequencies match

Which color light will be absorbed (put to use)?

Chlorophyll

Page 57: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing PhotosynthesisSympathetic vibration - resonance

Transfer of energy through resonance...if frequencies match

Which color light will be absorbed (put to use)?

Carotenoids

Page 58: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Low Energy State

Visualizing Photosynthesis

Page 59: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 60: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

High Energy State

Low Energy State

Page 61: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

High Energy State

Low Energy State CO2

Glucose

Fate of glucose?

Page 62: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

High Energy State

Low Energy State Fate of chlorophyll?

HH

O

H2O

-++

Not as Low Energy State

Page 63: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

High Energy State

Low Energy State Fate of chlorophyll?

HH

O

H2O

-++

Not as Low Energy State

O2

Page 64: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Photosynthesis

Page 65: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Visualizing Human Photosynthesis

Page 66: Bicycle 101 The basic principle, as simply as possible.

Jeff ElhaiCenter for the Study of Biological Complexity

Virginia Commonwealth University

[email protected]://www.people.vcu.edu/~elhaij

804-828-0794