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BIBLIOGRAPHY I. UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Imperial War Cabinet Minutes, November-December 1918, P.RO. Cab. 23/42. Cabinet Conclusions, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/g-Cab. 23/31. Conferences of Ministers, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/35-Cab. 23/39. Imperial Conference Minutes, June-July 1921, P.RO. Cab. 32/2/1, Cab. 32/2/2. Foreign Office, German Press Comments on Mr Winston Churchill's (8 June I9zI) Speech at Manchester, 14 June 1921, P.RO. F.O. 371/5972, C. 12929/416/18. 2. PRINTED SOURCES i. Parliamentary Papers Cmd. 52 (Army) : Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing in Germany, December I9I8-March I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 54 (Army): Furtner Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing in Germany, April I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 818 (Army): The Evacuation 01 North Russia, I9I9 (1920). Cmd. 1325 (Miscellaneous No. 15): Protocols and Correspondence between the Supreme Council and the Conlerence 01 Ambassadors and the German Government and the German Peace Delegation between IO January I9z0 and I7 July I9z0 respecting the Execution 01 the Treaty 01 Versailles 01 z8 June I9I9 (1921). Cmd. 2169 (France No. I): Papers Respecting Negotiations lor an Anglo-French Pact (1924). Otlicial Report, Parliamentary Debates: House 01 Commons. Fifth Series, 1918- 1922. ii. Collections 01 Documents Documents on British Foreign Policy I9I9-I939, First Series, volumes II, III, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIV, XV, XVI (London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1948- 68). France, Ministere des affaires etrangeres, Documents relatils aux reparations, volumes I, II (Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-24). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Paris Peace Conlerence, volumes I, III, IV, VI, IX, XI (Washington, 1942-47). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Russia (Washington, 1937). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9ZI, volume II (Washington, 1936).
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Page 1: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Springer978-94-010-2035-0/1.pdf · BIBLIOGRAPHY I. UNPUBLISHED ... Aetivities I9I4-I9I9, The Tyeasuyy and Veysailles ... Forees in Russia in 1919," Russian Review,

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. UNPUBLISHED SOURCES

Imperial War Cabinet Minutes, November-December 1918, P.RO. Cab. 23/42. Cabinet Conclusions, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/g-Cab. 23/31. Conferences of Ministers, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/35-Cab. 23/39. Imperial Conference Minutes, June-July 1921, P.RO. Cab. 32/2/1, Cab. 32/2/2. Foreign Office, German Press Comments on Mr Winston Churchill's (8 June I9zI)

Speech at Manchester, 14 June 1921, P.RO. F.O. 371/5972, C. 12929/416/18.

2. PRINTED SOURCES

i. Parliamentary Papers Cmd. 52 (Army) : Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing

in Germany, December I9I8-March I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 54 (Army): Furtner Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions

Prevailing in Germany, April I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 818 (Army): The Evacuation 01 North Russia, I9I9 (1920). Cmd. 1325 (Miscellaneous No. 15): Protocols and Correspondence between the

Supreme Council and the Conlerence 01 Ambassadors and the German Government and the German Peace Delegation between IO January I9z0 and I7 July I9z0 respecting the Execution 01 the Treaty 01 Versailles 01 z8 June I9I9 (1921).

Cmd. 2169 (France No. I): Papers Respecting Negotiations lor an Anglo-French Pact (1924).

Otlicial Report, Parliamentary Debates: House 01 Commons. Fifth Series, 1918-1922.

ii. Collections 01 Documents Documents on British Foreign Policy I9I9-I939, First Series, volumes II, III,

VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIV, XV, XVI (London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1948-68).

France, Ministere des affaires etrangeres, Documents relatils aux reparations, volumes I, II (Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-24).

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Paris Peace Conlerence, volumes I, III, IV, VI, IX, XI (Washington, 1942-47).

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Russia (Washington, 1937).

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9ZI, volume II (Washington, 1936).

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182 BIBLIOGRAPHY

iii. Peysonal Papers JOHNSON, Elizabeth (ed.), The Colleeted Wyitings 01 lohn MaynaYd Keynes, XVI:

Aetivities I9I4-I9I9, The Tyeasuyy and Veysailles (London, Maemillan: St Martin's Press for the Royal Eeonomie Society, 1971).

SWORAKOWSKI, Witold S., "AChurehilI Letter in Support of the anti-Bolshevist Forees in Russia in 1919," Russian Review, 28 (January 1969), pp. 77-82.

3. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

Blackwoods Magazine. Libeyal Magazine, XXVII-XXVIII (February 1919-January 1921). M anehestey GuaYdian. The Nation. N ew Statesman. Speetatoy. The Times.

4. BOOKS AND ARTICLES BY WINSTON CHURCHILL

i. Bibliogyaphy WOODS, Frederiek, A Bibliogyaphy 01 the WOYks 01 SiY Winston Chuyehill (Toron­

to, 1963).

ii. Books CHURCHILL, Winston S., Gyeat Contempoyayies (London, Readers' UnionjButter­

worth, 1939). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Maylboyough, His Lile and Times (London, 1947;

reissue in two volumes). CHURCHILL, Winston S., My EaYly Lite: a Roving Commission (London, Reprint

Soeiety, 1944; first published 1930). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Savyola (London, Beaeon Books, 1967; first published

in serial form, 1897). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Thougkts and Adventuyes (London, 1932). CHURCHILL, Winston S., The Woyld CYisis I9II-I9I8, volumes I-IV (London,

Odhams, n.d., [1950]). This is the Odhams, four volume red-cloth edition with a new prefaee, prepared in November 1938 for apre-war reissue, but not in faet reissued until 1950. (Woods, op. eit., p. 46).

CHURCHILL, Winston S., Tke WOYld CYisis, V: The Atteymatk (London, Thornton Butterworth, 1929).

iii. Aytieles (arranged in ehronologieal order) CHURCHILL, Winston S., "Britain's Foreign Poliey," Weekly Dispateh, 22 June

1919. CHURCHILL, Winston S., "Our Armaments after the War," Weekly Dispateh, 29

June 1919. CHURCHILL, Winston S., "Have We Done with Germany?," Illustyated Sunday

Heyald, 23 November 1919. CHURCHILL, Winston S., "Will Ameriea Fail Us?," Illustyated Sunday Heyald,

30 November 1919. CHURCHILL, Winston S., "The Red Fever," Illustyated Sunday Heyald, 25

January 1920.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHURCHILL, Winston S., "Monarchy versus Autocracy," Illustrated Sunday Herald, I February 1920.

CHURCHILL, Winston S., "The Poison Peril from the East," Evening News (London), 28 July 1920.

CHURCHILL, Winston S., "The Dangers Ahead in Europe," Weekly Dispatch, 15 June 1924.

5. OFFICIAL BIOGRAPHY ANO OOCUMENTARY VOLUMES

CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, I: Youth I874-I900 (London, 1966).

CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume I: parts i, ii (London, 1967).

CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, II: Young Statesman I90I-I9I4 (London, 1967).

CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume II: parts i, ii, iii (London 1969).

GILBERT, Martin, Winston S. Churchill, III: I9I4-I9I6 (London, 1971). GILBERT, Martin, Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume III: parts i, ii

(London, 1972).

6. OIARIES, MEMOIRS, BIOGRAPHIES

AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), The Decline and Fall 01 Lloyd George (London, 1963).

AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Men and Power I9I7-I9I8 (London, 1956).

AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Politicians and the Press (London, n.d., [?I925]).

AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Politicians and the War (London, 1960; reissue in one volume).

AMERY, L. S., My Political Lile, I: England Belore the Storm I896-I9I4 (London, 1953)·

AMERY, L. S., My Political Lile, II: War and Peace I9I4-I929 (London, 1953). ASQUITH, H. H., Memoires and Rellections, volume II (London, 1928). BLAKE, Robert, The Unknown Prime Minister: the Lile and Times 01 Andrew

Bonar Law I858-I923 (London, 1955). BONHAM CARTER, Violet, Winston Churchill as I Knew Him (London, Reprint

Society, 1966). BRETT, Maurice V. & Oliver S. (eds), Journals and Letters 01 Reginald, Viscount

Esher, volume IV (London, 1938). BUTLER, J. R. M., Lord Lothian (Philip Kerr) (London, 1960). CECIL, Robert (Viscount Cecil of Chelwood), A Great Experiment (London, 1941). CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Lord Derby: King 01 Lancashire (New York, 1960). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,

I: From Spa (I920) to Rapallo (I922) (London, 1929). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,

II: The Years 01 Crisis June I922-December I923 (London, 1929). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,

III: The Years 01 Recovery January I924-October I926 (London, 1930). EADE, Charles (ed.), Churchill by his Contemporaries (London, Reprint Society,

1955)·

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

GILBERT, Martin (ed.), Churchill [Great Lives Observed Series] (Englewood Cliffs, N.]., 1967).

GOUGH, General Sir Hubert, Memoirs: Soldiering On (London, 1954). HANKEY, Maurice, The SuP1'eme Control at the Paris Peace Conlerence (London,

1963). HARROD, R. F., Lile 01 lohn Maynard Keynes (London ,1951). IONES, Thomas, Lloyd George, (Cambridge, Mass., 1951). ] ONES, Thomas, Whitehall Diary, volumes I, 11 ed. K. Middlemas (London,

1969). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, Essays in Biography (London, Mercury Books, 1961). LLOYD GEORGE, David, Truth ahout the Peace Treaties, volume I (London, 1938). LLOYD GEORGE, David, Tmth about Reparations and War Debts (London, 1932). LOUCHEUR, Louis, Carnets Secrets I908-I93z ed. Jacques de Launay (Brussels,

1962). MACKENZIE, Compton, My Lile and Times, Octave 5: I9I5-23 (London, 1966). MOSLEY, Leonard, Curzon: The End 01 an Epoch (London, 1960). MURRAY, GILBERT, From the League to U.N. (Oxford, 1948). OBSERVER, The, An OBSERVER Appreciation: Churchill by his Contemporaries

(London, 1965). OWEN, Frank, Tempestuous ]ourney: Lloyd George His Lile and Times (London,

1954)· POUND, Reginald & HARMSWORTH, Geoffrey, Northclitte (London, 1959). RATHENAU, Walther, Tagebuch, I907-I92Z ed. Harmut Pogge-von Strandmann

(Düsseldorf, 1967). RIDDELL, George A., (Ist Baron), Lord Riddell's Intimate Diary 01 the Peace

Conlerence and Alter, I9I8-I923 (New York, 1934). SEYMOUR, Charles (ed.), The Intimate Papers 01 Colonel House, volume IV

(London, 1928). SNOW, C. P., Variety 01 Men (London, 1967). STEVENSON, Frances, Lloyd George: a Diary, ed. A. J. P. Taylor (London, 1971). SUAREZ, Georges, Briand: Sa vie - son oeuvre, 5: L' artisan de la paix I9I8-I923

(Paris, 1941). VANSITTART, Robert Gilbert, The Mist Procession (London, 1958). WALEY, S. D., Edwin Montagu: a Memoir and an Account 01 his Visits to India

(London, 1964). WILSON, Sir Charles (Lord Moran), Winston Churchill: the struggle 101' survival,

I94o-I96S (London, 1966). WILSON, Trevor (ed.), The Political Diaries 01 C. P. Scott, I9II-I9z8 (London,

197°)' WRENCH, John Evelyn, Geottrey Dawson and Our Times (London, 1955).

7. SECONDARY SOURCES

i. Books ASHLEY, Maurice, Churchill as Historian (London, 1968). BARDENS, Dennis, Churchill in Parliament (London, 1967). BERLIN, Isaiah, MI' Churchill in I940 (London, lohn Murray, 1964). BROAD, Lewis, Winston Churchill, I: The Years 01 Preparation (London, 1963). BUTLER, David & FREEMAN, Jennie, British Political Facts I900-I967 (London,

1968; 2nd edition). CARR, E. H., German-Soviet Relations between the Two World Wars, I9I9-I939

(New York, Harper Torchbook, 1966). CHESTER, D. N. (ed.), The Organization 0/ Britisn Central Gov8rnment, I9I4-I9S6

(London, 1968; 2nd edition).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY I8S

CZERNIN, Ferdinand, Ve .. sailles, I9I9: the Fo .. ces, Events and Pe .. sonalities that Shaped the T .. eaty (New York, 1964).

EHRMAN, lohn, Cabinet Gove .. nment and Wa .. , I890-I940 (Cambridge, 1958). EYCK, Erich, A History 01 the Weima .. Republic, volume I (New York, Wiley

Science Editions, 1967). ELCOCK, Howard, Po .. t .. ait 01 aDecision: the Council 01 Fou .. and the T .. eaty 01

Ve .. sailles (London, 1972). FELIX, David, Walthe .. Rathenau and the Weima .. Republic: the Politics 01 Repa-

.. ations (Baltimore, 1971). GILBERT, Martin, The Roots 01 Appeasement (London, 1966). GRAINGER, J. H., Cha .. acte .. and Style in English Politics (Cambridge, 1969). GRAUBARD, Stephen Richards, B .. itish Labou .. and the Russian Revolution, I9I7-

I924 (Cambridge, Mass., 1956). GRAUBARD, Stephen Richards, Bu .. ke, Dis .. aeli and Chu .. chill: the politics 01

pe .. seve .. ance (Cambridge, Mass., 1961). GULICK, Edward Vose, Eu .. ope's Classical Balance 01 Powe .. (New York, W. W.

Norton, 1967). HIGGINS, Trumbull, Winston Chu .. chill and the Da .. danelles (London, 1963). HYAM, Ronald, Eigin and Chu .. chill at the Colonial Otfice, I905-I908: Wate .. shed

01 the Empi .. e Commonwealth (London, 1968). lAMEs, Robert Rhodes, Chu .. chill: A Study in Failu .. e, I90o-I939 (London, 1970). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, The Economic Consequences 01 the Peace (New York,

1920). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, Essays in Pe .. suasion (New York, W. W. Norton, 1963;

reissue of the 1931 edition). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, ARevision 01 the T .. eaty (London, 1922). KOMARNICKI, Titus, Rebi .. th 01 the Polish Republic (London, 1957). LINK, Arthur S., Wilson the Diplomatist (Baitimore, 1957). MCCALLUM, R. B., Public Opinion and the Last Peace (London, 1944)' MACKINTOSH, lohn P. The B .. itish Cabinet (London, 1968; 2nd edition). MANTOUX, Etienne, The Ca .. thaginian Peace, 0 .. the Economic Consequences 01

M .. Keynes (London, 1946). MAYER, Arno J., Politics and Diplomacy 01 Peacemaking: Containment and

Counte .... evolution at Ve .. sailles, I9I8-I9I9 (London, 1968). MEDLICOTT, W. N., B .. itish Fo .. eign Policy Since Ve .. sailles, I9I9-I963 (London,

1968; 2nd edition). MEDLICOTT, W. N., Contempora .. y England, I9I4-I964 (London, 1967). NAMIER, Lewis, Facing East: Essays on Ge .. many, the Balkans, and Russia in the

Twentieth Centu .. y (New York, Harper Torchbook, 1966). NELSON, Harold 1. Land and Powe .. : B .. itish and Allied Policy on Germany's

Frontiers, I9I6-I9I9 (London/Toronto, 1963). NICOLSON, Harold, Cu .. zon, the Last Phase I9I9-I925 (London, 1934). NICOLSON, Harold, Diplomacy (London, 1963; 3rd edition). NICOLSON, Harold, Peacemaking I9I9 (London, 1964; reprint of the 1943 revised

edition). Roos, Hans, A History 01 Modern Poland (London, 1966). SCHLESINGER, Arthur M. lnr., The Bitter Heritage: Vietnam and American

Democracy, I94I-I966 (London, 1967), Chapter 7: "The Inscrutability of History."

SCHMIDT, Royal J., Ve .. sailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed 01 World War II (The Hague, 1968).

TAYLOR, A. J. P., et al., Churchill: Four Faces and the Man (London, 1969). TAYLOR, A. J. P., English History I9I4-I945 (Oxford, 1965).

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TAYLOR, A. ]. P., The Troublemakers: Dissent over Foreign Policy I79z-I939 (London, 1957).

THOMPSON, John M., Russia, Bolshevism and the Versailles Peace (Princeton, 1966).

TOYNBEE, Arnold ]., Survey 01 International Attairs I9zo-I9z3 (London, British Institute of International Affairs, 1927).

ULLMAN, Richard H., Anglo-Soviet Relations, I9I7-I9zI: I, Intervention and the War (PrincetonjLondon, 1961).

ULLMAN, Richard H., Anglo-Soviet Relations, I9I7-I9zI: II, Britain and the Russian Civil War (PrincetonjLondon, 1968).

WALTERS, F. P., A History 01 the League 01 Nations (London, 1960; reissue in one volume).

WANDYCZ, Piotr S., France and Her Eastern Allies I9I9-I9z5 (Minneapolis, 1962).

WELLS, H. G., Men Like Gods (New York, 1923). WHEELER-BENNETT, John W. (ed.), Action This Day: Working with Churchill

(London, 1968). WHEELER-BENNETT, John W., The Nemesis 01 Power: the German Army in

Politics, I9I8-I945 (London, 1964; 2nd edition). WILSON, Trevor, The Downlall 01 the Liberal Party, I9I4-I935 (London, Fontana

Books, 1968). WOLFERS, Arnold, Britain and France between Two Wars (New York, W. W.

Norton, 1966; reissue of the 1940 edition). YOUNG, Kenneth, Churchill and Beaverbrook: a study in friendship and politics

(London, 1966).

ii. Articles CAMPBELL, F. Gregory, "The Struggle for Upper Silesia, 1919-1922," journal 01

Modern History, 42 (September 1970), pp. 361-385. CHURCHILL, Randolph S., "Biography Travestied," Spectator, 17-24 May 1963,

pp. 630-1, 664-5. DAVIES, Norman, "Lloyd George and Poland, 1919-20," journal 01 Contemporary

History, 6 (1971), pp. 132-154. ELCOCK, H. J., "Britain and the Russo-Polish Frontier, 1919-21," The Historical

journal, XII (1969), pp. 137-154. Fox, John P., "Britain and the Inter-Allied Military Commission of Control,

1925-6," journal 01 Contemporary History, 4 (April 1969), pp. 143-164. GLENNY, M. V., "The Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement, March 1921," journal 01

Contemporary History, 5 (1970), pp. 63-82. MACFARLANE, L. J., "Hands Off Russia: British Labour and the Russo-Polish

War, 1920," Past and Present, No. 38 (December 1967), pp. 126-157. MAGEE, Bryan, "Churchill's Novel," Encounter, XXV (October 1965), pp. 45-51. MORGAN, Kenneth 0., "Lloyd George's Premiership: A Study in 'Prime Minis­

terial Government,'" The Historical journal, XIII (1970), pp. 130-157. NORTHEDGE, F. S., "1917-1919: The Implications for Britain," journal 01

Contemporary History, 3 (October 1968), pp. 191-209. REES, Goronwy, "After the Ball was Over - On Winston Churchill," Encounter,

XXV (November 1965), pp. 3-9. RODMAN, Barbee-Sue, "Britain Debates Justice: an Analysis of the Reparations

Issue of 1918," journal 01 British Studies, VIII (November 1968), pp. 140-154. SINGER, J. David, "Popular Diplomacy and Policy Effectiveness: a Note on the Mechanisms and Consequences," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 12

(July 1970), pp. 320-326.

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INDEX

Aitken, Sir William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook): quoted, xiii, 150n; de­lineates WSC's attitude to trying the Kaiser, 17; on WSC's relations with the press, II2.

Alby, General: on feasibility of interven­tion in Russia, 80.

Aldwych Club: WSC addresses on Bolshe­vik threat to Germany (II April 1919), 34-37,38,54,88-92,97,105-106.

American Luncheon Club: WSC addresses on Anglo-American relations (4 July 1918),26.

American Society (London) : WSC addres­ses on peacemaking (16 January 1919), 26,59·

Amery, L. S.: quoted, 47; on WSC's pa­triotism, 4; plan for formation of a "Middle Europe", 45-46.

Asquith, Herbert Henry (Ist Earl of Ox­ford and Asquith): defects as a war leader, xv; believes WSC "thinks with his mouth", Iln.

Attlee, Clement (Ist Earl): recalls WSC's concern with the verdict of history, xin.

Balance of power: LG's adherence to, 63-65,104; WSC's adherence to, 44, 88-89, 179-80; WSC seeks its re-establish­ment by defeat of Russian Bolshevism, 48, 56- 66, 74-78.

Balfour, Arthur J ames (ISt Earl) : attitude to France, 3In, I40n; and intetvention against Bolshevism, 67, 81; genesis of "BaUour Note" (July 1922), 177n.

Bauer, Gustav: readiness to implement Versailles Treaty, 129, 130.

Beaverbrook, Ist Baron: see Aitken, Sir

William Maxwell. Benes, Eduard: discussion with WSC on

intervention in Russia, 94. Berlin, Isaiah: characterizes WSC as back-

wardlooking, 15-16. "Black Dog" [WSC's depression]: xi. Btackwood' s Magazine: quoted, xiiin, xvi. Boer War (1899-1902): WSC's response to

German request for an armistice based on principles evolved during, 3-4, 7; and indemnity, 14; WSC's objection to British occupation, 25; WSC calls for a moderate peace, 44n.

Bolshevism: WSC's view of, 72-74, 84, 95. Bonham Carter, Violet: first meeting with

WSC (1906), ix; on WSC's loyalty and affection for LG, 18.

Borden, Sir Robert: on trying Kaiser, 18. Bradbury, Sir J ohn: represents Britain on

Reparations Commission, 13I. Brett, Reginald Baliol (2nd Viscount

Esher) : on WSC's limited outlook, I In. Briand, Aristide: plans to occupy the

Ruhr, 145, 146, 148-49, 152-53, 155, 162; on Upper Silesian question, 157-58, 165-66; approves Russian trading syndicate, 171, 172; at Cannes Confe­rence (January 1922),173-75.

British Empire Delegation (Paris Peace Conference) : WSC tells of "serious diffi­culties of military occupation", 24-25; on German reply to draft Treaty, 38, 39; supports WSC's anti-Bolshevik po­licy (17 February 1919). 80.

British Weekty: attacks WSC's Russian policy, II2.

Cecil, Lord Robert (Ist Viscount Cecil of

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r88 INDEX

Chelwood): hostility to WSC, xiv-xv, 46n; on WSC's Russia policy, 70.

Chamberlain, Sir Austen: on Anglo­French relations, 31n, 139, 153-54, 162-63; and end of aid to anti-Bolshe­viks, 97--98n; and German reparations, 131, 149·

Churchill, Clementine (WSC's wife): WSC's letters to, 10.

Churchill, lohn (Ist Duke of Marlbo­rough): 3, 96, 135n; WSC's admiration for, xii; WSC's biography in Whig tra­dition, xiin; disregard of party, xiii; and limited warfare, 74-75; as model for WSC's balance of power statecraft, 77-78.

Churchill, lohn Winston Spencer- (7th Duke of Marlborough): as Lord Presi­dent of the Council, xii.

Churchill, Lady Randolph (WSC's moth­er): takes little interest in young WSC, ix; WSC tells of German army ma­noeuvres, 9-10.

Churchill, Lord Randolph Henry Spencer­(WSC's father): takes little interest in young WSC, ix-x; as Chancellor of Ex­chequer under Salisbury, xii.

Churchill, Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer (WSC's son): determines to make his father "his own biographer" , 6-7n.

Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer: Characteristics

lack of self-esteem, ix-x; fear of failure, xi; subject to intense depression, x-xi, xin; impetuosity, xv-xvi; desire for public recognition, xi; pride in family tradition, xi-xii, 74-75, 77-78; strong patriotic instinct, xii-xiii, 15, 25-26, 38n, 43-44, 51-52, 70, 77-78, 87n, 154, 164-65, 171-72, 177-78, 178-80; re­sents attacks on his public policy, 112; strong personalloyalties, 18, 107; obli­vious to party loyalties, xiii-xiv, xiiin, 15-16, 113-14, 135; lacks sense of pro­portion, xv, 95--96, 96n, loon, 135-36; influence of emotional and rhetorical pressures on his decisions, IIn, 11-12, 30-31, 70, 72, 73, 88, 95, 107-108, 110-11, 135-36, 176; makes decisions in terms of stereotypes, 10-12, 37-38, 58-60, 89; adherence to long since for­mulated principles and guidelines, 3-4,

6n,7,12-16,24-25,44n,48,50,55,56-57, 66, 70, 74-75, 76n, 77-78, 87n, 88-89, 118, 127-28, 150-51, 166, 167-68, 176-78; ability to make predictions dis­cussed, 12, 73-74, 94--95, 98n, 98-102, 124-25, 125n.

Attitudes France: sympathy with, 22, 27-31, 53-54;

need for security against Germany, 27-31, 56-58, 61-65, 136-40, 157, 158- 61, 162-65, 166, 173-75; seeks to maintain personal envoy in, 141n; speaks on re­lations with, at Imperial Conference (1921), 162-65, 166.

Germany: regards request for armistice as manoeuvre, 1-3, 7-8; condemns Pre­sident Wilson's conduct of armistice ne­gotiations, 4-7, 8--9; distrusts Provi­sional Govemment, 20-22, 23-24; mis­conceptions about German politics, 9-12, 20-22, 36-37, 58-61, 135; respon­sibility for war crimes, 12-13; on try­ing Kaiser, 16-18; advocates Hohen­zollem restoration, 19-20; futility of of disarmament as a safeguard, 25-26; calls for reparation and indemnity, 13-15, 50-53; minimizes effects of inflation on middle classes, 54-55; supports French proposal for Rhineland buffer state, 28-31; opposed to long-term military occupation, 23-25, 31, 32-33; on effects of blockade, 25, 31-37; dis­trusts 'socialist' govemments of, 37-38, 58-59; danger of Bolshevist anarchy in, 35-36, 58, 81-82; risk of conjunction with Russia, 22-23, 58-59, 60-61, 65-66,82-83,96-106,114-15,118,123-25; German militarism less dangerous than Bolshevism, 89; proposes participation in anti-Bolshevik operations, 88--90, 105-111; as a barrier against Bolshev­ism, 83-84, 90--92, 118-23; need for Anglo-French alliance against, 136-40, 157, 158-61, 162-65, 166, 173-75; and General Staff's scheme for reconstruc­tion of, 122-23, 127-32, 134, 143, 144-45; seeks to limit disarmament restrie­tions on, 122-23, 127-34; claim to Up­per Silesia, 62, 158-59, 165-66; defines role of British ambassador in, 135-37; shares LG's hopes for a negotiated sett­lement of issues arising out of Versailles Treaty, 142, 143-45; challenges LG's

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use of sanctions, 150-51, 153-56; c1ash­es with Chamberlain over Franco-Bel­gian ultimatum, 153-54; aims to moder­ate reparation demands, 146-47, 151-53; endorses LG's priority for recon­struction of trade and finance, 167-68; and genesis of "Balfour Note" (July 1922), 177-78.

Great Britain: future relations with Ame­rica predicted, 25-27, 51-53; European role defined by, xü-xiii, 15, 25-26, 27-28, 38n, 43-44, 51-52, 56-57,65-66, 70, 74-78,87n, 154, 177-78, 179-80.

Poland: defines role in chec1ring Russo­German conjunction, 60-62, 100-106, 114-15, 118, 123-25; as "lynch-pin" of Versailles, 61-63; newspaper artic1e about, 119-21.

Russia: role in maintaining balance of po­wer, 56-57, 74-78; romaticized view of, 72; spread of Bolshevism in, 72-74; be­lieves Bolshevism can only be checked with force, 83, 107-109, 110-12; advo­cates British intervention in, 57-58, 66-78, 84-92; seeks intervention by joint Allied contingents, 79-81, 83; aims to co-ordinate anti-Bolshevik ope­rations, 93-95, 97, 97-98n; aims to forestall end of British aid, 102-106; repudiates direct commitment to anti­Bolsheviks, 111-12, 114, 115-16, 117; opposition to trading agreement with, 114n; considers a trading consortium premature, 169, 171-72, 176.

Versailles, Treaty of: on failure to conc1ude preliminary treaty, 39-43; tempers criticism of LG's role, 43-44; proposes new European super-structure as sub­stitute for balance of power, 44-48; blames President Wilson for shortcom­ings of, 42, 48-49, 49n; on financial pro­visions of, 49-55.

view ofhistory, xi-xün, 5-6,12,19-20; in­terest in foreign policy, xvi; exaggerates value of conference diplomacy, 41-42; resents LG's personal diplomacy, 137-38, 140-42, 151-52; and League of Na­tions, 44-49; reactions to press cri­ticism, 112-14; and "Centre" party, 135; seeks all-round cancellation of war debts, 51-53, 168-69, 176-78; calls for international conference on finance, 169.

speeches by: 1-3,4,7-8, 12-16, 18,21-22,

23-24, 26, 32-34, 34-37, 38, 54, 59, 81, 83-84,88-92,96-97,105-106,106-108, 111-12, 135, 160-61, 167-68, 169.

Writings newspaper articles by: 17-18, 19-20, 26-

27,38n, 44-47,48,61, 106, 110-11, 118-20, 121, 124n.

GYeat Contemporaries (1939): quoted, 11-12,19,20.

My Early Life: a roving commission (1930) : quoted, 38n.

Savrola (novel, 1897-98): as source for study of WSC's attitudes, x-xin; pro­jects adverse "socialist" stereotype, 37-38.

World Crisis, The (1923-27): quoted, xivn, 4, 5-6, 7n, 11.

World Crisis, V: The Aftermath (1929): quoted, xii, 5, 12, 13, 16-17, 18, 20, 23, 32, 39, 42-43, 47, 49, 51, 54-55, 62, 69, 72-73, 111, 121-22.

Clemenceau, Georges: attitudes to Ger­many, 20, 21, 105; supports WSC's plan for an anti-Bolshevist crusade (February 1919), 80; on Bolshevist threat to Germany, 82, 103; discusses French disengagement from Russia with WSC, 103.

Clynes, J. R. : believes WSC plans renewed intervention in Russia, I 19-120.

Colville, Sir John: disputes Lord Moran's conc1usions on impact of depression on WSC's behaviour, xin.

Curzon, George Nathaniel (Ist Marquess Curzon of Kedleston): in LG's War Cabinet, In; opposes French proposal for Rhineland buffer-state, 28-31; hostility towards France, 29, 140n; on Anglo­French relations, 158-63; opposes rais­ing naval blockade of Germany, 35,40; and German disarmament, 145; endors­es coercion of Germany, 149, 153-54; and Reparations Commission, 13In; ap­points Viscount D' Abernon ambassa­dor to Germany, 136; considers his pre­rogative usurped by WSC, 128, 160-61; supports LG's stand against interven­tion in Russia, 71, 76n, 93; on effects of Russo-German conjunction, 99, 100-101; opposes recognition of Russia, 171; fails to resolve Upper Silesian dispute, 161, 165-66.

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D'Abemon, Edgar Vincent (Viscount D' Abemon) : appointed British am­bassador to Germany, 136; on German disarmament, 144-45; lenient approach to reparations, 147, 153, 177.

Daily Herald: charges WSC with decep­tion and demands his impeachment, II6-17·

Dardane1les (Turkey): WSC's plan for operations against, xv-xvi.

Dawson, Geoffrey: implicates WSC in Ulster "pogrom", xivn.

Denikin, General Anton I vanovich: com­mands Russian anti-Bolshevik opera­tions, 57n, 85, 93, 94--95, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109n, IIO; WSC plans to join him as an extraordinary envoy, 135-36, 136 n.

Derby, 17th Earl of: see Stanley, Edward George Villiers.

Disraeli, Benjamin: WSC's grandfather serves under, xii.

Dundee, WSC's constituency: speeches at, (November 1918), 12-16, 18, (May 1919),96--97, (February 1920), III-12, II4-15, II 7, (September 1921), 167, 169; hostility of constituency Liberal Association towards WSC, 113-15.

Ebert, Friedrich : as provisional president ofGermany, 37.

Einwohnerwehr: time for disarmament ex­tended, 143-44.

Elcock, Howard J.: interpretation dis­cussed, 6n, 31n.

Esher, 2nd Viscount: see Brett, Reginald Baliol.

Evening News (London): WSC article on Poland (28 July 1920), 61, II8-20, 121.

Fehrenbach, Konstantin : makes repara­tion offer, 155.

Fisher, H. A. L.: on Germany's need of Russian markets, 99.

Foch, MarshaI Ferdinand: and German armistice, 8; WSC opposes his proposal for permanent occupation of Rhineland, 24, 31; plan for Rhineland buffer-state, 28-31; WSC questions on Bolshevik menace, 109-1 II ; and German disar­mament,145,149·

"Fontainebleau Memorandum" (by LG, March 1919): cited, 62, 64, 65, 82, 106,

107.

Foreign Office (Great Britain): 40, 132; WSC's ability to master its memoranda, xvi; distrusted by WSC, 41; uses same analogy as WSC to predict Russo-Ger­man conjunction, 100--101; General Staff seizes initiative from, 128.

Gajda, General Rudolf: and co-ordination of Russian anti-Bolshevists, 93.

Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey) : WSC's plan for its capture, xv-xvi.

General Staff (Great Britain): and anti­Bolshevik operations, 85-88, 93--94; prepares paper on German situation (5 February 1920), 122-23, 127-34, 143, 144,145·

Gessler, Otto: and German disarmament, 143·

Golovin, General (White Russian agent): alleged conversations with WSC re­ported, II6-17.

Goltz, General Rudiger Graf von der-: WSC alarmed by his penetration of Baltic States, 101, 105.

Gough, General Sir Hubert: on WSC's as­sessments of the anti-Bolshevists' po­sition, 95.

Grey, Sir Edward: rebukes WSC for dabbling in foreign affairs, 10.

Hankey, Sir Maurice: WSC writes to, on Dardanelles (June 1915), xvi; recalls WSC's meeting with Supreme Council (February 1919), 80; Tom Jones writes to, II9.

Hardinge, Charles (Ist Baron Hardinge of Penshurst) : and Upper Silesian dispute, 165n; Poincare tells that he attaches "no importance whatever" to Anglo­French guarantee, 175.

Harrod, Sir R. F.: criticism of Peace Conference, 50.

Henderson, Arthur: in LG's War Cabinet, In.

Hohenzollems: resoration advocated by WSC, 19.

House, Edward M.: endorses propsals for a preliminary peace, 4In; on absence of European balance of power, 63-64; and intervention in Russia, 80-81.

Hughes, W. M.: tauntsCurzon over Anglo­French guarantee, 163.

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Illustt'ated Sunday Het'ald: WSC artic1e on Kaiser (February 19Z0), 17-18, 19-Z0; WSC article on Anglo-American rela­tions (November 1919), z6--z7, 48; WSC artic1e on Germany (November 1919), 38n, 106; WSC artic1e on Bolshevism (January 19zo), uo-u.

Inter-Allied Military Commission of Con­trol: WSC and LG oppose its existence, 143-45·

Ironside, Major-General Edmund: plans to take offensive in Russia, 85-86, 93.

Isaacs, Sir Rufus (Ist Earl of Reading): Amery writes to about League of Na­tions, 45.

jaspar, Henri: drafts ultimatum on repa­ration, 148-49, 153, 155.

] olly Geot'ge, SS: dockers refuse to load with munitions for Poland, I 17.

jones, Thomas: on WSC's "Poison Peril" artic1e, U9.

jusserand, j ules : delivers French me­morandum on peace conference organi­zation to U.S., 40-41, 43.

Kalisch, Treaty of (1813): WSC uses ana­logy with to predict future Russo-Ger­man relations, 100-101.

Kerr, Philip: advises LG of WSC's plan for an anti-Bolshevik crusade, 80-81; role in foreign policy making, lz6, 141-42 .

Keynes, johnMaynard: onLG, 15; charg­es President Wilson with hypocrisy, 16; proposes Central European tariff union, 46n; obsessed with primacy of econom­ic issues over frontiers and sovereign­ties, 50; on feasibility of an independent Poland, 62; plan for rehabilitation of European credit, 168-69.

Kolchak, Admiral Alexander : commands White Russian army in Siberia, 85, 93-94,102.

Kotlas (North Russia): WSC plans ope­rations against, 93-94.

Lansing, Robert: opposes further Allied intervention in Russia, 80.

Law, Andrew Bonar: In, 130; contempt for WSC, xiii, xiii-xivn; c1ashes with WSC over occupation of Germany, 24; WSC wins his support for a "final pack-

et" of supplies for Russia, 98n; on munition supplies to Poland, II7; hos­tility to France, 14on; approves sanc­tions against Germany, 149.

League of Nations: LG's plan to exc1ude Holland from, 16; WSC's attitudes to­wards, 44-49; WSC believes Russia must join, 61; Upper Silesian dispute referred to, 165n, 165-66.

Lenin, V. 1.: WSC's view of, 17-18, 72, 98n; utilized by German military, 22-z3, 88, 100; seeks c10ser ties with Ger­many, 124-25.

Long, Walter (Ist Viscount): opposes WSC's plan to raise blockade of Ger­many, 35, 40; at conference on Bolshe­vism, 108.

Liebknecht, Kar!: in Scheidemann's Cabi­net, zoo

Lloyd George, David: xiin, xvi, In, 5, 18, 21; a masterful pragmatist, 15,43, 49n, 51; his personal control of foreign af­fairs, lz6--z7, 136--38, 141-42, 157, 16z-63; his conduct of peace negotiations assessed by WSC, 43-44, 50-52; his ef­forts to moderate draft Versailles Treaty, 44n, 6z-65; seeks to implement Versailles settlement by agreement with Germany, 13Z-34, 142-44, 172-73; de­termines to implement settlement by coercing Germany, 148, 154-56; Bris­tol speech on Germany (December 1918), 13-15; demands trial of Kaiser, 18-19; on German reparation and in­demnity, 14, 50-51, 145-56, 157-58, 168-69,170-72,173-74,175-78 ;onGer man disarmament, 132-33, 138, 142-46; seeks a strong Germany to re-esta­blish balance of power, 63-65, 104; as­signs priority to German situation, 107-108; rejects French proposal for Rhine­land buffer state, 28-30, 31n; contemp­tuous of French need for security, 28-30, 31n, 63-65, 104, 136-40, 159-61;ig­nores French memorandum on peace conference organization, 43; exploits French fears of Bolshevism in Germany, 82; on Germany's need for Russian markets, 99,170-72,176; and danger of Russo-German conjunction, 65-66, 100-101, 106, II9, 123-24; opposes British intervention in Russia, 58, 69-71, 109, I I In; on cost of intervention in Russia,

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69-70,76-77, 96n, 102, IIO; and end of British assistance to the anti-Bolshe­viks, 98n, 102, 103-104, 109-10; sees Russia as a political, not a military threat, IIo-II; and Anglo-Russian trade agreement, II4n; explains shift in WSC's Russia policy, II2; on role of Poland, 62-63, 63n, 103-104, II9-21, 123-24; and Upper Silesian dispute, 157-58, 161, 165n, 165-66; defends WSC's conduct in Russo-Polish war, II9-21.

Loucheur, Louis: WSC writes to, express­sing alarm over Russo-German conjunc­tion, 101-103, 105; as French Repara­tions Minister, 155, 170, 172-73.

Ludendorff, General Erich: and Bolshe­viks, 22; WSC seeks creation of an anti­Ludendorff bloc, 135.

Maclean, Sir Donald: accuses WSC of seeking a new anti-Bolshevik commit­ment, II9.

Manchester Chamber of Commerce: WSC addresses on reparation (June 1921). 160-61, 167-68.

Manchester Guardian: cited, 47n. Mansion House (London) : WSC speaks at,

on Germany (19 February 1919), 23-24, 32-34,81,83-84.

Max, Prince of Baden: in German Pro­visional Government, 21.

Millerand, Alexandre: clashes with LG over conference procedure, 120-21, 134, 137; attitude to German disarmament, 132-33, 143; and conference diplomacy, 137-38; opposition to Briand's moder­ate German policy, 173-74.

Milner, Alfred (Ist Baron) : at War Office, In, 21.

Mond, Sir Alfred: on Cabinet reparaions committee, 151.

Montagu, Edwin: criticizes LG's German policy, 150-51, 153, 155.

Moran, Ist Baron: see Wilson, Sir Charles. Morning Post: WSC dispatch to (March

1900),3. Murray, Gilbert: on League of Nations,

47·

Natal Witness: WSC letter to, on peace­making (March 1900), 3, 44n.

Nation, The: accuses WSC of "criminal

misjudgment", II3, II5-17. Nicolson, Harold: quoted, 20, 36; on !i­

mitations of conference diplomacy, 42. Nollet, General: and Inter-Allied Military

Commission of Control, 143-44, 145. Noske, Gustav: as German Defence Mi­

nister, 20, 129.

Oxford and Asquith, Ist Earl of: see As­quith, Herbert Henry.

Oxford Union: WSC speaks at, on Russia, 112.

Pilsudski, Marshai J.: leads Polish army against Bolsheviks, 123.

Poincare, Raymond: succeeds Briand, 174; impact on relations with Britain and Germany, 174-6.

Prinkipo Conference: WSC urges its abandonment, 79-80.

Rathenau, Walther: and German fulfil­ment policy, 170, 173.

Reparations Commission : role of British representatives on, 50, 131.

Rhineland: WSC urges limitation of AI­lied occupation, 23, 24-25, 32-33, 44n; WSC supports French plans for a buf­fer-state, 28-31.

Riddell, George A. (Ist Baron): talks to LG about Russia, 108n, 110, II2; re­counts conversation with WSC about LG's personal diplomacy, 141-42.

Riga, Treatyof (1921): Russiaand Poland conclude, 124.

Royal Military College, Sandhurst : WSC attends, x.

Royal Navy: WSC regards as safeguard of British greatness, 12, 164; WSC be­lieves League of Nations no substitute, 46.

Ruhr: Germany seeks to keep additional troops in, 132-33; France threatens oc­cupationof (1920-21),137,143-46,148-51,152-56.

Satow, Sir Ernest: prepares handbook on peacemaking, 40.

Scheidemann, Philipp: forms first Wei­marGovernment, 20, 23-24, 37.

Schleicher, Major Kurt von: initiates Russo-German military talks, 125.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jnr: on WSC's

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use of historical analogy, 125n. Scott, C. P.: conversation with WSC on

journalism, 47-48n; on WSC's ability to make prophecies, 98n.

Simons, Dr Walter: makes offers on repa­ration, II9, 147, 149·

Smith, Fredrick Edwin (Ist Viscount Birkenhead): advocates trial of Kaiser, 18.

Smuts, General J. C.: shares WSC's mis­givings on German surrender, 21; urges Britain to stand quite independent of France, 161-64, 166.

South Africa: WSC's objection to military occupation of (1901),25.

Spears, Brigadier-General E. L.: WSC seeks to maintain as a personal envoy in Britain's Paris embassy, 141.

Spectator, The: sees WSC as a "great pro­jector", 179.

Stafford House (London) : WSC on, 38n. Stanley, Edward George Villiers (17th

Earl of Derby): critical of WSC on role of Spears mission, 14m; seeks Anglo­French alliance, 160.

Stevens on, Frances: advises LG against attacking Briand, 158.

Stinnes, Hugo: arouses Allied hostility over reparation, 146, 170.

Storr, Anthony: endorses Lord Moran's conclusions on WSC's depression, xin.

Strand Magazine: WSC article on ex­Kaiser (November 1930), 19-20.

Sunderland: WSC speaks on Russo-Ger­man problem to Coalition rally at (3 January 1920), 37,106-108, III, 1I7.

Ten Year Rule: WSC fails to implement, 96n; application considered by Cabinet, 127.

Thomas, J. H. : believes WSC plans renew­ed intervention in Russia, 119.

Times, The: quoted, xiii-xivn, xv, 14-15, 121; supports intervention in Russia, 71, 87, 106; attacks WSC's "Poison Peril" article, 119.

Ullman, Richard H.: quoted, 67; inter­pretations discussed, 86-87n, 98-99.

Ulster: WSC accused of planning to coerce xivn.

Upper Silesia: WSC and LG demand ple-

biscite to determine ownership, 62-63; LG fails to resolve dispute over, 157-58, 161, 165-66.

Vansittart, Robert Gilbert: opmlOn of Viscount D'Abernon's abilities, 136.

Vienna, Congress of (1814-15): WSC sees as high point of balance of power state­craft,74-75·

Weekly Dispatch: WSC articles on Bri­tish foreign policy (June 1919), 44-47, (June 1924), 124n.

Westminster Gazette: WSC letter in sup­port of Boer patriots (1901), 4.

Wiesbaden Agreement (1921): France negotiates without British consent, 172.

William 11, German Kaiser: xii, 9-10, II3; War Cabinet proposes to bring to trial, 16-18; WSC's attitude ambivalent, 16-20; restoration of grandson advocated by WSC, 19-20.

Wilson, Sir Chades (Ist Baron Moran): on role of depressive element in WSC's makeup, xin; notes WCS's hopes for a "crowned,Weimar", 19.

Wilson, General Sir Henry (British C.I.G.S.): 81, 94, 108n, 128; shares WSC's misgivings on German surrender, 2 I; suggests demilitarization of Rhine­land, 29-31; reviews British interven­tion in Russia (December 1919), 77; re­commends British withdrawal from Russia, 86.

Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (American Pre­sident) : xi-xiin, 29, 43; begins armistice negotiations, I; conduct of negotiations attacked by WSC, 4-6; hatred and dis­trust of Germany, 6n; and Fourteen Points, 8, 9n; rejects French memoran­dum on peace conference organization, 41-43; WSC attacks for failure to ma­ximize his influence, 42; WSC's critique of his role in making Versailles Treaty, 48-49; opposes Allied intervention in Russia, 80; and cancellation of war debts, 52, 168-69.

Wirth, J oseph: and German fulfilment policy, 156, 170, 173.

Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming: as mem­ber of Cabinet reparations committee, 151, 152, 153, 155·