BIBLIOGRAPHY I. UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Imperial War Cabinet Minutes, November-December 1918, P.RO. Cab. 23/42. Cabinet Conclusions, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/g-Cab. 23/31. Conferences of Ministers, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/35-Cab. 23/39. Imperial Conference Minutes, June-July 1921, P.RO. Cab. 32/2/1, Cab. 32/2/2. Foreign Office, German Press Comments on Mr Winston Churchill's (8 June I9zI) Speech at Manchester, 14 June 1921, P.RO. F.O. 371/5972, C. 12929/416/18. 2. PRINTED SOURCES i. Parliamentary Papers Cmd. 52 (Army) : Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing in Germany, December I9I8-March I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 54 (Army): Furtner Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing in Germany, April I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 818 (Army): The Evacuation 01 North Russia, I9I9 (1920). Cmd. 1325 (Miscellaneous No. 15): Protocols and Correspondence between the Supreme Council and the Conlerence 01 Ambassadors and the German Government and the German Peace Delegation between IO January I9z0 and I7 July I9z0 respecting the Execution 01 the Treaty 01 Versailles 01 z8 June I9I9 (1921). Cmd. 2169 (France No. I): Papers Respecting Negotiations lor an Anglo-French Pact (1924). Otlicial Report, Parliamentary Debates: House 01 Commons. Fifth Series, 1918- 1922. ii. Collections 01 Documents Documents on British Foreign Policy I9I9-I939, First Series, volumes II, III, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIV, XV, XVI (London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1948- 68). France, Ministere des affaires etrangeres, Documents relatils aux reparations, volumes I, II (Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-24). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Paris Peace Conlerence, volumes I, III, IV, VI, IX, XI (Washington, 1942-47). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Russia (Washington, 1937). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9ZI, volume II (Washington, 1936).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
Imperial War Cabinet Minutes, November-December 1918, P.RO. Cab. 23/42. Cabinet Conclusions, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/g-Cab. 23/31. Conferences of Ministers, 1918-1922, P.RO. Cab. 23/35-Cab. 23/39. Imperial Conference Minutes, June-July 1921, P.RO. Cab. 32/2/1, Cab. 32/2/2. Foreign Office, German Press Comments on Mr Winston Churchill's (8 June I9zI)
Speech at Manchester, 14 June 1921, P.RO. F.O. 371/5972, C. 12929/416/18.
2. PRINTED SOURCES
i. Parliamentary Papers Cmd. 52 (Army) : Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions Prevailing
in Germany, December I9I8-March I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 54 (Army): Furtner Reports by British Otlicers on the Economic Conditions
Prevailing in Germany, April I9I9 (1919). Cmd. 818 (Army): The Evacuation 01 North Russia, I9I9 (1920). Cmd. 1325 (Miscellaneous No. 15): Protocols and Correspondence between the
Supreme Council and the Conlerence 01 Ambassadors and the German Government and the German Peace Delegation between IO January I9z0 and I7 July I9z0 respecting the Execution 01 the Treaty 01 Versailles 01 z8 June I9I9 (1921).
Cmd. 2169 (France No. I): Papers Respecting Negotiations lor an Anglo-French Pact (1924).
Otlicial Report, Parliamentary Debates: House 01 Commons. Fifth Series, 1918-1922.
ii. Collections 01 Documents Documents on British Foreign Policy I9I9-I939, First Series, volumes II, III,
France, Ministere des affaires etrangeres, Documents relatils aux reparations, volumes I, II (Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-24).
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Paris Peace Conlerence, volumes I, III, IV, VI, IX, XI (Washington, 1942-47).
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9I9: Russia (Washington, 1937).
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations 01 the United States, I9ZI, volume II (Washington, 1936).
182 BIBLIOGRAPHY
iii. Peysonal Papers JOHNSON, Elizabeth (ed.), The Colleeted Wyitings 01 lohn MaynaYd Keynes, XVI:
Aetivities I9I4-I9I9, The Tyeasuyy and Veysailles (London, Maemillan: St Martin's Press for the Royal Eeonomie Society, 1971).
SWORAKOWSKI, Witold S., "AChurehilI Letter in Support of the anti-Bolshevist Forees in Russia in 1919," Russian Review, 28 (January 1969), pp. 77-82.
3. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS
Blackwoods Magazine. Libeyal Magazine, XXVII-XXVIII (February 1919-January 1921). M anehestey GuaYdian. The Nation. N ew Statesman. Speetatoy. The Times.
4. BOOKS AND ARTICLES BY WINSTON CHURCHILL
i. Bibliogyaphy WOODS, Frederiek, A Bibliogyaphy 01 the WOYks 01 SiY Winston Chuyehill (Toron
to, 1963).
ii. Books CHURCHILL, Winston S., Gyeat Contempoyayies (London, Readers' UnionjButter
worth, 1939). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Maylboyough, His Lile and Times (London, 1947;
reissue in two volumes). CHURCHILL, Winston S., My EaYly Lite: a Roving Commission (London, Reprint
Soeiety, 1944; first published 1930). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Savyola (London, Beaeon Books, 1967; first published
in serial form, 1897). CHURCHILL, Winston S., Thougkts and Adventuyes (London, 1932). CHURCHILL, Winston S., The Woyld CYisis I9II-I9I8, volumes I-IV (London,
Odhams, n.d., [1950]). This is the Odhams, four volume red-cloth edition with a new prefaee, prepared in November 1938 for apre-war reissue, but not in faet reissued until 1950. (Woods, op. eit., p. 46).
CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume I: parts i, ii (London, 1967).
CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, II: Young Statesman I90I-I9I4 (London, 1967).
CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume II: parts i, ii, iii (London 1969).
GILBERT, Martin, Winston S. Churchill, III: I9I4-I9I6 (London, 1971). GILBERT, Martin, Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume III: parts i, ii
(London, 1972).
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AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Men and Power I9I7-I9I8 (London, 1956).
AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Politicians and the Press (London, n.d., [?I925]).
AITKEN, William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook), Politicians and the War (London, 1960; reissue in one volume).
AMERY, L. S., My Political Lile, I: England Belore the Storm I896-I9I4 (London, 1953)·
AMERY, L. S., My Political Lile, II: War and Peace I9I4-I929 (London, 1953). ASQUITH, H. H., Memoires and Rellections, volume II (London, 1928). BLAKE, Robert, The Unknown Prime Minister: the Lile and Times 01 Andrew
Bonar Law I858-I923 (London, 1955). BONHAM CARTER, Violet, Winston Churchill as I Knew Him (London, Reprint
Society, 1966). BRETT, Maurice V. & Oliver S. (eds), Journals and Letters 01 Reginald, Viscount
Esher, volume IV (London, 1938). BUTLER, J. R. M., Lord Lothian (Philip Kerr) (London, 1960). CECIL, Robert (Viscount Cecil of Chelwood), A Great Experiment (London, 1941). CHURCHILL, Randolph S., Lord Derby: King 01 Lancashire (New York, 1960). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,
I: From Spa (I920) to Rapallo (I922) (London, 1929). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,
II: The Years 01 Crisis June I922-December I923 (London, 1929). O'ABERNON, Edgar Vincent, (Viscount D'Abernon), An Ambassador 01 Peace,
III: The Years 01 Recovery January I924-October I926 (London, 1930). EADE, Charles (ed.), Churchill by his Contemporaries (London, Reprint Society,
GOUGH, General Sir Hubert, Memoirs: Soldiering On (London, 1954). HANKEY, Maurice, The SuP1'eme Control at the Paris Peace Conlerence (London,
1963). HARROD, R. F., Lile 01 lohn Maynard Keynes (London ,1951). IONES, Thomas, Lloyd George, (Cambridge, Mass., 1951). ] ONES, Thomas, Whitehall Diary, volumes I, 11 ed. K. Middlemas (London,
1969). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, Essays in Biography (London, Mercury Books, 1961). LLOYD GEORGE, David, Truth ahout the Peace Treaties, volume I (London, 1938). LLOYD GEORGE, David, Tmth about Reparations and War Debts (London, 1932). LOUCHEUR, Louis, Carnets Secrets I908-I93z ed. Jacques de Launay (Brussels,
1962). MACKENZIE, Compton, My Lile and Times, Octave 5: I9I5-23 (London, 1966). MOSLEY, Leonard, Curzon: The End 01 an Epoch (London, 1960). MURRAY, GILBERT, From the League to U.N. (Oxford, 1948). OBSERVER, The, An OBSERVER Appreciation: Churchill by his Contemporaries
(London, 1965). OWEN, Frank, Tempestuous ]ourney: Lloyd George His Lile and Times (London,
(Düsseldorf, 1967). RIDDELL, George A., (Ist Baron), Lord Riddell's Intimate Diary 01 the Peace
Conlerence and Alter, I9I8-I923 (New York, 1934). SEYMOUR, Charles (ed.), The Intimate Papers 01 Colonel House, volume IV
(London, 1928). SNOW, C. P., Variety 01 Men (London, 1967). STEVENSON, Frances, Lloyd George: a Diary, ed. A. J. P. Taylor (London, 1971). SUAREZ, Georges, Briand: Sa vie - son oeuvre, 5: L' artisan de la paix I9I8-I923
(Paris, 1941). VANSITTART, Robert Gilbert, The Mist Procession (London, 1958). WALEY, S. D., Edwin Montagu: a Memoir and an Account 01 his Visits to India
(London, 1964). WILSON, Sir Charles (Lord Moran), Winston Churchill: the struggle 101' survival,
I94o-I96S (London, 1966). WILSON, Trevor (ed.), The Political Diaries 01 C. P. Scott, I9II-I9z8 (London,
197°)' WRENCH, John Evelyn, Geottrey Dawson and Our Times (London, 1955).
7. SECONDARY SOURCES
i. Books ASHLEY, Maurice, Churchill as Historian (London, 1968). BARDENS, Dennis, Churchill in Parliament (London, 1967). BERLIN, Isaiah, MI' Churchill in I940 (London, lohn Murray, 1964). BROAD, Lewis, Winston Churchill, I: The Years 01 Preparation (London, 1963). BUTLER, David & FREEMAN, Jennie, British Political Facts I900-I967 (London,
1968; 2nd edition). CARR, E. H., German-Soviet Relations between the Two World Wars, I9I9-I939
(New York, Harper Torchbook, 1966). CHESTER, D. N. (ed.), The Organization 0/ Britisn Central Gov8rnment, I9I4-I9S6
(London, 1968; 2nd edition).
BIBLIOGRAPHY I8S
CZERNIN, Ferdinand, Ve .. sailles, I9I9: the Fo .. ces, Events and Pe .. sonalities that Shaped the T .. eaty (New York, 1964).
EHRMAN, lohn, Cabinet Gove .. nment and Wa .. , I890-I940 (Cambridge, 1958). EYCK, Erich, A History 01 the Weima .. Republic, volume I (New York, Wiley
Science Editions, 1967). ELCOCK, Howard, Po .. t .. ait 01 aDecision: the Council 01 Fou .. and the T .. eaty 01
Ve .. sailles (London, 1972). FELIX, David, Walthe .. Rathenau and the Weima .. Republic: the Politics 01 Repa-
.. ations (Baltimore, 1971). GILBERT, Martin, The Roots 01 Appeasement (London, 1966). GRAINGER, J. H., Cha .. acte .. and Style in English Politics (Cambridge, 1969). GRAUBARD, Stephen Richards, B .. itish Labou .. and the Russian Revolution, I9I7-
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pe .. seve .. ance (Cambridge, Mass., 1961). GULICK, Edward Vose, Eu .. ope's Classical Balance 01 Powe .. (New York, W. W.
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01 the Empi .. e Commonwealth (London, 1968). lAMEs, Robert Rhodes, Chu .. chill: A Study in Failu .. e, I90o-I939 (London, 1970). KEYNES, lohn Maynard, The Economic Consequences 01 the Peace (New York,
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M .. Keynes (London, 1946). MAYER, Arno J., Politics and Diplomacy 01 Peacemaking: Containment and
Counte .... evolution at Ve .. sailles, I9I8-I9I9 (London, 1968). MEDLICOTT, W. N., B .. itish Fo .. eign Policy Since Ve .. sailles, I9I9-I963 (London,
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SCHMIDT, Royal J., Ve .. sailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed 01 World War II (The Hague, 1968).
TAYLOR, A. J. P., et al., Churchill: Four Faces and the Man (London, 1969). TAYLOR, A. J. P., English History I9I4-I945 (Oxford, 1965).
186 BIBLIOGRAPHY
TAYLOR, A. ]. P., The Troublemakers: Dissent over Foreign Policy I79z-I939 (London, 1957).
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TOYNBEE, Arnold ]., Survey 01 International Attairs I9zo-I9z3 (London, British Institute of International Affairs, 1927).
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(London, 1968). WHEELER-BENNETT, John W., The Nemesis 01 Power: the German Army in
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Contemporary History, 3 (October 1968), pp. 191-209. REES, Goronwy, "After the Ball was Over - On Winston Churchill," Encounter,
XXV (November 1965), pp. 3-9. RODMAN, Barbee-Sue, "Britain Debates Justice: an Analysis of the Reparations
Issue of 1918," journal 01 British Studies, VIII (November 1968), pp. 140-154. SINGER, J. David, "Popular Diplomacy and Policy Effectiveness: a Note on the Mechanisms and Consequences," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 12
(July 1970), pp. 320-326.
INDEX
Aitken, Sir William Maxwell (Ist Baron Beaverbrook): quoted, xiii, 150n; delineates WSC's attitude to trying the Kaiser, 17; on WSC's relations with the press, II2.
Alby, General: on feasibility of intervention in Russia, 80.
Aldwych Club: WSC addresses on Bolshevik threat to Germany (II April 1919), 34-37,38,54,88-92,97,105-106.
American Luncheon Club: WSC addresses on Anglo-American relations (4 July 1918),26.
American Society (London) : WSC addresses on peacemaking (16 January 1919), 26,59·
Amery, L. S.: quoted, 47; on WSC's patriotism, 4; plan for formation of a "Middle Europe", 45-46.
Asquith, Herbert Henry (Ist Earl of Oxford and Asquith): defects as a war leader, xv; believes WSC "thinks with his mouth", Iln.
Attlee, Clement (Ist Earl): recalls WSC's concern with the verdict of history, xin.
Balance of power: LG's adherence to, 63-65,104; WSC's adherence to, 44, 88-89, 179-80; WSC seeks its re-establishment by defeat of Russian Bolshevism, 48, 56- 66, 74-78.
Balfour, Arthur J ames (ISt Earl) : attitude to France, 3In, I40n; and intetvention against Bolshevism, 67, 81; genesis of "BaUour Note" (July 1922), 177n.
Bauer, Gustav: readiness to implement Versailles Treaty, 129, 130.
Beaverbrook, Ist Baron: see Aitken, Sir
William Maxwell. Benes, Eduard: discussion with WSC on
intervention in Russia, 94. Berlin, Isaiah: characterizes WSC as back-
wardlooking, 15-16. "Black Dog" [WSC's depression]: xi. Btackwood' s Magazine: quoted, xiiin, xvi. Boer War (1899-1902): WSC's response to
German request for an armistice based on principles evolved during, 3-4, 7; and indemnity, 14; WSC's objection to British occupation, 25; WSC calls for a moderate peace, 44n.
Bolshevism: WSC's view of, 72-74, 84, 95. Bonham Carter, Violet: first meeting with
WSC (1906), ix; on WSC's loyalty and affection for LG, 18.
Borden, Sir Robert: on trying Kaiser, 18. Bradbury, Sir J ohn: represents Britain on
British Empire Delegation (Paris Peace Conference) : WSC tells of "serious difficulties of military occupation", 24-25; on German reply to draft Treaty, 38, 39; supports WSC's anti-Bolshevik policy (17 February 1919). 80.
British Weekty: attacks WSC's Russian policy, II2.
Cecil, Lord Robert (Ist Viscount Cecil of
r88 INDEX
Chelwood): hostility to WSC, xiv-xv, 46n; on WSC's Russia policy, 70.
Chamberlain, Sir Austen: on AngloFrench relations, 31n, 139, 153-54, 162-63; and end of aid to anti-Bolsheviks, 97--98n; and German reparations, 131, 149·
Churchill, Clementine (WSC's wife): WSC's letters to, 10.
Churchill, lohn (Ist Duke of Marlborough): 3, 96, 135n; WSC's admiration for, xii; WSC's biography in Whig tradition, xiin; disregard of party, xiii; and limited warfare, 74-75; as model for WSC's balance of power statecraft, 77-78.
Churchill, lohn Winston Spencer- (7th Duke of Marlborough): as Lord President of the Council, xii.
Churchill, Lady Randolph (WSC's mother): takes little interest in young WSC, ix; WSC tells of German army manoeuvres, 9-10.
Churchill, Lord Randolph Henry Spencer(WSC's father): takes little interest in young WSC, ix-x; as Chancellor of Exchequer under Salisbury, xii.
Churchill, Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer (WSC's son): determines to make his father "his own biographer" , 6-7n.
Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer: Characteristics
lack of self-esteem, ix-x; fear of failure, xi; subject to intense depression, x-xi, xin; impetuosity, xv-xvi; desire for public recognition, xi; pride in family tradition, xi-xii, 74-75, 77-78; strong patriotic instinct, xii-xiii, 15, 25-26, 38n, 43-44, 51-52, 70, 77-78, 87n, 154, 164-65, 171-72, 177-78, 178-80; resents attacks on his public policy, 112; strong personalloyalties, 18, 107; oblivious to party loyalties, xiii-xiv, xiiin, 15-16, 113-14, 135; lacks sense of proportion, xv, 95--96, 96n, loon, 135-36; influence of emotional and rhetorical pressures on his decisions, IIn, 11-12, 30-31, 70, 72, 73, 88, 95, 107-108, 110-11, 135-36, 176; makes decisions in terms of stereotypes, 10-12, 37-38, 58-60, 89; adherence to long since formulated principles and guidelines, 3-4,
need for security against Germany, 27-31, 56-58, 61-65, 136-40, 157, 158- 61, 162-65, 166, 173-75; seeks to maintain personal envoy in, 141n; speaks on relations with, at Imperial Conference (1921), 162-65, 166.
Germany: regards request for armistice as manoeuvre, 1-3, 7-8; condemns President Wilson's conduct of armistice negotiations, 4-7, 8--9; distrusts Provisional Govemment, 20-22, 23-24; misconceptions about German politics, 9-12, 20-22, 36-37, 58-61, 135; responsibility for war crimes, 12-13; on trying Kaiser, 16-18; advocates Hohenzollem restoration, 19-20; futility of of disarmament as a safeguard, 25-26; calls for reparation and indemnity, 13-15, 50-53; minimizes effects of inflation on middle classes, 54-55; supports French proposal for Rhineland buffer state, 28-31; opposed to long-term military occupation, 23-25, 31, 32-33; on effects of blockade, 25, 31-37; distrusts 'socialist' govemments of, 37-38, 58-59; danger of Bolshevist anarchy in, 35-36, 58, 81-82; risk of conjunction with Russia, 22-23, 58-59, 60-61, 65-66,82-83,96-106,114-15,118,123-25; German militarism less dangerous than Bolshevism, 89; proposes participation in anti-Bolshevik operations, 88--90, 105-111; as a barrier against Bolshevism, 83-84, 90--92, 118-23; need for Anglo-French alliance against, 136-40, 157, 158-61, 162-65, 166, 173-75; and General Staff's scheme for reconstruction of, 122-23, 127-32, 134, 143, 144-45; seeks to limit disarmament restrietions on, 122-23, 127-34; claim to Upper Silesia, 62, 158-59, 165-66; defines role of British ambassador in, 135-37; shares LG's hopes for a negotiated settlement of issues arising out of Versailles Treaty, 142, 143-45; challenges LG's
INDEX I89
use of sanctions, 150-51, 153-56; c1ashes with Chamberlain over Franco-Belgian ultimatum, 153-54; aims to moderate reparation demands, 146-47, 151-53; endorses LG's priority for reconstruction of trade and finance, 167-68; and genesis of "Balfour Note" (July 1922), 177-78.
Great Britain: future relations with America predicted, 25-27, 51-53; European role defined by, xü-xiii, 15, 25-26, 27-28, 38n, 43-44, 51-52, 56-57,65-66, 70, 74-78,87n, 154, 177-78, 179-80.
Poland: defines role in chec1ring RussoGerman conjunction, 60-62, 100-106, 114-15, 118, 123-25; as "lynch-pin" of Versailles, 61-63; newspaper artic1e about, 119-21.
Russia: role in maintaining balance of power, 56-57, 74-78; romaticized view of, 72; spread of Bolshevism in, 72-74; believes Bolshevism can only be checked with force, 83, 107-109, 110-12; advocates British intervention in, 57-58, 66-78, 84-92; seeks intervention by joint Allied contingents, 79-81, 83; aims to co-ordinate anti-Bolshevik operations, 93-95, 97, 97-98n; aims to forestall end of British aid, 102-106; repudiates direct commitment to antiBolsheviks, 111-12, 114, 115-16, 117; opposition to trading agreement with, 114n; considers a trading consortium premature, 169, 171-72, 176.
Versailles, Treaty of: on failure to conc1ude preliminary treaty, 39-43; tempers criticism of LG's role, 43-44; proposes new European super-structure as substitute for balance of power, 44-48; blames President Wilson for shortcomings of, 42, 48-49, 49n; on financial provisions of, 49-55.
view ofhistory, xi-xün, 5-6,12,19-20; interest in foreign policy, xvi; exaggerates value of conference diplomacy, 41-42; resents LG's personal diplomacy, 137-38, 140-42, 151-52; and League of Nations, 44-49; reactions to press criticism, 112-14; and "Centre" party, 135; seeks all-round cancellation of war debts, 51-53, 168-69, 176-78; calls for international conference on finance, 169.
Clemenceau, Georges: attitudes to Germany, 20, 21, 105; supports WSC's plan for an anti-Bolshevist crusade (February 1919), 80; on Bolshevist threat to Germany, 82, 103; discusses French disengagement from Russia with WSC, 103.
Clynes, J. R. : believes WSC plans renewed intervention in Russia, I 19-120.
Colville, Sir John: disputes Lord Moran's conc1usions on impact of depression on WSC's behaviour, xin.
Curzon, George Nathaniel (Ist Marquess Curzon of Kedleston): in LG's War Cabinet, In; opposes French proposal for Rhineland buffer-state, 28-31; hostility towards France, 29, 140n; on AngloFrench relations, 158-63; opposes raising naval blockade of Germany, 35,40; and German disarmament, 145; endorses coercion of Germany, 149, 153-54; and Reparations Commission, 13In; appoints Viscount D' Abernon ambassador to Germany, 136; considers his prerogative usurped by WSC, 128, 160-61; supports LG's stand against intervention in Russia, 71, 76n, 93; on effects of Russo-German conjunction, 99, 100-101; opposes recognition of Russia, 171; fails to resolve Upper Silesian dispute, 161, 165-66.
19° INDEX
D'Abemon, Edgar Vincent (Viscount D' Abemon) : appointed British ambassador to Germany, 136; on German disarmament, 144-45; lenient approach to reparations, 147, 153, 177.
Daily Herald: charges WSC with deception and demands his impeachment, II6-17·
Dardane1les (Turkey): WSC's plan for operations against, xv-xvi.
Dawson, Geoffrey: implicates WSC in Ulster "pogrom", xivn.
Denikin, General Anton I vanovich: commands Russian anti-Bolshevik operations, 57n, 85, 93, 94--95, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109n, IIO; WSC plans to join him as an extraordinary envoy, 135-36, 136 n.
Derby, 17th Earl of: see Stanley, Edward George Villiers.
Disraeli, Benjamin: WSC's grandfather serves under, xii.
Dundee, WSC's constituency: speeches at, (November 1918), 12-16, 18, (May 1919),96--97, (February 1920), III-12, II4-15, II 7, (September 1921), 167, 169; hostility of constituency Liberal Association towards WSC, 113-15.
Ebert, Friedrich : as provisional president ofGermany, 37.
Einwohnerwehr: time for disarmament extended, 143-44.
Elcock, Howard J.: interpretation discussed, 6n, 31n.
Esher, 2nd Viscount: see Brett, Reginald Baliol.
Evening News (London): WSC article on Poland (28 July 1920), 61, II8-20, 121.
Fehrenbach, Konstantin : makes reparation offer, 155.
Fisher, H. A. L.: on Germany's need of Russian markets, 99.
Foch, MarshaI Ferdinand: and German armistice, 8; WSC opposes his proposal for permanent occupation of Rhineland, 24, 31; plan for Rhineland buffer-state, 28-31; WSC questions on Bolshevik menace, 109-1 II ; and German disarmament,145,149·
Foreign Office (Great Britain): 40, 132; WSC's ability to master its memoranda, xvi; distrusted by WSC, 41; uses same analogy as WSC to predict Russo-German conjunction, 100--101; General Staff seizes initiative from, 128.
Gajda, General Rudolf: and co-ordination of Russian anti-Bolshevists, 93.
Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey) : WSC's plan for its capture, xv-xvi.
General Staff (Great Britain): and antiBolshevik operations, 85-88, 93--94; prepares paper on German situation (5 February 1920), 122-23, 127-34, 143, 144,145·
Gessler, Otto: and German disarmament, 143·
Golovin, General (White Russian agent): alleged conversations with WSC reported, II6-17.
Goltz, General Rudiger Graf von der-: WSC alarmed by his penetration of Baltic States, 101, 105.
Gough, General Sir Hubert: on WSC's assessments of the anti-Bolshevists' position, 95.
Grey, Sir Edward: rebukes WSC for dabbling in foreign affairs, 10.
Hankey, Sir Maurice: WSC writes to, on Dardanelles (June 1915), xvi; recalls WSC's meeting with Supreme Council (February 1919), 80; Tom Jones writes to, II9.
Hardinge, Charles (Ist Baron Hardinge of Penshurst) : and Upper Silesian dispute, 165n; Poincare tells that he attaches "no importance whatever" to AngloFrench guarantee, 175.
Harrod, Sir R. F.: criticism of Peace Conference, 50.
Henderson, Arthur: in LG's War Cabinet, In.
Hohenzollems: resoration advocated by WSC, 19.
House, Edward M.: endorses propsals for a preliminary peace, 4In; on absence of European balance of power, 63-64; and intervention in Russia, 80-81.
Hughes, W. M.: tauntsCurzon over AngloFrench guarantee, 163.
INDEX I9I
Illustt'ated Sunday Het'ald: WSC artic1e on Kaiser (February 19Z0), 17-18, 19-Z0; WSC article on Anglo-American relations (November 1919), z6--z7, 48; WSC artic1e on Germany (November 1919), 38n, 106; WSC artic1e on Bolshevism (January 19zo), uo-u.
Inter-Allied Military Commission of Control: WSC and LG oppose its existence, 143-45·
Ironside, Major-General Edmund: plans to take offensive in Russia, 85-86, 93.
Isaacs, Sir Rufus (Ist Earl of Reading): Amery writes to about League of Nations, 45.
jaspar, Henri: drafts ultimatum on reparation, 148-49, 153, 155.
] olly Geot'ge, SS: dockers refuse to load with munitions for Poland, I 17.
jones, Thomas: on WSC's "Poison Peril" artic1e, U9.
jusserand, j ules : delivers French memorandum on peace conference organization to U.S., 40-41, 43.
Kalisch, Treaty of (1813): WSC uses analogy with to predict future Russo-German relations, 100-101.
Kerr, Philip: advises LG of WSC's plan for an anti-Bolshevik crusade, 80-81; role in foreign policy making, lz6, 141-42 .
Keynes, johnMaynard: onLG, 15; charges President Wilson with hypocrisy, 16; proposes Central European tariff union, 46n; obsessed with primacy of economic issues over frontiers and sovereignties, 50; on feasibility of an independent Poland, 62; plan for rehabilitation of European credit, 168-69.
Kolchak, Admiral Alexander : commands White Russian army in Siberia, 85, 93-94,102.
Kotlas (North Russia): WSC plans operations against, 93-94.
Lansing, Robert: opposes further Allied intervention in Russia, 80.
Law, Andrew Bonar: In, 130; contempt for WSC, xiii, xiii-xivn; c1ashes with WSC over occupation of Germany, 24; WSC wins his support for a "final pack-
et" of supplies for Russia, 98n; on munition supplies to Poland, II7; hostility to France, 14on; approves sanctions against Germany, 149.
League of Nations: LG's plan to exc1ude Holland from, 16; WSC's attitudes towards, 44-49; WSC believes Russia must join, 61; Upper Silesian dispute referred to, 165n, 165-66.
Lenin, V. 1.: WSC's view of, 17-18, 72, 98n; utilized by German military, 22-z3, 88, 100; seeks c10ser ties with Germany, 124-25.
Long, Walter (Ist Viscount): opposes WSC's plan to raise blockade of Germany, 35, 40; at conference on Bolshevism, 108.
Liebknecht, Kar!: in Scheidemann's Cabinet, zoo
Lloyd George, David: xiin, xvi, In, 5, 18, 21; a masterful pragmatist, 15,43, 49n, 51; his personal control of foreign affairs, lz6--z7, 136--38, 141-42, 157, 16z-63; his conduct of peace negotiations assessed by WSC, 43-44, 50-52; his efforts to moderate draft Versailles Treaty, 44n, 6z-65; seeks to implement Versailles settlement by agreement with Germany, 13Z-34, 142-44, 172-73; determines to implement settlement by coercing Germany, 148, 154-56; Bristol speech on Germany (December 1918), 13-15; demands trial of Kaiser, 18-19; on German reparation and indemnity, 14, 50-51, 145-56, 157-58, 168-69,170-72,173-74,175-78 ;onGer man disarmament, 132-33, 138, 142-46; seeks a strong Germany to re-establish balance of power, 63-65, 104; assigns priority to German situation, 107-108; rejects French proposal for Rhineland buffer state, 28-30, 31n; contemptuous of French need for security, 28-30, 31n, 63-65, 104, 136-40, 159-61;ignores French memorandum on peace conference organization, 43; exploits French fears of Bolshevism in Germany, 82; on Germany's need for Russian markets, 99,170-72,176; and danger of Russo-German conjunction, 65-66, 100-101, 106, II9, 123-24; opposes British intervention in Russia, 58, 69-71, 109, I I In; on cost of intervention in Russia,
192 INDEX
69-70,76-77, 96n, 102, IIO; and end of British assistance to the anti-Bolsheviks, 98n, 102, 103-104, 109-10; sees Russia as a political, not a military threat, IIo-II; and Anglo-Russian trade agreement, II4n; explains shift in WSC's Russia policy, II2; on role of Poland, 62-63, 63n, 103-104, II9-21, 123-24; and Upper Silesian dispute, 157-58, 161, 165n, 165-66; defends WSC's conduct in Russo-Polish war, II9-21.
Loucheur, Louis: WSC writes to, expresssing alarm over Russo-German conjunction, 101-103, 105; as French Reparations Minister, 155, 170, 172-73.
Ludendorff, General Erich: and Bolsheviks, 22; WSC seeks creation of an antiLudendorff bloc, 135.
Maclean, Sir Donald: accuses WSC of seeking a new anti-Bolshevik commitment, II9.
Manchester Chamber of Commerce: WSC addresses on reparation (June 1921). 160-61, 167-68.
Manchester Guardian: cited, 47n. Mansion House (London) : WSC speaks at,
on Germany (19 February 1919), 23-24, 32-34,81,83-84.
Max, Prince of Baden: in German Provisional Government, 21.
Millerand, Alexandre: clashes with LG over conference procedure, 120-21, 134, 137; attitude to German disarmament, 132-33, 143; and conference diplomacy, 137-38; opposition to Briand's moderate German policy, 173-74.
Milner, Alfred (Ist Baron) : at War Office, In, 21.
Mond, Sir Alfred: on Cabinet reparaions committee, 151.
Montagu, Edwin: criticizes LG's German policy, 150-51, 153, 155.
Moran, Ist Baron: see Wilson, Sir Charles. Morning Post: WSC dispatch to (March
1900),3. Murray, Gilbert: on League of Nations,
47·
Natal Witness: WSC letter to, on peacemaking (March 1900), 3, 44n.
Nation, The: accuses WSC of "criminal
misjudgment", II3, II5-17. Nicolson, Harold: quoted, 20, 36; on !i
mitations of conference diplomacy, 42. Nollet, General: and Inter-Allied Military
Commission of Control, 143-44, 145. Noske, Gustav: as German Defence Mi
nister, 20, 129.
Oxford and Asquith, Ist Earl of: see Asquith, Herbert Henry.
Oxford Union: WSC speaks at, on Russia, 112.
Pilsudski, Marshai J.: leads Polish army against Bolsheviks, 123.
Poincare, Raymond: succeeds Briand, 174; impact on relations with Britain and Germany, 174-6.
Prinkipo Conference: WSC urges its abandonment, 79-80.
Rathenau, Walther: and German fulfilment policy, 170, 173.
Reparations Commission : role of British representatives on, 50, 131.
Rhineland: WSC urges limitation of AIlied occupation, 23, 24-25, 32-33, 44n; WSC supports French plans for a buffer-state, 28-31.
Riddell, George A. (Ist Baron): talks to LG about Russia, 108n, 110, II2; recounts conversation with WSC about LG's personal diplomacy, 141-42.
Westminster Gazette: WSC letter in support of Boer patriots (1901), 4.
Wiesbaden Agreement (1921): France negotiates without British consent, 172.
William 11, German Kaiser: xii, 9-10, II3; War Cabinet proposes to bring to trial, 16-18; WSC's attitude ambivalent, 16-20; restoration of grandson advocated by WSC, 19-20.
Wilson, Sir Chades (Ist Baron Moran): on role of depressive element in WSC's makeup, xin; notes WCS's hopes for a "crowned,Weimar", 19.
Wilson, General Sir Henry (British C.I.G.S.): 81, 94, 108n, 128; shares WSC's misgivings on German surrender, 2 I; suggests demilitarization of Rhineland, 29-31; reviews British intervention in Russia (December 1919), 77; recommends British withdrawal from Russia, 86.
Wilson, Thomas Woodrow (American President) : xi-xiin, 29, 43; begins armistice negotiations, I; conduct of negotiations attacked by WSC, 4-6; hatred and distrust of Germany, 6n; and Fourteen Points, 8, 9n; rejects French memorandum on peace conference organization, 41-43; WSC attacks for failure to maximize his influence, 42; WSC's critique of his role in making Versailles Treaty, 48-49; opposes Allied intervention in Russia, 80; and cancellation of war debts, 52, 168-69.
Wirth, J oseph: and German fulfilment policy, 156, 170, 173.
Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming: as member of Cabinet reparations committee, 151, 152, 153, 155·