BIBLIOGRAPHY OF VENOMOUS AND POISONOUS MARINE ANIMALS AND THEIR TOXTNS 0 Prepared by SFindlay E. Russell Henry Gonzalez Sue B. Dobson John A. Coats Office of Naval Research Coritract N00014.80.C.0,68 L g C Attending Staff Asswcistinn .iLos ,nges County.University of Southern California Medical Ccntcr Los Angeles, California and College of Pharmacy --- 7 "University of Arizona Tucsn. Arizona 194 I 1 84 t: • . 4022
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OFVENOMOUS AND POISONOUS
MARINE ANIMALS AND THEIR TOXTNS
0 Prepared by
SFindlay E. RussellHenry GonzalezSue B. DobsonJohn A. Coats
Office of Naval ResearchCoritract N00014.80.C.0,68
L g C Attending Staff Asswcistinn.iLos ,nges County.University of Southern California Medical Ccntcr
Los Angeles, Californiaand
College of Pharmacy ---7
"University of ArizonaTucsn. Arizona
194
I 1 84t: • . 4022
RM- -0 -. - -t . -%W. -6
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(U) Bibliography of Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals and Thet•r Toxins1,PqNIoft"4 AiJTh0(SFindlay E. Russell, HeMY. Gonzalez, Sue S. nobson and John A. Coats
131 r EPR in.ICtI r" no¶ Ef COUNTF1m pmm1*w11 rTO 1 2 ""ATt 4
wPAT'= Pr. be obtained from the National Technical Information. Service,S29S Port RoyuI Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.
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L I Protozoa Cniderla Mollusca Anne ida
K s bibliography includes a list of the titles and citations of most of'the papers od thesubject of venomus and poisonous merine organisms and their toxins published beWore 1931.It contains 6,779 citations listed by major phyletic group (principally by phylum). Alsoincluded is an author index.
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19. Arthropoda Venomous fishesBryozoa Sea snakesPPoisonous fishes Marine maumals
,p~
DLWAPHY OP YENDUOW AMD PCIOMMIMA EMEMALS AMD THMI TOMB1 -
by
Pindlay e. Russell 'A@@*essiof ForHenry Gonzalez NTIS gRA&1Sue B. Dobson DTIC TABJohni A. Coats Wkannounced
juastiflcation
wo Availability Codesail and/or
A ttending Staff AssociationLas Angeles Omn~ty-University of Southern California Medical Center
Las Angeles, CalIf ornia, U.S.A.and
College of PharmacyUniversity of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
1 98 -
This work relates to Department of the Navy ContractN00014 .80-C-0863 issued by the Office of Naval Research.The United States Government has a royalty-free licensethroughout the world in all copyrightable material containedherein.
II -.
CONTENTS "if,
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I. eARLY WO;R!•: l-lg ...................... ' ... . ";... oee'e-e • e-e • ee •e • • • • e-* ee e e • l
:" IL G•N•RAL VORKS: 167-433 ................. " " , l'O •;o.e • e• e mo o ow• m ep eo o • e, • o o • •,
,- lgg[, PROTISTA OProtoz• ai• A/pe)• €3•-1236 .... •2•S...... o .................. __
.. . oIV, PORIFERA • • I•U-I¢•S ....... 'oee*•e•eeeeeeee•e•o•eeeoo• e 0 e ee •6
•-' . . • ,• ,., •u•• V,• CNII•RIA (Coeleatm'ztes)s 1•t9-2.•i9 ................................ 86 '•
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Octopuses, Mussels, Clams, Oysters): 2"/78-3729 ........ ' ........ ...... 1•3 •.
YlH. PLATYItELN HES, Ni•M•RTEA, ANNELIDA, -:;i
•q•r d • A• • •D BRYOZOA= 3730-Y•17 , ......................... 206 ."
S' •d
o,XI..•A •dqAKESt 6316.4•7!14 ............................................ 341 "•
"dXIL MARINE MAMMALs 67€•I...•77• 366 "e • • • • • • • • • oe•oooo,•oe•mo•e eee e oe o • e • • o
AUTHOR INDEX 369 "4ooeoeooeoeooooeooooeq)•oooooeeooee•oog6•eoeoeee•eeeee, eeoeo• ',
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INTRODUCTION
This Bibliography cites most of the papers on the subject of venomousand poisonous marine an'rnals and their toxins published in scientificjournals, governmental or major organizational reports, and many general orlay publications prior to 1981. It contains 6,779 citations, most of whichhave been gathered from the senior author's library and index files,accumulated over the past thirty-five years. In addition, some citationswere gleaned from major reference works, such as those by Phisalix (1926),Pawlowsky (1927), Harmon and Pollard (1958), Kaiser and Michl (1958),Pigulevski (1962), Russell (1965), Halstead (1965-70), Kornalik (1%7),Rosenfeld and Kelen (1969), Southcott (1975), Maretic (1975), and Hashimoto(1979). Most of these have been rechecked. Excellent sources of referenceshave been the journal Toxicon and the symposia publications of theInternational Society on Toxinology, as edited by,F.E. Russell and P.R.Saunders; A. De Vries and E. Kochva; A. Ohsaka, K. Hayashi, and Y. Sawai;SF. Gubensek; P. Boquet; P. Rosenberg; and D. Eaker and T. Wadstrom.
The task of preparing suitable chapter hidings was not an easy one.The present form was selected after it had been reviewed with severalmarine biologists, toxinologists, fisheries scientists, and taxonomists, as wellas a physician and a librarian, all of whom were well informed about marineanimals. Unfortunately, it was not possible to divide the chapters intosubsections on anatomy, chemistry, pharmacology, clinical findings, etcetera, but since many of the articles contained data on several or manydisciplines, unnecessary duplication, among other things, would haveresulted.
In each chapter, citations refer to articles relating to the poisonous-ness or venomousness of the animal within the phylum, except in Chapters 9and 10, where the papers on poisonous fishes (Chapter 9) have beenseparated from those on venomous fishes (Chapter 10).
Almost all references relate to marine organisms. In a few cases,some titles are cited for the toxins of fresh-water protistan, since the toxinsare related or have special toxicological significance. A few references forfresh-water catfish, arthropods, and molluscs have also been noted. Somereports involving a marine toxin (e.g., tetrodotoxin) are cited even thoughmost of the report deals with other subjects or poisons and the marine toxinhas been mentioned only as a control ýr an agent of comparison. Many suchpapers involving marine toxins as tools are referenced in the Bibliographybut some may have been overlooked. It would be impractical to includeevery work that mentions a marine toxin, for the Bibliography would thenbecome unwieldy, as well as impractical as a source work. Referencesrelated to the systematics or taxonomy of marine animals have not beencited, except when they also include a discussion of the venomousness orpoisonousness of the animal.
All citations are arranged alphabetically by author. Unsigned articlesare entered as "Anon." and are arranged in the chapter according to theiryear of publication. Names of authors are spelled as given in the originalsources, except where known typographical errors have been made. Initials
iv
-are used for given names. Where Initials were omitted in the original r !article, a dash (-) has been used.
- When available, the volume number of a journal or book is given as thefirst number after the journal title, and it is underlined. In, those cases inwhicha journal Is not identified by a volume but by a number, the journalnumber Is placed in parentheses, and it is not underlined. In some instances,
, partikcarly if a journal is difficult to obtain, or it. has many separate L '.numbern in avolume, both the journal volume and the number are given. In :7:1X
some cases, particularly for the older references where citations weredifficult, all possible data are provided. Whe th
""Citatins for an a o ae entered chronologicaly. When the sameIauthor Is the first of two authors, the second author is cited alphabeticallyand dronologically. - When there are more than two authors with the samefirst auther, -the entry is cited last, alphabetically and chronologically. No'more than five author are cited for any one paper; if.there are more thanfle, tuthors, the first three are cited and et al. is entered for the
... Backets •ave been wused when ,titles have been translated from... qu ges ohr than German, French, Spatdsh, Italian, Dutch, orP ortuguese,. When referring to a specific page of a text, the citation, mightread 'p. 95.1 When the to*.J number of pages in a book is noted, the citationmight read '9p.,".
In.some ianstances, the title of a publication has not been underlined, asIs the case for unpublished theses4 dissertations, certain lay articles, andsome technical reports that are not generally available. Also, those papersand letters that have not undergone a peer review have not been underlined,except ifts cases where a society or organization has been responsible fortheir conten• Abbreviated titles have been used for certain publisherswhom-, books are-common to the field of toxinology, such as Pergamon(Press), Acaderm ,(Press),. fMwsons (William Dawson & Sons Ltd.),. andseverat others.,.
We have not attempted to clarify taxonomy or the Latin spelling of afamily, genu, or species in a title. We suggest that whenever questions,arise the reader check the possible synonyms of the organism in anappropriate zoological text.. In some articles the Latin names have beenmisspelled. We have not altered these.
The preparation of this Bibliography, continued over a decade, hasprovided Its share of rewards, the most gratifying being the pleasure ofdiscovering Interesting and important papers heretofore unknown to workersin marine toxinology. There ace many such references in this text, andreadLng through the original papers has been a pleasure well worth the timespent-,.
Vý apologize for all errors of omission and commission.
Findlay L. Ru3sellTucson, ArizonaFebruary 1, 1993
_JVo "
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
There are many to whom acknowledgment must be given. Variouslibraries and librarians should be thanked for their assistance in obtaininghard-to-come-by articles, or for rechecking citations. Among those towhom the authors are particularly grateful are the librarians at the BritishMuseum, Smithsonian Institution, Library of Congress, National Medical aLibrary, Library of the Royal Society of Medicine, Norris and HancockLibraries at the University of Southern California, University of Arizona ,. -_
Health Sciences Library, Library of thee Zoological Society of London,Balfour Library at Cambridge, and the Bodelian at Oxford.
We are particularly indebted to Sharon Pruhs at the Los AngelesCounty/University of Southern California Medical Center Library and theseveral librarians of the Office of Naval Research, London, who made itpossible to obtain rare manuscripts from various sources.
Thanks are also in order to Barbara Timmermann, Barbara Roth,Bertha Almagro, and Monica Rector for checking entries cited in French,Italian, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Titles in 3apanese, Chinese, -
Croatian, Slovene, Czechoslovakian, Polish, and Russian have, in manycases, been checked with the specific author(s), but in some instances wehave translated the titles into English.
We are also indebted to the Commanding Officers and Chief Scientistsof tte London Office of Naval Research, who provided facilities for therather extensive amount of work that had to be done in London. Amongothers who contributed to the Bibliography, In one way or another, were Igorand Alexandra Ferlan; Shoji Konosu Yoshiro Hashimoto; Albert H. Banner,Raymond A. Bagnis, Bruce W. Halstead, Cerhard Habermehl, Albert L.Plcchioni, Donald A. Thomson, 3ohn Paton; the "Sue assistants"-. SusannaTurner, Susan Mendyka, Belinda Lipka, and 3erry R. Brewer; and NancyMairs. Finally, we wish to thank Carol Ortega and the various members ofthe senior author's staff, who over the years assisted with filing and -yping. "
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DEDICATION
This Bilogah is dedicated to my wife, Marilr- L Russell, who byall rights shuld be an author, If for no other reason than for her patience intracking down references In the British Museum, and elsewhere, durng what
wasupposed to have been avacation; and toSir FrederidckS. Russell, whohas been a continuous source of Inspiration, and whom I can still rem~mberstanding onthe dedcof atugIn the driving rain while geeting my fa illyonthe SS Llberte in the harbor at Plymouth in 1953.
Vil,
CHAPTERI
EARLY WORKS
In this chapter, citations have been entered for works published before1850.' Some citations are to works translated or published after 1850,.0although written prior to that year. The choice of the year 1850 has beenarbitrary. However, about that time marine toxinology began to emerge asa science, rather than a collection of anecdotes, myths, and folklore.Nevertheless, some of the earlier observations demonstrate an acuteawareness of natural history, and they are still of significance to science. -
This chapter Is of particular importance to the scientist interested in" .. developing the history of our knowledge about a particular venomous or
poisonous marine animals or its toxin.In some instances we have not been able to confirm citations, since .
the books could not be found. In such cases we have needed to rely onLibrary cards. We have, insofar as possible, rechecked each title either inthe Library of Congress or in the British Museum.
%
JtS. .. . . .• . . .. . . .. ... . . . . .. . . . . ° , • -
S. . ... 0
I ACTUARIUS. Phsici et Medicie Farguharson, A.S.L. and Platt, A.Minores. Ide errrolini, i8#1- (transl.), Oxford, 1912.
12 ARTEDI, P. k-tyologia: Sive Opera2 ADAMS, A. and REEVE, L. The Omnia de Pisibus. Linnaeus, C.
Zoology of the Voyage of i-9 (ed., Leiden,'1733. 0mareng. Adams, At. (ed.),e.-e.--
Re-eve,FBerjuhm & Reeve: Lon- 13 AUTENRIETH, H.F. U(ber das Giftdon, 1848. der Fische. C.F. Osiander: Tub-
inget4 287 ~, 1833.3 AEGINETA, P. The Seven Books of
Paulus Aegineta .... Adams, F. 14 AZARA, F., DE. Descripci6n e his-(transl.),3vo., Lonon, 1844-47; toria. del ParagupJaZ del Rfo de 1a"see also Paulus Aegineta. Plata. Madrid, vol. I, p. 53, 1847.
4 AELIANUS, C. De Historic Animal- 15 BASTER. 3. Natuurkundige uitspan-lum. Tiguri, 1555; see also De nigenbeheilzende eenige waarne-N Ia- Animalium. W. Boyr: emingen4 over sommige zee-London, 177T*. planten en zee-insecten, bene-
vens derzelver zaadhuisjes en3 AETIUS OF AMIDA. Aetti Medici ee:emestern. 3. Bosch: Haarlem,
Graeci. Tetrabiblons,- i i.- Vo0. 1, 169p., 1762; see alsoVol. 2,'167p., 1765.
6 ALDROVANDUS, U. De Piscibus.Serpentum et Draconu Historiae 16 BAUDRILLART, J.-J. DictionnaireBononiae. Ferroniu, 1640. des P~ches. 2 vol., •ari'-,1.27.
7 ALLMAN, G.3. On the stinging 17 BELON, P. De A3itilibus. La natureproperty of the lesser weeverfish et la diversitd des poissons, avec(Trachinus vigra). Am. Maf.leur 0 . C. Stephanus:nat. Hist. 164, lT0O.
S ANDERSON, W. An account of 18 BENNETT, E.T. Observations on asome poisonous fish in the South collection of fishes formed duringSeas. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. the voyage of H.M.5. "Chanti-London 66, 544, 1776. deer," with characters of two'
new species. Proc. zool. Soc. --9 ANON. Death of Mrs. Bell and two London _1, 112, 1830.,
children from puffer poisoning.Colonial Times, Hobart, Austra- 19 BLAINVILLE, H.M.D. Manuel d'ac-lia, Mar. 29 (p. 3), Apr. 5 (p. 3), tinologie ou de zophytologie.1831. Paris, 1834. :
10 ANSON, G. Voyage Round the 20 BLOCH, M.E. Ichthyologie ou his-World in the Years 1i 0-44. toire naturelle des PoEssons.Walter, R. (ed.), 3ohn & Pau 4 vol., Berlin, IY96.,Knapton: London, 1745.
21 BLOCH, M.E. Histoire Naturelle des11 ARISTOTLE. The Works of Poissons .... 10 vol., Detervihle:
Aristotle, V., De--' ttibus A1 - Parts, 1200."ma;iumn De Incessu Animaliumet De Motu AnimaliumiDe Gen- 22 BLOCH, M.E. 5ystemj lchthyol-eratione Animalium. Olge, W., ogiae. Post orbitum auctoris
2
777.7 .. .'7-7-r n *_t77
ws 5 :heatum ab~olvlt, cor- 34 CATESSY, M. e Natural Mist=_exi__ _lavt_ . 2_vol., 1301.of Carolina, Florida and the
_0tn Islands. 2 vol., Benjamin
23 BONAPARTE, C.L. Icanoftmfl& VWhites Lond, 1771.Delta Fauna ItIia, TomnoPesci, zn-.i. 35 CELSUS, A.A.C. De Medicina.
B. Fontu: Florentine,TMI724 BEX.UARDAT, M.A. Sur Pmmpol-
swumsmowt W les moules. Ann. 3 CESENOS, A.D. De Suspectis de!1zM 17, 353, 1337. Haeesi. Ro ne, e03.
25 BOURIMNNE. MNnoire sur les effets 37 CXISHOLM, C. On the poison of fish.de a piqur& des auter di I& Vive. Edinburgh Med. Surg. 3. 4, 393,3. Mi. M11, Paris 1, 371, 1732. 1U03; see also GCiorn. Soc. rflorr.,
26 BRANDT, 3.F. a&W RATZEBURC,
3,T. Pisces. In, Medizinische 31 CORISTISON, R. A Treatise on
27 BROOKS, W. A family poisoned by 39 CLAVIGERO, FJ. The Histor ofeating a mar. Northwest Med. (Lower) Cal;forni• (17T9)L
. 7 1I *S.' andW Gray, A.A. (transl.),Stanford Uriv. Preis: Stanford,
25 BUFFON, G.L., DE. HIstoire nat- Caif, Vol. 2, 213p., 1.37.urelle, ký.cale et particultzre.1|3 VOL, X Oyall ParLs, 176!06-7 140 CLOQ(ET, H. Jchthyque (Poisson).
In, Dictionnalre des Sciences Nat-29 BULLOCX, M. Case oi paisown by urelles. Paris, Vol. 22, p. 550,
fish. London med. Gaz. 19P, 3,t
41 CLOQUET, H. Faune des Medecins.30 BUNIVA, C. M~roL-e cimcenent 1a 6 vol., Chez CrocFhardi Pris,
"physlologle et I& pathosogie des 1122-23.polsom, suivi dun tableau indi-quant Jictyographee subalpine. 42 COM Be, 3.5. on the Poisonous
mkn. Acad. Sci. Litt. et Beaux- effects of the mussel (M ytiusArts, Turin L2, 71, 1103. edulls). Edinburgh med. 3.7<, Z
31 BURNETT, V. On the effects pro-duced by poisonous fish on the 43 COOKE,3. A Voyage Towards thehuman frame. Proc. Roy. Soc. South Pole an-dRound the WorldLontm 3, 609, 134. Pevlor-meR -in is-j"aesty' S1ip
the ResolutionAd Aa'ventures in32 BURROWS. G.M. An aCcount of two the Years 1772, i71 , 774 And
cases of death forn eating mus- 1775. Z vol., W. Strahan & T.sels; with some general observa- ei•l: London, 1777.tions on fish-poison. Lndon med.R!P2Ct. 3, 445, 1815. 4 COOPER, W.W. Poisoning from eat-
ing mussels (M us edulis).
3, BYERLEY, 1, On the Trachinus Lancet (1), 274,dracvO, or otter-pike, sting f ish, orweever. Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. 45 CUVIER, G.L. and VALENCIENNES,Uverp~i4 5, 19, 1849. A. Histoire naturelle des
3
Maor 2 vol., L.G. Lewmitl 57 PORS1154 G. A oyale Round the~7~i2~ 3*. orwd LmonVo.2' P.43;
SDALRYMPLE9 A. -An historicu! coi-lectin of invww jo iia 3S FORSTMR 3*R. Remarks on theMisoverla In the WMtl Facific OraicBdes. Observatons,
*7 1""W, C. 3burnal of Research Natil HRistoy n M Ph~I~il-Inito the C~rO--ZatrIF His G. aKobinsau Landon,twy ol Vari*w Countries visited M 0a,2t 177L.
mow of gte~n MUM It-S. FORSTE 3.R. Isa !I~
Aut~s erasper annos 177.*8 DE COOMARA. P. L6pmZ Historla 1774... cumante. K. Berolinit
io: o1wkda.zaragoaa, 133rw;MT7, is".
6O FRANCE, D.C. Ovt B"rb comesta49 I LANDA9 0. Rulacldt do Las noada. Act* Acad. Mat. C 'rice I
.4 ~ ~ ~ a dosmsYucatln. 155%. (~~,6
)0 DELLOtI, C. Novel Reaindn6 PUKUSNIA, M. LPudf ts fed totwi ax Inrei ~ionalesIuemar Ppserimentailyj Bqmsho
51 QURO .P Vygm n te62 GALEN*, C. 2MOmnkc. GluntasSouh eaby OwSpanish andW04M
Dutch. K ai~p!! Collectionad Voy ffVi&T Vo.- . 4913 GALJAY, D.M. Empohnvinenart
52 DESORTIMS M.8 Histoirt es maa, PVmteld pus parssonnd es* uOn do S. Dom niu.rsv. am. utw ;*c a I a dom itOwn cia de
33 SORDS P. Do Isedica*Materls, Libn V. J.Soe 64 GAZA, A. Corona Florida Med-51;LI 1 733p., 1329. klnm. sive Fe Conwevatlon
Joane Tt GFregoirli~um34 U TIERTREt 3.5. Hitar zarvurza do Forliviot Venice,
de Antilles habrt*iM eps IirWi. 9Cows. Pails, VOL 2, 167
63 GESNE, K. HLstoia Animallum.35 FERGUSON, W. On -the polsno C.PocF urmaTgl ~
fishe at tOw Carribbee islands. $17 see also Historiat Animailum,Trams. R91. Soc. Edinburgh 9 (1), ZwdIrict 4"mnd aShbt+Ida ist63, L123 ain Kurtze, C. Fros&Kouer
36 FERNANDEZ DE OUVTEDO, G.Y. Z~wand YALDEZ D.C. La historia ~ GLOY1N1 ViA. [Travets Areund the
.1ra do a ni-= 3 World on the Naal 009o "Kam-Peterst Toledo, 15231 Sevilla, c1hatI in 13I17,M 113 and 18 19
1535. MYSL Pre"s: Moscow, T1*p.,1517-T8
67 GUEUN, 3$F. Allgernelne Gesch- Animals. 3. Van Voorst: London,IChte der thierischen uridmini-eralisctien Mute. 3.K. MullenErfurt, 3IMP., 1311. 79 KAEMPPER, E. Th itoyo
3 .2 vol., Scheucze, .0016WOA A. Histoire de possons. rrm London, 1727.
Strasbmqx,W.1701 4~0 XA1B.ARA, Y. (Globefish Poisoning
09 GOUAN, A. Hsorde lsn Yornato Hionso, 7
Is Dscritic Anaom-31 KESTELOOT, M. Toxicographie deIqe tebug,22. 70 quelquez poissons et crustacis de
I I& met du Nord. Arch. Mdd. Beig.70 GREVIN, J. Deux U vre des venins. 7,2,18.
Ow. lanim ~is 42p.,32 KOLB, I.N. B3romnatologie ober Ueb-71 GREY!IN, 3. De Venenls. 2 voIl., Owr. erslcht Jrbekanntesten Nah-
Planting ,&iiI~e~q37 1. 1 rungsmittel der Bewohner deverschiedenen Welttheile, nattz-
72 aJILLA, R.P. VE N0hstorisch wimit Hinseisung aufSDe Saint & aUn:'ar s, en £iatetischen und p a -ao
175S yai3hnWrh.~ Pat, Gel-etwtn 5u~wwxurW Hadamar,73 GUMILLA, R.P. Histofre naturefle, M3p., 1326.
oqueet es winciTi~rivifes 13 LABBEY, L. Su~r 1es accidents caumtss- etr vira au pw les moules. 3. Chim. Mi.
*74 HEINDERSON~, P.&. Came cq poiso- 34 LAC6*PDDE, B.C., DE. Histoire Nat-Jv from the bonito (Scomber urelie des Poiswmons'a j u
*75 H!RNANDEZ, P. Qutr Libros de 15 LACiPiDE, 5.13., DE. Histoire Nat-.Naturaiea, y Virtij". d1i urelle des Poissons, per M. l
O~irde ?! si Comte d acdte suite etReceivedio en el Uso de Medicinta conmpeleent des oeuvres de
eIsReeEsplaf. Diego U~i Builloi. 5 Vol., Paris, 131.-u~vuo~exco, 613 36LACitPDE, B.G., DE. Npa e-
76 HOUTTUYN, M. Nauryk His- schichte der Fl3tche. 2~ditorte. 17 vol., Amtrdro 1767 3 vols., D5esrnarest (edl.), Paris,
1333-33~.
*77 3ANItRE, S. Recherches stir le- 87 LAdtPiDE, B.G., DE and DUMýR1L,poissons v~n~neux dsw I& Guade- A.H.A. Dictionmaire des Sciencesloupe. Ann. Sm Rm :cad. Natureiles. 60vo. Paris, 1116-
-, , 88 LAN4PRIERE, W. Popular Lectures783 OHNSTON, C. Introduction to on the Study oiThfRatiy
Conchology or Eliýe-ents RFthe and the Sciences, Veigetable PhysNattral History of MoffluSCOUS TologAy, Zoology, the Animal and
&Wand the 100 MIURA, Z. (Globe fish poisoning)U ~MeR e & Keicho Kunlmnxshu. (ca.) 1600.
W w o 14. 30 101 MOREAU DE 3ONNiS, A. ew
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F& Wrla mth, Elder & Co.: Lon- Med. Chir. Pharm., PaiiiI73IdDI-164p., 1339. 152L.
90 LINNAEUSt C. Syte&Naturae. 102 MOLLER, 3. and TROSCHEL, P~.HLugduni 8atavQirU llX79. Has ctylgce Berlin,
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92 LOCKE, 3. An extract of a letter crpinse itra 4 v;R., N.WrittAn to the p~Mlsher by Mr. 3. MoilI~ezietliuIV:tvnla, 1 733LaI ' about poisonous fish In one- 1106.of the Bahama hisUnd. Phil.
4.4Trams. Ray. Soc. A~ 312, 16ff3T 104 MUNIER, L. Sur la maladle occasion-Mde par dill erints. poL~soso de
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Animals ______ an2inrl7, &HZO 1774.for 3. uuo..wlni uxifwrd, 161.
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ad Madulsa. Trn.zo.JK
k~i.13 1541.106 NICOL, 3. The Life and Adventures
95 ML dufra Ra itryo h Ises of 3olwi Nicol Mariner. Edin-
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for pobsonlrIj Shoen 3Ico, 73 des poissons empolsonnds, etc.Amn. Clinc. Rec. Period. (Monm-
97 MARTIN9 R.M. History of dw British peilier) M, 3TY,71113.* ~Colonies. Coctwane London, vol._
4,p.-R 136 j3 3. 103 NIEREMBERG, 3.Z. Kistoria Nat-* urae. Plantinlana B. Moreti:
SMARTYR, P. De Orbe NovolTh An-tverpiao, 1635.El Wit Decad-es a-Iier Martyr
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St. Thomas, St. Croix, und St.99MEYER, P.D. Oni the poisoxnou qual- Jean. &rMM~er: Leipzig, 171.
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Plinius Secundus. Hollian, P.113 PARE, A. Oeuivres Comp1letes (tanii ) Londo, 1601.
d'Ambroise Far, Bok23,Tri-tant des venins et morsurie 124 PONTOPPIDIAN, E.L. Versuch einer
chesergs G. Cavellat: nati~riichen Historic von Nor--Faris4 175. ween 2 vol.,~ Mumme, F.E.
(edJ ausdem Danischen Z~ber-114 PARELIUS, 3. Beschreibung einiger setzt van 3.A. Scheiben, Flens-
Sternrochen oder Asteriden, Part burg and Leipzig, 1753-54.4. K. Norsice videnskabers sels-Icab, Trondhjen Schriften aus dem 123 PRESTWICH, 3. Prestwich's Disser-Dintischen (Gbersetzt, Copenhagen tation on mineral, animal, andLaid Leipzig, p. 349, 177r'. vegetable Poisons; containing a
DesCrietion of Poisons in general,115 PARRA, A. Descri ci6n de difer- trerMne xAcTion, Ellects
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SNomenclaturae Animal Martn-
134 RONDELET, G. Libri de piscibus orum. Hamburgi, 37p., 1624,* marinis. M. Bonhommec Lyons,t
S....3. 146 SENGBUSCH, E. Ober das Fischgift,Smit besonderer Berulcksichtigung
135 RONDELET, G. Universae aqua- der'in Russland vorgekommenentIll•un historlae .... Matthi Veigiftungen durch gesaizenelcnhomme: Lugdurd, 1554. Flsdie. Med. Zeitung Russlands
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'-I4
!8
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9
CHAPTER II
GENERAL WORKS
r " This chapter contains citations for most of the important books,papers, and reports treating of the overall problem of venomous or poisonousmarine animals, as well as those which deal with more than one or many ofthe animal's poisons. Some standard textbooks on marine animals have beenIncluded, when such books were found to contain a significant amount ofdata on the etiology of the animal's poisonousness, the general structure andfunction of the venom' apparatus, or the general nature of marine animnaltoxins.
In some cases, works are cited when two or more marine toxins havebeen discussed In the body of presentation, particularly if such citationspresent comparative data. In those cases where specific data are involved,the dtations in this Chapter will also be noted in the chapter dealing withthat phylum.
A number of general works written between 1850 and 1910 touch uponvenomous marine animals, but few of tiLese contribute information beyond-the texts cited in Chapter 1, and for that reason they have not been noted.
It0
167 ACKERMANN, D. Biogene Amine 179 ANON. 3aws that bite, things thatund andere Inhaltsstoffe der sting (An interview with Dr. F.E.Tler-und Pflanzenwelt. Ber. Russell). In, Back to Basics.Phsik-Med. Ges. W(irzburg-70 Cohen, 1.3. (ed.), E.M. Books:1, 1962. N.Y., 1979.
163 ACKERMANN, D. and KUTSCHER, 180 APENKOV, A.F., POTAPOV, A.V.F. Comparative biochemistry of and SIMASINA, T.M. (Renderingthe vertebrates and inverte- first aid and the treatment ofbrates. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 5, lesions from poisonous marine433, 1936. animals.) Med. Sestra 37, 35,
1980. -169 ALAM, M. Marine biotoxins. In,
Environment and Health. Trieff, 181 ARNOULD. Noveaux 6lments d'Hy-N.M. (ed.), Arbor Science: Ann gjine. 3.B. Bailli re et Fils:Arbor, p. 479, 1980. Paris, 76 3p., 1881.
170 ALBAHARY, C. and BUDKER, P. 182 ARTHUS, M. In, Trait4 de physiol-Dangers des animaux aquatiques. ogie normale et pathologigue,In, Encyclopedie Medicochirurpi Tome I, Physiologie g•ndrale.cale. Begon, C. (ed.), Editions Roger, G.H. and Binet, L. (eds.),Tici-raris, 1958. Masson & Cie: Paris, p. 1113,
1933.171 ANON. Venomous bites and stings. 13
Mon. Cyclop. pract. Med., Phila- 183 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, F., ELIAS,delphia 12ý 219, 11'8. P.S. et al. Problems of toxicants
in marine food products. 1. Mar-172 ANON. Hazards of water sports. ine biotoxins. Bull. Wld. Hlth.
What's New 208, 20, 1958. 2r& 42, 69, 1970.
173 ANON. Bibliography on bites, stings 184 BAKER, C.T. and MURPHY, V.and arachnidism. Texas 3. Med. Handbook of Marine Science, Vol.56 888, 1960. 1, Compounds from Marine Organ-
isms. CRC Press: Cleveland,174 ANON. Deadly sea beasts or life- 1976.
savers? Sci. News 90, 498, 1966.185 BALDONI, A. jPoisons placed on the
17, ANON. Additional research on the surface of mammalian hearts.)biology of venomous marine ani- Minerva Biol. 4, 16, 1906.Mals of Southeast Asia. Com-merce Bus. Daily. p. 15, March 186 BANFIELD, E.3. The confessions of a27, 1970. beachcomber. In, Garden of
Coral. 3rd edit., Australasian176 ANON. Further research on the Publ. Co.: Sydney, 1913.
ecology, behavior and toxicity ofvenomous marine animals. Corn- 187 BANNER, A.H. Poisonous marinenmerce Bus. Daily, p. 3, May 20, animals, a synopsis. J. forens.1970. Sci. 12, 180, 1967.
177 ANON. The sting of the sea. 188 BANNER, A.H. Marine toxins fromEmery. Med. 3, 64, 1971. the Pacific, I. Advances in the
investigation of fish toxins. In,178 ANON. Water, water everywhere. Animal Toxins. Russell, F.E. and
EmerR. Med. 5, 108, 1973.
11%
Saunders, P.R. (eds.), Pergamon: 199 BROCQ-ROUSSEAU, D. and FABRE,Oxford, p. 157, 1967. R. Les Toxalbumines. Hermann
& Cie: Paris, p. 6, 15, 25, 1942.1*9 BANNER, A.H. The biological origin
and transmission of ciguatoxin. 200 BROOKS, V.J. and JACOBS, M.B.In, Bioactive Compounds from the Poisons: Properties, Chemical -
!!" -'i. i'iSea, Vol. 1, Marine Science. Identification, Symptoms andRu'mm, H.. and Lane, C.E. Emergency Treatment. 2nd edit.,(eds.), Dekker: N.Y., p. 15, 1974. Van Nostrand- N.Y., 72p., 1958.
190 BANNER, A.H. Hazardous marine 201 BROWN, M.E. The Physiology ofanimals. In, Forensic Medicine: Fishes. 2 vol., Academic: N.Y.,A Study of Trauma and Environ- .15p., 1957.mental Hazards, Vol. III, Environ-mental HazarTs. TedeschG' 202 BUCKLEY, E.E. and PORGES, N.,Eckert, W.G. and Tedeschi, L.G. editors. Venoms. A.A.A.S.:(eds.), W.B. Saunders: Philadel- Washington, 4 p., T956.phia, p. 1348, 1977.
203 CALMETTE, A. Contribution .191 BASLOW, MJI. Marine Pharma- l'tude des venins, des toxines et
cology. A Stud of Toxins and des srums antitoxiques. Ann.Other 5iolo&!cally Active Sub- Inst. Pasteur 9, 225, 1995. -
stances of Marine Origin. Wil- I9liams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1969. 204 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Les Ani-
maux Venimeux et la SrothRr-192 BASLOW, M.H. Marine toxins. Ann. a ie Antivenimeuse. Masson '-
Rev. Pharmacol. 11 447, 197T-:- Cin: Paris, 396p., 1907.
193 BISSET, N.G. Hunting poisons in the 205 CALMETTE, A. Venoms. VenomousNorth Pacific region. Uoydia 39, Animals and Antivenomous$7, 1976. Serun-Theraeutics. 2ohn Bale,
Sons & Danielson London, 403p.,194 BLANCHARD, M.R. Traitd de Zool- 1908.
og¶dcale. 2 vol., 3.B. Bi1-hr&F13FParis, 63 3p., 1890. 206 CAMERON, A.M. Toxicity phenom-
ena in coral reef waters. Proc.195 BLYTHE, A.W. Poisons. Their 2nd Intern. Coral Reef Symp. 1,
Effects and Detection, Vol. II. 513, 1974.W. Wood: N.Y., 1885.
207 CASTELLANI, A. and CHALMERS,196 BODET, R. Trait6 d'H-ygi~ne, de AJ. Venomous animals. In,
M~decine et de Chirurie Manual of Tropical Medicine. 3rdNavales. Paris, 1896. edit., Wm. Wood & Co.: N.Y.,
1919.197 BOTTARD, A. Les Poissons Veni-
meux: Contribution b iHygi~ne 208 CHARNOT, A. La toxicologie auNavale. Octave Dion: Paris, Maroc. M6m.Soc.Sci. nat. MarocT Tffp', . 8 8 9. (47), 86, 1905,
198 BRIGGS, M.H. The chemistry of ani- 209 CHATIN, 3. Venin. N. Dict. med.mal venoms. Sci. Prog. 48, 456, chir. prat. Paris 39, 1, 1886.1960. i P 9
210 CHENTSOV, B.V. (Toxic and anti-microbial substances in the
12
tissues of some sea inverte- 220 CLELAND, 3.8. and SOUTHCOTT,brates.) rud. Murmanskogo R.V. Injuries to Man from MarineMorsk. BMW. Inst. Aka. Nauk. Invertebrates in the AustralianS.S.S.R. (4), 244, 1962. Re in. Commonwealth Aust.. .,,an erra, 1965."•':;
211 CHEVALLIER, A. and DUCHESNE,LEA. Mdmoire sur les empoison- 221 COLBY, M. Poisonous marine ani- ,nements par les huitres, les mals in the Gulf of Mexico.mottes, les crabes, et par certain Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci. 26, 62,poissons de mer et de riviire. 1943.Ann. Hyg. Pub., Paris 45.(11), 387;46 (1), I68, 151. 222'CONTARDI, A. and LATZER, P.
[Animal poisons.) Giorn. chim.212 CHIESA, 3J.A.L. Peces. Buenos ind. applicata 9, 55, 1926.
Aires, 303p., 194f "223 COURVILLE, D.A., HALSTEAD, "
213 CLELAND, 3.B. Injuries and diseases B.W. and HESSE, D.W. Marineof man in Australia attributable biotoxitts: isolation and proper-to animals (except insects). Aust. ties. Chem. Rev. 58, 235, 1958.med. Gaz. 32 (11), 269, 191..
224 COUTANCE, A. Le poison k l'aurore214 CLELAND, 3.B. Injuries and diseases de la vie, leur production, leur .:.
of man in Australia attributable fonctions pendant la vie--dangersto animals (except insects). Aust. et utilitd pour 1'homme. In,-med. Gaz. 32, (12), 295, 191 Venins et Poisons. 3. Rothschild:
Paris, 1888.215 CLELAND, 3J.B. Injuries and diseases
of man in Australia attributable 225 COUTI•RE, H. Poissons venimeux etto animals, except those due to poissons vdnt~neux. These,snakes and insects. 6th Rept., AGREG, 9cole Super. Pharm.,Govt. Bur. Microbiol., Dpt. Pub. Paris, 2 17p., 1899.Hith., N.S.W., 266, 1916.
226 CUENOT, L. Les moyens de d6fense216 CLELAND, 3.8. Injuries and diseases dans la sirie animale. Encyc. Sci.
in Australia attributable to ani- des aides-memoire, Paris, 1892.mais (except insects). Med. 3.Aust. (2), 339, 1924. 227 DE CLERCQ, M. AperSu sur les
recherches, scientifiques effect-217 CLELAND, 3.t. Injuires and diseases uoes dans le domaine de ia toxi-
in Australia attributable to ani- cologie marine. Les animaux mar-mals (other than insects). Med. 3. ins toxicophores. Ann. Biol. 3,
(2), 157, 1932. 429, 1964.
218 CLELAND, 3.8. Injuries and diseases 228 DEICHMANN, W.B. (Organizer).in Australia attributable to ani- Toxicology and Occupationalmals (insects excepted). Series V: Medicine. (Proc. Ist Inter-Amer.Mammals, fish, spiders and ticks Conf., Key Biscayne, Fla.), 1973.etcetera, shellfish, sponges, Pro-.tozoa. Med. 3. Aust. (2), 313, 229 DOIG, M.T., MARTIN, D.F. and1942. PADILLA, G.M. Marine bioactive
agents: chemical and cellular cor-219 CLELAND, 3.8. Injuries from ani- relates. In, Marine Pharmacog-
mals. Med. 3. Aust. (2), 490, 1942. nosy. Action of Marine Biotoxinsat the Cellular Level. Martin,
13
,( •
•W,•• -•'+' •, +::• . . . . .. . • ...- o.L .S. .~. .- +. +o d
'D.F. Od PadUila, G.M. (eds.), 241 FISH, C.3. and COBB, M.C. NoxiousAcademic N.Y., p. 1, 1973. marine animals of the central and
... DA ,.adDwestern Pacific Ocean. U.S. Fish.S 230 DRAKE," F0 and DRAKE, K. The WiMldd.Res.Rept. (36), 45p., 1954.
wonderland of Australia's GreatBarrier Reef. Read. Dig.,p. 162, 242 FISHER, A.A. Atlas of Aquatic"March, 1967. Dermatolog. Grune & Stratton:N.Y., 112p,, 1978. •i:.
231 DYMSZA, H-, SHIMIZU, Y.,RUSSELL, F.E. and GRAHAM, 243 FISHER, A.A. and ORRIS, W.L.H.D. Poisonous marine animals. Aquatic contact dermatitis.In, The Safety of Foods. Graham, Cutis 12,687, 1973.HZ. [edJ, A vi u.3 Westport,Conn., p. 625, 1930. 244 FLECKER, H. Injuries produced by
marine organisms in tropical Aus- "232 EAKER, D. and WADSTR6M, T., tralia. Med. 3. Aust. (2), 556,
editors. Natural Toxins. (Proc. 1957.6th Intern. Symp. Animal, Plant,Microb. Toxins, Uppsala, August 245 FLURY, F. Ober tierische Gifte.1979), Pergamon: Oxford, 1980. Berl. kiln. Wochschr. 56, 906,1919.--""
233 EDMONDS, C. eouS MarineAnimals of the Indo-Pacific 246 FLURY, F. Tierische Gifte und ihreRegio. Wedneil Publ.: Newport, Wirkung. Handb. norm. path.S, ior i p 19 5 hil .3 102, 1929.
234 EMERSON, G.A. and TAFT, C.H. 2*7 FONSECA, F., DE. Animals Pecon-Pharmacologically active agents hentos. Inst. Butantan: 5o Paulo,from the sea. Tex. Rept. Biol. 1949.Med. 3, 302, 194."
248 FONTAINE, M. Les sciences pharm- .6235 ENDEAN, R. Venomos marine ani- aceutiques et l'exploitation des
mals. Aust. Territories 5, 31, oceans. Ann. pharm. franc. 20,1965. 73, 1%2.
236 ENDEAN, R. Marine toxins. Sci. 3. 249 FOX, D.L. Perspectives in marine2, 57, 196. biochemistry. Ann. N.Y. Acad.
Sci. 90, 617, 1960.237 EVANS, H.M. Sting-fish and Sea-
farer. Farbe r: Londn, 250 FREUDENTHAL, H.D., editor.iUS., 1943. Drugs from the Sea. (Transac.
Drugs f rom Sea Symp., Univ.238 FABRE, R. Taxicologie et oc~ano- Rhode IsI., August 1967), Mar. 6
graphie. Rev. gdn. Sci. put. app. Tech. Soc:. Washington, 1967.67, 11, 1960.
251 FURTH, 0., VON. Tierische Gifte.239 FAULKNER, D.J. The search for In, Vergleichende chemische
drugs from the sea. Oceanus 22, Physiologie der niederen Tiere.(2), 44, 1979. G. Fischer- Jena, 1903.
240 FAUST, E.S. Die '"lerischen Gifte. 252 GALLER, S.R. Marine life: friendFriedrich Vieweg & Sohn: Braun- and foe of the fleet. Nay. Res.schweig, 248p., 1906. Rev., p. 4, April-May, 1-9f6T -
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264 HALSTEAD, B.W. Unexploited ocean254 GELLER, 3.P. Les dangers de la resources. Med. Arts Scd. 11, 72,
fauna sous-marine des c~tes fran- 1957..aise. Th~se, Toulouse Univ., 2T Br i-1978. 265 HALSTEAD, B.W. Dangerous Marine
Animals. Cornell Maritime Press:255 GESSNER, 0. Tierische Gifte. In, Cambridge, Maryland, 146p.,Handbuch der experimentelen 1959.
Pharmakoloiie. 3ulius Springer: .BerLin, vol.6,p. 61, 81, 1938. 266 HALSTEAD, B.W. Poisonous and
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,I
4
' * 23
CHAPTER II .-I
PROTISTA(Protozoa and Algae)
References for the toxic Protista are cited in this chapter. Protistaconstitute a kingdom taxon suggested for the not-quite-plant/not-quite-animal ancestors of living things. The term is used to denote thoseunicellular plant and animal organisms which have remained at the simplecellular grade of construction. Among the protistans are variousprotozoans, unicellular algae, such as the diatoms and dinoflagellates; andthe multicellular algae, such as the green, brown, and ted algae, oftenclassified with the Plantae. The marine Protista are widely distributedthroughout neretic waters and in the high seas from the polar oceans to thetropics. At least SO species are known to be toxic to man and other animals.Most of these are of the order Dinoflagellata.
The literature on the algae is massive. Separating marine from fresh-water algae also presents a problem. However, we have included most ofthe citations that we felt would be of interest to toxinologists, and wesuggest, if additional information cn algae is needed, that the reader consultthe fine review of Schwimmer and Schwimmer (1968) and the severalupdates.
In generalq when the term paralytic shellfish poisoning, musselpoisoning, clam poisoning, or Gonaula., poisoning has been used thereference will be cited in Chapter VII, but when the article also attends to aprotistan, the reference will be included in this chapter. If the article dealscnly with a dlnoflagellate bloom, and not necessarily with poisonousmolluscs, the title will appear only in this chapter. In some cases, where .blooms, paralytic shellfish poisoning, Gonyaulax or clam poisoning, and fishpoisoning are noted, the title may also appear in Chapters MI, VII, and IX.However, readers desiring titles on paralytic shellfish poisoning should firstconsult Chapter VII.
24
4134 ABBOTT, B.C. and BALLANTINE, bloom of Gonyaulix sp. in OwaseD. The toxin from Gymnodinium Bay. Nihon Suisan-'akkal Shi 42,veneficum Ballantine. J. mar. 671, 1976.7Niol. sso. U.K. 36, 169,-•1.T-
442 ADACHI, R. and FUKUYO, Y. The433 ABBOTT, B. and PASTER, Z. The thecal structure of a marine dino-
action of the toxins from G flagellate Garnbierdiscus toxicusnodiniumn breve. In, ToxinsWof gen. et sp. Nov. coll ez in'a. nimaF i Plant Origin. ciguatera-endemic area. Bull.DeVries, A. and Kochva, E. Jpn. Soc. scient. Fish. 45-•,7(edsJ, Gordon & Breach: N.Y., 17.-Vol. 2, p. 761, 1972; see alsoToxicon 8, 120, 1970 (Abst.). 443 ADAMS, HJ., BLAIR, M.R., JR. and
TAKMAN, B.H. The local aries-436 ABBOTT, B. and WHITE, A. Toxi- thetic activity of saxitoxin alone
genesis in dinoflagellates. In, and with vasoconstrictor andToxic Dinoflagellate Blooms. local anesthetic agents. Arch.(Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf.), Taylor, intern. Pharmacodyn. The-ra."-D.L. and Seliger, H.H. (eds.), 224, 275, 1976.Elsevier/North-Holland: N.Y.,Vol. 1, p. 494, 1979. 444 ADAMS, 3.A., SEATON, D.D.,
BUCHANON, 3.B. and LONG-437 ABBOTT,, B.C., SIGER, A. and BOTTOM, M.R. Biological obser- -
SPIEGELSTEIN, M. Toxins from vations asociated with the toxicthe blooms of Grnod nium phytoplankton bloom off the eastbreve. In, Proceedirs ot the coast. Nature 220, 24, 1968.firs nternational Conferencon Toxic Uinoflagellate Blooms. 445 AGUILAR-SANTOS, G. and DOTY,LoCicero, V.R. (ed.), Mass. Sci. M.S. Chemical studies on threeTech. Found.: Wakefield, Mass., species of the marine algalp. 335, 1975. species Caulerpa. In, Drugs from-.
the Sea. Freuenthal, H.D.T(ed.),4#3 ABBOTT, I.A. and WILLIAMSON, Mar. -ech. Soc.: Washington,
EJ. Limu-An Ethnobotanical p. 173, 1968.Study of Some Edible Hawaiian
Seaweeds. Pac. Trop. Botan. 446 AIYAR, R.G. Mortality of fish offG-arde-nKaual, p. 8, 1974. the Madras coast in 3une, 1935.
Curr. Sci. (India) 4, 488, 1936.439 ABEDI, Z.H. and SCOTT, PA.M
Detection of toxicity of afla- 447 AKIBA, T. [Study of poisons oftoxin, sterigmatocystin and Venerupis semidecussata andother fungal toxins by lethal Usitr'ea-'igas.1 NihonSIj himpoaction on zebra fish larvae. 3. f7 194-3.Assoc. Off. anal. Chem. 52, 96T,1969. 448 AKIBA, T. [Study of poisoning by
yenerupis semidecussata and440 ADACHI, R. Studies on a dino- Ostrea gigas and their poisonous
flagellate Peridinium polonicum sub•ances-n. Nissin Igaku 36, 1,Woloszyns h The structure of 1949.the skeleton. 3. Fac. Fish.Prefect Univ. Mie 6,= 7,965. 449 AKIBA, T. Food poisoning due to
oysters and baby clams in 3apan,441 ADACHI, R. Occurrence of toxic and toxicological effects of the
bivalves in association with the toxic substance. 10th Pac. Sci.
2,
Cong., Honolulu, p. 446, 1961 439 ALLAN, J. Poison~ous shellfish. Med.(Abt.). 3. Aust. (2), .554t 1935. -
450 AKIBA, T. and HATTORI, Y. Food *0 ALTER, A.3 Studies show poison in0P niong• caused by eating asa i some shellfish year-round.
__is gemdec_ _ta) and Alaska's Hlth. 11, 1, 1954.
oyster trea g 9 and studies .on the to ic sbstance, venerupin. 461 AMERIAN PUBLIC HEALTH3pn. 3. exp. Med. 20, 271, 19*9. ASSOCIATION. Recommended
Procedures for the Examination451 ALAM, M. Physiological and chem- of Sea Water and Shellfish. 4th
Ica; studies on Gymnodinium edit.4 Am. Pub. Htth. -Assoc.:breve Davis toxin. oxicon 10, Washington, 1970. .
*62 ANDER ON, D.M. and MOREL,452 ALAP., M., SASNER, 3.3., 3R. and F.M.M. Toxic dinoflagellate
* XAWA, M. Isolation of Gyno- bloorns in the Cape Cod region ofdinium breve toxin from Florida Massachusetts. In, Toxic Dino-
red t te Toxicon 11, 201, flagellate Blooms. (Proc. 2nd1973. Inter. Conf.), Taylor, D.L. and
Seliger, H.H. (eds.), Else-453 ALAM, M., IKAWA, M., SASNER, vier/North-Holland: N.Y., Vol. 1,
3.3., JR. and SAWYER, P.3. Puri- p. 14ý, 1979.fication of A4nzomenon ilos-;re toxin an d ical-n 463 ANDERSON, D.M. and WALL, D.iyilogical properties. Toxicon Potential importance of benthic
1ll 65, 1973. cysts of Gonyaulax tamarensisandG. excavata in initiatingtoxic
454 ALAM, M., TRIEFF, N.M., RAY, S.M. "agelate Rlooms. J. Ph l.and HUDSON, 3.E. Isolation and 14, 22*, 19i78.partial characterization of toxins - Ifrom dinoflagellate Grnnodinium 464 ANDERSON, L.S. Toxic shellfish inbreve Davis. 3. pharmn Sci. 64, British Columbia. Am. 3. pub.UT,1975. Hlth.50, 71, 1960.
*53 ALDRICH, D.V. Photoautotrophy in *5 ANISIMOV, M.M., PROKOFIEVA,Gmnodinium breve Davis. N£;.G KOROTKIKH, L.Y., KAPU- -2Science 137, 93,19d. STINA, I.1. and STONIK, V.A.
Comparative study of cytotoxic*56 ALDRICH, D. and WILSON, W. The activity of triterpene glycosides
effect of salinity on growth of from' marine organisms. ToxiconGy=nodinium breve Davis. Biol. 18, 221, 1980.
46 ANON. Propriet's v~n~neuses des*57 ALDRICH, D.V., RAY, S.M. and moules. 3. Pharm. Chim., Paris
WILSON, W.B. Gonyaulx monil- 187, 298, 1871.ata: population growth- an
-velopment of toxicity in cul- 467 ANON. Fish poisons. "Notes andtures. 3. Protozool. 14,636,1967. comments.' U.S. Nay. med. Bull.
20, 466, 1924.453 ALLAN, 3. Shellfish poisoning. Aust.
Mu. Mag. 5, 393, 1935. 1968 ANON. Shellfish poisoning. Week.Bull.:Oregon Bd. HIth. 20, 1, J9-T..
26
I
••/ N
""69 ANON. Shellfish poisoning occurs observations. Proc. Hawaii Acad. -rarely In British Columbia. Sci., 34th Ann.Meet., p. 18, 1959. .Con. Fish. Weekly 8, 231, 1942.
r83 ASANO, M. Poisoning from ingestionr*#O ANON. The dinoflagellates, their of the brown alga, Nemacystus
distribution, occurrence, and decipiens. Bull. Tohoku Branch -toxicity. U.S. Eng, Div., Mem. i. oscent. Fish. 24, 3, 1973. .Rept. Ser. (TSEAA - 691 - 30),1947. #88 ASANO, M. and ITOH, M. Are
oysters edible during the summer471 ANON. Red tide studies. U. Miami, months? Tohoku J. agric. Res.
117p., 1954. 12, 239, 191.
472 ANON. Tests show clams and mus- 485 ASANO, M., TAKAYANAGI, F. andsels are poisonous in some cases. FURUHARA, Y. Studies on fishAlMka's HIth. 12, 3, 1955. and shellfish toxins. II. Callistin
poisoning in the vicinity of Mori-#73 ANON. Experimental paralytic machi, Hokkaido. 3. Hokkaido
shellfish poisoning. Nutr. Rev. fish. Sci. Inst. 7, 26, 1950.24€, 127, 1966. :•'21 ASSOC. OFF. AGRIC. CHEM.
474 ANON. Poisoned mussels. Nature Paralytic shellfish poison, bio-218, 1000, 1968. logical method (20). In, Official
Methods of Analysis of the Asso-#75 ANON. Mussels not for eating. ciation of Official Agricultural
Nature 220, 13, 1968. Chemists. 10th edit., Washing-tn, p. M5, 1970.
476 ANON. Poisonous, red tide. NewScientist 38, 57,. t968. 487 AUDEBERT, C. and LAMOUREUX,
P. Eczema professionnel du marin477 ANON. The grew. mussel mystery. p•:heur par contact de
Sciences!9 30, 1969. bryozoaIres in Baie de Seine(premiers cas fran~ais 1975-
478 ANON. Structure of saxitoxb 1977). Ann. Derm. Venereol.BioScience 22, 311, 1972. (Paris) 105, 187, 1978.
479 ANON. Red tide research flows on. 488 AVARIA, S. Red tides off the coastBioScience 26, 223, 1976. of Chile. In, Toxic Dinoflpellate
Blooms. (Proc. 2nd Intern. C .- ''#80 ANON. Report of the World Health TiV1oF D.L. and Sefip'-., H.H.
Organization expert consultation (eds.), Elsevier/Nor- ... lland:on paralytic shellfish poisoning. N.Y., Vol. 1, p. 161, 3.Meeting, WId. HIth. Org., West -
Berlin, Dec. 5-8, 1978. 489 AZIZ, K. Diarrhea toxin obtainedfrom a waterbloom-producing
481 ARNOLD, H.L. and BONNET, D.D. species, Microcystis aeruginosaSwimmers' itch: its first appear- Kutzing. Science 183, f126, 17f.974'-ance in Hawaii. Proc. HawaiiAcad. Sci. 25, 4, 1 M.- 490 BADEN, D.G. Metabolism and
toxinology of the marine482 ARNOLD, H.L., GRAUER, F.H. and
CHU, G.W.T.C. Sea weeddermatitis apparently caused bya marine alga. Clinical
027 ""
.0',oo- -
"dinoflagellate, G~,nnodinium 499 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and 0breve. Dissertation, Univ. YASUMOTO, T. Mise en evidence.M-ai, 1977. d'un dinoflagelle responsable en
puissance de la ciguatera. Rev."491 BADEN, D.G. and MENDE, T-3. intern. Ocdanogr. mjd. 45,-9,,
"Glucose transport and metabol- i77."I3m by Florida's red tide, Gymno-dinium breve. Phytochemistry 500 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. andL7. .• 33-•-073. YASUMOTO, T. Presence in a. dinoflagellate of toxins respon-
*'." 492 BADEN, D.G., MENDE, T.3. and sible for ciguatera. Rev. intern., BLOCK, R.E. Two similar toxins Oceanogr. Med. 45, 29, 1977.
isolated from Gymnodiniumbreve. In, Toxic Dinoflagellate 501 BAGNIS, R., DENIZOT, M., DROL-
ms. (Proc. 2d Intern. LET, 3. and LAIGRET, 3. Blo-
.- T, Taylor, D.L. and Seliger, topes ciguaterigenes en PolynesieH.H. (eds.), Elsevier/North-Hol- fran~aise. Rev. Inst. Ocdanogr.land: N.Y., Vol. 1, p. 327, 1979. med. 35, 213, T7.__
493 BAGNIS, R. A propos de quelques cas 502 BAGNIS, R., HURTEL, 3.M.V,d'intoxications par des mollusques FUKUYO, Y., INOUE, A. anddu genera "Benities" dans une Ile YASUMOTO, T. Quelques as-de la Societd. Bull. Soc. Path. pects morphologijques et biolo-exot. 60, 580, 1967. giques du dinoflagelle responsable *'A"
probable de ia ciguatera. C.R.*94 BAGNIS, R. Contribution A l'tude de hebd. Sanc. Sci., Paris, Ser. D
l'ichtyotoxisme en Polyndsie 289, 639, 1979.francaise. Rev. intern. Ocdan-ogr. mled., 6, 89, 1967. 503 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, F., ELIAS,
P.S. et al. Problems of toxicants*95 BAGNIS, R. Toxicity of the surgeon- in marine food products. 1. 0
fishesn.B 3. . scient. Marine biotoxins. Bull. Wid.Fish. 37, 724, 1971. HIth. Org. 42, 69, 1970.
*96 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and 504 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S.,YASUMOTO, T. Un agent Etio- CHUNGUE, E. et al. Origins oflogique vraisemblable de la cig- ciguatera fish pis-ning: a newuatera. C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. D dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus285, 105, 1977. toxicus Adachi and Fukuyo,
deinitively involved as a causal*497 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and agent. Toxicon 18, 199, 1980.
YASUMOTO, T. Signification destoxines presentes dans les amas 505 BAGNIS, R., HURTEL, 3.M.,biodertriques recouvrant les CHANTEAU, S. et al. The dino-substrats coralliens morts. Bull. flagellate Gambrerdi-cus toxicusSoc. Path. exot. 70, 320, 1977. Adachi and Fukuyo: a probable
cause of ciguatera. C.R. Acad.498 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and Sci. Ser. D 289, 671, 1579.
YASUMOTO, T, Ddcouverte d'unagent etiologique vraisemblable 506 BAKER, P.F. and RUBINSON, K.A.de la ciguatera. C.R. hebd. Chemical modification of crabSanc. Acad. Sci. 28, 105, 1977. nerves can make them insensitive
to the local anaesthetics
28 0
* /
tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. 314 BANNARD, R.A.B. and CASSEL-Nature 257, 412, 1975. MAN, A.A. Clam poison. III.
Paper electrophoresis of clam507 BAKUS, G.3. An ecological hypoth- poison. Can. 3. Chem. 40, 1649,
es!s for the evolution of toxicity 1962.in marine organisms. In, Toxinsof Animal and Plant Origin. 515 BANNARD, R.A.B., GREENHALGH,DeVries, A. and Kochva, E. R. and CASSELMAN,A.A. Clam
(eds.), Gordon & Breach: N.Y., p. poison. V. Hydrolysis of clam57, 1971. poison under mild conditions.
DeW. Res. Chem. Labs. Can.3M BALLANTINE, D. Two new marine Rept. (358), 1961.
species of Gymnodinium isolatedfrom the Plymouth area: *. mar. 516 BANNER, A.H. A derrnatitis- A.-Biol. Assoc. U.K. 35, 467, 19536 producing algae in Hawaii: pre-'
liminary report. Hawaii med. 3.509 BALLANTINE, D. mand ABBOTT, B.C. 19, 33, 1959.
Toxic marine flagellates, theiroccurrence and physiological 517 BANNER, A.H. Marine toxins fromeffects on animals. 3. gen. Mic- the Pacific, I. Advances in therobioL. 16, 274, 1957. investigation of fish toxins. In,
Animal Toxins. Russell, F.E. and 7-510 BALLANTINE, D. and SMITH, E.M. Saunders, P.R. (eds.), Pergamon: .
Observations on blooms of the Oxford, p. 157,1967.dinoflagellate G rodinium aureo-lure Hulbert in the River Conway 518 BANNER, A.H. The biological originan its occurrence along the and transmission of ciguatoxin.North Wales coast. Br. Phycol. 3. In, Bioactive Compounds from the8,233,1973. Sea. Humm, H1.. and Lane, C.E.
- J.), Marcel Dek-ker: N.Y.,511 BANNARD, R.A. and CASSELMAN, p. 15, 1974.
A.A. Clam poison. II. A--Enrich-ment of the toxin in clam poison 519 BANNER, A.H. Ciguatera: a diseasetailings by a heavy paper tech- from coral fish. In, Biology and .. • .-nique. B--Applicability of the Geology of Coral Reefs. Jones,technique to large quantities of O.A. and Endean, R. (eds.),tailings. Def. Res. Chem. Labs. Academic: N.Y., Vol. 3, p. 177,Can. Rept. (346), 1961. 1976.
512 BANNARD, R.A.B. and CASSEL- 520 BANNER, A.H. Hazardous marineMAN, A.A. Clam poison. 11. animals. In, Forensic Medicine.Purification of clam poison resi- Tedeschi, C.G., Eckert, W.G., anddues of low toxicity by a heavy- Tedeschi, W.G., (eds.), W.B.paper technique. Can. 3. Chem. Saunders: Philadelphia, p. 1429,39, 1879, 1961. 1977.
513 BANNARD, R.A.B. and CASSEL- 521 BARCHI, R.L. and MURPHY, L.E.MAN, A.A. Clam poison. IV. Size characteristics of the solu-Studies on the nitration of clam bilized sodium channel saxitoxinpoison and moeel compounds. binding site from mammalianDef. Res. Chem. Labs. Can. sarcolemma. Biochim. biophys.Rept. (358), 1961. Acta 597, 391, T90.:
29
-9-°°%
: -22 BARCHI, R.L. and WEIGELE, 3.8. description of a new species." Characteristics of saxitoxin Bull. mar. Sci. Sulf Caribb. 4,
"binding to the sodium channel of 110, 195..sarcolemma isolated from ratskeletal muscle. 3. Physiol. 295, 531 BENDIEN, WJA. and SOMMER, H.383, 1979. Purification of paralytic shellfish
poison by filtration through . .523 BARRETT, B.E. The 1972 red tide active charcoal. Prc. Soc. exp..
In New Hampshire. In, Proceed- Biol. !8, 715, 194 1.igs of the First InternationalConference on Toxic Dinoflagel- 532 BERGMANN, F. Studies on thelate Blooms. LoCicero, V.R. homogeneity of prymnesin, a(edJ, Mass. Sci. Tech. Found.: toxin isolated from PrymnesiumWakefield, Mass., p. 473, 1975. DavmCarter.. Toxicon3, 33,
524 BASLOW,' M.H. Marine Pharma-' l. Williams & Wikins: 533 BERGMANN, F. Studies on theBaltimore, 1969. growth of Prymnesium p "-"'"
Carter (Chrysomonadina) on525 BATES, H.A. and RAPOPORT, H. A the formation of its toxin (prym-
chemical assay for saxitoxin, the nesin). Experientia 22, 790, 1966.paralytic shellfish poison. 3.agric. food Chem. 23, 237, 19757 534 BERGMANN, F., PARNAS, I. and
REICH, K. Observations on the -526 BATES, H.A., KOSTRIKEN, R. and mechanism of action and on the
RAPOPORT, H. A chemical quantitative assay of ichthyo-assay for saxitoxin. Improve- toxin from Prymrnesium parvumments and modifications. 3. Carter. Toxico. a PFarm-agric. food Chem. 26, 252, 1978. acol. 5, 637, 1963.
527 BATES, H.A., KOSTRIKEN, R. and 535 BERGMANN, F., PARNAS, I. andRAPOPORT, H. The occurrence REICH, K. Pharmacologicalof saxitoxin and other toxins in effects of the ichthyotoxin of thevarious dinoflagellates. Toxicon phytoflagellate Prynnesium par- --.
16, 595, 1978. vum. Biochem. Pharnacol. tFCo-nf.--se, p. 126, 1963; see also Bull.
528 BAYNE, B.L., WIDDOWS, 3. and Res. Counc, Israel 10E_, (1:NEWELL, R.I.E. Physiological 1963.-measurements on estuarine bi-valve molluscs in the field. In, 536 BERGMANN, F., PARNAS, I. andBiology of Benthic Marine Or- REICH, K. The action of toxin of
. Keegan, B.F., Ceidigh, Prymnesium parvum Carter onan.md Boaden, P.3.S. (eds.), the guinea-pfig eum. Br. 3. 0
Pergamon: N.Y., p. 57, 1977. Pharmacol. 22, 47, 1964.
529 BAYNE, B.L., LIVINGSTONE, B.R., 537 BERGMANN, W., MC LEAN, M.J.MOORE, M.N. and WIDDOWS, 3. and LESTER, D. Contributions, toA cytochemnical and biochemical the study of marine products,index of stress in Mytilus edulis XIII. Sterols from various marineL. Mar. Pollut. ,S' =7 invertebrates. 3. org. Chem. 8,1975. 271, 1943.
530 BEIN, S.J. A study of certain 538 BERKELEY, C. Toxicity of planktonchromogenic bacteria isolated to Critispira inhabiting thefrom "red tide" water with a
30
crystalline style of a mollusk. 547 BOLTON, B.L., BERGNER, A.D.,: Science 135.. 664, 1%2. O'NEILL, 3.3. and WAGLEY, P.F.
539Effect of a shellfish poison onp539 BeRMAN,s L Formateon of toxic end-plate potentials. Bull. 3ohns
Sprinciples In concentrated cell Hopkins Hosp. 105., 233, 1959.suspensions of _nesium -vum. Thesis, Hebrew Univ., 3eru- 543 BOND, R.M. Management of PSP in.• , 1%0. Canada. In, Proceedings of the
.,.DFirst International Conference on0• BEDFORD, 3.5, Mt, MARTIN, D.F. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms.
and PADILLA, G.M Hemolysis LoCicero, V.R. (ed.), Mass. Sd.Induced by orimner Tech. Found.: Wakefield, Mass.,toxin. Calorimetric studies. p. 473, 1975.Biochem. biptys. Acta 291,T 549 BOND, R.M. and MEDCOF, 3.C.
LEpidemic shellfish poisoning in341 BISHOP, C.,., , E. a , GORHAM, New Brunswick. Dept. Fish.,
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"Blochem. Physiol. _7 453, 1939. 550 BOND, R.M. and MEDCOF, 3.C.Epidemic shellfith poisoning in
542 BLANC, M.H., ZWAHLEN, A. and New Brunswick. In, ConferenceROBERT, M. Symptoms of shell- on Shellfish Toxicoloy, U-fish poisoning. New Encl. 3. Med. Public HIth. S5erv., Spec. Publ.
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541 BLOGOSLAWSKI, W.3. Field studies 551 BOND, R.M. and MEDCOF, 3.C.an ozone Inactivation of a Epidemic shellfish poisoning inGxmnodinium breve toxin. New Brunswick, 1957. Can. med.I.environ. LM5269_,T93 Assoc. 3.,9 19,1 5
W:4 BLOGOSLAWSKI, WE.. and STEW- 552 BONNET, P. and PHILLIPS, 3.B. RedART, M.E. Paralytic shellfish water, its cause and occurrences.•oolson In S I solidissimat Calif. Fish Game 24 55, 1938.anatomical focation and ozonedetoxiflcatlon. Mar. Blol. 45, 553 BONNEVIE, P. Etiologico-
S261, 9197L. pathogenetical experiences of".'o l t professional skin diseases with a
543 BOALCH, G.T. The dlnoflagellate view to their prophylaxis. Actabloom on the coast of South West Derm-venereol. 20, 632, 193.f-
SEngland, August-September 1978.3. mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. •9 51, 5 BONNEVIE, P. Fishermen's "Doger1979. •bank Itch" an allergic contact-
eczema due to the coralline3 6 BO•eANU, N. and USURELU, M. Alcyonidium hirsutum, the "sea-
Dinoflagellate blooms in Roman- chervil." Acta Allergol. 1, 40,ian Black Sea coastal waters. In, 1948.Toxic Dlnoflagellate Blooms.
* (Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf.), Taylor, 555 BORDNER, 3., THIESSEN, W.E..D.L. and Seliger, H.H. (eds.), BATES, H.A. and RAPOPORT, H.Elsevieri North-Holland: N.Y., The structure of a crystalline
. p. 1 1, 1979. derivative of saxitoxin. The
31
C,
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structure of saxitoxin. 3. Am. 3 BRUSSON, 3. Le pitrole du "Torreychem. Soc. 97 600ý 1973.- Canyon' en mer. Penn ar Bed 6,
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poison In sea scallops Placeo- 363 BRYDON, G.A., MARTIN, D.F. andM rnelanicus Gmenin. . OLANDER, W.K. Laboratory cul-
FihRes. B Can. 22, 1137, turing of the Florida red-tideorganism, Gymnedinium breve.Environ. Lett-. 7772T571971,I.-
357 BOYER, G.L. Chemical investiga-tions of the toxins produced by 36 BUCKLEY, L.J. Chemical studies onmarine dinoflagellates. Disserta- the toxins of the marine dino-tion, Univ. Wisconsin, 1980. flagellate Gon aulax tamnarensis
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SCHNOES, H.K. Characteriza- Dissertation, Univ. New Hamp-tion of I 1-hydroxy-saxitoxin shire, 1973.sulfatel a major toxin in scallopsexposed to blooms of the poison- 367 BUCKLEY, L.J., IKAWA, M. andoa dinoflagellate Gonaulax SASNER, 3J., JR. Purificationta.arensIs. Chem. Commun_.20 of two Gonulax tamarensis"WFTl73 toxins fro c ams i arenaria)
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360 BRAARUD, A.T. Marine plankton- 5U BUCKLEY, LJ., OSHIMA, Y. andalger sore Irsak til blskjeJlforgift- SHIMIZU, Y. Construction of anilng og andre skader. Naturen paralytic shellfish toxin analyzer
31, 1963. and its application. Anal. Blo-chan. 3, 157, 1973.
561 BRAARUD, T. A red water organism - 1
from Walvis Bay. Galathea Rept. 369 BULL, RJ. and TREVOR, A.3. Saxi-(1), 137, 1937. toxin, tetrodotoxin and the
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*.
3%
oo -
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NISHIHAMA, Y. Vertical distri- 360, 1970.bution of paralytic toxin-produc-ing species Protogonyaulax-sp. in 1233 UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MARINEFunka Bay, Hokkaido, Janpa. LABORATORY. Red tide stud-3. Phycol. 23, 133, 1980. ies, January to 3une, 1954. Rept.
54-19 to Florida St. Bd. Conserv.1225 ULBRICHT, W. Kinetics of tetrodo- Univ, Miami, Coral Gables, 1954.
toxin and saxitoxin action at thenode of Ranvier. In, Advances in 1234 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.Ctopharmacola , Vo.73, Neur- Tentative standard procedure forotoxins. Tooks Neurobiology, the determination of shellfish -
Ceccarelli, B. and Clementi, F. (mussels or soft clams) poison,!(eds.), Raven Press: N.Y., p. 363, adopted November 19, 1943 (with1979. suggestions of 1950). U.S.P.H.S.:
Washington, 1950.1226 ULITZUR, S. Physical factors af-
fecting the hemolytic activity of 1235 VALENTI, M., PASQUINI, P. andPrymnesium parvum toxin. 3. ANDREUCCI, G. Saxitoxin andProtozool'. 16 " ( . 37), 1960 tetrodotoxin intoxication: report(Abst.). of 16 cases. Vet. hum. Toxicol.
21, 107, 1979.I-. - .
71
.7.•..: -
T-T.;. :T;.T %,'z 77.
1236 VALKANOV, A. Untersuchungen 1245 WANJERSKY, P.3. and GUILLARD, 0uber Prymnesium parvum und R.R.L. Low molecular weightseine toxisdie Einwirkung auf die organic base from the dinoflagel-Wasserorganismen. Kleler Meer- late Amrhidinium cartLri. Nat-esforsch. 20, 65, 1964. ure 185, 689, . -0160.
1237 VANGC.AARD, L. and NIZ.LSEN, S. 1246 WARASKIEWICZ, S.M. and ERICK- 6Arbejdsmrijoet i dansk fiskeri. SON, K.L. Halogenated sesqu-i-Ugeskr. Laeg. 139, 413, 1977. terpenoids from the Hawaiian
marine alga Laurencia nidifica:1238 VINBERG, G.G. Toxic phytoplank- nidificene andni idienae. Tetra-
ton. Natn. Res. Counc. Can., hedron Lent. (23), 2003, 1974.Tech. Transl. (549), 25p., 1955.
1247 WARDLE, WJ., RAY, S.M. and1239 WAGNER, H.=H. and ULBRICHT, W. ALDRICH, AS. Mortality of
The rates of saxitoxin action and marine organisms associated with(i saxitoxin-tetrodotoxin inter- offshore summer blooms of theaction at the node 1;f Ranvier. toxic dinoflagellate Gonya'laxPflugers Arch. ges. Physiol. 359, monilata Howell at Galveston, -0297, 1975. Texas. In, Proceedings of the
First International Conference. on1240 WAGNER, H.-H. and ULBRICHT, W. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms. Lo-
Procaine block of sodium chan- Cicero, V.R. (ed.), Mass. Sci.nels does not Interfere with block Tech. Found.: Wakefield, Mass.,by saxitoxin. Pilugers Arch. ges. 1975.Physiol. 359, RI, 1973 (Abst.).
1248 WATERFIELD, CJ. and EVANS,1241 WAGNER, H..l-. and ULBRICHT, W. M.H. A method for distinguishing
Saxitoxin and procaine act in- tetrodotoxin from saxitoxin, bydependently on separate sites of comparing their relative !tabili-the sociurn channel. Pflugers ties when heated in acid solution.Arch. ges. Physiol. 364. 63,1976-. Experientia 28, 670, 1972.
1242 WALDICHUK, M. Shellfish toxicity 1249 WATT, 3. and MARCUS, R. Ulcera-and the weather in the Strait of tive colitis in guinea pig caused byGeorgia during 1957. Fish. Res. seaweed extract. Pharm. Pharm-Bd. Can., Prog. Rept., Pac. Coast acol. 21, 187s, 1%9.Sta. (112), 1Op., 1958.
1250 WEIGELE, .I.B. and BARCHI, R.L.1243 WALKER, S. and KAO, C.Y. Struc- Analysis of saxitoxin binding in
ture-activity relations of saxi- isolated rat synaptosomes usirg atoxin analogs. Fed. Proc. 39, 380, rapid filtration assay. F.E.B.S.1980. Lett. 91, 310, 1978.
1244 WALL, D. Taxonomy and cysts. of 1251 WELSH, A.M. Preliminary survey ofred-tide dinoflagellates. In, Pro- fungistatic properties of marineceeding of the First Inter- algae. 3. Bacteriol. 83, 97, 1962.national Conference on Tox,-:'Dinof lagellate Blooms. LoCi- 1252 WESTERFIELD, M., MOORE, J.W.,cero, V.R. (ed.), Mass. Sci. Tech. KIM, Y.S. and PADILLA, G.M.Found.: Wakefield, Mass., p. 249, How Gymnodirnum breve red tide1975. toxin(s)produces repetitive firing
in squid axons. Am. J. Physiol.
72
232 C23, 1977; see also Biophys. 1260 WILSON, W.B. and COLLIER, A.138a, 1976 (Abst.). Preliminary notes on the cultur-
ing of Gymnodinium brevis Davis.1253 WHIT"E, A.W. Dinoflagellte toxins Science 121, 394, 1955.
as probable cause of an Atlanticherring (C harengus hat- 1261 WILSON, W.B. and RAY, S.M. TheMu_ ) kill, and-pteropod as ap- occurrence of Gymnodiniumparent vector. 3. Fish. Res. Bd. brevis in the western Gulf ofCan. 34, 2421, 1977. Mexico. Ecology 37 383, 1956.
1254 WHITE, A.W. Salinity effects on 1262 WOLKE, R. and TRAINOR, F. Gran-gr. 'ith and toxin content of ulornatous enteritis in Catoslo-Gonyaulax excavata a marine mas commersoni associated withdinoflageate causing paralytic diatoms. J. Wildi. Dis. 7, 76,shellfish poisoning. 3. Phycol. 14p 1971.473, 1979.
1263 WOLOSZYNSKA, 3. and CONRAD,1255 WHITE, A.W. Dinoflagellate toxins W. Pyrodinium ph___u, n. sp.,
in phytoplankton and zooplankton agent de la toxicit6 des moules dufractions during a bloom of G canal maritime de Bruges 1 Zee-aulax excavata. In, Toxic Dino- brugge. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat.ffjaielate Blooms. (Po.2nd BI.1,I 99Intern. Conf.), Taylor, D.L. andSeliger, H.H. (eds.), 1264 WONG, 3.L., OESTERLIN, R. andElsevier/North-Hoilanda N.Y., RAPOPORT, H. The structure ofvol. 1, p. 381, 1979. saxitoxin. 3. Am. chem. Soc. 93,
73*4, 1971.
1256 WHITE, A.W. and MARANDA, L.
Paralytic toxins in the dinoflagel- 1263 WOOD, E.3.F. Dinoflagellates of thelate Gonyaulax excavata and in Caribbean Sea and Adjacentshell 7s.7-. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Areas. Univ. Miami Press: Coral35p 397, 1979. Ci•Is, Fla., 1%9.
1237 WIBeRG, G.5. and STEPHENSON, 1266 WOOD, P.C. Dinoflagellate crop InN.R. Toxicological studies on the 'North Sea. Nature 220, 21',paralytic shellfish poison. Toxi- 1963.col. appl. Pharmacol. 2.1960. 1267 WOOD, P.C. Distribution of toxin in
molluscan shellfish following the12538 WIDDOWS, 3., MOORE, M.N., LOWE, occurrence of mussel toxicity in
D.M. and SALKELD, P.N. Some north-east England. Nature 220,effects of a dinoflagellate bloom 23, 1%9.(Gyrodinium aureolum) on themussel, Mytilus edulis. 3. mar. 1263 WOOD, P.C. Public health aspects ofBioL Assoc. U.J. 59, 522, 1979. shellfish from polluted waters.
In, Bioluoical Indicators of Water1259 WILMOT, D.L. and MARTIN, D.F. lit . James, A. and Evison, L.
Short-term effects on Artemia (eds.), ohn Wiley & Sons: Chich-salina of aponin and Gompho- ester, p. 13, 1979.!2aeia apoina in unialgal cul-tures and in-mxed cultures with 1269 WOODCOCK, A.H. Note concerningGymnodinium breve. 3. pharm. human respiratory irritation asso-ci... 6., 963, i97 ciated with high concentrations
of plankton and mass mortality of
73
marine organisms. 3. mar. Res. 7, 1278 YASUMOTO, T., NAKAJIMA, I.,6, 1948. OSHIMA, Y. and BAGNIS, R. A
new toxic dinoflagellate found in1270 WOODWARD, G. Conference on association with ciguatera. In,
shellfish toxicology. Pub. H1th. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms.Serv.: Washington, p. 26, 1955. Proc. ELnd Intern. Conz.1, I aylor,
D.L. and Seliger, H.H. (eds.),1271 YARIV, 3. Toxicity of Prnnesium Elsevier/North-Holland: N.Y.,
cultures. Thesis, Hebrew Univ., voL 1, p. 65, 1979.3erusalem, 1958.
122 31279 YASUMOTO, T., INOUE,. A., OCHI,1272 YARIY, 3. and HESTRJN, S. Toxicity T. et al. Environmental studies on
of the extracellular phase of a -x'i dinoflagellate (Gambier-aPrnnesium rvum cultures. 3. discus toxicus) responsible for
gen. Microbiol. 24, 165, 1961. ciguatera. Bull. Jpn. Soc. scient., Fsh. 1397, 1980.
1273 YASUMOTO, T., INOUE, A. andBAGNIS, R. Ecological survey of 1280 YASUMOTO, T., OSHIMA, Y., MUR-a toxic dinoflagellate associated AKAMI, Y. et al. Toxicity ofwith ciguatera. In,' Toxic Dino- benthic dinoflagellates found inflagellate Blooms. (Proc. 2nd coral reefs. Bull. 3pn. Soc. scient.Intern. Conf.), Taylor, D.L. and Fish. _46 327, 1980.Seliger, H.H. (eds.), -7Elsevier/North-Holland: N.Y., 1281 YENTSCH, C.M. and BALCH, W.vol. 1, p. 221, 1979. Lack of a secondary intoxifica-
L27 tion by red tide poison in the. 1274 YASUMOTO, T., OSHIMA, Y. and" American lobster Homarus amer-
YAMAGUCHI, M. [Occurrence of icanus. Environ. Lett.9 2"a new type of shellfish poisoning 1975.In the Tohoku district.] NihonSuisan-Gakkai Shi 44, 1249, 1978. 1282 YENTSCH, C.M. and MAGUE, F.C.
Motil cells and cysts: two prob-1275 YASUMOTO, T., BAGNIS, R., able mechanisms of intoxication
THEVENIN, S. and GARCON, M. of shellfish in New England"" A survey of comparative toxicity waters. In, Toxic Dinoflagellate
in the food chain of ciguatera. Blooms. (Proc. 2nd Intern.Bull. 3pn. Soc. sclent. Fish. 43, Z&T( Taylor, D.L. and Seliger,
$ 1015, 1977. H.H. Wd.), Elsevier/North-Hol-/.0•;landt N.Y., vol. 1, p. 127, 1979.". 1276 YASUMOTO, T., INOUE, A., BAG-
NIS, R. and GARCON, M. Ecolog- 1283 YENTSCH, C.M., DALE, B. andical survey on a dinoflagellate HURST, 3.W. Coexistence ofpossibly responsible for the induc- toxic and nontoxic dinoflagellatestion of ciguatera. Nihon Suisan- resembling Gonyaulax tamarensisGakkal 5hi 45. 395, 1979. in New England coastal waters
"(NW Atlantic). 3. Phycol. 14 330,1277 YASUMOTO, T., NAKA3IMA, 1., 1978.
BAGNIS, R. and ADACHI, R.Finding of a dinoflagellate as a 1284 ZICK, K. Die Entladung der Nessel-likely culprit of ciguatera. Bull. kapseln durch Protozoen. Zool.:M. ' 43, 1021, Anz 91, 191, 1932.
74
1285 ZLOTKIN, E- Chemistry of animalvenoms. Experientia 29, 1453,1973.
1236 ZWAHLEN, A., BLANC, M.H. and
ROBERT, M. tpid~mie d'intoxi-cation par les moules ("ParalyticShellfish Poisoning"). Schweiz.med. Wschr. 107, 226, 1977.
7
;!
U
J
j°
CHAPTER IV -.
PORIFERA(Sponges)
Citations in this chapter treat of the toxic Porifera, or sponges. ThePorifeera are highly organized colonies of unicellular nomads composed ofloosely integrated cells covered by a skin and, with few exceptions,supported internally by a skeleton of silica, calcite, or spongin. There aremore than 10,000 species, most of which are marine.
Some sponges release a toxic substance into their environment, which ,
serves as a warning or deterrent to approaching predators. Possibly thesponge releases this product as a continuous process, although it may 'also bestimulated by certain chemical or physical stimuli. Other functions of thisexcretion have been cited. With respect to humans, poisoning by spongesoccurs through deposit by the toxin(s) in the very superficial abrasionsproduced by the animal's fine, sharp spicules.
V
76
!-I
1287 ACKERMANN, D. Biogene Amine. 1297 BAKER, 3.T. and MURPHY- 0Ber. Physik-Med. Ges. Wirzburg STEINMANN, F. Compounds70 1, 1963. from Marine Organisms. Hand-
book of Marine Science. CRC1288 ACKERMANN, D. and LIST, P.H. Press: Cleveland, Ohio, Sect. 2,
Ober das Vorkommen betr~cht- vol. 1, 400p., 1976. -licher Mengen Histar .n in der.niederen Tierwelt. Z. phys. 1298 BAKUS, G.J. Energetics and feedingChem. 308, 274, 1957. in shallow marine waters. Intern.
Rev. gen. exp. Zool. 4, 275, 1969.1289 ACKERMANN, D. and LIST, P.H.
Ober das Vorkommen von Tauro- 1299 BAKUS, G.3. An ecological hypothe-betain, Taurin und Inosit im sis for the evolution of toxicity inRiesen Kieselschwamm. Hoppe- marine organisms. Toxicon 8,Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. 317, 78, 120, 1970 (Abst.); see also Intern.1959. Rev. gen. exp. Zool. 4, 275, 1969;
see also Proc. Symp. Corals &1290 ACKERMANN, D. and PANT, R. In- Coral Reefs, Mar. Biol. Assoc.
haltstoffe des Schwammes Calix India, p. 445, 1972.nicacensis. Z. phys. Chem. 326•,197, 1961. 1300 BAKUS, G.3. and GREEN, G. Tox-
icity in sponges and holothurians:1291 ACKERMANN, D., LIST, P.H. and a geographic pattern. Science
MENSSEN, H.G. Uber das Vor- 185, 951, 1974.kommen einer neuen PurinbaseC6H7N5 im Risenkieselschwamm 1301 BAKUS, G.3. and THUN. Bioassays(Geodia Zigas). Z. phys. Chem. on the toxicity of Caribbean312, 210, 1958. sponges. Biol. Spong. 291, 417,
.1979.1292 ANON. Life in these parts. Hawaii "_
med. 1. 37, 158, 1978. 1302 BANNER, A.H. Hazardous marineanimals. In, Forensic Medicine.
1293 ARNDT, K.A. Manual of Dermatol- Tedeschi, C.G., Eckert, W.G. andogy Therapeutics. Little, Brown Tedeschi, L.G. (eds.), W.B.Co.: Boston, p. 262, 1974. Saunders: Philadelphia, vol. 3,
1294 ARNDT, W. Die Spongien als krypto- p. 1378, 1977.
toxische Tiere. Zool. 3ahrb. 45 1303 BASLOW, M.H. Porifera. In, Marine343, 1928. Pharmacology. Williams & Wil-
kins: Baltimore, p. 86, 1969; re- *. -.
1295 AUSTIN, 3. The sterols of marine vised R.E. Krieger: Huntington,invertebrates and plants. In, N.Y., p. 86, 1977.Advances in Steroid Biochemistryand Pharmacology. Briggs, M.H. 1304 BASLOW, M.H. and READ, G.W.(ed.), Academic: N.Y., vol. 1, Hypotensive and other pharmaco--p. 73, 1970. logical actions of agents from the ..
sponges of Toxadocia violacea,1296 BACQ, Z.M. Recherches sur la phys- Haliclona viridis and Haliclona
iologie et la pharmacologie du magnicanulosa. Proc. west.systikme nerveux autonome. XVII. pharmacol. Soc. 11, 117, 1968.Les esters de la choline dans lesextraits de tissus des Invertebrds. 1305 BASLOW, M.H., READ, G.W. andArch. intern. Physiol. 4 24, DORMER, K. Hypotensive and1935. paralytic agents from the sponge
77
t*%
Toxadocia violacea. Am. Zool. 7,The synthesis of spongosine. 3.0738,1967. org. Chem. 22, 1575, 1957.
1306 BERGMANN, W. Comparative bio- 1315 BERGMANN, W., GOULD, D.H. andchemical studies on lipids of mar- LOW, E.M. Contributions to theine invertebrates with special study of marine products XVII.reference to the sterols. 3. mar. Spongosterol. 3. org. Chem. 10,Res. 8, 137, 1949. 570, 1943.
1307 BERGMANN, W. Marine sterols. In, 1316 BERGMANN, W., WATKINS, 3.C. andCholesterol. Cook, R.P. (ed.), STEMPIEN, M.F. ContributionsAcademic: N.Y., p. 435, 1958. to the study of marine products
XLV. Sponge nucleic acids. 3.1308 BERGMANN, W. Sterols: their struc- org. Chem. 22, 1308, 1937.
ture and distribution. In, Comn-1!r ehensive Biochemistry. Floe- 1317 BERQUIST, P.R. Porifera. In, Reefkn, M. and Mason, H.S. (eds.), and Shore Fauna of Hawaii: Sec-
Academic: N.Y., vol. 3, p. 103, tion 1: Protozoa throughCeo1962. 1 RLhora. Bishop Museum: Honolulu,
p. 38, 1977.1309 BERGMANN, W. and BURKE, D.C.
Contributions to the study of 1318 BERQUIST, P.R. Spngs Univ.marine products XXXIV. The Calif. Press: Beirkeley, 268p.,nucleosides of sponges MI. Spong- 1978.othymidine and spongouridine. 3.org. Chemn. 20, 1501, 1935. 1319 BERQUIST, P.R. Sponge chemistry
--a review. In, B'~gy des1310 BERGMANN, W. and BURKE, D.C. I pongaires I pon e Biology.
Contributions to the study of Le~vi, C.and Boury-Esnault, N.marine products XI,. The nucleo-- (eds.), Centre Natn. Recherchesides of sponges iV. Spongosine. Scient4- Paris, p. 383, 1979.3. org. Chem. 21, 226, 1936.
1320 BERQUIST, P.R. and HARTMAN,1311 BERGMANN, W. and DOMSKY, 1.1. W.D. Free amino acid patterns
Sterols, of ' ome invertebrates, and the classification of theAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90, 906, Demospongia. Mar. Biol. 3, 347,1960. 1969.
1312 BERGMANN, W. and FEENEY, R.J. 1321 BERQUIST, P.R. and HOGG, 3.3.Contributions to the study of Free amino acid patterns inmarine products XXXII. The nu- Demospongiae: a biological ap- .
cleosides of sponges 1. 3. org. proach to sponge classification.Chem. 16, 981, 195 1. ICah. Biol. Mar. 10, 205, 1969.
1313 BERGMANN, W. and MC TIGUE, 1 1322 BURKHOLDER, P.R. and REUTZ-F.H. Contributions to the study ILER, K. Antimicrobial activityof marine products XVI; Chon- of same marine sponges. Naturedrillasterol. 3. org. Chem. 13, 222, 983, 1969.738, 1948. __
1323 BURRESON, B.,). and SCHEUER,1314 BERGMANN, W. and STEMPIEN, P.3. isolation of a diterpenoid
M.F., JR. Contributions to the isonitrile from a marine sponge.study of marine products XLIII. J.0.5. Chem. Commun. 1035,The nucleosides of sponges. V. T1974.
78
1324 BURRESON, B.J., CHRISTOPHER- Region. Porifera. CommonwealthSEN, C. and SCHEUER, P.J. Co- Australia Cab rra, 1965.occurrence of a terpenoid iso-cyanide-formamide pair in the 1333 COHEN, S.S. Sponges, cancer chem-marine sponge Halichondria sp. 3. otherapy and cellular aging.Am. chem. Soc. 97, 201, 197 5. Perspect. Biol. Med. 6, 215, 1963.
1325 BURTON, M. Porifera. In, The 1334 CORSON, E.F. and PRATT, A.G.Encyclopedia of the Biolog1"iI "Red moss" dermatitis. Arch.Sciences. Gray, P. (ed.), Rein- Derm. Syph. 47, 574, 1943.
-N.Y., p. 825, 1961.1335 COSULICH, D.B. and LOVELL, F.M.
1326 CAMERON, A.M. Toxicity phenom- An x-ray determination of the •ena in coral reef waters. Proc. structure of an antibacterial2nd Intern. Coral Reef Symp.'I_ compound from the sponge Ianth-513, 1974. ella ardis. Chem. Commun. •7•
1327 CARIELLO, L. and ZANETTI, L.Suberitine, the toxic protein from 1336 DALY, 3.W., 3ERINA, D.M. andthe marine sponge, Suberites WITKOP, D. Arene oxides and thedomuncula. Comp. Biochem. NIH shift: the metabolism, tox-Phyo6 , '15,1979. icity and carcinogeneity of aro-
matic compounds. Experientia1328 CARIELLO, L.,' ZANETTI. L. and 28, 1129, 1972.
RATHMAYER, W. Isolation, pur-ification and some properties of 1337 DAS, N.P., LIM, H.S. and TEH, Y.F.suberitine, the toxic protein from Histamine and histamine-likethe marine sponge, Suberites substances in the marine sponge,domuncula. In, Natural Toxins. Suberites inconstans. Comp. gen.Eaker, D. and Wadstram, T. (07, Pharmac. 2, 473, 1971.Pergamon: Oxford, p. 631, 1980; •see also Toxicon 17 (Suppl. 1), 21, 1338 DE LAUBENFELS, M.W. The marine1979 (Ab-s-t..i and freshwater sponges of Cali-
fornia. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 81,1329 CLARK, AM. Dangerous marine 1, (Publ. 2927), 1932.
organisms of Hawaii. Univ.Hawaii, Sea Grant Program 1339 DE LAUBENFELS, M.W. The spongesRept., 3uly 1978. of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu. Pac. Sci.
4, 3, 1950.1330 CLELAND, 3.B. Injuries and diseases
of man in Australia attributable 1340 DE I AUBENFELS, M.W. The spongesto animals, except those due to oi the island of Hawaii. Pac. Sci.snakes and insects. 6th Rept., 5, 256, 1951.Govt. Bur. Microbiol., Dept. Pub.Hith., N.S.W., 266p., 1916. 1341 DE LAUBENFELS, M.W. A Guide to
the Sponges of Eastern North I'1331 CLELAND, 3.B. Injuries and diseases America. Univ. Miami Press:
in Australia attributable to ani- Miami, Ila., 32p., 1953.mals. Med. 3. Aust. (2), 313,1942. 1342 DE LUCA, P., DE ROSA, M.,
MINALE, R. et al. Synthesis of1332 CLELAND, 3.B. and SOUTHCOTT, 24, 28-didehydroaplysterot and
R.V. Injuries to Man from Marine x-ray crystal structure ofInvertebrates in the Australian
79
aplysterolh unusual marine John Wiley & Sons: N.Y., vol. 5,sterols. 3.C.S. Chem. Commun. p. 679, 1974.825, 1973.
1352 FISHER, A.A. and ORRIS, W.L.1343 DER MARDEROSIAN, A.D. Marine Aquatic contact dermatitis.
pharmaceuticals. 3. pharm. Sci. Cutis 12, 687, 1973.58 1, 1969.
1353 FISHER, A.A. Atlas of Aquatic1344 DOREE, C. The occurrence and Dermatology. Grune & Stratton:
distribution of cholesterol and N.Y., 112p., 1978.allied bodies in the animal king-dom. Biochem. 3. 40 72, 1909. 1354 GERMAN, V.F. Na,Na-dimethyl-
histamine, the hypotensive prin- 91345 DUCHASSAING, P. and MICHEL- ciple of the sponge lanthelia sp.
OTTI, G. Spongiares de la mer 3. pharm. Sci. 60Q 495, 1971.Caralbe. Natuurk. Verh. Holland-sche Maatschappij Wetensch., 1355 GESSNER, 0. Tierische Gifte. In,Haarlem ser. 2, 21,. (2), 124p., Handbuch der experimentellen1864. Pharmakologie. Huebner, W. and ,
Schuller, 3. (eds.), Springer:1346 DYMSZA, H., SHIMIZU, Y., RUSS- Berlin, vol. 6, p. 61, 81, 1938.
ELL, F.E. and GRAHAM, H.D.Poisonous marine animals. In, 1356 GREEN, G. Ecology of toxicity inThe Safety of Foods. 2nd edit., marine sponges. Mar. Biol. 40,Graham, H.D. (ed.), Avi Publ.: 207, 1977; see also 5th Intern. ,Westport, Conn., p. 625, 1980. Symp. Animal, Plant, Microbial
Toxins, San Jose, Costa Rica, p. 3,1347 EDMONDS, C. Dangerous marine 1976 (Abst.).
animals. Aust. Fain. Physician 5,381, 1976. 1357 GREEN, G. and BAKUS, G.J. Toxici-
dad en esponjas y holoturias. Ann.1348 ENDEAN, R. Neurotoxins occurring Cent. Cienc. Mar. Limnol. Univ.
in marine animals from Austral- Nac. Auton. Mex. 2 (1), 61, 1975.ian waters. In, Neurotoxins.Fundamental and Clinical Advan- 1358 HABERMEHL, G.G. Recent progressces. Chubb, I.W. and Geffen, L.B. in the chemistry of marine animal -
?Ws.), Adelaide Univ. Union toxins. Bull. Inst. Pasteur, ParisPress: Adelaide, S. Australia, 74., 107, 1976.p. 57, 1979.
1359 HALSTEAD, B.W. Animal phyla1349 ERDMAN, T.R. and SCHEUER, P.3. known to contain poisonous mar-
28-isofucosterol: major steroid of ine animals. In, Venoms. Buck-a marine sponge. Lloydia 38, ley, E.E. and Porges, N. (eds.), 02379, 1975. A.A.A.S.: Washington, p. 9, 1956.
1350 FAULKNER, D.3. Variabilin, ,an 1360 HALSTEAD, B.W. Poisonous andantibiotic from the sponge, Venomous Marine Animals of theIrcinia variabilis. Tetrahedron World, Vol. 1, Invertebrates. U.S.Lett. 3821, 1973. Govt. Print. Off.: Washington,
p. 271, 1965.1351 FAULKNER, D.J. and ANDERSON,
R.J. Natural products chemistry 1361 HALSTEAD, B.W. Marine biotoxins:of the marine environment. In, a new source of medicinals.The Sea. Goldberg, E.D. (ed.), Lloydia 32, 484, 1969.
80
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1362 HAI•TEAD, B.W. Ph&•maceuticals 1373 JACOBSEN, 3.G. and SMITH, L.H. @Sfrom the sea. New Scientist 7) Biochemistry and physiology of .•.?•.-.•:•
f•)) 1972. taurine and taurine derivatives. "::.,:..':.,Physiol. Rev. • 424) 1968. ""'::"'"':
1363 HALSTEAD, B.W. Hazardous marine i•i::•!:'i•;':.•'
life. In, Diving Medicine. 1374 3ACQUES, Y., FOSSET, M. and LAZ- -':'-"•-':?-.•.=..•
Strauss) R.H. (edJ, Grune & DUNSKI, M. Molecular prop- •Stratton" N.Y.) po 227) 1976. erties of the action potential Na+ •.. ??;..•.
ionophore in neuroblastoma. 3. •-•..•..-.•,1364 HALSTEAD, B.W. Poisonous and biol. Chem. 253, 7383, 1978. -- "-" ""-" "'
Venomous Marine Animals of the ,•-•.;-?•-'..'.,World. Rev. edit., Darwin Press: 13753AKOWSKA, S. and NIGRELLI, R.F. "-'."'."'."P'•m-c'eton, N.3., 238p., 1978. Antimicrobial substances from •
sponges. Ann. N.Y. Acad. SCi. • ' """:°::'.. '. * '. ,"?1365 HALSTEAD) B.W. and RUSSELL, 913, 1970. :.-::':,%° -,%...:,
F.E. Toxic marine organisms. In, .:.'--.;...Handbook of Biological Data. 13763OHNSTON, D.G. and BURGER, •!•':.•:i•::Spector, W.S. (ed.), F.A.S.EJ3.: W.D. Injury and disease of scuba :" "•Washington, p. 424, 195(;. and skin divers. Postgrad. Med. •:•: ,:.,
49 , i34, 1971. " .'•'?-'•
• - . . ."1366 HALSTEAD, B.W., CARSCALLEN, "-: "'.::
L.3. and RUSSELL, F.E. Animal 1377 KAISER, E. and MICHL, H. Die :.-.:.:
In, Biology Data Book. Altman, F. Deuticke: Wein, p. #, 1958.-:-:'"P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (eds.), •.J..NF=A.S.E.B.: Washington, p. 336, 1378 KASHMAN, Y., FISHELSON, L. and "':1964. NEEMAN, I. N-acyl-2-methyi--.- .:;:
ene-alanine methyl esters from .':i::! : :":
1367 HAMMEN, C.S. and FLORKIN, M. the sponge Fasciospon•ia cavern- :•'.i"iChemical composition and inter- osa. Tetrahedron 29) 3655, 1973. -! :"Nmediary metabolism---Porifera.In, ChemicalZoolo•y. Florkin, M. 1379 KLAUS, G. Pharmaceuticals from ......-...•.
SScheer, B.T. (eds.), Aca- the oceans. Drul• Cosmetic Ind. •:S'::•;•S:anddemic: N.Y., vol. 2, p. 53, 1968. 103 (6), 48, 1968. :.-'.." .'.
1368 HANESSIAN, S. and KALTENBRON, 1380 LANE, C.E. Toxins of marine origin. "•'•'7". "..
S 3.5. Synthesis of a bromine-rich Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. _8, #09, .-Lmarine antibiotic. 3. Am. chem. 1968. "..-':.."•O•. • 4509, 1966. • .. ;..::...j
1381 LASSABLIERE, M.P. Influence des1369 HASH1MOTO, Y. [ Marine Toxins.] injectionsintraveneuses de sub, r- : -" *
Univ. Tokyo Press: Tokyo, 1977. itine sur la r•sistance globulaire. -;-•"•:'2"€C.R. S•anc. So(:. Biol. 61, 600, eL
1370 HASHIMOTO, Y. Marine Toxins and 1906. •i-•....•:•Other Bioactive Metabolites. :',;:'-;.'-',...::,,-:.,.3pn. Sci. So<:.: Tokyo, 1979. 1382 LENTZ, T.L. Histochemical locali- ... :•:::..:
zation of neurohumors in a .'. ".:.:1371 HENZE, M. Spongosterin, eine choi- sponge. 3. exp. Zool. 162, 171, .. •: •
esterin artJge Substanz aus 1966.Suberites domuncula. Hoppe- .- "-'.-'.Seyler'sZ. ph),sioi. Chem. #1,109, 1383 LOVELL, F.M., The structure of a -•-i'•'•'•1904. bromine-rich marine antibiotic.
3. Am. chem. Soc. 8_88, #510, 1966. "Z"'"'"•:'
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, • .'.%° %'.%" o%'L%"
81 :":":'"% "°'...%-
,'°.°.°
°?•.Z ?i-
1384 MANSON-BAHR, P.H. Animal poi- 1394 NIGRELLI, R.F., JAKOWSKA, S. andsons. In, Manson's Tropical Dis- CAL VENTI, I. Ectyonin, an anti-eases. A Manual of the Diseases microbial agent from the sponge,of Warm Climates. 13th edit., Microciona prolifera Verrill.Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, Zoologica 44, 173, 1959.
p. 842,1950..L95 NIGRELLI, R.F., STEMPIEN, M.F.,
1385 MARDEROSIAN, A.D. Marine JR., RUGGIERI, G.D., LIGUORI,pharmaceuticals. 3. pharm. Soc. V.R. and CECIL, 3.T. Substances58, 1, 1969. of potential biomedical impor-
tance from marine organisms.1386 MARETIC, Z. [Venomous Animals Fed. Proc. 26, 1197, 1967.
and Poisonous Animals Of theAdriatic Sea.1 J.A.Z.U.: Zagreb, 1396 PHILLIPS, C. and BRADY, W.H. SeaYugoslavia, 1975. Pests: Poisonous or Harmful Sea
Life of Florida and the West1387 MERCADO, A.R. Pharmacological Indies. Univ. Miami Press: Miami,
and chemical studies of a toxin Fla., 78p., 1953.from Haliclona viridis. Disserta-tion, Univ. Miami, 1972. 1397 PHISALIX, M. Animaux Venimeux et
Venins. 2 vols., Masson &Cie: :
1388 METTRICK, D.F. and TELFORD, Paris, 1922.3.M. The histamine content andhistidine decarboxylase activity 1398 POLIMANTI, 0. Sulla simbiosi dellaof some marine animals from the Suberites domuncula (Olivi) con laWest Indies. Conip. Biochem. Dromia vulgaiiris (M. Edw.). Zool.Physiol. 16,57195 Jahrb. Jena Alrg. Zool. 30,33 9. -
1911.1389 MINALE, L. Terpenoids; from marine
sponges. In, Marine Natural Pr~o- 1399 RAVI, B.N., ERDMAN, T.R. and-ducts. Scheuer, P.3. (ed.T, SCHEUER, P.3. An antimicrobialAcademic: N.Y., vol. 1, p. 175, constituent of a sponge, Chondro-1978. sia sp. In, Food-Drugs from the
Sea Proceedings, 1974. Wew,ber,1390 MINALE, L., CIMINO, G., DE STEF- H.H. and Ruggieri, G.D. (eds.),
ANO, S. and SODANO, G. Nat- Mar. Tech. Soc.: Washington,ural products from Porilera. p. 258, 1974.Fortschr. Chem. org. Naturst. 33,1, 1976. 1400 RICHET, C. De l'action toxique de la *
suberitine. C.R. Soc. Biol. 61,.1391 MINTON, S.A. Spines and stings and 58 96
sea snakes. Consultant 17, 45,1977. 1401 RICHET, C. De la variabilite' de Ia
'Jose toxique de sub6ritine. C.R.1392 MUMLENS, A. B~sartige Unter- Soc. Biol. 61., 686, 1906.
schenkelgesch wure nach Koral-lenrisswunden. Arch. Schiffs-u. 1402 RICHET, C. Anaphylaxie par laTropenhyg. 12, 167, 1908. mytilo-congestine. C.R. Soc.
Biol. 62,381971393 NEWHOUSE, M.L. Dogger Bank itch: - ,38 97
survey of trawler men. Br. med. 1403 RINEHART, K.L., JR., NABABSING,J. (1), 1142, 1966; see also Proc. P. and HAGER, L.P. Identifica-Roy. Soc. Med. 59, 1119, 1966. tion of antimicrobial, antiviral
and cytotoxic agents in marine
82
alga and sponges. Lloydia 40, 1413 RUSSELL, P.E. Poisons and venoms.(6), 1977 In, Fish Physiology. Hoar, W.S.
and RandaU, D.J. (eds.), Aca-.1404 ROBIN, Y.! and ROCHE, 3. Sur la demic: N.Y., vol. 3, p 401, 1969.
pr6enpce de taurocyamine (guani-dotaurine) chez des Coelente'rA 1414 RUSSELL, F.E. Sponge injury-et des Sponglaires. C.R. S6anc. traumatic, toxic or allergic? NewSoc. Biol. 148, 1783, I3Engl. 3. Med. 282, 753, 1970.
1405 RUGGIERI,iG.D. Drugs from the sea. 1415 RUSSELL, F.E. Pharmacology of -
Marine Iorganisms with novel toxins of marine origin. In, Inter-chemica~l constituents are excel- national Encyclopedia of Phar ma-lent sources of new drugs. cology and Therapeutics. RaYsk-Science ý194, 491, 1976. ova, H. (ed.), Pergamon: Oxford,
1406 RUGGIERI,! G.D., NIGRELLI, R.F.71vo.2p.319.and STEMPIEN, M.F., JR. Jelly- 1416 RUSSELL, F.E. Poisonous Marineprecipitating reaction in sea Animals. T.F.H. Publ4 Neptuneurchin 1eggs by antibiotic City,-N.J., 176p., 1971.substances from sponges. Am.Zool. 4,1223, 19614. 1417 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous animal
injuries. In, Current Problems in1407 RUGGIER9,~ G.D., MORRIS, S.J., Pediatrics. Gluck, L. (ed.), Year
BASLOW, M.H., JAKOWSKA, S. Bok Pubi4: Chicago, vol. 1.11,Fand NIGRELLI, R.F. Develop.. (9), p. 1, 1973.mental Iaberration in the seaurchin eggs induced by sponge 1418 RUSSELL, F.E. Poisonous and yen-extracts. Am. Zool. 1, 252, 1961. omous marine animals and their
toxins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 245,1408 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous and poi- 57, 1975..
sonous animals and their toxins.First Inter-Amer. Naval Res. 1419 RUSSELL, F.E. Hazardous marineConf., San Juan, Puerto Rico, life. Part 1: venomous marine ani-37p., 1965. mals. Hyperb. underseas Med. 1,
1409 RUSSELL, F.E. Marine toxins an9d8venomous and poisonous marine 1420 RUSSELL, F.E. Venom poisoning:animals. In, Advances in Marine snakes, arthropods and marineBiology. Russell, P.S. (ed.), Aca- animals. Emergency Medicinede~mic: 'London, vol. 3, p. 271, Symposium III, Univ. Calif., San1965.. Diego, 1978-81.
1410 RUSSELL, !F.E. Toxic marine ani- 1421 RUSSELL, F.E. and CAR~LSON, R.W.mals. N~aval Res. Rev. 19, 20, Marine organisms. In, Biolqgy1966. Data Book. Altman, P.L. and
Dittmer, D.S. (eds.), F.A.S.E.B.:1411 RUSSELL, F.E. Comparative pharm- Washington, p. 726, 1973.
acology' of some animal toxins.Fed. Proc. 26, 1206, 1967. 1422 f "-1L.UER, P.J. Chemistry of Marine
;4atural Prod~ucts. Academic:1412 RUSSELL, F.E. Pharmacology of N.Y., ZUip., 19~73.
animal venoms. Clin. Pharmacol.Therap., 8, 849, 1967. 1423 SCHEUER, P.3., editor. Marine
Natural Products: Chemical and
83
Biological Perspectives. 4 vols., H.W. (ed.), Mar. Tech. Soc.:Academic: N.Y., T9791 981. Washington, p. 307, 1970.
1424 SCHMITZ, F.3., HOLLENBEAK, K.H. 1431 SHI3KH, Y.M. and D3ERASSI, C.and CAMPBELL, D.C. Marine Steroids from sponges. Tetrahe-natural products: halitoxin, toxic dron 30, 4095, 1974.complex of several marinesponges of the genus Haliclona. 3. 1432 SIMS, 3.K. Dangerous aquatic organ-.org. Chem. 43, 3916, 1978. isms. In, Emrec Nrig
Barry, 3. (d.), McGraw-Hill:1425 SHARMA, G.M. and BURKHOLDER, N.Y., p. 391, 1978.
P.R. Studies on the antimicrobialsubstances of sponges-If. Struc- 1433 SIMS, 3.K. Drowning and near-ture and synthesis of a bromine- drowning. In, Emergency Nursing.containing antibacterial com- Barry, 3. (ed.), McGraw-Hill:pound from a marine sponge. N.Y., p. 377, 1978.Tetrahedron Lett. 4147, 1967.
1434 SIMS, 3.K. and IREI, M.Y. Human1426 SHARMA, G.M. and BURKHOLDER, Hawaiian marine sponge poison- .
P.R. Studies on antimicrobial ing. Hawaii med. 3. 38, 263, 1979.substances of sponges-I. 3. Anti-biotics, Ser. A 20, 200, 1967. 1435 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Human injuries
from invertebrate animals in the1427 SHARMA, G.M. and BURKHOLDER, Australian seas. Clin. Tox. 3, 617,
P.R. Structure of dibromophakel- 1970.lin, a new bromine-containingalkaloid from the marine sponge 1436 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. The neurologicPhakellia flagellata. Chem. effects of noxious marine crea-
oimmun. 151, 1971. tures. In, Contemporary Neurol-ogy Series. Hornabrook, R.W.
1428 SHARMA, G.M. and VIG, B. Studies (ed.), F.A. Davis: Philadelphia, 0on the antimicrobial substances Vol. 12, p. 165, 1975.of sponges-VI. Structures of t voantibacterial substances isolat. 1 1437 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Harmful marinefrom the marine sponge Disidea sponges in South Australian seas.herbacea. Tetrahedron Lett. Hosp. Dept. Bull. (S. Australia)1715, 1972. Ut, 10, 1976.
1429 SHARMA, G.M., VIG, B. and BURK- 1438 5OUTHCOTT, R.V. Marine enven-HOLDER, P.R. Studies on the omation and intoxication in man. :"antimicrobial substances of In, Neurotoxins. Fundamental andsponges. Ill. Chemical properties Clinical Advances. Chubb, I.W.of some antibacterial compounds and Geffen, L.D. (eds.), Adelaidefrom marine sponges. In, Drugs Univ. Union Press: Adelaide, S.From the Sea. Freuderthal, H.D. Australia, p. 75, 1979.(ed.), Mar.-Tech. Soc4 Washing-ton, p. 119, 1968. 1439 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. and COULTER,
3.R. The effects of southern "1430 SHARMA, G.M., VIG, B. and BURK- Australian marine stinging
HOLDER, P.R. Antimicrobial sponges, Neofibularia mordenssubstances of marine sponges-IV. and Lissodendoryx sp. 'Med. 7.In, Food-Drugs from the Sea Aust. (2), 895, 1971.Conference, 1969. Youngken,
84
-r.
;O STEMPIPEN, M.F., 3R. Antibiotic Ann. N.Y. Acad. Scd. 99, 923,6"substance isolated from a sponge 1960.of the genus Agelas.. Am. Zool. 6,,363, 196. 1449 WALTON, 3.3. and PENNOCK, 3...
Some studies on the biosynthesisi0 ST"EMPIEN, M.F., 3R., NIGRELLI, of ubiquinone, isoprenoid alco-
R.F. -.nd CHIB, 3.5. Isolation and hols, squalene and sterols by mar-synthesis of physiologically ac- ine invertebrates. Biochemn. 3.tive substances from sponges of 127, 471, 1972.the genus Agelas. 164th Am.Chem. Soc. Meeting, N.Y., 21 1450 WANG, C.M., NARAHASHI, T. ant:MEDI Abst., 1972. MENDE, T.3. Depolarizing action
of Haliclona toxin on end-plateV2 STEMPIEN, M.F., RUGGIE 4, G.D., and muscle membranes. Toxicon
NIGRELLI, R.F. and CECIL, 3.T. 499, 1973.Physiologically active substancesfrom extracts of marine sponges. 1451 WARIN, R.P. and CHAMPION, R.H.In, Food-Drugs from the Sea Con- Urticaria. .... Saunders Co.:ference, 1969. Youngken, H.W. Philadelphia, p. 43, 1974.(ed.), Mar. Tech. Soc.: Washing-ton, p. 295, 1970. 1452 WHITE, R.P. The Dermatergoses; or,
Occupational Affections of the43 SZENTKIRALYI, S. Uber eine durch Skin. 4th edit., H.K. Lewis:
SNIsswasserschwamme verur- London, 716p., 1934.sachte Hauterkrankung der Tisza-(Theiss-). Fischer. Dermat. 1453 WHITLEY, G.P. Dangerous Austral-Wschr. 104. 602, 1937. ian fishes.. Proc. First Intern.
Convention Life Saving Tech-44 TACHIBANA, K. Structural studies niTRes. Suppl Bull., Post Grad.
on marKIne toxins. Dissertation, Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney,Univ. Hawaii, 1980. Australia, 131p., 1963.
45 TALLEY, R.W., OFBRYAN, R.M., 1454 WILES, 3.5., VICK, 3.A. and CHRIS-TUCKER, W.G. and LOO, RrV. TENSEN, M.K. ToxicologicalClinical pharmacology and human evaluation of palytoxin in severalantitumor activity of cytosine animal species. Toxicon 12, 427,arabinoside. Cancer 20, t09, 1974.1967.
1455 YAFFEE, H.S. Irritation from red
46 VALENTIN, F.R., JR. and BERG- sponge. New EngI. 3. Med. 282,MANN, W. The sterols of 51. 1970.sponges! clionasterol and pori-ferasteol. J. org. Chem. 6, 452, 1456 YAFFEF, H.S. and STARGARDTER,1941. F. Erythema multiforme from
Tedania ignis. Arch. Derm. 87,,47 VAN LEAR, G.E., MORTON, G.O. 601, 1963.
and FULMOR, W. New antibac-terial bromoindole metabolites 1457 ZERVOS, S.C. La maladie des pevh-from the marine sponge Polyfi- eurs d'sponges. Paris Med. 93, 29,brospongia maynardii. Tetrahe- 1934.dron Lett. 299, 1973.
1458 ZLOTKIN. E. Chemistry of animalf48 VAN THOAI, N. and ROCHE, Y. venoms. Experientia 29, 1453,Phosphagens of marine animals. 1973.
85
CH 1.rTE R V
CNIDA RIA(Coelenterates)
This chapter lists the references that relate to the toxic Cnidaria, orCoelenterata (hydroids, jellyfish, sea anemcnes, and corals). These animalsare simple metazoans possessing two basic tissues found in higher animalsand'a third tissue or'layer of jelly-like material with supporting elastic .
fibers between the ectoderm and endoderm, known as mesoglea. They alsohave a gastrovascular cavity that opens only through the mouth, radialsymmetry, and tentacles bearing nematocysts. The sting-- g unit of thecnidarians !3 the nematocyst, of which there are .many kinds. Approximately10,000 species of Cnidaria exist, and about 80 of these. having beenImplicated in stings oni humans. Some anemones are poisonous on ingestion.
36
1459 ABLE, N. Feeding behavior and the Seyler's Z. physiol. Ch,ý1.-,318 28nematocyst of Fungia and 15 1960.other species of corals. Pallao
Ta.biol. Sta. Stud. 1, 469, 19 37. 1469 ACKERMANN, D., HOLTZ, F. and
1460 ABEL, E.F. Ein Beitrag zur Giftwirk- und Konstitutionser'rrmti 'ýý1..-ý dc"sung der Aktinien und Punktion der Tetramins, eines Gi 'fti; ioRarKdsckchen. Zool. Anz. 153, Aktinia equina. Zeit iA. ?9,2$, 195*. 113, 1923.
1461 ABITA, 3.-P., CHICHEPORTICHE, 1470 ACKERMANN, D.,.H-OLTZ, F. anRL, SCHWETIZ, H. and LAZDUN- R E IN E IN, H. U be-r e. s A'A ti n jm .SKI, MI. Effects of neurotoxins Z-it. Biol. 81, 61, 1924.(veratridine, sea anemone toxin,tetrodotoxin) on transmitter ac- 1471 ACKERMANN, D., HOLTZFancumulation and release by nerve REIN WEIN, H. Oiber di,-:EýtatterminaI3 in vitro. Biochemistry stoffe von Aktinia ~j.Zyit.j,183,197 Biso. 80 31, 1924.
1462 ABRIC, M.P. Sur le fonctionnement 1472 ALLEN, A.H. A case of poisoninf, bydes coelenteres. C.R. Seanc. Soc. jellyfish. U.S. N avymd ul 14,Biol. 56, 1008, 1904. 396, 1920.
1463 ACKERMANN, D. Ueber die Identi- 1473 ALLNUTT, E.G. Th~,efcs of atit des Ak-tinirvi mit dem Butyro- sl~ing by a poisonous cmra"betain. Z. Biol. 86, 199, 1927. 3. Roy. Army Corrs LY¾,211!, lc-i
1464 ACKERMANN, D. Ueber das Var- 147* ALSEN, C. Cardiotoxic efl~ f ,twot,,,ýkommen von Homarirn, Trigonelfin toxins Isolated from !ýýtumd einer neuen Base Anemonin ý.i anemone. Arch. Phafm 27der Anthozoe AnwmonI~A stdc-Ata. 103, 1975..Ho~pp-Seyler's Z. PnwslolThm2_ 5 953 1475 ALSEN, C. and REINN¾'c,
Characterization of tto r- ý1465 ACKERMANN, 0. Rlchti gstel lug. cological and toic[>-
"Zoo-Anemonin" statt Anemonin. tions of two toxl:p'. ko!k I aýHcx p-St~yler's Z. physiol. Chemn. the wee anemone (Ancmn.n'izA s ýd296, 286, 1954. cata). Bull. Inst. Pas~ .' 4 7, I
T97.1466 ACKERMANN, D. and JANKA, R.
Ko,,stitution und Synthese des 1476 ALSEN, C. and TSLWAnemonins. Z. phys. Chem. 294, Further results on th,ý C;ý;
93, 1933. activity of two bscrfrom Anemonia
1467 ACKE RMAN. D. and LIST, P.M. Uber intern.' , nip. Pdas Vortkommen von Taurobetain, Microbial Toxins,Taurin un~d Inoiit im Riesen Kits- Rica, p. 79, 1976 (Asl).elschwarnr. Hoppe- S"!Y1erIs Z. BRS ~ "
ph', i ol. C hem. 31!7, 7 8, 19 59. 1477 ALSES, C., BRSL
't ,1L68 ACKERMANN, D. and LIST, P.H. one (Anemonia u '1
Zur Konstitution des Zooanem- fides On ma~mmals.~"enlns; und des Herbipolins. Hope 561, 1978.
87
1
14n7 ALSEN, C., SCHEUFLER, E. and 1439 ANON. Sea nettles or jellyfishes.TESSERAUX, I. Investigations US. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull.about the mode of action of a S I,_1944.toxin (ATXII) isolated from thesea anemone Anemonia sulcata. 1490 ANON. Giant jellyfish kills boy 10.Deut. PharrnakFoT. IT, 7 Los geles Times, Dec. 19, 1949.
1491 ANON. Jellyfish causes certain1479 ALSEN, C., BeRE5S, L., FISCHER, deadt. Fresno Bee, May 25, 5a,
K. et al. The action of a toxin 1954..fiRo iFe sea anemone Anemoniasulcata upon mammalian heart 1492 ANON. General discussion. Proc.imuclW& N.-S. Arch. exp. Path. Fs'M Intern. Convention Life Sav-Pharmak. 292,55, 1976. kig Techniques, Part III, Sci.
Sect., Bull. Post Grad. Comm.1440 ANDERSON, P.A.V. Ionic basis of Aled., Univ. Sydney, Australia,
action potentials and bursting ac- p. 12, 1963.tivity in the hydrornedusan jelly-fish Poieorchis- Icillatus. 3. 1493 ANON. Plenary session: report f "B"exp. Bhiol. , 7A , - oup. Pro7. First Intern. Con-.
yestlon Life Saving Techniques,1431 ANON. PoLsonous jelly-fish. Science Part U!, SC. ! ect., Bull. Post
UG p. 146, 188. Grad. Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney,Autralla, p. 121, 1963.
14S2 ANON. Sting of the Portuguese man-
of-war. 3.A.M.A. 56, 1213, 1911. 149" ANON. Irukandjl stings. Lancet (2),"'• ~190,19%4.'1433 ANON. Fish poisons. (Notes and
Comments). U.S. Navy med. Bull. 1495 ANON. Sea wasp sting kills child.0 466, 1924. at Daily Telegraph, Feb. 23,
1964.,14*3 ANON. 3ellyflsh lesions in z bather.
Clin. 3., London 63, 259, 1934. 1496 ANON. Beware the man-of-war.S' -- Time, Mar. 27, p. 41, 1964.
14-l5 ANON. Bites and stings. -echnicalManual, Guides to Therapy for 1497 AN•O. Bite: and stings. Thrap.Medical Officers, U.S. TM 8-210, Notes 73, 39, 1966.
,+ 74, 1942.149S ANON. Protection against sea nettle
. 14*6 ANON. Common emergencies and sting. 3.A.M.A. 201, 32, 1%7.health measures: 32. Jelly fish,1Portuguese man-of-war, and net- 1499 ANON. Australlan scientists studytie stings. Basic Field Marus-, sea wasp, a deadly jellyfish.First Aid for Soldiers. U.S. FM Hosp. Trib 2, 16, 1968.21-11, 37, 1943.
1500 ANON. Jellyfish poisoning. Under-* 1487 ANON. Jellyfish sting. Whats New crrents 1 (3), 1, 1968.
(72), 14, 1943.
1501 ANON. Jellyfish---not so harmless.1*88 ANON. Poisoning by snakes, plants, Am. Soc. Oceanogr. Newslett.
and fish. Arctic, Desert and p. 4, June, 1969.Tropic Info. Center Med., U.S.,Series I, p. 16, 1944. 1502 ANON. Jellyfish stings. M.D. 13, 85,
1969.
"+.•88
1503 ANON. Sea-wasp sting in Australia. 1516 ATTAWAY, D.H. Isolation and par-3.AM.A. 211- 1863, 1970. tial characterization of Carib-
bean palytoxin. Thesis, Univ.150 ANON. The sting of the. sea. Erne__g• Oklahoma, 1968.
Med., p. 4, July, 1971. O1517 AZNAURIAN, M.S. Clinical effects
1503 ANON. Vaccine is developed to of the venomous medusae of thecombat sting of Australia's sea Far 7ast. Kiln. Med., Moscow 36,wasps. Med. Trib. World Serv. 13, 105, 1958.!4,192
1518 AZNAURIAN, M.S. Venomous med-1506 ANON. 3ellyfish. Who needs them? usa of Primorye and toxic effects
Aminco Lab. News 29 13, 1973. on humans. Med. Parasitol.Parasit. Dis,, Moscow 33,1 443,
"; 1507 ANON. Poisonous invertebrates also 1964.cause some concern. 3.A.M.A.225, 129, 1973. 1519 AZNAURIAN, M.S. The vermnous
Gonionemus jellyfish. Akad.1508 ANON. Water, water everywhere. Nauk USSR, Vladivostok, 34p.,
Emerl. Med. _ , 108, 1973. 1964.
1509 ANON. CStudies of venomous med-sa 1520 BACQ, Z.M. Recherchet. sur la phys-Gonionemus ver-tens vertens_ , iologie et la pharmacologie duAkad. Nauk SSSR, Inst. Biol. systrne nerveux autonome.1 XVII.
7__ _oyaborn_ k Rabot 2, 1974. Les esters de la choline dans les"'. extraits de tissus des Invertebres.1•10 ANON. Coral danger. Fish. News Arch. intern. Physiol. L2, 24,
Intern. 17, 64, 1978. 1935.
1511 ANON. Jaws that bite, things that 1521 BADEN, H.P. and BURNETT, 3.W.sting. (Interview with Dr. F.E. Injuries from sea urchins.Russell). Emetr. Med. 10, 24, med. 3. 7C, 459, 1977.1978; see also Back to Basics.Cohen, 1.3. (ed7., E.M. Booksi 1522 BAGLIONI, S. Zur Kenntnis derN.Y., p. 271, 1979. physiologischen Wirkungý des
Kephalopodengiftes. Z. Biol. 52,1512 AOKI, T. Ober Medusenstichkrank- 130, 1908.
heit. Japan. Z. Derm. Urol. 22,835, 1922. 1523 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, F., tLIAS,
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1514 ARNOT, W. Die Spongern als krypto- 1524 BARNES, J.H. Observations jelly-toxische Tiere. Zool. Jahrb. 45, fish stingings in North Queens-"343, 1928. land. Med. 2. Aust. (2), 993, 1960.
1515 ARNOLD, H.L., JR. Portuguese 1525 BARNES, J.H. Stingings by jelly-man-of-war ("blue-bottle") fish. Proc. First Intern. Conven-stings; treatment with papain. tion Life Saving Techniques, PartProc. Straub Clinic, Honolulu, III, Sci. Sect., Bull. Post Grad.1971. Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney, Aus-
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.... 89
1326, BARNES, 3.8. Cause and effect in 1536 BAXTER, E.H. and LANE, W.R.Jrukandji su&4ngsn. Med. 3. Aust Recent investigations on sea-(1) 897, 1%6*. wasp stnig nAustralia. Med.
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venom: lethaT, ia-emo1iji.cad152 BARNES, 3.14. Chironex fleckeri and derrnonecrotic properties. Toxi-
Chjro!!Mu quadrigatus-.rnor- con 7, 195, 1969.phoo1gicaldistinctions. N.Queensland Nat., 13, 1965. 1538 BAXTER, Eii. and MARR, A.C.M.
Sea wasp (Chironex fleckeri) anti-1529 BARNES, 3ijH. A diagnostic proce- venene: neutralizng potency
dure 'for marine stings R against the venom of three otherAust. Nurs. med. Newslett il Jellyfish species. Toxicon 12, 223,73 15 965. 1974.
1530 BARNES, 3.8. Major stinging jelly- 1539 BAXTER, E.H. and MARR, A.G.M.fish-tropical Australian coast. Sea wasp toxoid.i an immunizing(Chart). G.K. Bolton: Cairns, agent against the venom of the
- 1965.box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri.
1331 BARNES, 341. On IrukandjI stinging Txcn1,4~~3and Its medusa. In, Inuisto 1540 BAXTER, E.H., MARR, A.G. andMan fromn Marine Invertelw'ates in LANE, W.R. Immunity to theth Aus. Cleland, venom of the sea wasp ChironexJ5.B and Sdofthictt R .V. (eds.), fleckceri. Toxicon S, 39,196Natn. Hith. & Med. Res. Counc.,-111th. Dept., Commonwealth Aws- 15*1 BAXTERo, E.H., WALDEN, N.B. andtrallas Canberra, p. 1*09 1%63. MARR, A.G. Intensive repeated
153 BRNE, .8. Std~e o theeplsaphetesi for maximum1c2BRES . Suoediaes -m thre yields of antibodies from a sheepven~omoscbmdse . h Immunized with a valuable anti-Cnidarla and Their Evolutlon gen. Lab. Anim. Care 22, 109,Ac-aaemic: London, p. 30,7, 966.1,2
1333 BARNES, 3.H. Marine stingers. 1542 BAXTER, Ei.4, WALDEN, N.B.,Recognition and first aid treat- LIEFMAN, G.E. and MARR,mne.to Queensland Hith. Ed. A.G.M. Fatal intoxication of rab-Counc., Brisbane, Hith. Ed. Pubi. bits, sheep and monkeys by the(114), 1966-67. venom of the sea wasp (Chironex
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Mon: Oxford, p. 115, 1967; seealso Toxicn 4, 292, 1967 (Abst.). 1544 BEDOT, M. Nots stir les ce'luies
1535 ARNE, 3.8 andKRAMP P.L Rev. Suisse Zool. 3,1335BARESJ~i andKRAP, .L.533, 1896.
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1545 B MRESS, L. Giftige Meerestiere. 1553 BERESS, L. and KREBS, H.C. Purifi-Umschau-Kurzberichte 74, 644, cation of some nontoxic polypep-
1974. tides from Anemonia sulcata.Tcxicon 16, 417, 1978 (AbsTJ"
1546 BSRESS, L. Effect on fishes of twotoxic polypeptides isolated from 1554 BERESS, L., BERESS, R. andAnemonia sulcata. Mar. Biol. 32, WUNDERER, G. Purification of190, 197T. three polypeptides with neuro-
and cardlotoxic activity from the
1547 BtRESS, L. Biologically active poly- sea anemone Anemonia sulcata.peptides, toxins and proteinase Toxicon 13, 35, 75..inhibitors from the sea anemonesAnemonia sulcata and Condylac- 1555 BLRESS, L., BE'RES5, R. andtisaurontiaca. In, Drugs and F6;2 WUNDERER, G. Isolation andromn the Sea. Mytth or Reality characterization of three poly-
Kl•i, P.N. and Sindermann, C.J. peptides with neurotoxic activity(eds.), Univ. Okla. Press: Norman, from Anemonia sulcata. F.E.B.S.Okla., p. 59, i978. Lett .50, 311, 1975.
1548 B1RESS, L. Anwendung sulen- 1556 BtRESS, L., BtRESS, R. and
chromatographischer und elek- WUNDERER, G. Purification oftrophoretischer Methoden bei der polypeptides with neurotoxic andIsolierung und Charakterisierung cardiotoxic activity from the sea
von toxischen Polypeptiden aus anemones Ariemonia sulcata andder Seeanernone Anemonia sul- Condyiactis aurantiaca. Bull.cata. GIT Labo%--edizin, p.", Inst. Paste-ur 74, 113, 1976.
1557 BfRESS, L., BtRESS, R. and1549 BtRESS, L. Biologisch aktive poly- WUNDERER, G. Isolation and
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Anemonia sulcata, Condyiactis peptides from sea anemones. In,aurantiaca und Bolocera tuediae. Marine Natural Products Chemis-Dissertation, Inst. Meereknd-e, try. Faulkner, D.J. and Fenical,Christian-Albrechts-Univ., Kiel, W.H. (eds.), Plenum: N.Y., p. 289,1979. 1977.
1550 BtRESS, L. and BERESS, R. Reining- 1558 BtRESS, L., WUNDERER, G. andung zweier krabbenllhmender WACHTER, E. Amino acid se-Toxine aus der Seeanemone quence of toxin II from AnemoniaAnemonia sulcata. Kieler Meer- sulcata. h 99e , i77.esforsch. 27, 117, 1971. Chys.o35 ,h9m5, 1977
1551 BiRESS, L. and BtRESS, R. Purifi- 1559 BgRESS, L, WUNDERER, G.,cation of biologically active poly- BgRESS, R. and FRITZ, H. Isola-peptides from the sea anemone tion and characterization of bio-Anemonia sulcata. 9th Meet. logically active polypeptidesFEB5, ongarn, 197t. (toxins and proteinase inhibitors)
from sea anemones (Anemonia1552 BtRESS, L. and KREBS, H.C. Purifi- sulcata) and Condylactis auranti-
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ROJAS, E. and RATHMAYER, W. anemone Metridium senile. Bio-Inhibition de l'inactivation sodium chir. biophy. Acta 5 I,-6, 19-78.de la membrane nodale par latoxine II d'Anemonia sulcata. 1570 BERNHEIMER, A.W., AVIGAD, L.S.C.R. Acad. SclPiWs2 , and KIM, K.S. Comparison with1976. metridlolysin from the sea anem-
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1578 BLANQUET, R. and LENHOF, H.M. 1589 BRUHN, H.D. and B&RESS, L. Poly-A disulfide-linked collagenous valent proteinase inhibitors fromprotein of nematocyst capsules. the sea anemone sulcata: effectScience 154, 152, 1966. on coagulation and fi-rinolysis.
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__J
1585 BRINKMAN, H.M. and RAVENS, U. 1594 BURNETT, J.W. An electron micro-Dependence of the ouabain- scopic study of two nematocytesinduced changes in action poten- in the tentacle of Cyanea capil-tials and force of concentration lata. Chesapeake Sci. 12, 67,on stimulation frequence. T§'71.
93
1595 BURNETT, 3.W. and CALTON, G.J. (Chrysaoraqui__ecirrha) nemat-Purification of sea nettle nemat- ocyst toxin on the rat cardio-ocyst toxins by gel diffusion, vascular system. Proc. Soc. exp.Toxicon 11, 243, 1973. Biol. 132, 353, 1969.
1596 BiJRNETT, 1.W. and CALTON, GJ. 1604 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOLDNER, R.The enzymatic content of the Effect of Chrysaora quinquecir-venoms of the sea nettle and the rha (sea nettle)toxin on rat nervePortuguese man-o-war. Cor : muscle. Toxicon 3, 179, 1970.Biochem. Physiol. 47B, 815,I, 4"Salso Fed. Proc.-31, 247, 1974. 1605 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOLDNER, R.
Partial purification of sea nettle1597 BURNETT, 3.W. and CALTON, GJ. (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) nemat-
Sea nettle and man-o-war ocyst toxin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol.venoms: a chemical comparison Med. 133, 97, 1970.-of their venoms and studies on thepathogenesis of the sting. 3. 1606 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOLDNER, R.invest. Derm. 62, 372, 1974. Some immunological aspects of
sea nettle toxins. Toxicon 9, 271,1398 BURNETT, 3.9. and CALTON, GJ. 1971.
A toxicological comoarison ofthree venomous jellyfish. Lloydia 1607 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOULD, W.M.37, 641, 1974 (Abst.). Further studies on the purifica-
tion and physiological actions of1599 BURNETT, 3.W. and CALTON, GJ. sea nettle toxin. Proc. Soc. exp.
Some chemical and' phkirmaco- Biol. I38, 759, 197W1.logical studies of two venomousjellyfish. In, Animal Plant and 1608 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOULD, W.M.'Microbial Toxins. hka, A., Immunodiffusion--a techniqueHayashi, K. and Sawal, Y. (eds.), for coelenterate polyp identifi-Plenum: N.Y., vol. 2, p. 337, cation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.1976; see also Toxicon 13, 88, 40, 855, 1971.1975 (Abst.).
1609 BURNETT, 3.W. and SUTTON, 3.5. -'
1600 BURNETT, 3.W. and CALTON, G-7. The fine structurea organizationA comparison of the toxicology of of the sea nettle fishing tentacle.the nematocyst venom from sea 3. exp. Zool. 172, 335, 1969.nettle fishing and mesenterictentacles. Toxicon 14, 109, 1976. 1610 BURNETT, 3.W., CALTON, G.J. and
CARGO, D.G. Recent investiga-1601 BURNETT, 3.W. and CALTON, G.J. tion on the nature and action of
Review article: the chemistry and sea nettle toxins. Intern. Cong.toxicology of some venomous pel- Derm., Set. 289, p. 768, May,agic coelenterates. Toxicon 15, 1972.177, 1977.
1611 BURNETT, 3.W., GOULD, W.M. and1602 BURNETT, J.W. and CALTON, G.J. GOLDNER, R. Sea nettle toxin.
Use -,i .TE antibody de-.rmina- Immunologic protection fromtions in cutaneous coelenterate cutaneous stings and other biolog-envenomdtions. Cutis 27, 50, ical effects with studies on the1980. effect of percutaneous sodium
transport. Clin. Res. 19, 359,1603 BURNETT, 3.W. and GOLDNER, R. 1971 (Abst.).
The effect of sea nettle
94
1612 BURNETT, 3.W., WARNICK, 3.E. and 1622 CALTON, 0.3. Purification of seaWEINRICH, D. Sea nettle toxin, nettle nematocyst toxins by gelLooking for a site of action. Fed. diffusion. Toxicon 11, 243, 1973.Proc. 37, 787, 1978 (Abst.).
1623 CALTON, G.1. and BURNETT, 3.W.1613 BURNETT, 3.W., CALTON, G.3., Isolation of sea nettle nematocyst
MEIER, H. and KAPLAN, P. Med- toxins. Clin. Res. 20, 416, 1972. 0iators present in the nematocystvenoms of the sea nettle, sea 1624 CALTON, 0.,?. and BURNETT, J.W.wasp and Portuguese man-o-war. The purification of PortugueseComp. Biochem. Physiol. 51C, man-of-war nematocyst toxins by153, 1975. gel diffusion. Comp. gen. Phar-
mac. 4, 267, 1973.1.614 BURNETT, 3.W., CALTON, 0.3.,
MEIER, H. and KAPLAN, P. A 1625 CALTON, G0J. and BURNETT, 3.W.study on the kinin activity of The effect of two jellyfish toxinsthree venomous jellyfish. Comp. on calcium ion transport. ToxiconBiochem. Physiol. 51C, 153, 1975. 11, 357, 1973.
1615 BURNETT, 3.W., PIERCE, L.H., JR., 1626 CALTON, G0.. and BURNETT, 3.W.NAWACHINDA, R. and STONE, Sea nettle nematocysts: anatomy,3.H. Studies on sea nettle stings. toxicology and chemistry. In,Arch. Derm. 98, 587, 1968. Food-Drugs from the Sea-
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nettle and Portuguese man-of-1617 BURNETT, 3.W., STONE, 3.H., war nematocyst venoms. Fed.
PIERCE, L.H., JR. et al. Studies Proc. 33, 247, 1974.on the structure, T-hsiarge andtoxin of sea nettle nematocysts. 1628 CALTON, G.3. and BURNETT, 3.W.Fed. Proc. 27, 504, 1968. A comparison of the nematocyst
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1619 CALDER, D.R. Nematocysts of 1629 CALTON, G.3. and BURNETT, J.W.Aurelia, Chrysaora and Cyanea The assessment of pain followingand their utifity in identification. coelenterate envenomations.Trans. Am. microsc. Soc. 90, 269, Toxicon 16, 679, 1973.1971.
1630 CALTON, G.J., BURNETT, J.W. and1620 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Les STALING, L.M. The Maryland
Animaux Venimeux et !a Sro- blue crab: an experimental animaltherapie Antivenimeuse. Masson for cardiotoxicological investiga-& Cie: Paris, 396p., 1"07. tions. In, Drugs and Food from
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Animals and Antivenomous Univ. Okla. Press, Norman, Okla.,Serum-Therapeutics. John Bale, 1978.Sons & Danielson: London, 1908.
0
95 :"
1631 CALTON, G.J., BURNETT, 3.W. and biologiques de l'extrait des 6YADER, V. A study of the rnem- acconties d'Adamsia palliataatocyst venoms of the sea anem- apr~s d~prot~inisation. C.R. Soc.one, Bolocera tuediae. Toxicon Biol. 117, 136, 1934.16, 443, 1978.
1641 CANrACUAkNE, 3. and DAMBOY-.1632 CALTON, G.3., GOULD, W.M. and IDJEANU, A. Caractbres physico-
BURNETT, 3.W. Further purifi- chimiques du poison des accontiescation of sea nettle toxin and its d'Adamsia palaa C.R. Soc.action an. membranes. Fed. Proc. Biol.. 1 175, 034.31. 2339 1972 (Abstj.)
1642 CANTACUZANE, 3. and DAMBOY-1633 CALTON, G.3., BURNETT, 3.W., IDEANU, A. L'action pr~cipi-
GARBUS, 3. and MAX, S.R. The tante spcifique du serumeffects of Crsora and Physalia d'Euars prideauxi sur les poi-venomns oniiohnilsrc soid'Adg-msi~lIi C.R. Soc.twre and function. Proc. Soc. Bil 17, 269, T93-4-.exp. Biol. 143, 91 J
1643 CARGO, D.G. and SCHULTZ, L.P.1634 CALTON, G.3., BURNETT, 3-W., Notes on the biology of the sea
RUBINSTEIN, H. and HEARD, 3. nettle, Chyar quiqucrrha,The effect of two jellyfish toxins .in ChspaeBy.Ceaekon calcium ion transport. Toxicon Sd.- 7,95, 1966.L 1. 357, 1973.
1664 CARGO, D.G. and SCHULTZ, L.P.1635 CAMERON, A.M. Toxicity phenoni- Further observations on the biol-
ena in coral reef waters. Proc. ogy of the sea nettle and jelly-2nd Intern. Coral Reef Syp ,fishes in Cheapeake Bay. Chesa-513, 1974. peake Sci. 8, 209, 1967.
.-436 CANTACUZENE, 3. Action toxique 1665 CARIELLO, L. and D'ANIELLO, A.des poisons dAdamnsia ailt sur Isolation and characterization ofles crustac~s ecpodesJ C .R. four toxic protein fractions fromSoc. Biol. 92, 1131, 1925. the sea anemone Anemonia sul-
cata. Toxicon 13, 3~931637 CANTACUZANE, 3. Iminuniti
df24u rdeui vis-a-vis 11666 CASTELLINO, P.G. Dermatosi pro- AL-des poisons d~Adama palliata. I essionali le alterazioni cutaneeC.R. Soc. Biol. 92, 1133, 1925. dci lavoratori del corallo. Folia
med., Naples 23, 132, 1937.1638 CANTACUZENE, J. Activation des
poisons de l'Adams~ia paljiaa par 1667 CATALA, R.L. Carnival Under thela I6cithine et pouv;irh~rnoly- Sea. R. Sicard: Paris, 14 1p., ! 964.tique. C.R. Soc. Bidl. 95, 118,1926. 1668 CATTERALL, W.A. Neurotoxins as
allosteric modifiers of voltage-1639 CANTACUZAENE, 3. and COSMOV- Isensitive sodium channels. in,
ICI, N. Action toxiquc de poisons [Advances in Cytopharmacology.cPAdarnsia paliat sur divers Ceccarelli, B. and Clementi, F. .invertirs marins. C.R. Soc. (eds.), Raven-* N.Y., vol. 3, p. 305,Biol. 92, 1464, 1925. 1979.
1640 CANTACUZANE, 3. and DAMBOY- 1669 CATrTERALL, W.A. and BlfRESS, L.IDNEAU A. Caract~res Sea anemone toxin and scorpion
96
toxin share a common receptor 1678 CIERESZKO, L.S., SIFFORD, D.H.site associated with the action and WEINHEIMER, AJ. Chemis-potential sodium tonophore. J. try of coelenterates, I. Occur-biol. Chem. 253, 7393, 1978. rence of terpenoid compounds in
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"128
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2301 WELSH, 3.H. Composition and mode 2311 WILL, L. Kolloidal Substanz als
of action of some invertebrate Energiequelle fGr die rnikroskop-venoms. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 4, ischen Schusswaffen der Coelen-293, 1964. teraten. Abh. K. Preuss. Akad.
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Aust. nat. Hist. 14, 312, 1964..2323 WUNDERER, G., BýRESS, L.,
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133
CHAPTER VI
ECHINODERMATA" ~~(Echinoderms)"-"
Citatiors treating of the venomous and poisonous echinoderms--the. sea stars (starfishes), sea urchins, and sea cucumbers-will be found in this
chapter. Approximately 85 of the 6000 species comprising four classes areknown to be toxic. .
In the asteroids (sea stars) the poison apparatus is thought to beassociated with certain acidophilic cells in the epidermis. The toxin is.discharged by these cells into the water or, as in the case of .humans,directly onto the skin. In addition, sea stars have stinging cells, orpedicellariae, which contain a toxin. Some sea stars produce poisoningfollowing ingestion.
The principal venom apparatus in the sea urchins is the S!andulargemmiform or globiferous pedicellaria, which is a modified spine with a"flexible head and three calcareous jaws, each having a rounded, #ooth-likefang. Some secondary sea-urchin spines also contain a venom.
Some toxic sea cucumbers have special defense organs,. which can be"emitted through the anus. These may release a proteinaceous material."However, some sea cucumbers do not possess these Cuverian tubulet; theydischarge their toxin through the body wall. Humans eating these animalsmay be poisoned. A
134
-3.
2350 AKIYA, R. (Starfish lees is effective toxic effect of cucumarioside Cfor extermination of flies.] Rept. from Cucumaria fraudatrix onHokkaido Fish. Lab. 361, 10,T9-37. early embryogenesis of the sea
urchin. Toxicon 12, 327, 1974.235t ALENDER, C.B. The venom from the
heads of the globiferous pedicel- 2360 ANIS1MOV, M.M., SHENTSOVA,lariae of the sea urchin, Tripneus- E.B., SHCHEGLOV, V.V. et al.tes gratilla (Linnaeus). Thesis, Toxic effects of certain penta-Univ. Hawaii, 1964. cyclic triterpenoids on early em-
bryogenesis of the sea urchin.2352 ALENDER, C.B. A biologically ac- Toxicon 14, 259, 1976.
tive substance from the spines oftwo diadematid sea urchins. In, 2361 ANON. Plenary session: report of "B"Animal Toxins. Russell, F.E. and group. Proc. First Intern. Con-Saunders, P.R. (eds.), Pergamon: vention Life Saving Techniques,Oxford, p. 145, 1967; see also Part III, Sci. Sect., Bull. Post GradToxicon 4, 296, 1967 (Abst.). Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney, Aus-
tralia, p. 121, 1963.
2353 ALENDER, C.B. The venom from thepedicellariae and spines of 2362 ANON. Water, water everywhere.Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Emerg. Med. 3, 108, 1973.2nd intern. Symp.• Aimal y ~- Toxins,-"'"'
Tel Aviv, p. 22, 1970 (Abst.). 2363 APSIMON, 3.W., BUCCINI, J.A. andBADRIPERSAUD, S. Marine or-
2354 ALENDER, C.B. and RUSSELL, F.E. ganic chemistry. I. Isolation ofPharmacology. In, Physiology of 3s,6 % dihydroxy-54-pregn-9(1 1)-Echinodermata. Boo ootian, R.A. en-20-one from the saponins of(ed.), Interscierce: N.Y., p. 529, the starfish Asterias forbesi. A1966. rapid method for extraEh-s-tar-
fish saponins. Can. 3. Chem. 51, It2355 ALENDER, C.B., FEIGEN, G.A. and 850, 1973.
TOMITA, J.T. Isolation and char-acterization of sea urchin toxin. 2364 ARVY, L. Toxicitd des tissus deToxicon 3, 9, 1965. Holothuria tubulosa, de H. polii et
de H. impatiens pour quelques
2356 ANDO, Y. Sea hare feeding behav- vertgSrd7s.T .. Acad. Sci. 239,ior. Kagaku 22, 87, 1952. 1432, 1954.
2357 ANDO, Y. and HASEGAWA, 0. 2365 ATZ, 3.W. Beneficent poison from[Study of preventive effect of the sea? Animal Kingdom 55starfish lees to flies.1 Reot. 175, 1952.Hokkaido Hyg. Lab. 7, 67, 1955. -- ' ý'
2366 AZHGIKHIN, I.S.9 GANDEL, V.G.,2358 ANISIMOV, M.M., FRONER-J, E.B., MEKHTIKHANOV, S.D., SERE-
KUZNETSOVA, T.A. and ELYA- BRIANNIKOV, N.V. and AKSEN-KOV, G.B. The toxic effect of OVA, N.A. [Obtaining tetrcdo-triterpene glycosides from Stich- toxin and holothurin from Sovieto" japonicus Selenka on early raw materials.] Farmatsiia (4),emiryogenesis of the sea urchin. 27, 1979.Toxicon 11, 109, 1973.
2367 BACQ, Z.M. Recherches sur la
2359 ANISIMOV, M.M., SHCHEGLOV, physiologie et la pharmacologieV.V., STONIK, V.A., FRONERT, du syst~me nerveux autonome.E.B. and ELYAKOV, G.B. The XVII. Les esters de la choline
135
•°o-3-
, *,'1*
I II
dans les extraits des tissus des 2378 BAZEX, A., BAZEX, 3. andinvertibr6s. Arch. intern. Phys- ALBAREL, N. Granulome h piq-Id. o.2- 2* 193G5. res d'oursens avec lesions osseu-
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Injuries from sea urchins. South.M .. . 70,*59, 1977. 2379 BIEDEBACH, M.C., JACOBS, G.P.
and LANGJAHR, S.W. Muscle -.2369 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, R., ELIAS, membrane potential effects of aP.S. et al. Problems of toxicants toxin extract from the sea urchin -. -
In marTie food products 1. Marine Lytechinus pictus (Verrill).biotoxins. Bull. Wld. H-th. Or2 . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 59C., II,r 2$ 69, 1970. 1978.
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ity in sponges and holothurians: a Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 4 241,geographic pattern. Science 185 1973.531,1974. ;"" :
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2388 CHAET, A.S. Further studies on the 2398 CHANLEY, 3.D., PERLSTEIN,3.toxic factor in Phascolosma. NIGRELLI, R.F. and SOBOTKA,Biol. Bull. 109, 356, 1955. H. Further studies on the struc-
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2643 MENDES, E.G., ABBUD, L. and MI3I, 2654 NIGRELLI, R.F. Biochemistry andS. Cholinergic action of homo- pharmacology of compounds de-genates of sea urchin pedicellar- rived from marine organisms.iae. Science 139, 408, 1963. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Scl. 90, 615,
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151
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- .j
CHAPTER V-
MOLLUSCA(Snails, Slugs, Squids and Octopuses, Mussels, Clams, Oysters)
Citations in this chapter relate to the venomous and poisonousgastropods, pelecypods, and cephalopods. Among the venomous gastropodsare members of the genus Conus, of which there are approximately 400species, most confined to the shlow waters of tropical and subtropical seasand oceans. Amcng the pelecypods are the bivalves, clams, mussels, andoysters, often implicated in paralytic shellfish poisoning. Some octopods area danger to man, and some squid have been reported to be poisonous.
References to paralytic shellfish poisoning, mussel or clam poisoning,or Gonyaulax poisoning will usually be found in this chapter if a mollusc isinvolved. If the article deals only with the protistan and its poison, thecitation will be found in Chapter II.
153
S....,,.,
153.
73 ABMOTr, ILT. Mo~uslo wW medl- pohiiusow zsubances Nissincim in Vaid Vw JUL Smithsonian -%-U--- 1, 19".
~ 2790 AlUa&% T. Food poisoning due tooystet3 and baby dams in Japan,
?9 ABBOTT, L.T. The venmw mu x oiooia effecti of the$Wb S&. cmuuelmw 125 I, toxic suistwce. IMt Facif Sd.
CAmVg., Hbnohldiz p. t44, 1%1
30 ABBOTT, LYT. Aiwicini S*eU&eisVm*&Muuk N.Y., alp.. 1954. 27"1 AlIa&% T. and HATTORI, Y. FbW .
poam emwd by eatinig asa31 ABBOTT, ]LT. Vewmapp~watu axE (V PSemidcusata) and
kmpu~ia d&sV*atMf in ytr(~si~eCAun F Notufale co the twdiiustance, veeuwiqrut
32 AaCERMALVA, D. ih,5 cbe Extrakt-. 27M ALLAN, 3 Poisonous Adtfi!*. Med.I oft , a y~ etduli. L Mi!-. 3. Aust. (2),54 1935.
2793 ALLAN, 3. Ausflalim Shells with33 AaCKRuANN, D. axE MOMR, M. Related Aniumal Living in the
Ober das Valrinmau vt Octoý- Sea, in Fresh-wter and anthe~pit, Agnatin tand Ar~iti in dw Land. Georgian Hmm Mei-
IM I ENed~neUNZlwka. ourzep.. 183, 1951Lj,2"9, 1937. 2794 ALPERS, F. Zw Keantis die Anato-
mm vat Cxnz Uvmkn Bhrag, bes-M AOMERMANIN6 D. and PANT, R. ewkm des Duanukal& (Fauma et
Heitsoff des Sdnoaxmes Analmsia ceylatica). 3ena L-
2795 ANASTASI, A. ane ERSPANIER, V.35 ACRE!S, 21. and GRAY, 3.. Pwalyti Oomirenc axd pm rperties
sldifth a bxzism Cam. me-L of eledoisit in extracts of poteg-Axwr. 3- 1111? 17 ior saivary glanift of Eledoie. Br.
7A AI)ACM R- CIwrtE o . -rzbivalwes inassiitima with the 27% ANASTASI, A. and ERSPAMER,, V.bbwmm of Gaj~ sp. in Owase Thexm intazim axd amnh add se-fay. NgixutS m-CdM SM4;,qec fe~os4teatv
V7 A1IBA, T. IStafme an Mum t-nedce Bioxhem. BkAys. 101I, 56, 11963.dam and oyster toxhisjIN~ (1073 UW), 13, 1943. 2797 ANDERSON, DJ3L and MOREL,
FMJL~ Toidc 6nofApatkAKMAT. Sudy a poions o bi s ithe Cape Cad reg <9
-- gwslta nd M"'' F5-M In, Tox2iC Di0--
IM194- 3- n
Amm -4%dked c~a and itsvaL 1, .p615 1979..
154~
2793 ANDERSOC, L.S. Toxic sheiffish in Grad. Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney,British Couismbia. Am. 3. pik. Aust., p. 121, 1963.Mlth. 20, 71, 1960. H212 ANON. Shell death. Sydne Momnng
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2925 ARVY, L. Histoenzymological data 2834 ASANO, M., TAKAYANAGI, F. andon the digestive tract of Ot FURUHARA, Y. Studies on thev a Lamarck (Ceph4aopoa). toxic wbstances in marine ani-SAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90, 929, mals. I. Shellfish-poisoning from
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2359 BANNARD, RLA., GREENHALGH, 2870 BENDER, LA., DERIEMER, R.,R and CASSELMAN, A.A. Clam ROBERT, T.E. et al. Cholinepoison V. Hydolysis of clam poi- esters i the marine gastoodsson under mild conditions. Def. Nucella emarginata and Acanth-Re. Chem. Labs. Can. Rept. ina wata a new choline ester,(358), 1961. tentatively identified as N-
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-9-
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clams are found toxic. Alaska's chimica delle sostanze fenolicheHIth. Wlfr. 19, 1, 1962. presenti negli estratti acetonici
di ghiandole salivari posteriori di3635 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Oom vulgaris. Arch. Fisiol. --. 4
National shellfish sanitation pro- 40, 293, 1940.gram manual of operations. PartI. Sanita-ion of shellfish growing 3664 VIGIER, M.P. Sur le r8le des glandesareas. Part I. Sanitation of shell- salivaires des ciohalopodes. CR.fish growing areas. Houser, L.S. Soc. Biol. 58, 429, 1905.(ed.), U.S. Dept. Hlth. Ed., WIfr.,Washingon, 31p., 1965. 3665 VINCENT, D. and 3ULLIEN, A.
L'activitd cholinesterasique des366 VAN THOAI, N. and ROCHE, 3. extraits myocardiques chez les
Phosphagerns of marine animals. mollusques. C.R. Soc. Biol. 127fAnn. N.Y. Acad. 5c. 90, 923, 631, 1938.1960.
3666 VINCENT, D. and J1LLIEN, A. Con-3657 VAN ZANT, C.B. Fish and shellfish tribution ý l'etude de la cholin-
poishning, with illustrative cases. estdrase chez les invertebres. LaCol•rado Med. 11, 453, 1914. cholinesterase de l'hemolymph
des mollusques. C.R. Soc. Biol.3653 VAUGHAN, V.C. Food poisoning. 127, 628, 1938.
Sci. Month. 71, 155, 1950.3667 VINCENT, D. and 3ULLIEN, A. De la
3659 VAYSSItRE, M.A. Recherches zoo- teneur des principaux organes deloSiques et anatomiques sur les Murex en esters de la choline.mollusques opistobranches du Cr-IA oc. Biol. 129, 602, 1938.golfe de Marseille. Part 1, Tecti-branches. Ann. Mus. nat. Mar- 3668 VINCENT, D. and JULLIEN, A. Laseille Zool. (M4m. 1), 2, 5, 1885. teneur en ac~tylcholine du coeur
des Mollusques. C.R. Soc. Biol.3660 VIALLI, M. Sulle caratteristiche 127, 334, 1938.
istochimiche della ghiandola dellaporpora in Murex trunculus. Boll. 3669 VINCENT, D. and 3ULLIEN, A.Soc. Ital. Biol. sper. 9, 203, 1934. Richesse de la glande .• Dourpre
des Murex en esters de la cholIine.C.R. Soc. Biol. 127, 1506, 193S."
201
367W VIRCHOW, R. Ueber die Vergilftun- sea hares.--I. A preliminary phar-' gen durch Miesmuscheln in Wil- macological study. Toxicon 11,
helrnshaven. Berl. klin. Wschr. 269, 1973.22, 731, 1385.
3679 WATTS, 3.5., DA COSTA, F.M. andK 3671 VIRCHOW, R. Beitrage zur Kennt- REILLY, J. Some factors influ-
niss der giftigen Miesmuscheln. encing the action of paralytic"Arch. Pathol. Anat, Physiol. 104, shellfish poison in rats. Fed." 161, 1886. Proc. 24, 392, 1965.
3672" VON BONDE, C. Mussel and fish 3680 WATTS, J.S., OVERPECK, 3.G. andpoisoning. Air. med. 3. 22, 760, REILLY, 3. Influence of func-1943. tional development on convul-
sions to shellfish. Fed. Proc. 25,3673 WALDICHUK, M. Shellfish toxicity 5, 1966.
"and the weather in the Strait ofGeorgia during 1957. Fish. Res. 3681 WATTS, 3J.., REILLY, 3., DA COS-Bd. Can., Prog. Rept., Pac. Coast TA, F.M. and KROP, S. AcuteSta. (112), lOp., 1958. toxicity of paralytic shellfish poi-
son in rats of different ages.3674 WALKER, S. and KAO, C.Y. Struc- Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol. 8, 286,
ture-activity relations of saxi- 1966.toxin analogs. Fed. Proc. 39, 380,1980. 3682 WEIGLE, 3.B. and BARCHI, R.L. -
Analysis of saxitoxin binding in, 43675 WASKIEWICZ, S., CARLSON, C.J., isolated rat synaptosomes using a
MAGNUSSON, H.W., CRAVEN, rapid filtration assay. F.E.B.S.H.3. and GALERMAN, D.M. Lett. 91, 310, 1978.Technological studies on theAlaska butter clam Saxidomus 3683 WELSH, 3.H. Composition and modegiganteus, from 1946 to 1951; V. of action of some invertebrateA study of processing methods for venoms. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 4, .•toxic butter clams. Fish. exp. 293, 1964.Comm. Alaska, Fish. Prod. Lab.,Ketchikan, Tech. Rept. (K-26), 3684 WELSH, 3.H. and MOORHEAD, M.13p., 1954. Identification and assay of 5-
hydroxytryptamine in molluscan3676 WATSON, 1w. Some aspects of the tissues by fluorescence method.
pharmacology, chemistry and bi- Science 129, 1491, 1959.ology of the midgut gland toxinsof some Hawaiian sea hares, 3685 WELSH, 3.". and MOORHEAD, M.especially Dolabella auricularia The quantitative distribution ofand Caplysl -pimonica. Thesis, 5-hydroxytryptamine in the in-University of Michigan, 1969. vertebrates, especially in their
nervous systems. 3. Neurochem.3677 WATSON, M. Midgut gland toxins of 6, 146, 1960.
Hawaiian sea hares--l. Isolationand preliminary toxicological 3686 WHEDON, W.F. Spawning habits ofobservations. Toxicon 11, 259. the mussel Mytilus californianus1973. Conrad, with notes on the possible
relation to mussel poison. Univ.3678 WATSON, M. and RAYNER, M.D. Calif. Publ. Zool. (Los Ang T""
Midgut gland toxins of Hawaiian 4, 3, 1936.5,
2j
202
0-I
3697 WHITE, A.W. Salinity effects on 3696 WIBERG, G.S. and STEPHENSON,growth and toxin content of N.R. Toxicologic studies on para-Gonyaulax excavata, a marine lytic shellfish poison. Toxicol.inoffagelate causing paralytic appl. Pharmacol. 2, 607, 1960.
shellfish poisoning. 3. Phycol. 14,473, 1973. 3697 WIBERG, G.S. and STEPHENSON,
N.R. The effect of metal ions on3683 WHITE, A.W. and MARANDA, L. the toxicity of paralytic shellfish
Paralytic toxins in dinoflagellate poison. Toxico!. appl. Pharmacol.Gonvaulax excavata and in shell- 3, 707, 1961.fish.' I. aan. Fish. Res. Bd. 351, :
397, 197T. 3698 WIDDOWS, J., MOORE, M.N.,LOWE,D.M. and SALKELD, P.N. Some
36Z9 WHITLEY, G.P. Dangerous Austral- effects of a dinoflagellate bloomian fishes. Proc. First Intern. (Gyrodinium aureolum) on theConvention Life Saving Tech- mussel, Mytil edulis. J. mar.niques, Part II, Sci. Sect., Bull. Biol. Asso. U.K.5922, 9T9.Post Grad. Comm. Med., Univ.Sydney, Australia, p. 131, 1963. 3699 WIENER, S. Preliminary studies on
the venom of the marine snail3690 WHITTAKER, V.P. Pharmacologi- Conus. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90,
cally active choline esters in mar- 7"6"T960.ine gastropods. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci. 90, 695, 1960. 3700 WIKHOLM, D.M. 1. Studies on the
toxic principle and accompanying3691 WHITTAKER, V.P. and WIJESUND- bases found in the sea mussel,
ERA, 5. The separation of esters Mytilus californianus, Conrad. II.of choline by filter-paper chrom- Studies on the toxic principle andatography. Biochem. 3. 51, 348, the accompanyin.g bases found in1952. the marine plankton organism,
Gonyaulax catenella Whedon and3692 WHYSNER, 3A.A and SAUNDERS, Kofoid. Thesis, Northwestern
P.R. Stu-_is on the venom of the Univ., 124p., 1947.marine snail Conus californicus.Toxicon 1, 115,7960. 3701 WINKLER, L.R. Preliminary tests of
the toxin extracted from the Cal-3693 WHYSNER, 3.A. and SAUNDERS, ifornia sea hares of the genus
P.R. Purification of the lethal Aplysia. Pac. Sci. 15, 211, 1961.fraction of the venom of themarine snail Conus californicus. 3702 WINKLER, L.R. and ASHLEY, L.M.Toxicon 4, l77••T9'6. The anatomy of the common oct-
opus of northern Washington.3694 WHYTE, 3.M. Muscle paralysis by Walla Walla Coll., Dept. Biol. Sci. -
cone shell venom. Aust. J. Sci. Sta. (10), 29p., 1954.25, 99, 1962.
3703 WINKLER, L.R. and DAWSON, E.Y.3695 WHYTE, 3.M. and ENDEAN, R. Observations and experiments on
Pharmacological investigation of the food habits of California seathe venoms of the marine snails hares of the genus Aplysia. Pac.Conus textile and Conus Sci. 17, 102, 1963.&rap-us. To-xcon 1, 2777-6.2.
3704 WINKLER, L.E and TILTON, B.E.Predation on the California sea-hare, Aplysia californica Cooper,
203
-f
by the solitr ra gensa 3713 WOOD, P.C. Toxins in the red whelk.anemone, Artopez xantho- Mar. Pollut. Bull. (U.K.), 4., 157,
jrmc. Oant) . and% the 4 1973.re*cto he sea-hare toxin and
aceyicoliean anemone mus- 3714 WOOD, P.C. Public health aspects ofcl. ac ci 1,286, 1962. shellfish from polluted waters.
In, Biologica Indicators of Water3705 WINKLER, L.R., TILTON, B.E. and itr 3ax-nes, A. and Evison, L.
HARDINGE, M.G. A cholinergic (eds. , John Wiley & Sons: Chich-agent extracted from sea hares, ester, chap. 13, p. 1, 1979.Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 137,76, 1962. 3715 WOOD, P.C. Guide to shellfish
hygiene. Wid. Hith. Org. Offset3706, WISTAR, E.M. Poisonous conies. In, Publ. No. 31.
Buttonwood Farm Shell Auction.Marinne and Land Shells. Cetnut 3716 WOODWARD, G. Conference on'Hill: Phlladelphia, p.146, 1957. shellfish toxicology. PubI. Hith.
Sery., Washington, D.C., p. 26,-3707, WOLFF, M. Die Lokalisation, des 1955.
*Giltes a,', den Miesmuscheln.Arch. Path. Anat. 103.17186 3717, WOODWARD, S.P.' Manual of the
Moilusca. Lockwood & Co.: Lon-3708 WOLFF, M. Die Ausdehnung des don, 228p., 1875.
Gebvietes der giftigen Miesmuseb-eln und der sonstigen giftigen 3718 YAMAMURA, S. and HIRATA, Y. A
* Seethiere In Wilhelmnshaven. Ver- naturally-oqccurring bromo-com-handl. Berlinex Med. GessetscE. pound, aplysmi-ZO from Aplysia17 1,18 se lo icoWs kurodai. Bull. chem. Soc. Jpn. 44,Arch. 1014 103, 1836. 2560, 1971.
3709 WOLFF,' M. Utber das erneute Vor- 3719 YASIRO, H. (Fatal bites of Conuskoimeni van giitlgen Miess- LV~khU_ Venus 9, 165, 1939.musche-in in Wilhelmshaven.Arch.atl.A t.Pyol10 3720 YASUMOTO, T. Pharmacologically376, 1887. active amines in a turban shell,
Turbo argyrostoma. In, Animal,3710 WOLFSON, P.M. Co0nes: beautiful Plant -and Microbial Toxins.
but dangerous snails of the sea. Ohsaka, A., Hayashi, K. andAnial indom73 6, 1970. Sawai, Y. (eds.), Plenum: N.Y,
vol. 1, p. 311, 1974.3711 WOLOSZYNSKA, 3. and CONRAD,
.W. Pyrodinium phnu n. sp., 3721 YASUMOTO, T. and KANNO. K.agent de Ja toxiciti des mouit~s du Occurrence of toxins resembling77canal maritime de Bruges It Zee- ciguatoxin, scaritoxin, and rraito-brugge. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. toxin in a turban s~iell. Bull. Jpn.
~!&15, 1, 19 39. Soc. scient. Fish. 42, 1399, 1976.
3712 WOOD, P.C. Distribution of toxin in 3722 YASUMOTO, T. and KOTAKI, Y.molluscan shellfish following the Occurrence of saxitoxin in aoccurrence of mussel toxicity in green turban shell. Bull. Jpn. Soc.'north-east England. Nature 220, scient. Fi!h. 43, 207, 1977.
3723 YASUMOTO, T., OSHIMA, Y. andYAMAGUCHI, M. Occurrence of
S 204
a new type of toxic shellfish inJapan and chemical properties ofthe toxin. In Toxic Dirioflagel-late Blooms. (rc n nenCRT.), Taylor, D.L. and Seliger,H.H. (eds.), Elsevier/North-Hol-land: N.Y., vol. 1, p. 395, 1979.
3724 YASUMOTO, T., WATANBE, T.adHASHIMOTO, Y. (physiologicalactivities of starfish saponin.]Bull. Jpn. Soc.' scient. Fish* 30,
35,1964.
3725 YENTSCH, C.M. and, MAGUE, FZ.CMotile cells and cysts: two prob--able mechanisms of intoxicationof shellfish in New Englaiid-waters. In, Toxic DinoilageilateBlooms. (P-roc. 2nd Intern.Conf .)Taylor, D.L. and Seliger,H.H. (eds.), Elsevier/North-HoI-land.- N.Y., vol. 1, p. 127, 197 9.
3726 YOSHIBA, S. [Venom of a stinging Asnail Bckkoimogai Chelyconusvulmen (Reeve, 1943)-especiallyan itsoxicities against variousanimals.] 3 pr. 3. med. Sci. Biol.32.,109, 1979.-
3727 YOUNG, J.Z. The nervous pathwaysfor poisoning, eating and learningin Octopus. 3. exp. Biol. 43, 581P1965.
3728 ZLOTKIN, E. Chemistry of animal"Avenoms. E~xperieritia 29, 1453,1973.
3729 ZWAHLEN, A., BLANC, M.H. ariROBERT, M. Epidamie d'intoxi-cation par les moules. Schweiz. -m~d. Wschr. 107, 226, 1977.
205
CHAPTER Vi ll
PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMERTEA, ANNELIDA,ARTHROPODS, AND BRYOZOA::
The phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms,, are characterized by flat .and bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented bodies, ciliated epidermis, anddefinite anterior and posterior ends. They have both circulatory andrespiratory systems. The carnivorous turbellarians, of which there areapproximately 2,000 species, are thought to be the only group of flatwormsthat are toxic.
The Nemertea, or ribbon worms, are a small group of slender,unsegmented worms distinguished from the Platyhelminthes by their roundedunsegmented body, which usually tapers somewhat toward one or both ends.They have a prominent, eversible proboscis, a circulatory system, and adigestive system with a mouth and anus. Most of the 800 living species aremarine. Envenomation takes place through the threadlike proboscis, whichis extended explosively during the capture of prey or on handling.
The Annelida, or bristle worms, blood worms and polychaete wormsare elongated, segmented, bilaterally symmetrical; segments resemble eachother essentially in both their external and internnI appearances. They havea nonchitinous cuticle, although most members iave chitinous setae, and acomplete digestive system, a closed circulatory system, and, in somespecies, a well-developed chitinous jaw. The toxicity of the marine annelidsis associated with their bristle-like setae or their biting jaws. Some speciescontain a poison within their bodies.
Arthropods make up the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, someone million species. The phylum includes the crabs, shrimps, barnacles andother ,crustaceans, spiders, scorpions, insects, ticks and their allies,centipedes, and millipedes. They have bodies that are segmented externallyin varying degrees and often show a divided head, thorax, and abdomen. Theappendages are joined, and their external surfaces are covered by an organicexoskeleton. Arthropods have a complete digestive tract with a terminalanus and a lacunar circulatory system; they respire by means of gills, airducts, and book lungs, or through the body surface. Most of the poisonousmarine arthropods are crabs found in the class Merostomata (Chelicerata),the horseshoe crabs.
The Bryozoa and Entoprocta are small, sessile, tufted or branchedcolonial animals bearing a hardened exoskeleton and a true coelom but nocirculatory, respiratory or excretory organs. They reproduce by budding.Of the 4,000 or so species only a few have been found to be toxic or have -
been implicated in medical problems involving humans.
.4=-
206
- -- - - - - -
3730 ALCALA, A.C. and HALSTEAD, lascidie Clona intestinalis. Ex-B.W. Human fatality to ingestion perientia _, 11, 1946.of the crab Demania sp. in thePhilippines. Clin. Toxicol. 3, 609, 3741 BAGNIS, R. A case of coconut crab1971. poisoning. Clin. Toxicol. 3, 585,
1971.3731 ANNANDALE, N. The habits of In- 0
dian king crabs. Rec. Indian Mus. 3742 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, P.S.,j 2949 1909. ELIAS, P.S. et al. Problems of
toxicants in marine food prod-3732 ANON. Plenary session: report of "B" ucts. 1. Marine biotoxins. Bull.
group. Proc. First Intern. Con- Wid. Hith. OrE&4, 69, 1970.vention Life Saving Techniques.Part 111, Sci. Sect., Bull. Post 3743 BALTZER, F. Ober die Giftigkeit derGrad. Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney, weiblichen Bonellia-Gewebe aufAustralia, p. 121, 1963. das Bonellia-M~nnchen und
andere Organismen und ihre Be-3733 ANON. Water, water everywhere. ziehung zur Bestimmung des
Emerg. Med. 5 108, 1973. Geschlechts der Bontllia-Larve.Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern 8, 1,3734 ARNDT, W. Ober die Gifte .der" 1924. -"::
Plattwilrner. Verhandl. Deut.zool. Ges. 30, 135, 1925. 3744 BALTZER, F. Ober die Giftwirkung ->,-
weiblicher Bonellia-Gewebe auf3735 .ARNDT, W. Polycladen und maricole das Bonellia-Minnchen und an-
Triciaden als Gifttrfger. Mim. dere Organismen und ihre Be-Estud. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coim-Wra ziehung zur Bestimmung des
1, 1943. Geschlechts der Bonellienlarve.Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern 8, 98,
3736 ARNDT, W. and MANTEUFEL, P. 1925.Die Turbellarien als TrAger vonGiften. Z. Morphol. Oekol. Tiere 3745 BALTZER, F. Ueber die Giftwirkung ". '3, 344, 125. der weiblichen Bonellia und ihre
Beziehung zur Geschlechts-3737 AUDEBERT, C. and LAMOUREX, P. bestimmung der Larve. Rev.
Eczema professionnel du marin Suisse Zool. Geneve 32, 87, 192.5.p~cheur par contact de bryozo-aires en Bale de Seine (premiers 3746 BANNER, A.H. and RANDALL, 2.E.cas fran(ais 1975-1977). Ann. Preliminary report on marite bi-?ierm. Venereol. (Paris) 105., 187, ology study of Onotoa Atoll, Gil-P•78. bert Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 13,
43, 1925. :" "3738 BACQ, Z.M. Les poisons des n~m- 1
ertiens. Bull. CI. Sci., Acad. R. 3747 BANNER, A.H. and STEPHENS, B.J.BeIg. 5, 22, 1072, 1936. A note on the toxicity of the
horseshoe crab in the Gi'.f of3739 BACQ, Z.M. L"'amphiporine" et la Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam,
"nrmertine" poisons des vers Soc. 21, 197,1966.-ndmertiens. Arch. intern. Phys-iol. 44, 190, 1937. 3748 BISWAS, N.N. Poisoning after taking
crabs. Indian med. Rec. 52, 162,374ti BACQ, Z.M. and FLORKIN, M. Sur la 1932.spkcificitL4 des principes extraitsde la region neuroglandulaire de 3749 BLUMENTHAL, K.M. and KEM, W.R.
Structure and action of Hetero- @nemertine polypeptide toxins
207
--------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- ------------ -- --
(primary structure of Cerebratu- 2nd Intern. Coral Reef Symp. Ilus lacteus toxin B-IV). 3. biol. 513, 1974.Chem. 251, 6025, 1976.
3759 CANTACUZENE, 3. Observations3750 BLUMENTHAL, K.M. and KEM, W.R. relatives I certaines proprijtes
Structure and action of Hetero- du sang de Carcinus moenas para- -nemertine polypeptide _f~xiis site par la sacculine. C.R. 5oc.r(diSfUVdbonds of Cerebratulus iol. 74, 109, 1913.lacteus toxin B-V). 3. 6o1.B• IFTh-252, 3328, 1977. 3760 CARLE, 3.5. En undersogelse af ind-
holdsstoffer i Bryozoa. Univ.3751 BLUMENTHAL, K.M. and KEM, Ciopenhagen, Dept. Gen. and Org. -
W.R. Structure-f unction rela- Chem. Copenhagen, 95p., 1977.tionships in Cerebratulus toxinB-IV. In, Natural Toxins. Eaker, 3761 CARL9, 5.5. Matin naturstofkemi,D. and Wadstri m, T(s.), Per- biologisk aktive forbinde'e.gamon: Oxford, p. 487, 1980. Thesis, Univ. Copenhagen, 1980.
3752 BONNEVIE, P. Etiologico-patho- 3762 CARL9, 3.5. and CHRISTOPe!r-'--genetical experiences of profes- SEN, C. Dogger bank itch. 2. Ansicnal skin diseases with a view allergic contact dermatitis. Bull.to their prophylaxis. Acta Soc. chimie Belg. 89, 1087, 1-,ýF8_. .Derm. Venereol. 20, 632, 193T.
3763 CARL9, 3.5. and CHRISTOPHER-3753 BONNEVIE, P. Fishermen's "Dogger SEN, C. Dogger bank itch. The
bank itch" an allergic conLact- allergen is (2-hydroxyethyl) di-eczema due to the coralline methylsulfoxonium ion. 3. Am.Alcyonidium hirsutum, the "sea chem. Soc. I02, 5107, 190.-chervil" Acta Allergol. 1, 40,1948. 3764 CHENG, M.T. and RINEHART, K.L.,
3R. Polyandrocarpidines: anti-3754 BRIGGS, M.H. The chemistry of microbial and cytotoxic agents
animal venoms. Sci. Prog. 48, from a marine tunicate (Polyan-456, 1960. drocarpa sp.) from the Gulf of
CaJifo nia. J. Am. chem. Soc. . -
3755 BURNETT, 3.W. and CARGO, D.b. 100, 74o09, 1978.Cutaneous irritation induced bycrab larvae. 3. Am. Acad. 3765 CHEVALLIER, A. and DUCHESNE,Derm. 1, 42, 1979. E.A. M4moire sur :es empoison-"
nements par les hlfftres, les "-".-7.3756 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Les moules, les crabes, et par certains
Animaux Venimeux et la Sro- poisons de mer et de riviere. Ann.therapie Antivenimeuse. Masson yg. pub. 46, 108, 1851. 1& Cie. Paris, 3%p., 1907.
3766 CLARK, W.G. and LIPTON, 3.M.3757 CALMETTE, A. Venoms. Venomous Complimentary lowering of the
Animals and Anti-wormous behavioral and physiological ther-Serum-Therapeutics. 3ohn Bale, moregulatory set points by tetro-Sons & Danielsson: London, dotoxin and saxitoxin in the cat..40 3p., 1908. 3. Physiol. 238, 181, 1974.
3758 CAMERON, A.M. Toxicity phenom- 3767 CLLLAND, 3.B. Injuries and diseasesena in coral reef waters. Proc. in Australia attributable to
208
S .........----------------------------------------------- ............. .... ...... . . . . .':
animas (other than insects). The Safety of Foods. 2nd edit.,Med. 3. Aust. (2), 137, 1932; wee Graham, H.D. (ed.), Avi Pubi.:also Rept. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith, Westport, Conn., p. 625, 1980.
" ~N.S.W., (2), 1516.S(2 91.3776 EHRHARDT, 3.P. and NIAUSSAT, P.3763 CLELAND, 3.B. and SOUTTHCOTT, De Peventuelle toxiciti due d4-
R.V. injuries to Man from Marine capode brxthyoure Carpilius con-Invetebrates in the Australian vexus Forskal. Etude d'exem-Re'' • moiweaitt of Au- plalres provenant de I'atoli de
SCanberra, 1963. Clipperton. Cah. Pacifique 14,105, 1970.
3769 COOPER, MJ. Clguatera and othermarine polsoning In the Gilbert 3777 EVANS, M.H. Saxitoxin and relatedIslands. Pac. Sci. 13, 411, 190. poisons: their actions on man and
other animals. in, Proceedinps of3770 COURVILLE, D.A., HALSTEAD, the First International Confer-
B.W. and HASSEL, D.W. Marine ence on Toxic Dinoflagellateblotoxiuts isolation and proper- Blooms. LoCicero, V.R. (ed.),ties. Chem. Rev. 33 235, 1953. Ma-'. .ci. Tech. Found.: Wake-
field, Mass., 1975.3771 DOIG, M.T., Inl, MARTIN, D.P. and
PADILLA, G.M. Marine bioactive 3778 FAUST, E.S. Die Tierischen Gifte.agents: chemical and cellular cor- Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn: Braun-relates. In, Marine Pharmaof schweig, p. 24.-, 1906.nosy. Action of Marine Biotoxinsat the CCihdar Level. Narti, 3779 FAUVEL, P., AVEL, M., HARANT,D.F. and "adilla, G.M. (eds.), H., GRASSq, P. and DAWYDOFF,Academia N.Y., p. I, 1973. C. Embranchement des anne-
lides. In, Trait de Zoolo ie.
3772 DOMONKOS, A.N. Andrew's Dis- Grass4, P. (ed.), Masson & Cie:eases of the Skin, Clinical - Paris, vol. 1, part 1, 1959.,toloit. W.8. Saunderst Phil&-delphia, p. 93, 1971. 3780 FISHER, A.A. Atlas of Aquatic
Dermatology. Grxn-e & Stratton:3773 D(UOS, M., SUSPIERREGUI, A., N.Y., l12p., 1973.
DROUET, 3. and NIAUSSAT, P.-M. ftude exp~rlmentale du pou- 3781 FISHER, A.A. and ORRIS, W.L.voir -ensibilisant d'Alcyonidium Aquatic contact dermatitis.teaatinosium (L) (Bryozoaire mar- Cutis 12, 637, 1973.In). 1. Reactions d'hypersensibilit-cutanre. Arch. Maladies profess. 3782 FISHER, W.K. The sipunculid worms!I, 9, 198(. of California and Baja California.
U.S. natn. Mus. 102, 371, 1952."3774 DUBOS, M., NGIMYEN, T.L., LAM-
OUREUX, P. et al. Al o.idinium 3733 FOXALL, T.L., SHOPTAUGH, N.H.,ittlatinosum "..T (ryozire) et IKAWA, M. and SASNER, J.J.,
c ,' ions cutani•es d'hypersensi- JR. Secondary intoxication withbilltt, refti.ats pr~liminaires PSP in Cancer irroraTUS. In, Toxicd'une 4tude exprhimentale. Bull. Dinoflapellate B1,ms."Soc. Pah. exot. 70, 32, 1977.- 2d Intern. Cnf., Taylor, D.L.
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fed.,F.A. Davis- Philadelphia, .zymUS pictr toxin. Toxicon ,Vol. 12, p. 165, 1975. 603,11974.
3923 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Marine enven- 3932 TRISHNANANDA, M., TUCHINDA,omation and intoxication in man. C., YIPINSEI, T. and OONSOM-In, Neurotoxins. Fundamental and BAT, P. Poisoning following theClinical Advances. Chubb, I.W. ingestion of the horseshoe craband Gef fen, L.D. (eds.), Adelaide (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda):Univ. Union Press: Adelaide, report of four cases in Thailand.Aust., p. 75, 1978. 3. trop. Med. Hyg. 69, 194, 1966.
3924 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Marine toxins. 3933 TSUTSUMI, 3. and HASHIMOTO, Y.In, Handbook of Clinical Neur- Isolation of pyopheophorbide a asology. Vinken, P.3. and Bruyn, a photodynamic pigment from-theG.W. (eds.), Elsevier/North-Hol- liver of abalone, Haliotis discusland: Amsterdam, vol. 37, part 2, hannai. Agric. biTo7FiCim.-72T"p. 27, 1979. 467, 1964.
217
3934 TURK, 3.L., PARKER, D. and RUD- 3944 YALDWYN, 3. Blistering from 0N.ER, E.3. Preliminary results on bristleworm. Aust. nat. Hist. 15,the purification of the chemical 86, 1965.
"nsitizing agent In Alcyonidiumelatino3um. Proc. Roy. Soc. 3945 YASUMOTO, T. ant; ENDO, M. Toxi-
.• 5_.9,9 1122, 1966. city study on a marine snail,.Turbo aryrostoma-1. Presence •
3933 TWPEDIE, M.W. Poisonous Animals of two sulfur-containing aminesbf Malaya. Malaya Publ. House: in the acetone soluble fraction.Singapore, 90 p., 1941. Bull. 3pn. Soc. scent. Fish. 40,
841, 1973.3936 U:EDA, T. Influence of animal
tovwns on the ciliary movement 3946 YONABARU, S. Investigation on the .(tissue culture experiment of cili- coconut crab poisonings. Lab.a-ted epithelium). Acta Derm. Mar. Biochem., Fac. Agric., Univ.
t 11., 101, 1923. Tokyo, Rept. (16), 1974.
3937 U ATOKOS ETOGUCHI, Y., OBO, 3947 ZLOTKIN, E. Chemistry of animalF. and HASHIMURA, S. Purifi- venoms. Experientia 29, 1453, .:9
Sr adon and chemical properties of 1973.,ne toxin of crab. Acta Med.
: Univ. Kaio'Ahima 11 35, 1969.
39?3 VA 1GGAARD, L. and NIELSEN, S.Arbejdsmilijoet: dansk fiskeri.U eskr. lae . 139, 413, 1977.
3939 VAN THOAI, N. and ROCHE, 3.L Phosphagems of marine anmals.Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90, 923,1960.°
3940 VAUGHAN, V.C. Food poisoning. .ci. Month. 71 (3),155, 1950.
3941 W TERMAN, T.H. Xiphosura fromXung-ha. Am. Sci. 41,'292, 1953.
3942 WHITLEY, G.P. Dangerou Austral-ian fishes. Proc. First Intern.Convention Life Saving Tech-Sniques, Part III, Sci. Sect., Bull.Post Grad. Comm. Med., Univ. 0Sydney, p. 131, 1963.
3943 WI .HELMI, 3. Fauna und flora desI Golf es von Neapel und der ang-.".renzenden meeresabschnitte.Herausgegeben von der Z0oloiS-chen station 7u Neapel. Mono-graphie 32, Tricladhn. R. Fried-lander & Sohn: Berlin, 405p.,1909.
218
CHAPTER IX V
POISONOUS FISHES
This chapter presents the citations relating to the poisonousness offishes. Poisonous fish have been defined as those whose tissues, either in
.. part or in their entirety, are toxic, and which do not possess a specificmechanism, such as a spine or tooth, for delivering their toxin.
Insofar as is known, most ichthyotoxic fishes produce their toxins asby-products or products of metabolism, not necessarily associated witheither their offensive or defensive statures. The poisonous fishes have beenfurther divided into ichthyosarcotoxic, ichthyootoxic, ichthyohemotoxic, and -crinotoxic. Ichthyosarcotoxism is generally identified by the kind of fishinvolved: elasmobranch, chimaeroid, clupeoid, ciguatera, tetraodon,scombraid, or hallucinatory fish poisoning. Those fishes which elaborate atoxin through their skin, as a defensive mechanism, have been calledcrinotoxic. Citations to the venomous fishes, as defined in Chapter X, arefound in that chapter. A-
219
0-- ---- -
-- , - ~
3943 ABE, T. Taxonomic studies on the 3955 ADAMS, H.3., BLAIR, M.R., JR. and 0puffers (Tetraodontidae, Tele- TAKMAN, B.H. Local anestheticostei) from Japan and adjacent activity and acute. toxicity ofregions. V. Synopsis of the ptuf- tetrodotoxin and tetrodotoxin-fers from Japan and adjacent local anesthetic combinations.regions. Bull. biogeogr. Soc. Jpn. Fed. Proc. 33, 509, 1974..14, 99, 194T.0 J
3956 ADAMS, H.J., BLAIR, M.R., JR. and . ,,3949 ABE, U. and KATNUMA, M. EFood TAKMAN, B.H. The local anes-
poisoning-like disease caused by thetic activity of tetrodotoxin ..
the liver of Stereolepis ishinagi.] alone and in combination withS3. Jpn. vet. med. Assoc. 10, 125, vasoconstictors and local anes-
,1957; see also Food Sanit. Res. 7, thetics. Anesth. Analg. 55, 568 919, 1957. 1976.
3950 ABITA, 3.-P., CHICHEPORTICHE, 3957 AGNEW, W.S., LEVINSON, S.R.,
R., SCHEWEITZ, H. and LAZ- BRABSON, 3.S. and RAFTERY,DUNSKI, M. Effects of neur- M.A. Purification of tetrodotoxinotoxins (veratridine, sea anemone binding component associated .toxin, tetrodotoxin) on trans- with the voltage sensitive sodiummitter accumulation and release channel from Electrophorusby nerve terminals in vitro. electricus electroplax mem-Biochemistry 16, 1838, 1977. branes. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. 75,
2606, 1978.3951 ABITA, 3.-P., CHICHEPORTICHE,
R., FOSSET, M., ROMEY, G. and 3958 AGNEW, W.S., MOORE, A.C., LEV-LAZDUNSKI, M. Effects of vera- INSON, S.R., and RAFTERYtridine, scorpion toxin and tetro- M.A. Identification of a largedotoxin on the uptake and release molecular weight peptide associ-of tritiated gamma amino butyric ated with a tetrodotoxin binding -
acid from rat brain synaptosomes. protein from the electroplax ofIn, Proceedings of the 6th inter- Electrophorus electricus. Bio-national Congress of Pharma- chem. Biophys. res. Commun. 92,Colg. Pergamon: Oxford, 860, 1980.632p.,1977.
3959 AIDA, K., HIBIYA, T., OSHIMA, Y.,3952 ACEVES, 3. and ERLIJ, D. Effects of HASHIMOTO, Y. and RANDALL,
norepinephrine on tissues of the 3.E. Structure of the skin of thefrog heart atrium poisoned by soapfish Pogonoperca punctata.tetrodotoxin. Nature 215, 1178, Bull. Jpn. Soc. scient. Fis39,1967. 1351, 1973.
3953 ADACHI, R. and FUKUYO, Y. The 3960 AKASHI, T. I Experiences with fuguthecal structure of a marine toxic poisoning.3 iji Shibum 27, 19,dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus 1880.toxicus gen. et sp. nov. collectedin a ciguatera endemic area. Bull. 3961 ALBUQUERQUE, E.X., BROOKES,Jpn. Soc. scient. Fish. 45, 67, N., ONUR, R. and WARNICK,1979. J.E. Kinetics of interaction of
batrachotoxin and tetrodotoxin3954 ADAM, H. Die Haut der Kopflosen, on rat diaphragm muscle. Mol.
Rundmauler, Fische und Lurche. Pharmacol. 12, 82, 1976.Studium gen. 17, 323, 1964.
220
3962 ALEXANDER. Ueber Fischver- 3971 ANON. Coroner's inquest on three 7giftung mit Vorstellung von Kran- victims of toadfish poisoning.ken. 3ahresb. Schles. Ges. Colonial Times, Hobart, MarchVaterl. Kult. U 42, 187. 29, April 5, 1831.
3963 ALLEN, G.R. and STARCK, W.A., II. 3972 ANON. Toadfish poisoning at NewNotes on the ecology, zoogeo- Town, Tasmania. Sydney Herald I Sgraphy and coloration of the (1), 1831.gobiesocid cdingfishes, Lepa-dichthys caritus (Briggs) a-n 3973 ANON. Siguatera, or fish poisonDlimich-Fy•_lineatus (Sau- disease. Br. Foreign Med.-Chir.vage). Proc.-Linn. Soc. N.S.W. Rev. 30, 535, 1862.98, 95, 1973. .
3974 ANON. Die giftigen Fische. Aus.3964 ALMERS, W. and LEVINSON, S.R. der Natur, Leipzig 19 (new ser.)-.-
*Tetrodotoxin binding to nmo.mal (6), 85, (7), 100, 1862.and depolarized frog nnuscle andthe conductance of a single 3975 ANON. Editorial (on Tetraodonsodium csannel. 3. Physiol. 247, hamiltoni). New S. Wales med.483, 1975. Gaz. 1, 306, 1871.
3965 AL-NAGDY, S.A., ABDEL-HAMID, 3976 ANON. Poisonous fish. SydneyM.E. and MANSOUR, M.A. Some Morning Herald, 3uly 7, 1874.disturbances in carbohydrate andfat metabolism induced by fish 3977 ANON. Poisonous fish. Lancet (2),tetrodotoxication in rats. Zool. 939, 1876.soc. Egypt Bull. (28), 93, 1978.
3978 ANON. Poisonous fishes. 3.A.M.A.3966 AMARAL, A. DO. Poisoning by fish I, 621, 1883.
and other animals. In, ClinicalTropical Medicine. GradwoW, 3979 ANON. IPoisoning by fish in Russia.]
T.BJ-I. (ed.), C.V. Mosby: St. 3. St. Petersburg, 3uly 4, 1893.Louis, p. 1265, 1951.
3980 ANON. Poisonous fish. Med. Rec.,3967 ANDERSON, W. An account of some N.Y. 49, 876, 1896.
poisonous fish in the South Seas.Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 66, 3981 ANON. The "Palu" or "oil fish" of544, 1776. Funafuti. Nature 60, 536, 1899.
3968 ANDREWS, O.W. Hand-book of Pub- 3982 ANON. Poisonous fish. Fish. Gaz.lic Health Laboratory Work and London 96, 164, 1928.Food Inspection. Balliere, Tin-dall, Cox: London, p. 45, 1901. 3983 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on S
Trinidad. U.S. War Dept., 7p.,3969 ANGUITA I STOWEN, V. La sigua- 1941.
tera. Unidn Mdd. Sant. de Chile 4,345, 1897. 3984 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
Kwangchowan. U.S. War Dept., p.3970 ANON. Coroner's inquest on man 1, 1943.
poisoned by toadfish at Parra-matta. Sydney Gaz., April 21, 3985 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on1821. the New Hebrides. U.S. War
Dept., p. 5, 1943.
221
- - - --- -.-.-.- ,
3986 ANON. Epidemiology of diseases of 3998 ANON. Poironous fish of the South.. military importance in the Pacific. 3.A.M.A. 124, 330, 1944.. Netherlands Indies. U.S. Nay.
med. Bull. 133, 142, 194-5. 3999 ANON. Survival on land and sea.Off. Nay. Intell., U.5. Navy, 48-
3987 ANON. Foisonous and dangerous 52, 1944.fishes of the tropical Pacific.Arctic, Desert, Tropic Info. Ctr., 4000 ANON. Medical and stnitary data onElgin Field, Flcrida, Info. Bull. A, Pratas Island. U.S. War Dept., TB11, 1, 1943. Med. (146), 2, 1445.
3988 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on 4001 ANON. Medical and bnitary data onSamoa. U.S. War Dept., p. 9, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands,'1943. Ocean Island, and Nauru. U.S.
War Dept.,TB Med. (189), 8, 1945.3989 ANON. Poisonous and harmful
fishes. Bull. Counc. Scient. 4002 ANON. Poisoning by snakes, plantsIndust. Res., Commonw. Austra- and fish. U.S.A.A.F. Tact. Ctr.lia, Melbourne, (59), 1943; see Med. Ser. 1, 1, 1945. ,also 3.A.M.A. 124, 330, 1944.
4003 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on3990 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on Italy. U.S. War Dept., TB Med.
the Phoenix Island. U.S. War (178), 15, 1945.Dept., p. 3, 1943. 4004 ANON. Eel's blood is poisonous. Ciba ;-
3991 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on Symposia 9, 759, 1947.the Mariana Islands. U.S. WarDept., TB Med. (20), 4, 1944. 4005 ANON. IRegulations for handling
fugu as approved by the Tokyo-to3992 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on legislature.] Tokyo-to Regulation -
the Palau Islands. U.S. War Dept., (43), 1949.TB Med. (41), 4, 1944.
4006 ANON. I Examination questions for .. 7..3993 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on fugu cooks in Tokyo-to.] Tokyo-
the Caroline Islands. U.S. War to Food Products Assoc., Exam.Dept., TB Med. 050), 4, 1944. (1), 12 p., 1949.
3994 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on 4007 ANON. t Detailed rules for carryingGuam. U.S. War Dept., TB Med. out the regulations for handling(57), 4, 1944. fugu.1 Tokyo-to Regulation (95),
May 31, 1949.3995 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on ..
the Philippine Islands. U.S. War 4008 ANON. Two deaths, eight poisonedDept., TB Med. (68), 25, 58, 1944. from eating a toado. W. Austra-
lian, Perth, Aug. 11, 1950.3996 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
the Marshall Islands. U.S. War 4009 ANON. Boy and cat die from eatingDept., TB Med. (111), 4, 1944. toado. Daily Telegraph, Sydney,
Dec. 9, 11, 12, 1950.3997 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
Hainan. U.S. War Dept., 7B Med. 4010 ANON. Take care, they're poisonous.(118), 6, 1944. The Sun, Sydney, Mar. 6, 1951.
222
#011 ANON. Woman dies, family ill, after 4026 ANON. Amiberjack toxemia. 14.0.eating toad fish. S1dney Morning8, l59, 1974.Herald, Mar. 6, 195i.
AOt i y4027 ANON.[In 1973 there were 102 cases4#012 ANON. Seventeen poisoned by fish of tetrodotoxin poisonings re-
"dish. Manila Daily Bulletin, Feb. ported of which 27 died.) Shincho1, 195r. Weekly, Oct., p. 141, 1974.
4013 ANON. [Fish and hyglene.3 Pub. 4023 ANON. Ciguatera poisoning. Morb.Hlth. Serv4 Tokyo, 71p., 1952. Mort. Week. Rept. 24, 445, T973
#014 ANON. tTextbook for Fugu Cooks4. 4029 ANREP, V.K. lPoisoning by fish andPub. Hyg. Div., Hyg. Sect.4 poisonous fishj] Vrach 213. 1885.Tokyo, p. 30, 90, 1953.
#030 ANREP, V.K. t Fish Poison.] B.V.4015 ANON. Five Fijians poisoned by fish. Chavkin Charkoff, 20p., 1885.
Padif . Isl. Month. 26, 142, 19%.4031 ANREP, V.K. Sur le poisson toxique
4016 ANON. Fugut the poisonous pleasure. et 1K poison du poisson. Arch., The Sciences _, 11, 1964. Med. nov. 45, 235, 1886.
#017 ANON. Poisonous fishes of the Trust #032 ANREP, V.K. [Poisoning by fish andTerritory of the Pacific Islands. fish poison.] Sborn rabot. proiz-Saipan, Off. High Commiss., 65p., ved. V. lab., Char off17,.1 %61. ....
4033 AOMURA, T., YEN, T3. and OIKA-4 #018 ANON. Tetrodomxin has hemilactal WA, K. Einfiuss des Tetrodo-
structure. Chem. eng. News 42 toxins auf die Epinephrinabgabe#2, 1%4. beim Hunde. Tohoku 3. exp. Med.S~15, 36, 1930.
#019 ANGi. Poison fish project3 reports.
S. Pac. Bull., p. 51, Apr., 196. 4034 ARAKAWA, H. CStudies on globefish"poison-I 3. chem. Soc. 3pn. 77,
4020 AN)N. Aislan el Yeneno de la cigua- 12-95, 19 5r.tera. Mar. Pesca 3 21, 196.
4035 ARCHER, S.G. and CHARLES, W.P.#021 ANON. Don't eat porcupine fish-you Large doses of atropine.
may get Ichthysarcotoxlsn. Star, J.A.M.A. 158, 1181, 1955.Johannesburg, June 10, 1966.t
4036 ARCISZ, W. Cig-atera Tropical Fish#022 ANON. Protopan is antidote for cig- Poisoning. Spec. Sci. Rept., L.I
uatera poison. M.D. med. News- Fish Wl . Serv., Fish. (27), 23p.,10, 117, 1966. 1950.
4023 ANON. Puffer-fish poisoning. Br. 4037 ARNOLD, S.H. and BROWN, W.D.med. 3. (3), 174, 1968. Histamine toxicity from fish pro-
ducts. Adv. food Res. 24, 113,"4024 ANON. When fish are foul. Emerg. 1978.
LM Med. 3, 88, 197 1.4038 ARRAS, D. Essai sur lei accidents
40.25 ANON. Water, water everywhere. causgs par les poissons. Thesis,Emerg. Med. 5, 108, 1973. Paris, 1877.
4. 2234
4039 ARUSTANOFF, M. Ueber die Natur Anm. Derm. Venerol., Paris 105,des Fischgif tes. Centralbl. 187, 1973.Bakteriol. Parasitenk., 3ena 10113, 1391, 4049 AUTENRIETH, H.F. Ueber das Gift
der Fische. C.F. Osiander: Tub-4040 ARUSTANOFF, M. [On the nature of inken, 1833.
fish poon.) Vrach N, 1055,1893. *030 AZHGIKHIN, l.S., GANDEL, V.G.,
MEKHTIKHANOV, S.D, SEREB-4041 ASANO, M. EToxic lipids in the roe of RIANNIKOV, N.V. a'd AKSEN-
blerny, Stlchaeus grixorjewi OVA, N.A. Obtaining tetro-Herzenstein. TJ ohoku 3. arL-ic. dotoxin and holothurin fromB-Re. -5. 113, %4. Soviet raw materials. Farmatsiia
.4, 5 27, 1979.
.02 ASANO, M. Ciguatera* tropical andsubtropical marine fish poison- 4051 BACKHOUSE, 3. A' Narrative of aIngs. Bull. 3.pn. Soc. scient. Fish. Visit to the Australian Colonies.31 fS3, 96 3. Hamilton Adams: London, p. 186,
1343.40*3 ASANO, M. [Advances In the re-
search of toxins from aquatic 4032 BAER, M., BEST, P.M. and REUTER,animnals.] Kmak~lu no R•okid 25 H. Voltage-dependent action of214ý 1971. zotetrodotoxin In mammaiian car-
diac muscle. Nature 263, 344,#04 ASANO, M.and ITOH, M.(Toxidtyof 1976.
a Upoprotein and lipids from theroe of a blenny, Diojlus 4053 BAGNIS, R. Rapport sur la missionErivrjewi Herzerutein. Tonoky 6d1tude de lichtyotoxisme 1.,3... aari .Re.. 1, 1,, 1962. Hawaii. Papeete, Serv. de Sant'J. aPoly. Fr., 37p1, 196.
*0*5 ASANO, MA. and ITOH, MA. tLipopro- Pl.F. 7. 93
,: teins (ilpostichaeruns) In the roe 4034 BAGNIS, R. Quelque considirationsof bienny, Stichaeus grliorjewi sur li aspects cliniques de
4 Herzenstein.I-T'!ohoku . agric. Pichtyotoxtsme en PolynrsieRes. 16t 29, 1966. franqalse: I prop>o de 350 obser-
vations. Mid. trop. 27, 555, 1967;*044 ASANO, M., TAKAYANAGI, F. and see also "apeete, Inst. Recher.
FURUHARA, Y. Studies on fish MdI. Poly. Fr., Rapp. Tech. (2),and shellfish toxins. rl. Callistin 1966.poisoning in the vicinity of MPori-machl, Hokkaido. 3. Hokkaido *03, BAGNIS, R. Note concernantFish. Scl. Inst. 7j 26, 1950. i'emploi des oximes dans le traite-
merit de la ciguatera. Papeete,40*7 ATWELL, R.B. and STUTCHBURY, Inst. Recher. MWd. Poly Fr.,
G.8. Toadfish poisoning (tetrodo- Rapp. T1ech. (2), 1966.toxin) in the cat. Aust. Vet. 3. 54,303, 1978. 4056 BAGNIS, R. La ciguatera en Poly-
nksie fran~aise en 1966. Papeete,*043 AUDEBERT, C. and LAMOUREAUX, Inst. Recher. M4ýd. Poly. Fr.,
P. Eczema professionnel du Rapp. Tech. (3), 1966.marin pa•cheur par contact de bry-ozoaires en bait de Seine (prem- 4057 BAGNIS, R. Contribution 1 l'6tude deiers cas francais 1975-1977). lNchtyotoxisme en Polynesie
224d.i
4039 ARUSTANOFF, M. Ueber die Natur Ann. Derm. Venerol., Paris 105,des Fischgiftes. Centralbi. 187, 1978.Ba-kteriol. Parasitenk.. Jena 10,113, 191. 4049 AUTENRIETH, H.F. Ueber das Gift
der Fische. C.F. Osiander: Tub-4040 AL.STANOFF, M. [On the nature of ingen, 1833.
fish poison.) Vrach 36, 1055,1398. 4050 AZHGIKHIN, I.S., GANDEL, V.G.,
MEKHTIIKHANOV, S.D., SERERI-4041 ASANO, M. EToxic lipids in the roe of ANNIKOV, N.V. and AKSENOVA,
blenny, Stichaeus grigorjewi N.A. Obtaining tetrodotoxin andHerzenstein. T Tohoku 3. agric. holothurin from Soviet rawRes. 15, 113, 1964. materials. Farmatsiia 4, 27,
1979.#042 ASANO, M. Ciguatera: tropical and
subtropical marine fish poison- 4031 BACKHOUSE, 3. A Narrative of aings. Bull. 3pn. Soc. scient. Fish. Visit to the Australian Colonies.31, 358, 1965. Hamilton Adams: London, p. 186,
1843.4043 ASANO, M. tAdvances in the re-
search of toxins from aquatic 4052 BAER, M., BEST, P.•M. and REUTER,animals.] Kagaku no Ryoiki 25, H. Voltage-dependent action of214, 1971. tetrodotoxin in mammalian car-
diac muscle. Nature 263, 344,4044 ASANO, M. and ITOH, M.tToxicityof 1976.
a lipoprotein and lipids from theroe of a blenny, Dinogunellus 4033 BAGNIS, R. Rapport sur Ia missiongrigorjewi Herzenstein.) Tohoku d'4tude de I'ichtyotoxisme I3. agric. Res. 13, 151, 196.- Hawaii. Papeete, Serv. de Sante'
Poly. Fr., 3 7p., 1965.4043 ASANO, M. and ITOH, M. [Lipopro-
teins (Iipostichaerins) in the roe 4034 BAGNIS, R. Quelque considerationsof blenny, Stichaeus rigoriew sur les aspects cliniques deHe zenstein.Pu T-agric* Iichtyotoxisme en Polyn~sieRes. 16, 299, 196. franjaise: & propos de 350 obser-
vaticns. M~d. tro2. 27, 555, 1967;4046 ASANO, M., TAKAYANAGI, F. and see also Papeete, Inst. Recher.
FURUHARA, Y. Studies on fish MWd. Poly. Fr., Rapp. Tech. (2),and shellfish toxins. II. Callistin 1966.poisoning in the vicinity of Mori-machi, Hokkaido. 3. Hokkaido 405, BAGNIS, R. Note concernantFish. Sci. Inst. 7, 26, 1950. iPemploi des oximes dans le traite-
ment de la ciguatera. Papeete,4047 ATWELL, R.B. and STUTCHBURY, Inst. Recher. Med. Poly Fr.,
G.B. Tcadfish poisoning (tetrodo- Rapp. Tech. (2), 1966.toxin) in the cat. Aust. Vet. 3. 54,308, 1978. 4056 BAGNIS, R. La ciguatera en Poly-
nwsie fran<aise en 1966. Papeete,4043 AUDEBERT. C. and LAMOUREAUX, Inst. Recher. MWd. Poly. Fr.,
P. Eczmrna professionnel du Rapp. Tech. (3), i966.matin p•<heur par contact de bry-ozoaires en baie de Seine (prem- 4057 BAGNIS, R. Contribution I 1'6tude delets cas fran5ais 1975-1977). i'ichtyotoxisme en Polyndsie
223
407 'BAGNIS, R. Donnoes recentes con- ciguatera. Bull. Sepanrit (8), 2,cernant la bioginrse de la cigua- 1975.tera dans le Pacifique. CaraibesM6d. 2.,27, 1979. 4088 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and
YASUMOTO, T. Signification des4079 BAGNIS, R. Ciguatera fish poisoning diverses toxines pr6entes sur les
In New Caledonia clinical and substrats coralliens morts dans leepidemiological aspects. Rev. diterminisme ciguatirique. Bull.Epidemiol. Sante publique 27, 7-; Soc. Path. exot. 70, 320, 1977.19 79. ' '-
4089 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. and4010 BAGNIS, R. and DENIZOT, M. La YASUMOTO, T. Mise en evidence
ciguatera aux lies Mariqueses: d'un Dinoflagelli responsable enaspects hurnairs et biomarines. pussance de la ciguatera. Rev.Cah. Pacif. 21, 293, 1978; see also intern. Ocenogr. nerd. L5,"2,SBull Wld Hith. Org. (1), 67, 1973. 7977.
4081 BAGNIS, R.and FEVAI, G. Lacigua- 4090 BAGNIS, R., CHANTEAU, S. andtere f~line exp*imentale & YASUMOTO, T. D6couverte d'unTahiti. Rev. Mid. viter. 122,629, agent itiologique vraisemblable1971. de la ciguatera. C.R. Acad. Sci.
Ser.OD 28.=5, 105, 1977.#082 BAGNIS, R. and FEVAI, G. etude
comparative preliminaire de la 4091. BAGNIS, R., KUBERSKI, T. andtoxiciti de divers poissons cigua- LAUGIER, S. Clinical observa-t~rig~nes k l'itat brut et des tions on 3,009 cases of ciguateraextraits liposolubles correspon- (fish poisoning) in the South Paci-dants. Rev. intern. Ocianogr. fic. Am. 3. trop. Med..Hyg. 28,
md. 28, (18-19), 59, 1970. 1067, 1979.
4083 BAGNIS, R. and KAEUFFER, H. 4092 BAGNIS, R., LOUSSAN, E. and THE-Perspectives immunologiques en VENIN, S. Les intoxications parmatiL&re de ciguatera. MWd. trop. poissons perroquets aux lies34, 2?5, 1974. Gambler. MWd. trop. 3•4, 523,
1974.4094 BAGNIS, R. and LETOURNEUX, M.
Une ciguatoxine commune h 4093 BAGNIS, R., ROUANET, M. anddivers poissons des milieux coral- RENAMBOT, 3. A propos de troixliens. BuW1. Soc. Pathol. exot. 67, cas de ciguatera (dont un mortel)209, 1074. dans les flea Tuamotu. Med. trop.
30, 489, 1970.4085• BAGNIS, R. and VERNOUX, 3.P.
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-9--F- - - - - - - --6
''X
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• MOl SeTLWFF, 3.A., RAYNER, M.D. and 3309 SHIMMA, Y. and TAGUCHI, H. AHONG, S.K. effects of cigua- symptomatic observation of the.tox, on Na transport aross the intoxication caused by liver ofi
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291
IM3 9WPV ORTH9 &.L A coo of poison- Captain B~hki. 3A.M.A. 228,k% by *atlnj Wu of a toadfish. 1270, 1974.,Aust. n" Go. 6F 266, I8367.MDitoko-
,~ ~534S STVNCO MEIDeR,M Araeroi~o5340 PZNGEU~tA. Nr'deguive 11chonSchriftta der Arbrbis
V~rsm dsmeswlae eniwsAch Path. Anat., Physiol.AaW Arjfl vizai. rme*s A. 340, 467, 117 1.
3349 ST!1PHCNSON, 3. Medical Zoolog5341 STAIMAN, A.L &Wd SMAN, P. an inrlgy. John ill:
Difeeegn situs of membrane ýqp12113kctIm for teotrdtotin anW lipid.P.1 11souble anestetics. Can. 3. 5330 ST!YENS, K.N. New LI t an the
33 311 icvr ofAustrai (Journa of
5342 STAIMANt- A. and SIMMAN, P." "wsat~b~dn ancentr- 5331 ST!Y2NSON. R.L. The cruise of the
tici of an esthetics increase with 3anet Nkchol. N.Y., p. 90, 19m4IWI axon dlirniten studies with
*alocohol, 11docslne and tetrodo- 3352 STOLL, A. I Mittefunag 6bet siebentoxin an single myellneted fibers. PFile von Pischvergiftung in der
3.Pare0 W 340, m~edininctien Polikllnik ZUrich.1977. Kpj.;M 51.s!3!eia Arz. 2N' 137,
51"3 STEADO D.G.Fse ofAustralia Ader zv""a 195353 STRACK, C., SCHVANEBERG, H.
t %ud Y the I~t Witi13and WANNSCHAFF, G. fiber dieOur olo W.BrokstSydeyobuselleI Bestandteli. &'us weam274.$ imAvgen Z. L tysiol. Chem. 247P
5,1937.3304 STEINANOPOULOt GJ. Siv let prp
rwt At-ds -ni~e does IctthytoltoM 53A STRONGO, P.N. and KEANA, 3.F.W.Ins fotmol~ Cj o.5,1 Modification of tetrodotoxin with
$ ~ 17, 1931. succinic anhydride. Bloorit.
3343 STtU4SACH, e. berictit Ober die Ce.15 96GeoumdheitsverhAutnlue der 5355 STRONG, P.N., S&MIT, 3.T. and
~1der MwoslI4naeen KCANA, 3.P'.W. A convenient$9-9 ud leelonwrug bloomy for detecting nwnornolar
Cober Fisci ft. Mitt. Forschtzig, icocntrationts of tetrodotoxin.GuewDeutsch. dmgM6 1 Toxicon I I I *33, 197 3.
5356 STRONG, R.P. Poisonous arttto-534 STeINOOR??, C. txperimentello pods, fish and coelenterates. In,
Untersudciasgen Vaber the Wirkutag Stitt`2 DiagjMi!, Prevention, &nddes Aaiserurs ad dos mnc-Treatmenit of Tropical, Diseases.liche und twierche Auge. Graef es Biakistons Phil~adelphia, voi. 11,Arh ptml j I 3IT~T-7 p. 1533, 1544, 1"44.
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293
If,•;"
5,,m TAAA SHtt In, 0. and I?01O, Y. 5339 TAM, t. Etoison of Sphaeroides1OAcaliratiom of polwiin the ocellatus (Osbeckan) plw
Wd ag Titodm oid-kwschr sops ge;;rcan
t B Fak. 6nZ. Tokyo 1,31
53390 TAN19,1. CA tuyofth oct of$31TAKATA, U., MOORE, 3.W., KA0OpnseuU e
C.Y. aidFUHRMAN, P.A. Blodck- Tko'fte of 'sodium conductanceloom... In lobiste giant axon by 3391 TAM11, 1. [Toxicological studies ontaichtiatxin (tetrodotoxin). 3. Japanese puff ers.1 Teikoku Tosho
W% ft*W. 9". Kbsiki Kaisha 2 1, 1945.
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,23 , 19* tn-induced automaticity on in.4 vitro, cat myocardial prepara-
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Zas~, *26 9 sodium and tetrodotoxin. I.
533" TANAKA# s. L The poiasono fish.)D'uto4 Zah,2 5 164 1914.
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* oPooI. des Gif tapparates signales, comme 6tant L I 'originebei don ja =A! en Is n Fischen, des Intoxications en Pot yn~sie.iwbst BemerkunWen bfler dessen Papeete, Inst. Recher. Med. Poly.Glttigkeit. 1. Ober des Vorkom- Fr., Rapp. tech. (3), 1964.men des Giftapparates bei denjapanschen Knochenfischen. 53% TARBY, T.3., COSTIN, A. and ADEY,Yokohama med. Bdil. !, 120, W.R. Effects of tetrodotoxin on
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29*
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Native use of fish in Hawaii. 3.
295
-. ',
"., • Soc.. (Mert. 29), •, 30, $3 •TSCWYA, Y. and NOMURA, T.at191;seeiaimNativeU. of Fish Formation du verdoha emno-
Avery Pressm New choe par les poissons-.li.Ptymouth, New Zealandt 162p., Repa•tition du degrd de forma-1952. tion dam divers tissus animaux et
donu les, cellules hepatiques chez_ $20 TOMIIE, Y., FIJRUSAKI, A.., Coltabis saira. Bull. Jw. Soc.
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$30 TSUOA K. [Puffer toxin, tetrodo-.421 TONGE, 3.1, BATTEY, Y. and toanJ Ka .aku , 630, 1964.' FORBES, 3.. Clguatera poison-
I-lng. Mod. 3. Aust. 2, 108, 1967. 531 TSUOA K. EPuffer toxin, tetrodo-F. Rtmi.] Kaaku to Seibutsu 42,
$22 TONGeg 34., BATTL'Y, Y., FORBES, 96.3.3. and GRANT, E.M. CIguaterapolsardnp a report of two out- 5432 MAUDA• K. [Structure of puffer toxinjbreaks and a probable fatal case Kawmk2 no Ryoiki (Suppl.) 8 9,in Queensland. Med. 3. Atst. 2.S 1083, 1967. , -.'
$33 TSUDA, K. and KAWAMURA, M.3423 TONIMI, M. LECCHINI, S., FRIGO, The constituents of the ovaries of
G. and CREMA, A. Action of globefish. I. The isolation oftotrodoto•in on spontaneous elec-' mese-inositol and scilltol fromtrical activity of some smooth the ovaries. 3. pharm. Soc. 3[n.muscle prepaations. L . J. 432, 190.Phamftl. 29 236t 197k. mc 24 TSO K. and KAWAMURA, M.
3624 TORDA, T.A., SINCLAIR, E. and The constituents of the ovaries ofULYATT, D.B. Puffer fish globefish. IV. Reducing sugar iso-(Tetrodotoxin) polson•lnp clinical lated during purification of therecord and suggested manage- poisonous component. 3. pharm.nmet. Med. 3. Aust. Io ", 1973. Sac. 3pn. 71, 282, 1951.
3023 TORO-GOYCO, e., SANTOS, 3., 5435 TSUDA K. and KAWAMURA, M.KOSERSKY, D.S. and HARRIS, The constituents of the ovaries ofL.&. Soepfish toxirw chemical and globefish. Vt. Purification ofpharmacological studies. Fed. globefish poison by chroma-Proc. 31, 1%3, 1972. tography. 3. pharm. Soc. 3Jp. 72,
187, 1952.526 TORO-GOYCO, E., SANTOS-
MARTINEZ, e., KOSERSKY, S. 3#36 TSUOA, K. and KAWAMURA, M.and HARRIS, L.S. Ryptisin - the The constituents of the ovaries ofactive principle of the soapfish globefish. VII. Purification oftoxin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 22, tetrodotoxin by chromatography1817, 1973. (2). 3. pharm. Soc. 3Jpn. 72, 771,
1952.5427 TOYOSHIMA, T. [Serological study
of the toxin of the fish Plotosus 3437 TSUDA, K. and KAWAMURA, M.lanutllaris Lacgpde.) J J. The constituents of the ovaries ofProtozooi. Soc. 6, 45, 19 IA.
296
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Inst. Food Microbiol., Chiba Univ.5440 TSUDA, K., IKUMA, S., KAWA- 10, 78, 1957."MURA, M., TCHIKAWA, R. and
MIYADERA, T. Ober Tetrodo- 5448 TSUKADA, 0. Effect of crystallinetoxin. VI. Mitteilung. 2-amino-6- tetrodotoxin in circulatory reflexmethylchinazolin als Abbaupro- and experimental arrythmia.dukt von Tetrodotoxin. Chem. Chiba Med. 3. 3, 1369, 1960.Pharm. Bull. Tok_,yo 10, 868, 1962.
5449 TSUNENARI, S., UCHIMURA, Y.,5441 TSUDA, K., IKUMA, S., KAWMURA, AND KANDA, M. Puffer poison-
NM., TACHIKAWA, R., BABA, Y. ing in 3apan - a case report. 3.and MIYADERA, T. Ueber die forens. Sci. 25j 240, 1980.Struktur der Cg-Base, die sichdurch Behandlung mit Alkalilauge 5450 TSURUMI, S. [Concerning the injec-aus Tetrodotoxin gewinnen iasst. tion of tetrodotoxin for the treat-Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tokyo 10, ment of leprosy.] 3. Bact. 194,247, 1962. 849, 1911.
5442 TSUDA, K., IKUMA, S., KAWAURA, 5451 TWAROG, B.M., HIDAKA, T. and,M., TACHIKAWA, R BABA, Y. YAMAGUCHI, H. Resistance toand MIYADERA, T. 'bber Tetro- tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin indotoxin. IV. Mitteilung. Die nerves of bivalve molluscs. AStruktur der C9-SBase, die sich possible correlation with para-durch Einwirking der Alkalilauge lytic shellfish poisoning. Toxiconaid Tetrodotoxin gewinnen lýsst. 10, 273, 1972.Chem. Pharm. Bull. Jon. 10, 865,1962. 5452 TWEEDIE, M.W.F. Poisonous Ani-
mals of Malaya. Malaya Publ.5443 TSUDA, K., TAMURA, C., TACHI- House: Singapore, 9 0p., 1941.
KAWA, R. et al. Die KorstiTutionund KonfAguration der Tetrodon- 5453 TYBRING, 0. Poisonous fish. Bull. 7sautre. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 11, U.S. Fish. Comm. 6, 148, 1887.1473, 1963.
5454 TYERS, G.F.O., TODD, G.3.,5444 TSUDA, K., IKUMA, S., KAWA- NEELY, 3.R. and WALDHAUSEN,
MURA, M. et al. Tetrodotoxin. 3.A. Mechanism of myocardialVII. The siructure of tetrodotoxin protection from ischemic arrest -
297
by intracoronary tetrodotoxin. 3. 5462 VAUILANT, A., PEYRIN, A., CAV-thotac. cardlovasc. SrM. 69 190, ALLO, A. and BORDER, F.P.L973. Refledss sur les rapports pos-
Oaks entre les eosinophiles rach-STYElR'S", G.P.O., TODD, G-.Z, NIE- idiennes et I'ichthyotoxisme en
'BAUJER, I.M., MANLeY, N.3. and Nouvefle-Caledonie. Bull. Soc.WALDHAUSEN, 3.A. Fffec of Pathralexot. 54. 1075, 1961."intracoronary tetrodotoxin onrecovery of the isolated working 5463 VALENTI, M., PASQUINI, P. andrat heart from sixty minutes of ANDREUCCI, G. Saxitoxin and"shermia.• Circulation 50 U, tetzrdatuin intoxication: report
197. of 16 case. Vet. Hum. Toxicol.2117, 1979.
5456 U•MK, S., WATANAee, W. and NAG-f.ANO, M. [Effects of procaine, 5464 VAN LEENT. Contributions a lalldocaine, chlorpromazine, and gioraphie m~dicale. Les posses-tetrodotoxin on the aff erent im- sims Neerlandaises des Indes"'" lses from the mesenteric orientaies. Arch. Mid. Nav. 8j,nem.3 Kyushu3. mned. Scl. 13, 1367.23,1962.
5*63 VAN PEL, H. Some notes on fisheries'437, ULBRICHT, W. and WAGNER, H.-H. in the New Hebrides, Fiji and
The influence of pH on equil- Tokelau. S. Pac. Comm. Q. Bull.U ibrium effects of tetrodotoxin on &.472, 1959.
myelinated nerve fibres of Ranaesculenta. 3. Physioi. 252,3M, 34" VAN VEEN, A.G. and LATUASAN,"1975. H.E. Fish poison caused by hista-
"mine in Indonesia. Doc. Neer.545S$ ULBRIGHT, W. and WAGNER, H.H. Indonesica Morbis Trop. 2, 18,
The reaction between tetrodo- 19.,toxin and membrane sites at thenode of Ranvien its kinetics and 5467 VAN ZANT, C.B. Fish and shellfishdependencae on pH1. Phil. Trans. posonin, with illustrative cases.Roy. Soc. London M 353, 1975. Col. Med. I11 453, 1914.
5459 UMALI, A.F. Edible Fishes of 5463 VAUGHAN, V.C. Food poisoning.Manila. Commonwealth of the Sd. Month. 71, 155, 1950.Philippines, Dept. Agr. Comm.,i• Popular Bldl, (6), p. 42,.1936.P lB.6p ,35469 VELLARD, 3. Poissons venimeux du
5460 UMEDA, T. Influence of animal Rio Araguaya. Mm. Soc. Zool.toxins on the ciliary movement France 29, 513, 1932.(tissue culture experiment of cili-ated epithelium). Acta Derm.� �570 VICTORIA FISH & GAME DEPT.Kyoto 11. 101, 192S. Poisonous and harmful fishes of
Victoria. Fish. Circ. Vict. (2),561 UNSWORTH, B.R. and HAFEMANN, .19".
D.R. Tetrodotoxin binding as amarker for functional differen- 5471 VIGNON, G. Contribution 'a l'4tudetiation of various brain regions des intoxications alimentaires
Sduring chick and mouse develop- produites par les poissons. Th~se,merit. 3. Neurochem. 25. 261, Fac. MWd., Paris 409, 9 4p., 1902.S1972.
5472 VIGNON, G. Sur les intoxications 5483 VYSKOCIL, F. Action potentials ofalimentaires produites par les - the rat diaphragm and their sensi-poissons. These, Resumee par la tivity to tetrodotoxin during post-Gazette des Hopitaux. Paris, natal development and old age.1907. Pflugers Arch. 352, 155, 1974.
5473 VILLEGAS, R., BARNOLA, F.V. and 5484 WAGNER, H.H. and ULBRICHT, W.CAMEJO, G. Action of proteases The rates of saxitoxin action andand ihospholipases on tetrodo- of saxitoxin-tetrodot oxin inter-toxin binding to axolemma prep- action at t~he node of Ranvier.arations isolated from lobster Pflugers Arch. 359, 297. 1975.nerve fibers. giochim, Biophys.Acta 318, 61, 1973. 5485 WAINSCHEL, :. Spiders, scorpions
* and fish. Med. World News, Sept.5474 VILLEGAS, R., BARNOLA, F.V. and 15, 12G, 1972.
VILLEGAS, 3. Sodium channelsand tetrodotoxin binding sites in 5486 WAITE, E.R. The mammals, reptilesthe axon and Schwann cell mem- and fishes. Aust. Mus. Mem. 3,brahe. Fed. Proc. 33, 1265, 1974. 182, 1897.
5475 VINCENT, L. Les poissons vene'neux 5487 WAKELY, 3.F., FUHRMAN, G.3.,du 3apon. Arch. Med. nay. 39, FUHRMAN, F.A., FISCHER, H.G.392, 1883. and MOSHER, H.S. The occur-
rence of tetrodotoxin (taricha-5476 VINCENT, L.P.E. Contribution ' ]a toxin) in amphibia and the distri-
guographie mddicale: des Antilles bution of the toxin in the organset du littoral est de l'Atlantique of newts (Taricha). Toxicon 3,nord. Arch. MWd. nay. 51, 97, 195, 1966.1889.
A 5488 WALDSCHMIDT-LEITZ, E., KUHN,5477 VINSON, L.P.E. Elements d'une K. and ZINNERT, F. Zur Bau-
topographie m~dicale de la steinanalyse des Clupeins. Exper-Nouvelle-Calgdonie et de Il'e des ientia 7, 183, 1951."Pins. These, Fac. M6d., Paris 59,55p., 1858. 5489 WALKER, C. and STROHMAN, R.
Myowin turnover in cultured5478 VIP, L.-L. Toxicity of moray eels, muscle fibers relaxed by tetrodo-"• Gymnothorax, in Hong Kong. toxin. Exp. cell Res. 116, 341,
"_o__ (1), 175, 1971. 1978.
5479 VON BONDE, C. Mussel and fish 5490 WALKER, F.D. Fish poisoning in thepoisoning. S. Afr. med. 3. 22, 760, Virgin Islands. Nay. med. Bull.,1948. Wash. 17, 193, 1922.
5480 VON BONDE, C. The toxicity of the 5491 WALLACE, L.B. The structure andblaasop or toby. S. Afr. med. 3. development of the axillary gland27, 692, 1953. of Batrachus. 3. Morph. 8, 563,
1893.5481 VON FRAENKEL, P.H. and KRICK,
E.S. Fish poisoning by barracuda 5492 WATANABE, A., TASAKI, I., SING-"in the Marianas. U.S. Nay. med. ER, I. and LERMAN, L. Tetrodo-Bull. 44, 427, 194•5. toxin: comments on effects ofsquid axons. Science 157, 221,
S5482 VON SOBBE. Ein bemert'enswerther 1907.Fall von Fischvergiftung. Bert.
.* kiln. Wschr. 26, 137, 1889.
"299
..
•:::"''r':''': bw•' the Reef FW Lutianus ••.
... siUrcs, Short Rpt. (6), 9p., 5502 WHEELER, 3.F.G. The problem of" 'k-, 19I we also U.S. Fh. Wildl. o fishes Rev. Aric. Ile
Serv., Spec. Scd. Rpt. (25), p. - -grice3. l3i, ty-4.'•i,-':,, ., 209, 1950. •. 5** WTANBEM.. Theeffct f 503 WHIT-E, Al. Dinoflagellate toxins
34 "- -ATAMA (Th,,e effect Of as ;ob cause of an Atlantict.•a-dotoxdn on the. afferent herring (Clupea harengus haren-
Impulses from sensory nerves.1 M) kill, and ptercpods as appar-.... u "-"I Kenkyu 2 76 8 )A., $76,95L ent vector. Can. Fish. Res. Bd. .-
14595ý WATANABE, T. and HASHIMOTO,1977Toxic components of oxidized 550* WHITING, F.E.M. E Directive listingsa.ry oll Inducing muscular dys- severalfshes which are poisonoustrophy In carp. Bull. •,1 Sac. at Saipu.] Order No. 1".5, U.S.. iLent Fish. 3, 1131, • Army. swsed 21 3une, 19*5.
$96 VATANABE, W. [Effects of tetrodo- 5505 WHITLEY, G.P. Ichthyological mis-toxin on phrenic nerve impulses.] ceilanem. Mem. Queensland Mus.FolkaPharmacol. 1. . 19,,, 31.
5*97 *ATERFIELD, C.J. and EVANS, 5506 WHITLEY, G.P. The Chinaman fish.M.H. A method for distinguishing Aust. Mw. Mal. 4, ,39, 1932.": " tatredotoxin from saxitoxtn, by"comparing their relative stabill- 5507 WHITLEY, G.P. A new fish, reputed"tWie when heat-d in acid solution, to be poisonous, from Queensland.Ep enti, 670, .1972. 'Mem. Queensland Mus. 1_0 175,
1934.39S WATROU3, 3.3. and BAJPAI, P.K.
* thffect of tetrodotoxin on 5503 WHITLEY, G.P. Some fishes of the -. NA uptake and action potential Sydney district. Aust. Mus. Mag. trecoveky in daheathed Rana .* 291, 1935.
n nerves.P o.PFYIs 6, 39, 1974. 5509 WHITLEY, G.P. Poisonous fishes.
" ;" ~~~Fish. News Lem*. (Cronulla) I_ , :SWELLH6eMER, H.H.V. Aconitiner- e tC2.
regung enes Mechanoreceptors 4MeAuig der Membranpotential- 5510 WHITLEY, G.P. Poisonous and harm-ver.nd 3er-n, Bedeutung des ful fids. Bull. Counc. Sci.extracellularen Natriums und Indust. Res.. Australia I._9, 1,EInflus von Tetrodotaxin. N.S. 193."Arch. Pharmacol. exp. Pathol.2_& 350, 1967. 5511 WHITLEY, G.P. Solvol Fish Book.'
Sydney, Ip., 1949.5500 WELSH, W.V. and BREELER, C.M. A
contribution to the life history of 5512 WHITLEY, G.P. Toadfish poisoning.the puffer, Spheroides maculatus Aust. Mus. Mag. _II 60, 1953.(Schneider). Zoolowica 2, 261,1922. 5513 WHITLEY, G.P. Are hussars edible?
Aust. Mws. Mal. 1, 194, 1954.5501 WHEELER, 3.P.G. and OMMANN[EY,
F.P. LThe problem of poisous"flshetw Mauritius-Seychelles
300
•-
5514 WHITLEY, G.P. A kennel of frog- and fish products in the light of gfishes. Aust. Murs. Mag. 12, 139, the food regulations. Fleisch-1957. wirtschaft 58, 963, 1978.
5515 WHITLEY, G.P. Marine Fishes of 5526 YAGI, S. and SUEKANE, T. StudiesAustralia. 3acaranda Press: Bris- on globefish poison. Part 2. Itsbane, 1962. lethal dose and toxic effect on
animals including calves and5516 WkITLEY, G.P. and HALSTEAD, goats. Bull. Fac. Agric.
B.W. An annotated bibliography Yamaguti Univ. 23, 531, 1972.of the poisonous and venomousfishes of Australia. Rec. Aust. 5527 YAMAGISHI, S. and SANO, T. EffectMus. 23, 211, 1955. of tetrodotoxin on the pacemaker
action potential of the sinus node.5517 WILLIAMS, C.M. Tetrodotoxin: a Proc. Jpn. Acad. Sci. 42, 1194,
nonlethal paralytic agent for 1966.insects. Science 160 444, 1968.
5528 YAMAMOTO, I. The influence of5518 WILSON, 3.P.A. Fish poisoning. Br. yeast on the toxicity of liver and g
med. 3. 2, 292, 1837. fish oils. 3. agric. chem. Soc.2~i± 10, 264, 1934.
5519 WONG, 3.L., OESTERLIN, R. andRAPOPORT, H. The structure of 5529 YAMAMOTO, I. The toxicity of fish-saxitoxin. 3. Am. chem. Soc. 93, liver oils and fish oils on the7344, 1971. antitoxic effect of yeast. Bull. S
Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. 13, 1,5520 WOOD, 3.D. and MARSH, D.R. 1934.
Effects of atropine, tetrodotoxinand lidocaine on rebound excita- 5530 YAMAMOTO, 1. Nutritive value oftion of guinea-pig small intestine. ischinagi (Stereolepis ishinagi)3. Pharm. exp. Therap. 184, 590, and beef-liver. Bull. Inst. Phys.1973. Chem. Res. 14, 731, 1935.'
5521 WOOD-3ONFS, F. Coral and Atolls. 5531 YAMAMOTO, I. Tests on the nutri-Lovell Reene & Co.: London, tive value of seabass and beef392p., 1912. livers. Rep. Inst. Phys. Chem.
Res. 14, 731, 1935.5522 WOODWARD, R.B. The structure of
tetrodotoxin. Pure appl. Chem. 5532 YAMASAKI, S. [Hepatoxin.j Osaka9_ 49, 1964. med. Assoc. Mag. 13, 443, 1914.
5523 WOODWARD, R.B. and GOUGOU- 5533 YAMASAKI, S. and KIKKAWA, T.TAS, J.Z. The structure of tetro- [The application of tetrodotoxin gdotoxin. 3. Am. chem. Soc. 86, for leprosy and other diseases.]5030, 1964. Osaka med. Assoc. Mag. 10, 1140,
1909.5524 WULFF, V.3. and MENDEZ, C, The
effect of mar.ganous chloride and 5534 YAMAWAKI, G.I. LOn poisoning bytetrodotoxin on Limulus lateral the fugu fish (Tetrodon).] Iieye retinular cells. Vision Res. Sinbun, May 5, 1883.13, 2327, 1973.
"5535 YANG, H.M. [Poisonous and venom-5525 WURZIGER, 3. and DICKHAUT, G. ous fishes of Taiwan.] Ann. Rept.
Estimation of histamine in fish
301
jl i ; .7....
SSd' .Taiwan Mum,' Taipei 10, 36, with ciintera. In, Toxic Dino- 01 9 6iS7. 1 001fa Blooms.
SIntern. Cagrj, Taylor, D.L. and5536 YANO, I. [The pharmacological Selfier, H.H. (eds.), Elsevier/
: study of tetrodotoxin3 Fukuoka N- h-H land: N.Y., vol. 1,lkwa Dalgaku Zasshi 30, 1669, p. 221, 179.
" 7see also Fukuoka a Med."S 9191937. 5.545 Y SUMOTO, T, BAGNIS, R., THEV-
ENIN, S.. and GARCON, M."5537 YAM, 1. CAn experimental study on Survey of comparative toxicity in
the globe-fish (Fugu) intoxica- the food cdain of ciguatera. Bull.tlonJ. 3pn. 3. rmed. Sci. 8_,S, sclentFish. 43, IM,3
5338:L YASJKAWA, T. RInves- 554 Y NUMOTO, T, INOUE, A., BAG-tiation of Poisonus Fishes NIS, R. and GARCON, M. [Eco-Within the 3urisdiction of the logical survey on a dinoflagellate; aipan Banch' of She possibly responsible for the induc-Government-General. Tokyo tion of ciguateraj Nihon Suisan-
- Imp. Univ. Contagious Dis. Res. Galdc Std 45, 395, 1979.Inst., 27p., 1935 see also Spec.Sd. Rept. Fish., U.S. Fish Wildl. 5547 YASUMOTO, T., NAKA31MA, I.,Servr. (25), 189 p., 1950. BAGNIS, R. and ADACHI, R.
Finding of a dinoflagellate as as5 YASUMOTO, T. A note on ciguatera likely culprit of ciguatera. Bull.
poisoning in Okinawa and the I Soc. scient. Fish. 4 1=.toxin of a grouper, Enep e lusT A "',fas tttus Forsk• Bu.ap •:S....._oc. sent. Fish._1, _ 52, 196.. 58 YSUMOTO, T., NAKAJ1MA, I.,
OSHIMA, Y. and BAGNIS, R. A
3550 YASUMOTO, T. ECIguatera--a poi- new toxic dbnoflagellate found insoning from ingestion of fish in associatiom with ciguatera. In,the South. Seas. I Kagaku to Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms.Seibutsu 10, 369, 1972. (Proc. 2nd intern. Congr.), Taylor,
D.L. and Seliger, H.H. (eds.),3541 YASUMOTO, T. [Ciguatera (shellfish E13evier/North-Holland: N.Y.,
toxin)j lgaku no Ayumi 112, 886, vol. 1, p. 65, 1979.1980.
5549 YASUMOTO, T., HASHIMOTO, Y.,3547 YASUMOTO, T. and SCHEUER, P.3. BAGNISR, RANDALL, 3.E. and
Marine toxins of the Pacific -VIII. BANNER, A.H. Toxicity of sur-Ciguatoxin from moray eel livers. geonfishes. Bull. J. Soc.Toxicon 7, 273, 1969. scient. Fish. 372, 7274 ME.
5543 YASUMOTO, T., BAGNIS, R. and 5550 YIASUMOTO, T., INOUE, A., OCHI,VERNOUX, 3.P. Toxicity of sur- T. et al. Environmental studies ongeonfishes, II. Properties of the a to-xc dinoflagellate (Gambier-principal water soluble toxin., discus toxicus) responsible forBull. in•. Soc. scient. Fish. 12, ciguatera. B-ui . 3pn. Soc. scient. _
3--9, 7b. Fish. 1397, 1980.
5534 YASUMOTO, T., INOUE, A. and 5551 YIP, L.L. andCHIU, K.W. ToxicityofBAGNIS, R. Ecological survey of the common puffer fish in Honga toxin dinoflagellate associated Kong. Experientia 27, 668, 1971.
302
.. . j ~-4*~. -
5552 YOKOO, A. [Chemical studies on the 5563 YUDKIN, W.H. Tetrodon poisoning. .tetrodotoxin. Rep. 1.i Rikagaku Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 9,Kenkyujo Iho 24, 136, 1948. 1, 1944.
5553 YOKOO, A. [Chemical studies on 5564 YUDKIN, W.H. The occurrence of atetrodotoxin. Rept. 2.]Hiroshima cardioinhibitor in the ovaries ofIgaku t, 52, 1948. the puffer, Spheroides maculatus.
3. ceil. comp. Physiol. 25, 85,5554 YOKOO, A. A toxin of the globefish. 1945.
Bull. Tokyo Inst. Technol. 13, 8,1948. 5565 ZAMA, K., HATANO, M. and IGARA'
SHI, H. Lipidic poison in roe of5555 YOKOO, A. [Chemical studies on northern blenny. Ninth Jpn. Conf. 0
tetrodotoxin. lRept. 3. Isolation Biochem. Lipids, Tokyo, Japan,of Spheroidine.3 Jpn. J. chem. 1967 (Abst.).Soc. 71, 590, 1950.
5566 ZETLER, G. Antagonism of chol-5556 YOKOO, A. Studies on a toxin of the ecystokinin-like peptides by
globefish. III. Isolation of sphero- opioid peptides, morphine or ýO7idine from the ovary of Spher- tetrodotoxin. Europ. 3. Pharm-oides rubrip. 3. chem. Soc. Jpn. acol. 60, 67, 1979.71 590-
5567 ZIBER-SHUMOVA, N.O. [Poisonous5557 YOKOO, A. [Studies on toxin of a fish.) Trud. Obshch. russk.
globefish. Rept. IV.1 Proc. Jir. Vrach., St. Petersburg 61, 123,Acad. 28, 200, 1952. 1894-95.
5558 YOKOO, A. [The toxin of the swell- 5568 ZIPSER, B. and BENNETT, M.V.L.fish.) Kagaku 9, 138, 1954. Tetrodotoxin resistant electric-
ally excitable responses of recep-5559 YOKOO, A. and MOROSAWA, S. tor cells. Brain Res. 61, 253,
[Studies on the toxin of a globe- 1973.fish. Rept. V. Compailson withtetrodotoxin.) 3. Pharm. Soc. 5569 ZLOTKIN, E. Chemistry of animal
7... 75, 235, 1955. venoms. Experientia 29, i453,1973.
5560 YOSHIDA, S. [Experimental results -9-.regarding puffer poison, hepato-toxin, discovered by Hori.) Med.News, Jpn. 864, 1463, 1912.
5561 YOSHIDA, S., MATSUDA, Y. andSAMEJIMA, A. Tetrodotoxin- Sresistant sodium and calciumcomponents of action potentialsin dorsal root ganglion cells of theadult mouse. 3. Neurophysiol. 4 1,1096, 1978.
5562 YOUNG, W. The mechanism oftetrodotoxin op. the in situ acetyl-cholinesterase in the vagal heartsystem. Physiologist 12, 403, N
1969.
303
I
CHAPTER X0
VENOMOUS FISHES
Citations In thschapter relate to those fishes that are venomous, thatIt, those fisher which have a gland or group of highly specialized secretary
~ ceI~s~a venom duct (although this is niot a constanfidg)adastuurfar :k11verIng the venom. In some citations, the evidence for the
v~nomwnessof the fish has not been established, but such references havebeen Included. Fishes that do not have a mechanism for the delivery oftheir toxin, Including the crinotoxic fishes, are noted in Chapter IX.
7%
304
5370 AFLALO, F.G. A Sketch of the 583 ANON. Wounds inflicted by sting-Natural History of Austraia-. rays. 3.A.M.A. 117, 1833, 1941.Macmillan: London, 1S%.
AM5534 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on5s71 AL tAH xYi.M. Sur quelques pois- Samoa. U.S. War Dept., 9p., 1943.sons toxiques ý laitances vi~n&-.euses. Bull. Stlisse PLtche Pisci- 5585 ANON. Poisonous and dangerouscult. 13, 194, .312. fishes of the tropical Pacific.
U.S. Arctic, Desert, Trop. Info.5572 ALEMAN, 134. U punto de duda Cent., Info. Bull. (10), 1943.respecto del aparato venenoso delIct•alins dugesil. Naturaleza I, 5586 ANODN. Poisonous and harmful fis.h-49r, 1391.' es. Bull. Court:. Scient. Indust.
Res., Commonwealth Australia,5573 ALFRED, E.R. Sharks, rays and Melbourne. (159), 1943.
sawfishes in Malayan fresh wa-ters. Malay. nat. 3. 16, 235, 1962. 5587 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
Kwangchowan. U.S. War Dept.,55•74 A.LLEN, G.R. and ESCHMEYER, lp,,l1943.W.N. Turkeyfishes at Eniwetok.Pac. Discovery 2•, 3, 1973. 3588 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
the New Hebrides. U.S. War5575 AMEMIYA, I. On the structure of Dept.$ 5P.9 1943.the poison sting of Aigo (5iianusfuscescena). Suisan GakkaT14Ho 5589 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on, 192. -the Phoenix Island. U.S. War
5576 ANON. Giftigue Fische am Kap der Dept., 3p., !q3.Guten Hoffnung. Petermanns 5590 ANON. Medical and sanitary data onGeogr. Mitt. _, 256, 1!~g the Tokelau or Union Islands. U.S.
War Dept., 4p,., 1943.5577 ANON. Les poissons vnrnneux.L'Independ. M~d. 6, 19, 1900. 5591 ANON. Survival on land and ea.
Office of Naval Intelligence, U.S.5578 ANON. Venomous fishes. 1.A.M.A. Navy, 194.68, '589, 1917.
5592 ANON. A demon of the warm seas.5579 A-JN. Venomous fishes., ._ Bull. U.S. Army med. Dept. (77),3. (2), 34, 1922. 1944.
5580 ANON. Fish poisons. "Notes and 5393 ANON. Medical and sanitary data oncomments." U.S. Nay. med. Bull. the Mariana Islands. U.S. War20, 466, 1924-. Dept., TB Med. Dept. 20, 4, 1944.
5581 ANON. M'ssion scientifique au 5594 ANON. Medical and sanitary data cm"Goyaz et au Rio Araguaya. 1. the PalaulIslands. U.S. War Dept.,Poissons venlmeux de Rio Ara-
guaa. zol. rane wm.TB Med. Dept. 41, 4, 19,44.29, 513, 13M 5595 ANON. Medical and sanitary data on
the Caroline Islands. U.S.5582 ANON. Medical and sanitary data onTrinidad. U.S. War Dept., 7p.,1941.
305
A.War Deput. To Me" Dept. 4t ~ %30 AMON Psisoft by the stingray.l44. Reva. Psdlatrlcs I 120, 1953.
"M~ M~ON. 'Medical and sanitary data A~~~gWN. Thooe twenty-f ow bathingan Gum. U.S. War Dept., TB trgageies in the West. Is a poi-Med. Dept. "., 14. som fmr one of the causes?' ,---•" -•XI •West.. n - , Plymouth,
559 ANON. Media and sanitary data 5ept. 7t ON.on ft PWpplPie Islands. U.S.War Dept., To Med. Dept. I, MIO ANON. Stone-fish poisoning. _25t Us, 1"4. #rop Med. Hyx 1N 333, 1960.
SMe ANON. Venomous fishes. U.S. War X II ANON. Vergiftunmgen durch denDept., TB Med. Dept. Z, 10, Tradchnus draco. In, Biue und194N:. • andiger G ttle p. •,
3599 AMON. Medical and sanitar dataP. txetmn dl.i acw-adan Haingn. U.S. War Dept., TBMod. Dept. 11L3 6,9.5612 ANON. weever-fish stingser. m~dp 3.(2)0 1043t, 1963.
X AWN. Medical and sanitary dataant the Marshall Iland. U.S. 3613 ANO. Bites and stings. TWar Dept,., TB Md. Dept. _I I :, 1967.
%614 ANON. Plish venom hdes potent5601 ANON. Medical and sanitary data vasodlitor. 3.A.M.A. 2%. 223 1,
aon ratam Island. U.S. War 1968.Dept.. TO Med. Dept. 146•, 2,I€ . 56%13 ANON. A deadly fish story. Trojan
Ma0 ANON. liedical and sanitary dataon ltaiy. U.S. Wr Deo".. TS 5616 AWON. Saorponfishes. Bull. Nat.
A Med. Dept. 17119 131, 1965. ClearingOwuse Poison Cont. Ctr.,5603 ANON. Medical and sanitary dataSe t 9C
on the Gilbert and E~llce Islands, 3610 ANON. Pish that can kill. WorldOcean Island and Nauru. U.S. F April 197-War Ot., T Med. Oept., 19),
5, 165%I$1 ANON. Water, water everywhere.,," Frnert, Mod. b, 109, 1973•.
.0, ANON. Palsonng by sakv, pl7ntsand fish. AAF Tactical Center 5619 ANON. 3aws that bite, things thatMed. Sere. I 195. sting. (Interview with Dr. F.E.
Russell). Emer. Med., 3uly,6S03 ANON., Ta• care, theyore poison- 1975; also In a B asics.
Ow. The SW,, Sydney, Mar. 6, Cohen, I.M. (e-d.), 'EM Book"1951. N.Y., p. 271, 1979.
3W06 ANON. Sting ray Injuries. Med. r ANON. This "lon doesn't roar.Rows Lett. 23t 6, 194. J.A.M.A. 242, 17, 1979.
W407 ANON. Heat Inactivates venom. 5421 ATZ, 3.1W. The flamboyant zebra. . News Lett. 67, 20, 1953. fish. Animal Kingdom 63V, 3,
1%2.
I 30I
3622 AUBERT,1M. Blessure produite par 5632 BASSETT-SMITH, P.W. Snake-bites-une patenague. Lib. MWd. Chir. and poisonous fishes. 3. BombayPharm. Milit., Paris, Sp., I6 nat. Hist. Soc. 115, 112, 1903.
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fishes. Texas 3. Scd. 4, 433, 1952."5626 BABEL, 3.5. Reproduction, life his-
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5621 BAGNIS, F. Note ur les animauxmarins v~nimeux dans "Le Monde 3639 BELLOC, t. Noms scientifiques et"Vivant des Atolls." Publ. Soc. vulgaires des principaux poissonsOcean. (28), 102, 1972. et crustacts d'eau douce. Paris,
19p., 1899.5629 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, P.S.,ELIAS, P.S. 7t al. Problems of 5640 BERRY, F.H. and ANDERSON, W.W.toxicants in marine food pro- Stargazer fishes from the westernducts. I. Marine bictoxins. Bull. North Atlantic (FamilyWJ-I.O.,42, 69, 1970. Uranoscopidae). Proc. U.S. nat.
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eastern Pacific. Proc. Calif.5631 BANFIELD', E.J. The Confessions of Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, 3-4, -- ,7 19b6.a Beachcomter. Fisher Unwin!
307
562 UMACHAR., 1BS. Pmingl'ands In 53 SLeeKER, P. Rivlsion de espcesillh pectoral spines ad two cat- insulindlennes du genre Urano-flst s- H etes fosslls L. Versi. Meded. Akad.
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visch. Geneesk. Tfldschr. Ned.-* 43 BcKoRe, 3.T. Poisonou fish. lc_., 76. 2404 1936.
h Fbrn Aui.t, [5655 BORLEY, 3.0. The poison apparatus
3M SICMORE, 3.T. All fish aien't of the *eever. Trans. Norfolk- poLsous. The Fishernm Nov. Norwich nat. Soc. b 369, 1907.
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5637 BOTTARD, A. Note sur la piqtre deX"*6 BIRCHeAD, W1.& The comparative Ia vivre. C.R. Soc. Biol. 37, 23,
toxicity of stings of the ictalurid 188.catfish genea Ictalurus andSchtlbeodes. C •• W6A8 BOTTARD, A. Les Poissons Veni-
'4 M 101, 1M7. meuxt Contribution 1 l'Hy1i1neP l 1Navale. Octave Dion: Paris,
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millant London, 1904.M30 BLAIR, R.H. A person with Interest
on Dr. Muir Evans on toxic prop- 562 BOUTItRE, H. Les Scorpaenid6s deserties of the sting-ray's sting. eaux marocines. Tray. Inst. sci.Br. med. J. (2), 267, 194 5. chirifien (Maroc) S&. zool. 13;83, 1958.
3631 BLANCHARD, M.R. Les poissonsdes eaux douces de I& France. 53 BRAKER, W.P. Beware the lion-Paris, 1866. fish--end othersi The Aquarium3•1, 602, 1962.
5652 BLANCHARD, R. Tralti de Zoolo-
ae M6dtcale. 3.B. Bailli~re &FLI: Paris, 1890.
308
%64 BRAULT, 3. Traitg Fpactiue des 5676 BURGESS, 3. Sting ray injuries.maladies pan chauds. 3,83 Med. 3. Aust. (2), 465, 1926.
WBaillere & Fils: Paris, 1899.5677 BYRNE, K. Injuries and diseases in
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Lab. marit. Dinard 12, 5, 199."T5678 CADZOW, W.H. Puncture wound of
566 BRIGGS, 3.3. The lesser weever the liver by stingray spines. Med.(Trachinus vipera). Zoologist 3. Aust. (47), 936, 1960.(London) 12,'T4_U,_ 94
5679 CALDWELL, N. Titians of the Bar-567 BRIOT, A. Sur l'action du venin de rier Reef. Angus & Robertson:
la vive (Trachinus draco). C.R. Sydney, 1938.Soc. Biol. 5", -M69,T .7
5680 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Les568 BRIOT, A. Immunisation des lapins Animaux Venimeux et ia Sero-
contre le venin de la vive, et T aie Antiven-imeuse. Massonaction priventive du serum des & Cie: Paris, 396p., 1907.aninaux immunises. C.R. Soc.
io_.. 54, 1172, 1902. 5681 CALMETTE, A. Venomous fishes.Poison as a means of defense.
5669 BRIOT, A. Action h-molytique de Scient. Amer. (Suppl.) 64, 12,venin de vive (Trachinus draco). T907.C.R. Soc. Biol. f4,-=, 1=T
5682 CALMETTE, A. Venoms. Venomous5670 BRIOT, A. Diff&ence d'action ven- Animals and Antivenomous
imeuse des ipines Jorsales et des Serum-Therapeutics. John Bale,*pines operculaires de la vive. Sons & Danieisson: London, 403p.,C.R. Soc. Biol. 55, 623, 1903. 1908.
5671 BRIOT, A. ttudes sur le venin de la 5633 CALTON, G.3. and BURNETT, 3.W.vive (Trachinus draco) J. Phys- White catfish (Ictalurus catus)iol. Path. g =n._6, 1, 190 toxins. Lloydia 17, 641, 197-4.'
5672 BRIOT, A. Sur l'existence d'une 5634 CALTON, GJ. and BURNETT, 3.W.kinase dans le venin de la vive Catfish (Ictalurus catus) fin(Trachinus draco). C.R. Soc. venom. Toxico~n13, 399-,1975.
iol. 56, I 113=,1904.-5683 CAMERON, A.M. Toxicity phenom-
5673 BRIOT, A. La Rascasse a-t-elle un ena in coral reef waters. Proc.venin? C.R. Soc. Biol. 57, 666, 2nd Intern. Coral Reef Sy_-p."-1904. 513, 1974.
5674 BRIOT, A. Sur l1'action soi-disant 5686 CAMERON, A.M. and ENDEAN, R.venimeuse de la rascasse. C.R. The venom apparatus of theAssoc. Franc. Adv. Sci. 33, 904, scorpion fish Notesthes robusta."1905. Toxicon 4, 111, 1966.
5675 BUDDLE, R. Some cotnmon poison- 5687 CAMERON, A.M. ard ENDEAN, R.ous fishes found in Singapore The axillary glands of the plotosid
waters. 3. Roy. Nay. med. catfish Cnidoglanis macro-Serv. 16, 102, 1930. cephalus. Toxicon 9, 345, 1971.
309
MWS CAMERON, A.M. and ENDEAN, R. ROOURTýS, C.M. and RUSSELL,Thesmi. Stands of teleast F.E. Some pharmacological
hal.. oxlon10,301 192.pro~eties of the venom of thescmpiafish ~ guttata-!
'741*CA ER04, A.M. and ENDEAN, R. Tozion 91 379,V197.Ref utation of the venomouxs rep-
uttosof thre teteolst fse.56"9 CARJ.SN, R.W., SCHAEFFER,TOMo _10, 33h, 92 R.C.,, WHIGHAM, H., RUSSELL,
F.L. and WEIL, M.HT. Cardiovas-%90 CAMERON, AMA. Mid ENDEAN, R. cuiw effects of scorpionfish
Epidermal secretions and the (Scoraengutata) venom in theevolution of veomn glands in !FSW E7 65, 973fishes. Toxican 11,u, 41 93
5700 CARLSON, R.W., SCHAEFFER,U49[ CAMPBELL, L. The locomnotor be- CRWGAH.Wl,
withw an anls~isof stngn inWL and RUSSELL, F.E. Some,WithSi lia~si Of t~f~if8 ~plimmacological properties of the
Ur £ll 2 O~i (09, 277, 195.1. Mwuu of the, scorpionfish
%92 CAMPBELL, C.H. The stone-fish guttata U oio 1
sting and its treatment. aaN. Guinea med. 31. 3,5,j57~5701 C,*JtTR, L. Le venin des poissons.
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. 11%0. ,AJ. Manual of Troeical Medi-36" ARLILE, 3.&On te veorn f em. 3rdedit., Win. Wood: N.Y.,
t04 AR SLE ,w D.B. On sth vechnom of 0D 1919.
505ra 3.~ mar. I3C 5703CASTX,.. ifauC!3fluil1!,5
363CARLSON, R.W. ' StCetsanEtheRIF (e.) Pb. No el depitia. del
VoWn teeo of the California !F WTr, Clnis Cle e l
ScrIofh Icreei FArgentina, 2p, 1963.
SC. 13f110 1970. 5704 CASTEX, M.N. El gNuevo sPota-
36 CA7RLS5N9 R.W., SCHAEFFER, Pdi. us. Flovial Czenc. Nt.yR.C. and RUSSELL, F.E. Studie Wudrenii.Not Ameghino" Tomo Ii,lsOn the venom of the CAllfri-,Nc inisTm ~Ifonascorpionfish Scorpaene ta Etn., 2ap. 193. ~roG irard-L I Proc. west.50t rnia193So.~ 130, 19 2, 190 5706 CASTEX, M.N. AcIdE ner Poia de
3697 CARLSON, R.W., SCHAEFFER, sarmn enfelli dela Musi.R.C.an 3RUSSELA GRANE, Rtu.GA., Po.Cen.Nt
ie ntevnmo h ai FSrrtn rehn"Tfv 1
310oola at FAgn
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33, 1966.5707 CASTEX, M.N. Observaciones sobre
la raya de Rio -Potarnotry on 5716 CASTE.X, M.N. Estado actual de lasmotoro (Muller y He le * am. estudias sobre la raya fluvialhus TZTrgent. Cienc. Nat. 69-r neotrapical. Rev. Mus. Pray. C.
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3obr elg~nro Rtamtryon. spe-ie'de ayPodeamotrygani-
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()BunsAires, Argentina, dientes de las especies del gin.tro10p., 163. Pot________ Garman 1877
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Prov y en. Nat. de Santa F&. 1967 (Abst.).(Argntia) um.Cinco., 1964.
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5722 CASTEX, M.N. and SUTLAN, F.5714 CASTEX, M.N. Breve consideracio'n Observaciones sobre un late de P.
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~2Jcano y asi~tico. Physis 25, 460,-1965. 5723 CASTEX, M.N., MACIEL, 1. and
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311
Slbr;0dori.' Neotropica La Plata 5734 CLELAN,3.B. Injuries and diseasesin man in Australia attributableto animals (except insects).
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312
i ! II i I [
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313
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314 -I
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S6 KMSTEAD, I5W. Injurlko effects Calif. ;ept. Fish & Game,from th esting of the scorpico. SacramentoIL2, #8, 1972.fish, Scorpana gutaa withrepot o acm T Med. M HALSTEAD, S.W. Poisonous and,.;. 33, ljhVenomous Marine Animals of the
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3901 HALSTEAD, I.W. Venomous marine 5910 HALSTEAD, S.W. and MODGLIN,animals of Brazil. Mem. Inst. F.R. A preliminary report on theButantan Simp. Intern " 33 1 venom apparatus of the bat ray,
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"3902 HALSTEAD, S.W. A study of the Or, 16, 50..
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5"90 HALSTEAD, S.W. The venom Wahington , p. 4 24, 19 56.apparatus of California rock-fishes (Family Scorpaenldae).
320
3913 HALSTEAD, B.W. and SMITH, R.L.. morphology of the "hair of the, Presence of an axillary venom rare deep sea fish, Mirapinna
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3923 HARRIS, G. Note on the great5916 HALSTEAD, B.W., CHITWOOD, weever (Trachinus draco).
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"321
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"3224
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5952 KLOTZ, L.R., KLOTZ, S.D. and Trim. Enseign. Peches Marit. 16,SWEENEY, M-3. Possible aller- 435, 1911.gjc reaCtkions to fractionatedcatfish toxin. J. Allergy cin. 5964 LADAVAC, 3. and MARETI6, Z.
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325
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326
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327
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328
0 *
____/.
6084 PORTA, A. Ricerche anatomiche surgeonfish Acanthurus lineatus.:0
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the stingray (suborder Masticura).6108 ROERTSON, D.H.H.' The stone- Milit. Surg. 97. 135, 1945.
"fish-S ynanceja verruCosa. Anote on its appearance, the mor- 6118 ROUGHLEY, T.C. Where nature runsphology of its poison apparatus riot. On Australia's Great Barrierand, the clinical effects of its Reef marine animals grow to"sting. E. Afr. med. 3. 38 369, unusual size, develop strange1961. weapons of attack and defense,
and acquire brilliant colors. Nat.6109 ROCHE, E.T. Venomous marine Geoxr. Mag. 77, 823, 1940.
fishes of California. Mar. Re-sources Leaflet (4), 1973. 6119 ROUGHLEY, T.C. Wonders of the
Great Barrier Reef. Charles611Y ROCHt, E.T. and HALSTEAD, B.W. Scribner's Sons: N.Y., 282p., 1947.
The venom apparatus of Calif-ornia rocidishes (family Scor- 6120 ROUGHLEY, T.C. Fish and Fisheriespaenidae). Fish. 'Bull. Calif. of Australia. Halstead Press:Dept• Fish Game (156), 1972. Sydney, 1951.
6111 ROCHE, E.T. and ST. AMANT, 3.A. 6121 RUSSELL, F.E. The StingrAy.Potential danger from the Indian Engineer. & Sci. 17 15, 1953.catfish Heteropneustes fossilis(Bloch). Calif. Fish Game 59, 6122 RUSSELL, F.E. Stingray injuries: a144, 1973. review and discussion of their
treatment. Amer. 3. med. Sci.6112 RODRIGUES, R.3. Pharmacology of 226, 611, 1953.
South American freshwater -
stingray venom (Potamotrygon 6123 RUSSELL, F.E. Therapy for sting-motoro). Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ray injury. Modern Med. 1, 81,3677, 1972. 1954.
6113 ROEDEL, P.M. Common Marine 6124 RUSSELL F.E. Multiple caudalFishes of California. Fish Bull. spines in the round stingray,Calif. Dept. Fish Game (68), Urobatis hallari. Calif. Fish150p., 1948. Game i., 213, 1955.
330
6125-RUSSELL, F.E. Check valve for 6138 RUSSELL, F.E. Stingray injury. .admninisterlng fluids and gases. J.A.M.A. 195, 708, 1966.Med. Arts Scd. 12, 41, 1958.
6139 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous and poi-6126 RUSSELL, F.E. Stingray injuries. sonous marine animals. Film H-
Publ. Hith. Rept. 74, 855, 1959. A-PMB-514, (with text), U.S.Navy Med. School, Bethesda, Md., .
6127 RUSSELL, F.E. Injuries by venom- 1966.ous animals. Med. Arts Scd. 15,57, 1961. 6140 RUSSELL, F.E. Toxic marine ani-
6128 RUSSELL, F.E. Injuries by venom- mals. Naval Res, Rev. 19, 20,1966.
ous animals in the United States. AJ.A.M.A. 177, 903, 1961. 6141 RUSSELL, F.E. Comparative phar-
macology of some animal toxins.6129 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous animals. Fed. Proc. 26, 1206, 1967."
"(Editorial) 3.A.M.A. 177, 912, "
1961. 6142 RUSSELL, F.E. Injuries by venomousanimals. Nat. Clearinghs. Poison -
6130 RUSSELL, F.E. Stechrochenverlet- Contr. Cent., U.S. Dept. HIth. . -zungen'und lhre Ursachen. Arch. Ed. Wifr., P.H.S., January-Fischereiwiss 13, 73, 1962. February, 1967.
6131 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous animals 6143 RUSSELL, F.E. Pharmacology ofand their toxins. London Times animal venoms. Clin. Pharm.Sci. Rev., Autumn, p. 10, 1963. Ther. 8, 849, 1967.
6132 RUSSELL, F.E. Injuries by venom- 6144 RUSSELL, F.E. Poisons and venoms.ous animals. Ann. int. Med. 61, In, Fish Physiology. Hoar, W.S.803, 1964 (Abst.). and Randall, D3.. (eds.),
Academic N.Y., Vol. 3, p. 401,6133 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous animals 1969.
and their toxins. Ann. Rept.Smithsonian Inst., p. 477,71996. 6145 RUSSELL, F.E. Pharmacology of
toxins of marine origin. In,6134 RUSSELL, F.E. Marine toxins and International Encyclopedia of
venomous and poisonous marine Pharmacology & Therapeutics.animals. In, Advances in Marine Raskova, H. (ed.), Pergamon:B . Russell, F.S. (ed.), Aca- Oxford, Sect. 71, Vol. 2, p. 3, '
iemic: London, Vol. 3, p. 330, 1971.1965.
4146 RUSSELL, F.E. Poisonous Marine6135 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous and poi- Animals. TFH Publications:
sonous marine animals and their Neptune City, N.J., 1971.toxins. First Intern. Amer. -7_:Naval Res. Corf., San Juan, July 6147 RUSSELL, F.E. Venom poisoning.26, 1965. Rational Drug Ther. 5, 1, 1971.
6136 RUSSELL, F.E. Weever-fish stings. 6148 RUSSELL, F.E. The stingray. Nat-Br. med. J. (2), 1043, 1965. ural history, venom apparatus,
chemistry and toxicology, and6137 RUSSELL, F.E. Injuries by venom- clinical problem. Mote Mar.
ous animals. Amer. J. Nursing Lab., Sarasota, Fla., Aug. 1972.66, 1322, 1966."
331
6149 RUSSELL,, F.E. Venomous a.imal stingray, Urobatis halleri. Arctr. .. ,. -
Injuries. In, Current Problems in intern. Physiol. 62 322, 1954; see .Pediatrics. Gluck, L. (ed.), Year also In, Venoms. Buckley, e.E.Book M~edical Publ. Chicago, and Porges, N. (eds.), A.A.A.S.:VoL, 3, p. 1, 1973. Washington, p. 33, 1956.
6150 RUSSELL, F.E. Poisonous and yen- 6159 RUSSELL, F.E. and LEWIS, R.D.omous marine animals and their Evaluation of the current statustoxins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sd. of therapy for stingray injuries.245 37, 1975. In, Venoms. Buckley, E.E. and
Porges, N. (eds.), A.A.A.S."6151 RUSSELL, F.E. Stingray injuries. Washington, p. '3, 1936.
(Letter) Med. 3. Aust. I 971,1977. 6160 RUSSELL, F.E. and LONG, T.E. The
effect of venoms on neuro-6152 RUSSELL, F.E. Venomous bites and muscular transmission. In,
stings. In, Merck Manual. 13th Myasthenia Gravis. Viets, 3.R.edit., Berkow, R. (ed.), Merck, (ed.), C.C. Thomas: Springfield,Sharp & Dohme: Rathway, N.3., 1I1., p. 101, 1960.p. 1982, 1977.
6161 RUSSELL, F.E., BARRIT, W.C. and61.53 RUSSELL, F... Hazardous marine FAIRCHILD, M.D. Electrocar-
life. Part 1: venomous marine diographic patterns evoked byanimals. Hyperb. underseas venom of the stingray. Proc. Soc.Med. 1., 1, 1978. exp. Biol. Med. 96, 634, 1957.
61A RUSSELL, F.E. Venom poisoning: 6162 RUSSELL, F.E., CARLSON, R.W.snakes, arthropods and marine and SCHAEFFER, R.C. Studiesanimals. Emergency Medicine on the scorpionfishes. ONR Prog."Symposium III, Univ. Calif., San Rept. ACR-178, August 1971Diego, 1978"1. (Abst.).
61.3 RUSSELL, F.E. wnd BOHR, V.C. 6163 RUSSELL, F.E., FAIRCHILD, M.D.Intraventricular injection of yen- and MICHAELSON, •. SomeoMs. Toxicol. appl. Pnarmacol. properties of the venom of theS165, 1962; see also Fed. Proc. stingray. Med. Arts Sci. 12', 78,
319, 1%1 (Abst.). 1958.
6156 RUSSELL, F.E. and CARLSON, 616 RUSSELL, F.E., O'BRIEN, B.A. andR.W. Marne rgaism. I, INBAD.I Veomsandneuro-
Biology Data Book. Altman, muscular transmission. TenthP.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (eds.), Pac. Sci. Congr., p. 455, 1961F.A.S.E.B.: Washington, p. 726, (Abst.).1973.
6165 RUSSELL, F.E., CARLSON, R.W.,6157 RUSSELL, F.E. and EMERY, 3.A. SCHAEFFER, R.C. and BIG-
Venom of the weevers Trachinus GERS, R.D. Properties of thedraco and Trachinus vipera venom of the sculpin ScorpaenaAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 9 805, puttata. 2nd Intern. Symp. Ani-1963. mal Iloxins,,Tel Aviv, p. 75, 1970;
see also Toxicon 8, 14T9, 19706158 RUSSELL, F.E. and VAN HARRE- (Abst.).
VELD, A. Cardiovascular ef-fects of the venom of the round
0332
?0
t1l6 RUSSELL, F.E., PANOS, T.C., 6173 SAUNDERS, P.R. Venom of theKANG, L.W., WARNER, A.M. stonefish Synanceja verrucosa.iand COLKET, T.C. Studies on Science 129, 272, 1959.the mechanism of death fromstinay venom. A report of two 6176 SAUNDERS, P.R. Pharmacologicalfatal cases. Amer. 3. med. Sc. and chemical studies of the233ý 566, 1953. venom of the stonefish (Genus
Synanceja) and other scorpion-6167 RUSSELL, F.E., SMITH, D.5., fishes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90,
CAYER, M. and GONZALEZ, H. 734, 1%0.iBehavior, ecology and toxicity ofvenomous marine fishes. ONR 6177 SAUNDERS, P.R. and LIFTON, S.E.Prog. Rept. ACR-223, p. 91, Sting by a venomous lionfish. U.S.1978 (Abst.). Armed Forces rmed. 3. 11, 224,
611R 1960.S61681 RUTAD, A.D. Funn av fjesing
(Trachinus draco L.) i Trond- 6178 SAUNDERS, P.R. and TAYLOR, P.B.heimsfjorden. Det. norske vid- Venom of the lionfish Pteroisýensk. Selsk. Aarsberen., p. 17, volitans. Amer. 3. Physiol. 197,'94. -457, 1939.
6169 SACCHI, M. ulla struttura degll 6179 SAUNDERS, P.R. and TOKES, P.R..organl del veleno della Scot- Purification and properties of the%e.Mna* Boll. gus. Zool. Genova lethal fraction of the venom of
S', .the stonefish Synanceja horridaS l. (Linnaeus). Biochem. Biophys.
6170 SAL'NIKOV, M.N. [The clinical pic- Acta 2, 527, 1961., iture and treatment of sea scor-
'pion bites.] Vrach. Dyelo bj 865, 6130 SAUNDERS, P.R., ROTHMAN, S.,1 19"6. MEDRANO, V.A. and CHIN, H.P.
Cardiovascuzar actions of venom6171 SANCHEZ LABRADOR, 3. F Para- of the stonefish Svnancela hor-
'guay NaturRL, manuscrito in- rid&. Amer. 3. tESao2O,.idito. Roma. Archivo de la 192.
iXIV art 1. El Paragyay Catol- 6181 SAVILLE-KENT, W. The Great Bar-co, La iata 1, 14, i910. rier Reef of Australia. W.H.
XA1en & Co., Ltd.: London, 387p.,6172 SANTELLI, A. Quelques corisidogra- 1900.
*.. itiors m6dicales sur le poste de,Dakar. Thkýse, Fac. Mkd. Mont- 6132 SAVTSCHENKO, P. tPoisoning bypellier 78, 37, 1377. fish.] Med. Pribavi., Spb., p. 55,
Sept. 1882.. 6173 SAUNDERS, P.R. Venom of the
stonefish 2_nanceja horrida (Lin- 6183 SAVTSCHENKO, P. An Atlas of•naus). FR. Proc. 174 , 1958; Poisonous Fishes: Svmotoms Pro-see also Arch. intern. Pharma- duced by Them and Thtrapeuzic
S12 9.5, T959. A s. I V.S. 'ýalashey" St..etersoturg, 55p., 1836.
6174 SAUNDERS, P.R. Venoms of scor-* pionfishes. Proc. west. pharma- 6184 SAWAYA, P. A .,,re"vgo das gland-
col. Soc. 2, 47, 1959. uWas cutgneas Se I2Pannulatus. Univ. SZo Paulo Bol
333
.Fe. flls., den. letras zool. 4, (Pterois). Arch. Schiffs-u.207tl . 1908.
6185 SAWAYA, P. Toxic marine inverte- 6194 SCHNEE. Drei Fille van Verletz-* rbrates - venomous and noxious ungen durch den giftigen Fisch
"fishes of fresh water. Mem. (Synaneia nuiu). Arch. Schiffs-inst. Butantan Simp. Internac. u. Tropenhy---2 312, 1911.&., 31, 19 (pub. 1963h see
Simp. Internee. Venenos 6193 SCHOMBURGK, R. Travels in Brit-Animals, Sao Paulo, p. 3, 1966 ish Guiana During the Years 1840-(Abet.). 1844. Vol. 1i, Leipzig, 1849." ' GRE4 W.E. (transl.), Georgetown,
6186 SCHAEFFER, R.C., 3R. The chem- 1923.Istry and physiopharmacology ofSuorta ta venom. 61% SCHRElBeR, 3. Ueber Fischver-Teincs, Univ. South. 1if., 170. giftung. Bert. kdin. Wschr. 21,
161, 183, 164.6117 SCHAeFFER, R.C., CARLSON,
R.W. and RUSSELL, F.E. Stud- 6197 SCHULMANN, E. and RAVIER, 3.L.la on the venom of the Calif- Paralysis ascendante mortelleornia scorplonfilh Scormena due vralsemblablement ' unetuttata Girard II. Proc. west. piqOre de vive (Trachinus draco).oharmaco:. Soc. 13. 112, 1970. Progr. m".. Par3 is44, 2190, 1929.
6188 SCHAE•PIA R.C., JR., CARLSON, 6198 SCHULTZ, L.P. The stingaree, muchR.W. and RUSSELL, F.E. Some feared dons of the seas. U.S.chem leal properties of the Nay11e-•a.kull. 42, 750, 19i47.venom of the scorplonflsh Scor-
n, Toxiconam 61"9 SCHULTZ, L.P. The Ways of Fishes.1971h 0. Van Nostrand: N.Y., 264p.,
61819 "CHtUER, P.3. Chemistry, of Mar-Sme Natural Products. Academ- 6200 SCHWANKOVSKY, F.3. Stingrayic: N.Y, 21, 1973. wounds, results and suggested
"tifnt aid. Long Beach Chapter6190 SCHMIDT, F.T. Om fJsingens Stik Amer. Red. Cross (brochure),
og Gftreudkaber. Nord. med. 1954iii ^rklv. _6, 1, 1s7 4.A. .6201 SCHWENG, E. Giftige Fische.
6 6g91 SCHMIDT, N. Zur Frage Ober die NachrichbL. Aqua. Terrar. 164,"Natur des Fischgiftes und dessen 1935.Wirkung auf den menschlichenund thierischen Organismus. 6202 SCOGGIN, C.H. Catfish stings.Verh. Congr. Med., 10th Berlin 3.A.M.A. 231, 176, 1975.
43 13' '6203 SCOTT, E.O.G. First Tasmanian
6192 SCHNACKENBECK, W. Fhschgifte record of the gulf gernet perch,und Fischvergiftungen. MUnch. Neosebastes panticus McCullochMed. Wschr. 90, 149, 19.' & Waite, 1918 (Scorpaenidae),
with reports of poisoning by this6193 SCHNIEI. Vorilutige Mitteilungen species and somec other Tasman-
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334
6204 SCOTT, H.H. Vegetal and fish poi- 6213 SKEIE, E. Problemer vedrogrendesoning. In, The Practice of Med- den giftige fisk fjaesing i Den-icine in the Tropics. Byam, W. mark. Nord. Med. 67, 429, 1962.anid Archibald, R.G. (eds.),
Frowde & Hodder & Stoughton: 6214 SKEIE, E. Fjaesingstik, symptoma-London, 1921. tologi, patogenese og behandling
samt folgetilstande. Nord. Med.6205 SEELEY, H.G. Class Pisces-fishes. 67, 435, 1962.
In, Cassell's Natural History.London, Vol. 5, p. 92, 1881. 6215 SKEIE, E. Fjaesingstik. Munksgaard:
Kobenhaven, 61p., 1965.6206 SETLIFF, 3.A., RAYNER, M.D. and
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Danish med. Bull. 13, 119, 1%6.6207 SILVADO, 3. Peixes nocivos da
Bahia do Rio de 3aneiro. 6217 SLUNIN, N.V. [On the poisonousImTxiei Nac.: Rio de J3.neiro, fishes of the Mediterranean Sea.]1911. Medits. Pribay. Morsk. Sborniku,
St. Petersburg 1, 269, 1892.6208 SIMMONS, 3.5., WHAYNE, T.F.,
ANDERSON, G.W. and HOR- 6218 SMITH, D.S., CAYER, M.L. andACK, H.M. Global .Eidemiol- RUSSELL, F.E. Membrane-M. 3.B. Lippincott: Fhilad-l- limited microtubular aggregates
phia, 46 3p., 1944. In the venom secreting cells of astingray. Toxicon 12, 331, 1974.
6209 SKEIe, e. Weeverfish toxin.Extraction methods, toxicity 6219 SMITH, D.S., CAYER, M.L., RUSS-determinations and stability ELL, F.E. and RUBIN, R.W. Theexaminations. Acta Pathol. fine structure of stingray venom-Microbiol. Scand. L5, 16, 1962. secreting cells. 5th Intern. Symp.
Animal, Plant, Microbial Toxins,6210 SKEIC, C. Weeverfish toxin. Some ' Costa Rica, p. 2, Aug. 1976
physico-chemical and immuno- (Abst.).logical observations. ActaPathol. Microbiol. Scand. 56, 6220 SMITH, D.S., CAYER, M.L., RUSS-'229, 1962. ELL, F.E. and RUBIN, R.W. Fine
structure of stingray spine6211 SKEIE, E. Toxin of the weeverfish epidermis with special reference
(Trachinus draco). Experimental to a unique microtubuJlar corn-studies on animals. Acta Pharm- ponent of venom secreting cells.acol. Toxicol. 19, 107, 1962. In, Toxins. Animal, Plant and
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weeverfish (Trachinus draco).]Meddeleiser fra Danmarks Fisk- 6221 SMITH, 3.L.B. A case of poisoning byeri-og Havund.rs•e._er 3'"27, the stonefish, S wanceia ver-.1962. rucosa. Copeia 3, 207, 1951.
335
3W222 MITH, 3.L.&. Two rapid fatalities 6232 SPITZLY, J3.. Acute poisoning by ,fron stondish stabs. Copeja (3), Trachinus vi ra in Normandy.24%, L957. Br. med. 3. 1T 15,1910.
6223 SMITH, 3.L.Z. The Sea Fishes of 6233 STA"KES, E.C. The skates and raysSouthern Africa. Central ew of California with an account of'Agency, Ld pe Town, O0p., the rat fish. Calif. Fish Game 4,19A0 530p.9 196l. 1, 1918.
62U4 5OROKNI' M. Medical hazards of 6234 STARKES, E.C. The primarythe coral reef. Tram. R,. Soc. shoulder girdle of the bony fishes.trop. Med. Hyg.9,I173. Stanford Univ. Publ. Biol. Ser. 6,
1, 1930.6225 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Notes on stings6FA
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0,ur Waters. W. Broofst Sydney,6226 SOUITHCOTT, R.V. Venomou and 21.
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-- I
6242 TAFT, C.H. Poisono" marine ani- Giftigkeit. VT. O~ber den Giftap-maLs. Texas Rept. Biol. Med. 3, parat bei Erosa erosa (Langsdorf).339, 1945. Yokohama med. Bull. 5, 118,
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Dermatol. Venereol. 34, 64, i960.6257 TANGE, Y. Beitrag zur Kenntnis
der Morphologie des Giftap- 6267 TINKER, S.W. Hawaiian Fishes. 4parates bei den japanischen Tong Publ. Co.: Honolulu, 444p.,Fischen. XV. Ober den Giftap- 194.paratbel Plotosus anguillaris"")Yokohama med. 6268 TIRANT, G. Oeuvre ichthyoJogiqueBull. 64 24, 1955. de G. Tirant. Excurs. et Reconn.,
9-10 1385; reprinted: Notes sur6253 TANGE, Y. Beitrag zt Kenntnls le' poissons de la Basse-
der Morphologie des Giftappara- Cochinachine et du Cambodge.tes bel den japani3chen Fischen. Note Sta. Marit. Cauda, Serv.XVI. Zussammenfassende Be- Oc o. Pkches Indochine 6, 95,t'achtung Ober den Giftapparat. 1929.Yokohama med. Bull. &_ 62,1957. 6269 TOMLIN, E.W.F. The Ainu: their
history and culture. _. Roy.62"9 TANGE, Y. Beitrag zur Kenntnis Cent. Asian Soc. 53. 297, 1966.
der Morphologie des Giftappara-tes hei den japanischen Fischen. 6270 TOYOSHIMA, T. tSerological studyXVII. Ober die Entwicklungs- of toxin of the fish Plotosus
schlchte des Giftapparates bei laris Lac6Mpde.3 :e Giftfischen. Yokohama Protoz. Soc. 6, 45, 1913.med/. Bull. _8, 127, 195f. -. 6271 TUMA, V. Les glandes veneneuses
6260 TASCHENBERG, E.O. Die giftigen chez la rasczsee (Scorpaena p •Tlere. Ferdinand Enke: Stutt- cus L.). Acad. Tcheque Sci. Bull.gut, p. 262, 1944. Internat. Rds. Tray. Present, U.
Sci. Mat., Nat. MLd. 28, 153,6261 TAYLOR, P.B. The venom and 1927.
ecology of the California scor-pionfish Scorpaena g Gir- 6272 TWEEDIE, M.W.F. Poisonous Ani-ard. Thesis, Univ. Calif., San mals of Malaya. Malaya Pubi. JDiego, 13 8p., 1963. House: Singapore, 90p., 1941.
6262 TENISON-WOODS, 3.E. Fish and 6273 TYBRING, 0. Poisonous fish. Bull.Fisheries of New South Wales. U.S. Fish. Comm. 6, 148, 1887.Thomas Richards: Sydney, 1882.
338
6274 ULMER. Tod durch den Stich eines 6285 WALFORD, L.A. Marine GameTrachinus draco. A1g. Mill. Fishes of the Pacific Coast fromKrztl Ztg., Wien 6, 329, 1865. Alaska to the Equator. Univ.
"Calif. Press: Berkeley, 205p.,6275 VALLI, V. Antimalarial campaign, 1937.
1926-1927. Riv. malariol. 7,104, 1928. 6286 WALLACE, L.B. The structure and
development of the axillary gland6276 VELLARD, 3. Venin des raees of Batrachus. J. Morph. 8, 563,
(Taeniura) du Rio Araguaya 1893.r-il).F C.R. Acad. Sci. 192,
1279, 1931. 6287 WASSERMAN, G.S. and JOHNSON,R.M. Poisoning from a lionfish -.
6277 VELLARD, J. Le venin des raies de sting. 1 et. hum. Toxicol. 5, 344,L'Arazuaya. Ann. Acad. Braz. 1979.Sci.._ 155, 1934.
6288 WEBER, M. and DE BEAUFORT, L.F.6275 VELLARD, Cuatro conf erencias The Fishes of the Indo-Australian
sobre animales venenosos dic- Archipelago. E.J. Brill: Leiden,tadas en 1943 en el Museo p. 2, 1913.Argentino de Ciencias Naturalesy en la Facultad de Ciencias 6289 WENT, A.E.J. The greater weever,Midicas de Buenos Aires. Inst. Trachinus draco L., in IrishUniv. Paris en Buenos Aires, waters. Irish nat. j. 10, 332, 1952.77p., 1944.
6290 WENT, A.E.3. The greater weever,6279 VERNONI, G. [Effect of intraperit- Trachinus draco Cuv. from the
oneal or subcutaneous injection coast of County Cork. Irish nat.on the toxicity of poisons Sper- _. 11, 136, 1954.imentale 79, 23, 1925.
6291 WHITLEY, G.P. Ichthyological6280 VICTORIA FISH & GAME DEPT. miscellanea. Mem. Queensland
Poisonous and harmful fishes of Mus. LO, 8, 1930.Victoria. Fish. Circ. Vict. 26 HG Fra1959. 6292 WHITLEY, G.P. Fishes. Great Bar-
rier Reef Expedition 1928-1929.6281 VIQUEZ, S.C. Animales venenosos Sci. Rept. 4, 306, 1932.
de Costa Rica. San "osd, CostaRica 313p., 1935; (2nd edit., 6293 WHITLEY, G.P. The fishes of Aus-.1940;. tralia. Part 1, sharks and rays,
devil fish, and other primitive6282 VON FRANQUE, A. Vergiftungs- fishes of Australia and New
zufiile nach dem Genussse der Zealand. Roy. zool. Soc. New S.Eier der Barbe (Cyprinus barbus). Wales, p. 200, 1940.Deut. Klin. 10, 133, 1858; seealso J. Kinderkr. 526, 1859. 6294 WHITLEY, G.P. Venomous fishes.
Fish. News Lett. 2, 7, 1943.6283 WAINSCHEL, 2. Spiders, scorpions
and fish. Med. WId. News, Sept. 6295 WHITLEY, G.P. Poisonous and15, 12G, 1972. harmful fishes. Bull. Counc. sci.
indust. Res. 159, 28, 943..
6284 WALFORD, L.A. Sharks and Raysof California. Fish. Bull., Calif.Fish Game (60), 1935.
339
.-9
"6296 WHTLEY, G.P. The fishes of New 6308 WUTH, E.U. On fish-poison. Aust. L!K-Guinea. Aust. Mus. Mag.j, 141, med. 3.(22)273, 1877.
6309 YONGE, CAIM A Year on the Great6297 WHITLEY, G.P. Solvol Fish Book. Barrier ReeL The Story of Corals
Sydney, I8p., 149. and of te Greatest of Their --
"Creations. Putnam: London,629 .WHITLEY, G.P.: Dangerous Austral- 2 6p 1930. I
"lan fishes. Proceedings FirstIntern. Convention Life Saving 6310 ZAHN, C. Rattlesnake of the sea.Tech. SuppO. Bull. Post Grad Natur. Hist. 51 100, 1943.Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney, -131p., 1963. 6311 ZAMMIT, L More about weever fish 0
and their toxic stings. St. Luke's6299 WHITLEY, G.P. and BOARDMAN, Hap, Gaz. 9, 108, 1974.
W. Quaint creatures of a coralIsle. Aust. Mw. Mag. 3, 366, 6312 ZIPRKOWSKI, L' and SHEWACH-1929. MILLET, M. Trauma caused by
the sting of a fish, Trachinus6300 WHITLEY, G.P. and HALSTED, B.W. araneus Cur. Z. Harefuah 65, 219,
An annotated bibliography of the 1963.poisonous and venomous fishes ofAustralia. Rec. Aust. Mus. 23, 6313 ZLOTKIN, E. Chemistry of animal211, 1953. venoms. Experientia 29, 1453, -
1973.6301 WIENER, S. Stone-fish sting and its
treatment. Med. 3. Aust. (2),218, 1933.L
6302 WIENER, S. Observations on the -venom of the stone fish _____n
c e rachyjis)h , Med. 3. Aust., 620, 19-5.9.
6303 WIENER, S. The production andassay of stone-fish antivenene.Med. 3. Aust. (2), 715, 1959.
6304 WIENER, S. Stonefish venom.Prcc. First Intern. ConventionLife Saving Techn~iques. Suppl.Bull. Post Grad. Comm. Med.,Univ. Sydney, p. 28, 1963.
6305 WIENER, S. A case of stone-fishsting treated with ant.,venene.Med. 3. Aust. (1), 191, 1965.
6306 WOODWARD, H. Discovery of poi-son organs in fishes. Intellect.Observ. 5, 253, 1864.
6307 WRIGHT-SMITH, R.3. A case offatal stabbing by stingray. Med.3. Aust. (2), 466, 1945. ._
340
F"i. CHAPTER XI
SEA SNAKES
The venomous see snakes are composed of two families, theHydrophiidae, or true sea snakes, and the Laticaudae, or sea kraits. Thereare approximately 60 marine and one fresh water species. One species,"Pelamis platurus, ranges from the west comst of Latin America to thePacific and Indian Oceans and the east cria•t of Africa. In general, seasnakes inhabit coastal waters, particularly near the mouths of rivers. Sincethey require air, sea snakes live at depths from which they can reach theocean bottom yet gain the surface for air. Like the terrestrial elapids, theyhave two small fangs situated in the anterior upper jaw. The venom isproduced in the venom glands and transferred to the fangs by means ofvenom ducts, as in other venomous snakes. More than 20 species of seasnakes have been Implicated in bites on humans.
Although some terrestrial venomous snakes may frequently be found inmarine waters, references to these have not been cited in this text. The
S reader. is referred to citation 605 for a discussion of the sea snakes.
341
S•.
6316 ABE, T. and TAMIYA, N. Immuno- 6327 ANSON, G. Voyape Round the World 6logical studies on erabutoxin b, a in the Years 1740-4. Walter,.sea snake toxin. attempts t- (ed.), 3ohn & Paul Knapton: Lon-locate the amino acid residues don, 174.0.determining antigenicity. Toxi-
. con 17, 571, 1979. 6328 ARAI, H. and TAMIYA, N. tlnvesti-637A N Pgation of sea snake venom pro-6317 ANON. Poisonous snakes of Central tein.- Proc. Tampaku Kozo
and South America. Inf. Bull. No. Toro"kai, Fukuoka, 1965.21, Hdqtrs., Army Air Forces,Orlando, Florida, 1945. 6329 ARAI, If., TAMIY, N., TOSHIOKA,
S., SHINONAGA, S. and KANO,6318 ANON. Poisonous snakes of Europe, R. Studies on sea-snake venoms.
Africa and Near East. Inf. Bull. I. Protein nature of the neuro-No. 22, Hdqtrs., Army Air Forces, toxic component. 3. Biochem.Orlando, Florida, 1945. Tokyo 56, 568, 1964.
6319 ANON. Poisonous snakes of South- 6330 BAGNLS R., BERGLUND, F., ELIAS,eastern Asia. Wnf. Bull. No. 23, P.S. et al. Problems of toxicantsHdqtrs., Army Air Forces, Orlan- in mar-ine food products 1. Marinedo, Florida, 1945. biotoxins, Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org.
!2, 69, 1970.6320 ANON. Poisonous snakes of Aus-
tralia, New Guinea and the Pad- 6331 BANERJEE, S., DEVI, A. andfic Islands. Inf. Bull. No. 24, COPLEY, A.L. Studies of actionsHdqtrs., Army Air Forces, Orlan- of snake veoms on blood coagula-do, Florida, 1945. tion. ff. Electrophoretic analysis ** -
of venoms of Viperidae, Crotali-6321 ANON. Plenary session: report of "B" dae, Elapidae and Hydrophidae.
group. Proc. First Intern. Con- Thromb. Res. 3, 451, 1973.vention Life Saving Techniques,Part 3, Sci. Sect. Bull. Post Grad. 6332 BARBER, D.W., 3R., PUFFER, H.W.,Comm. Med., Univ. Sydney, Aus.- TAMIYA, N. and SHYNKAR, T.P.tralia, p. 121, 1963. Aspects of the neuromuscular
activity of sea snake venom.6322 ANON. Venomous sea ¾,kes. Proc. west. Pharmacol. Soc. 17,
3.A.M.A. 193, 1133, 1963 235, 197. 7..
6323 ANON. Sea snake venom structure 6333 BARME, M. Studies of poisonous seaprobed. Chem. eng. News 49, 25, snakes (Hydrophiidae) of Viet-1971. Nam. Bull. Soc. path. exot. 51,
258, 196324 ANON. Ancient hazard--snakebite 0
-still a problem. 3.A.M.A. 225, 6334 BARME, M. Contribution • l'tude1295, 1973. des serpents marins venimeux
Hydrophiidae du Viet Nam. Bull.6325 ANON. Water, water everywhere. Soc. Pathol. exot. 51, 258, i93-.
Emerg. Med. 5, 108, 1973.6335 BARME, M. Serpents marins veni- 0
6326 ANON. Chinese Poisonous Snakes meux (Hydrophiidae) et leursand the Prevention and Cure o! venins. Rapp. Fonct. tech. Inst.Snakebites. Shanghai Peoples Pasteur, Saigon, p. 52, 1960.Publ. Co.: Shanghai, 349p., 1974.
3
342-.
3•2 ....
6336 BARME, N. Venomous sea snakes of 6344 BE-RING, E.V. Die GiftschlangenViet Nam and their venoms. In, der Erde. N4. -Ewert Universi-Venomous and Poisonous Animals it-ts- und Verlags-Buchhandlungand Noxious Plants of the Pacific Marbug/Lahn, 464p., 1963.
R ion. Keegan, H.L. ana ac-fa-rlane, W.V. (eds.), Pergamon: 6345 BEIRDRAGER, J. Een geval vanOxford., p. 373, 1963. massale schildpadvergiftiging in
Nw. Guinee. Geneesk. Tijdschr.6337 BARME, M. Venomous sea snakes Ned.-Ind. 76, 1933, 1936.
(Hydrophiidae). In, VenomousAnimals and Their Venoms Vol. I, 6346 BHIDE, M.B. and BI-wDE, S.B. Neuro-Venomous Vertebrates. Buchers , muscular blockade by venom ofW., Buckley, E. and Deulofeu, V. Hydrophis cyanocinctus. Indian(eds.), Academic: N.Y., p. 285, Pharmacol. Soc. 4th Symp., 12,1968. K1976 (Abst.).
6338 BARME, .. and DETRAIT, P. Etude 6347 BIEBER, A.L. Purification andde a op tion des venins des chemical characterization of theHydrophids C.R. Acad. Sci. major neurotoxin from the venom248, 312, 1959. of Pelamis platurus. Biochem-
istry 14, 3408, 1975.6339 BARME, M. and MEAUME, s. A sea-
snake from New Caledonia: Lati- 634 BOKMA, H. Doodlijke VergifVtigingcauda colubrina, and its venom, door den beet van een Zeesland
n.i Bueint, .Venom. Anim SDo Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin).P(eo. 7a,1966 (pubN. 1962). Geneesk. Ti.dschr. Ned.-Ind. 81,
1926, 1941.6340 BARME, M., HURAD, M. and
NGUYEN, X.M. Preparation dun 6349 BOKMA, H. Nog eens een beet vanserum antivenin dhydrophides. een zeeslang. Geneesk. Tiidschr.Premier essais t2rapeutiques. Ned.-lInd. 82, 87, 1942.A. Inst. Pasteur, Paris 102 497,S,1962. 65 OAOR oiiyo ot
Rican snake venoms for the white6341 BAXTER, E.H. and GALLICHIO, mouse. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg.
H.A. Cross-neutralization by 21, 360, 1972.tiger snake (Notechis scutatus)antivenene and sea snake enom. 6351 BOLANOS, R., FLORES, A. anddrina schistosa) antivenene TAYLOR, R.T. Color patterns,against several sea snake venoms. venom yields, and toxicity inToxicon 12, 273, 1974. Pelalis platurus. A m. Soc.
Icothyol. Herp. 53rd Ann. Meet.,6342 BAXTER, E.HU. and GALLIHdO, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1973
HNA. N, Protection against sea (Abst.).snake envenomation: compara-tive potency of four antivenenes. 6352 BOLAnOS, R., FLORES, A., TAhY-Toxicon 14, 347, 1976. LOR,rR.-. 7and CERDAS,L. Color
patterns and venom character-6343 BECKE, L. Venomous sea-snakes. In, istics in Pelamis platurus. Copeia
'NeaTh Austral Skies. Becke, L. 4, 909, 1974.(ed.), J. Milne: London, p. 305,1909. 6353 BOQANET, P. Venins de Ser t nts.
(Special Communication), P.P.Grasse: Paris, 122p., 1963.
343
SToico L• 23, 97. Plams latrus A. Sc.-'',-.
V / v/•V
6 P." Venns de serpents. In, 63.,2 BUCKLAND, F. Sea-snake caught in,Tat deZolge Grassd, P.P. telegraph submarine wire. Land- d.),Ma~sson&Cie: Paris vol. 14, and Water (London) p. 414, Nov.p. r9,• 1970. 15, 1879.
655 BOQUET, P.* DUMAREY, C. and 6363 BURNE, 3.A. The action of erabu-JOSEPH, D. Nouvelles recherch- toxin b in the cerebral cortex:es sur Ilantigenicitd des protfines evidence for :hrt latency poten-toxiques des venins d'Elapidae et tially nicot-r.,: neurones. Lifed'Hydrophidae. C.R. Hebd. Sci. 23. 773, 1978.Scant.. Acad. Sci, Paris -'!i?Ser.es D ., 2 c39, 1 a7is 6364 BURNE, 3.A. and WEBSTER, M.E.
Seris ',2q39 1The action of erabutoxin b on
6356 BOQUET, P., DUMAREY, C. and spontaneous and glutamate-JOSEPH, D. The problem of the induced cortical activity. Lifeantigenicity of some short toxins Sci. 20. 2023, 1977.of Elapidae and Hydrophidae ven-oms. Inn, Toxins. Animal, Plant 6365 BURNS, B. and PICKWELL, G.V.and Microbial. Rosenberg, P. Cephalic glands in sea snakes ;A
. (ed.), Pergamon: Oxford, p. 71, (Pelamis, Hydrophis, and Lati-1978. caudal. Copeia 3., 547, 1972.
6357 BOQUET, P, IZARD, Y. and RONS- 6366 BYRNE, K. Injuries and diseases inSERAY, A.M. An attempt to Australia attributable to animals.
* classify by serological techniques Med. 3. Aust. (2), 539, 1924.the toxic proteins of low molecu-lar weight extracted from Elapi- 6367 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Lesdae and Hydrophidae venoms. 3. Animaux Venimeux et Ia Sro-Formosan med. Assoc. 71 307• thdrapie Antivenimeuse. Masson
.1972. & Cie: Paris, 396p., 1907.
6353 BOQUET, P., MEAUME, 3. and 6368 CALMETTE, A. Venoms. VenomousVACHON, M. Morsures et Piq- Animals and Antivenomous
Gres cfAnimaux Venimeux Ter- Serum-Therapeutics. 3ohn Bale, , '-,restres. 84p., 1968. Sons & Danielsson: London, 1908.
6359 BOQUET, P., IZARD, Y., DUMAR- 6369 CAMPBELL, C.H. Clinical aspectsEY, C. and DITRAIT, 3. Antigen- of snake bite in the Pacific area.icite et pouvoir immunogbne des Toxicon 7, 25, 1969.toxines extraites des veninsd'Elapidae et d'Hydrophiidae. 6370 CAMPBELL, C.H. The effects ofExperientia 29, 1467, 1973. snake venoms and their neuro-
toxins on the nervous system of6360 BOQUET, P., POILLEUX, G., man and animals. In, Topics on
DUMAREY, C., IZARD, Y. and Tropical Neurology. Hornabrook,RONSSERAY, A.-M. An attempt R.W° (ed.), F.A. Davis: Philadel-to classify the toxic proteins of phia, p. 259, 1975.Elapidae and Hydrophidae yen-oms. Toxicon 11, 333, 1973. 6371 CAMPBELL, C.H. 'Snake Bite, Snake
Venoms and Venomous Snakes of6361 BOURRET, R. Les serpents marins Australia and New Gui-nea. An
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Union Offset Co.: Canberra, 6380 CHANG, T.W. and TANG, N. Selec-222p., 1976. tion pressures on homologous
proteins of varied activities. -'-
6372 CANTOR, T. On pelagic serpents. Nature New Biol. 239, 207, 1972.Trans. Zool. Soc. 2, 303, 1841.
6381 CHANG, W.Y., LU, C.C. and TU, 06373 CAREY, 3.E. and WRIGHT, E.A. The T.C. Effect of the venom of a sea
toxicity and immunological prop- snake, Laticauda semifasciataerties of some sea-snake venoms (Reinwardt) on the capillarywith particular reference to that permeability in rabbits. 3.of Enhydrina schistosa. Trans. Formosan med. Assoc. 58, 740,Roy o. trop. Med. Hyg. S4 50, 1959.1960,. •T?-
6382 CHEYMOL, 3., BOURILLET, F. and6374 CAREY, 3.E. and WRIGHT, E.A. Iso- ROCH-ARVEILLER, M. Action
lation of the neurotoxic neuromusculaire des venins decomponent of the venom of the quelques Crotalidae, Elapidae etsea snake, Enhydrina schistosa. Hydrophiidae. Mem. Inst.Nature 185. 103, 1960. Butantan 33 541, 1966.
6375 CAREY, 3.E. and WRIGHT, E.A. The 6383 CHEYMOL, 3., BOURILLET, F. andsite of action of the venom of the ROCH-ARVEILLER, M. Veninssea snake Enhydrina schi:tosa. et toxines de serpents effetsTrans. Roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. neuromusculaires. Actual. Phar-55.,15?, i961. macol. 2•5, 179, 1972.
6376 CAREY, 3.E. and WRIGHT, E.A. 6384 CHEYMOL, 3., BOURILLET, F. andStudies on the fractions, of the ROCH-ARVEILLER, M. Actionsvenom of the sea-snake Enhydrina neuromusculaire de fractions iso-schistosa. Aust. 3. exp. Biol. med. lee de venins de serpents. In,Sci.#, 4027, 1962. Toxins of Animal and Plant
n. deVries, A. and Kochva, .'7-.
6377 CHAN, K.E. and GEH, S.L. E. (e.), Gordon & Breach: N.Y., -. i.Antagonism of intra-arterial vol. 2, p. 655, 1972.acetylcholine induced contrac-tion of skeletal muscle by sea 6385 CHEYMOL, 3., BARME, M., BOU-snake venom. Nature 213, 1147, RILLET, F. and ROCH-ARVEIL-1967. LER, M. Action neuromusculaire
de trois venins d'Hydrophiides.6378 CHAN, K.E. and CHANG, P. Normal Toxicon 5, 111, 1967.
ganglionic transmission in thepresence of acetylcholine block 6386 CHEYMOL, 3., TAMIYA, N., BOU-by sea snake (Enhydrina schistosa) RILLET, F. and ROCH-ARVEIL-venom. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 13, LER, M. Action neuromusculaire277, 1971. du venin de serpent matin "erabu"'
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6338 COGGER, H.G. Sea-snakes. Aust. agents: chemical and cellular cor-Mus. Mag. • 37, 1959. relates. In, Marine Pharmacog-
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6401 DOWLING, H., MINTON, S. and RUS-6391 COPLEY, A.L., BANER3EE, S. and SELL, F.E. Poisonous Snakes of r9
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6397 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY. 6405 DUGGAN, R.T. and LOFTS, B.Poisonous Snakes of the World. Adaptation to fresh water in theU.S. Govt. Print. Off. Washing- sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinc-ton, 176p., 1962. tus: tissue electrolytes and per-
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4U-2~31 97 1.6423 FOX, 3. and TU, AOT. Conforma-
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347
the venom of Lapernis curtus and6426 FRASER, T.R. ard ELLIOT, R.H. phannacoiaogicl charac--iza-
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L Schlangenbisse und ihreBehandlunajsnake bite and its 6436 GAWADE, S.P. and BHIDE, M.B.trestment. Acta TropicS 22, 11, Chromatographic separation ofS1965. venom of Enhydrina schistosa
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of metab In snake venoms for component. Ind. 3.med. Res. 67,hemorrhagc, esterase and prote- $34, 1973.oiytk activities. Biochem.Pharmacol. 29t 1549, 1971. 6437 GAWADE, S.P. and GAITONDi, B.B.
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Chromatographic separation of
349
6431 HALSTEAD, B.W., CARSCALLEN,6442 GESSNER, 0. Tierische Gifte. L.3. and RUSSELL, F.E. Animal
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6476 IVANOV, CH.P. AND IVANOV, Australian snake venoms 1. TheO.CH. The evolution and ances- curari-like actions on frogs.tors of toxic proteins. Toxicon Aust. 3. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 10,17, 205, 1979. 167, 1932.
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"696 TIJ, T. Toxicological studies on the 6703 TU, A.T. and PASSEY, R.B. Phospho-venom of the sea snake Laticauda lipase A from sea snake venomlaticaudata affinis. In, Animal and its biological properties. In,Toxins. RusseITTF.E. and --- i- Toxins of Animal and Planters, P.R. (eds.), Pergamon: Ox- Orixjn. DeYries, A. and Kochva, .ford, p. 245, 1967; see also E'(-.), Gordon & Breach: N.Y.,Toxicon 4, 296, 1967 (Abst.). p. 419, 1971.
"697 TU, A.T. Neurotoxins of animal 6706 TU, A.T. and SALAFRANCA, E.S.venomn, snakes. Ann. Rev. Bio- Immunological properties andchem. #2, 235, 197T. neutralization of sea snake
venoms (W). Am. 3. trop. Med.669 TU, A.T. Sea snake venoms and Hyg. -3,133, 9.
neurotoxins. 3. agric. food Chem.22, 36, 1974. 6707 TU, A.T. and TOOM, P.M. The
presence of L-leucyl-4-napthyl-66" TU, A.T. Sea snake investigation in amide hydrolyzing enzyme in
the Gulf of Thailand. 3. Herpetol. snake venoms. Experientia 233,8, 201, 1974. 439, 1967.
6700 Tu, A.T. Investigation of the sea 6708 TU, A.T. and TOOM, P.M. Isolation,nmake, Pelamis platurus (Reptilia, and characterization of the toxic
Serpentes, Hydrophiidae), on the component of the venom ofPacific Coast of Costa Rica, Enhydrina schistosa (common seaCentral America. 3. Heroetol. snake) venom. J. biol. Chem. 246,
1.00, 13, 1976. 1012, 1971.
6701 TU, A.T. and GANTHAVORN, S. 6709 TU, A.T. and TU, T. Sea snakes fromImmunological properties and Southeast Asia and the Far Eastneutralization of seasnake and their venoms. In, Poisonousvenoms from Southeast Asia. and Venomous Marine Animals of --
Am. 3. trop. Med. Hyg. L8, 151, the World, Vol. 3, Vertebrates.(Addenda-Reptilia). Halstead,B.W.(ed.),0U.S.Govt. Print. Off.:
6702 TU, A.T. and HOMMA, M. Toxicolog- Washington, p. 885, 1970.ical study of snake venom fromCosta Rica. Toxicoh a l. 6710 TU, A.T., HONG, B.-S. and SOLIE,Pharmacol. 16, 73, 1970. T.N. Characterization and chem-
ical modifications of toxins iso-6703 TU, A.T. and HONG, B.S. Purifica- lated from the venoms of the sea
tion and chemical studies of a snake, Laticauda semifasciata,toxin from the venom of Lapemis from Philippnes. Biochemistryhardwickii (Hardwick's sea 10, 1295, 1971.iia-eT 3. biol. Chem. 246, 2772,1971. 6711 TU, A.T., 30, B.H. and YU, N.-T.
Laser Raman spectroscopy of6704 TU, A.T. and PASSEY, R.B. Isolation snake venom neuratoxins; confor-
and characterization of phospho- mation. Intern. J. Peptidelipase A from Laticauda sere' Protein Res. 8, 337, 1976.fasciata venom. 2nd Ir 'in.ry'-m--.-Animal Toxins, Tel Aviv, 6712 TU, A.T., LIN, T.S. and BIEBER, A.L.p. 91, 1910 ('bst.). Furification and chemical char-
acterization of the major neuro-toxin from the venom of Pelamis
363
2:aturus. Biochemistry 14, 3408, 6720 UWATOKO-SETOGUCHI, Y., MINA-197.. MISHIMA, Y. and 080, F. Studies
on sea snake venom IV. Purifica-6713 TU, A.T., LIN, T.S. and YU, N.-T. tion of phospholipase A in Lati-
Laser Raman studies on sea snake cauda semifasciata venom. Actaneurotoxins. Fed. Proc. 33 1.564, U.Univ. Kagoshima 10 _2W.S1974 (Abst.). 196L :.
6714 TU, A.T., PASSEY, R.B. and TOOM, 6721 UWATOKO-SETOGUCHI, Y. andP.M. Isolation and characteriza- 080, F. Studies on sea snaketion of phospholipase A from sea venom. V. Some properties of 7jsnake, Laticauda semifasciata phospholipase A in Laticaudavenom. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. semifasciata venom. Acta Med.'140, 96, 1970. Univ. Kaxoshima II, 139, 1969.
6715 TU, A.T., PASSEY, R.& and TU, T. 6722 UWATOKO-SETOGUCHI, Y., NO-Proteolytic enzyme activities of MURA, Y. and KO3IMA, K. In-snake venoms. Toxicon , 59, vestigation of sea snake venom.1966. (II). Crystallization of toxic
compounds in sea snake (Lati-6716 TU, T., TU, A.T. andLIN, T.S. Some cauda semifasciata) venom. Acta
pharmacological properties of the Med. Univ. Kagoshima 8, 1.51,venom, venom fractions and pure 1966. "toxin of the yellow-bellied seasnake, Pelamis platurus. 3. 6723 UWATOKO-SETOGUCHI, Y., NO-Pharm. "iriiiicoEUT M, 1979. MURA, Y., KO3IMA, K. and 080,
F. Investigation of sea snake6717 TU, A.T., HONG, B.5., TOOM, P.M. venom. (1). Fractionation of sea
and TSERNOGLOU, D. Chemical snake (Laticauda sernifasciata)study of see snake venom toxins venom. Acta Med. Univ. 4
from three species in Southeast Kaaoshima , 141, 1966.Asia. In, Animal and PlantToxins/Tier d Pflanzengifte. 6724 VAN SIEGENBEEK HEUKELOM, A.Kaiser, E. (ed.), W. Goldmann: Doodellijke vergiftiging na hetMunich, p. 4., 1973; see also eten van een schildpad, gevangenToxicon 10 535, 1972 (Abst.). bij Billiton. Geneesk. Tiidschr.533, 1972 (Ned.-lnd.
76, 1945, 1936.6719 TU, T.C., LIN, MJ., YANG, H.M.,
LIN, H.3. and CHEN, C.N. Toxi- 672. VERRILL, A.H. Moeurs Etranges descrlopcal studies on the venom of Re tile Payot: Paris, p. 38,a sea snake, Laticauda colubrina1943.(Schneider). First report. J. For-mn-wan med. Assoc. 61., 1296, 6726 VICK, L.A. Plate XXXII-Venomous 7-,1962. sea snakes. (Summary of toxicity
studies). In, Poisonous and6719 UWATO•_O-SETOGUCHI, Y. Studies Venomous Marine Animals of the
on sea ,nake venom. (VI). Pharm- World, Vol. 3, Vertebrates.acologi:aJ properties of Lati- .. FA?'nda-Plates), Halstead,cauda semilasciata venom and B.W. (ed.), U.S. Govt. Print. Off.: -purification of toxic components, Washington, D.C., p. 974, 1970.acid phosphomonoesterase andphospholipase A in the venom. 6727 VICK, 3.A., VON BREDOW, 3.,Acta Med. Univ. Kagoshima 12, GRENAN, M.M. and PICKWELL,73, 1970. G.V. Sea snake antivenin and
364
experimental envenomation ther- 6736 WORRELL, E. Dangerous Snakes ofapy. In, The Biolog of Sea Australia and New Guinea. 4thSnakes. Duinson W.A. (ed.), Univ. edit., Halstead Press: Sydney,PUE-Press: Baltimore, Md., p. 1961.463, 1975.
6737 WORRELL, E. Reptiles of Australia.6728 VILLA, 3. Las Serpientes Venenosas Crocodiles - Turtles - Tortoises -
de Nicaragua. Novedades Mana- Lizards- Snakes. 2nd edit., Angusgua, p. 27, 1962. & Robertson: Sydney, 207p., 1970.
6729 VIQUEZ, S.C. Animales venenosos de 6738 YANG, C.C. Chemistry and evolu-Costa Rica. San 3ose, Costa tion of toxins in snake venoms.Rica, 313p., 1935; (2nd edit., Toxicon 12, 1, 1974.1940).
6739 YANG, T.Y. and LEE, C.-Y. Pharm-6730 VOLSOE, H. The sea snakes of the acological studies on the venom
Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of of a sea snake, Hydrophis cyano-Oman. Danish Sci. Invest. Iran, cinctus4 In, Toxins. Animal, Plant APt. 1, 9, 1939. and Microbia. osenberg, P.
(ed.), Pergamon: Oxford, p. 415,6731 WALKER, M.3.A. and YEOH, P.N. 1973.
The in vitro neuromuscular block-ing properties of sea snake (Enhy- 6740 YANG, T.Y., LIN, M.3. and TU, T.C.drira schistosa) venom. Europ. 3. Toxicological studies on the APharmacol. 28, 199, 1974•, venom of a sea snake, Laticauda
colubrida (Schneider). Third6732 WANG, C.L., LIU, C.S., HUNG, Y.O. report. J. Formosan med. Assoc.
and BLACKWELL, R.Q. Amino 62, 87, 1963.acid sequence of pelamitoxin a,the main neurotoyin of the sea 6741 YEOH, P.N. and WALKER, M.J.A.snake, Pelamis platurus. Toxicon Effect of a sea snake (Enhydrina14, 4•51, 1976. schistosa) venom on th i ganglion-
ic nicotinic actions of acetylcho-6733 WERLER, 3.E. and KEEGAN, H.L. line. 3. Pharm. Pharmacol. 26,
Venomous snakes of the Pacific 44l, 1174.area. In, Venomous and Poisonous AAnimals and Noxious Plants of the 6742 YOSHIDA, H., KUDO, T., SHINKAL,Pacific Region. Keegan, H.L. and W. and TAMIYA, N. Phosopholi-Macfarlane, W.V. (eds.), Perga- pase A of sea snake Laticaudamon: Oxford, p. 219, 1963. semifasciata venom. Isolation
and properties of novel forms6734 WEST, G.S. On the buccal glands and lacking tryptophan. 3. Biochem.
teeth of certain poisonous snakes. Tokyo .5, 379, 1979.Proc. zool. Soc. London 2, 407,1969. 6743 YU, N.T., LIN, T.S. and TU, A.T.
Laser Raman scattering of neuro-6735 WHITLEY, G. Dangerous Australian toxins isolated fromn the venoms
fishes. Proc. First Intern. of sea snakes L hardwickii jConvention Life Saving Tech- and Enhydrina schistosa. J. btol.niques. Part 3, Sci. Sect., Bull. Chem. 250, 1782. 1975.Post Grad. Comm. Med., Univ.Sydney, Australia, 131p., 1963. 6744 ZLOTKIN, E. Chemistry of animal
venoms. Experientia 29, 1453,1973. -u
365
%-
.F0
CHAPTER XII
MARINE MAMMALS
Citations in this chapter relate to the poisonous-marine mammals,mchiefly the seals and polar bears. As can be seen, there have been few
~ , original reports on the toxicity of marine mammalian tissues, which in most* ~cases is due to hypervitaminosis A. The classic work on the subject is that
by Rodahl (reference 6769).
~'366
6745 ABS, 0. Poisoning by the sea.Ernahrungs forschung. 3, 448, 6754 HALSTEAD, B.W. Dangerous Marine1958. Animals. Cornell Maritime Press:
Cambridge, Md., p. 134, 1959.6746 BAGNIS, R., BERGLUND, F., ELIAS, "
P.S. et al. Problems of toxicants 6755 HALSTEAD, B.W. Poisonous andin mariFi food products. I. Mar- Venomous Animals of the World, .ine biotoxins. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Vol. 3, Vertebrates. U.S. Govt.... 2, 69, 1970. Print. Off.: Washington, 1970.
6747 CALMETTE, A. Les Venins. Les 6756 HALSTEAD, B.W. Poisonous andAnimaux Venimeux et Ia SWro- Venomous Marine Animals of. the
" thdrapie Antivenimeuse. Masson World. Rev. edit., Darwin Press:& Cie: Paris, 396p., 1907. Princeton, N.J., 238p., 1978.
6748 CALMETTE, A. Venoms. Venomous 6757 HALSTEAD, B.W., CARSCALLEN,Animals and Antivenornous L.3. and RUSSELL, F.E. AnimalSerum-Therapeutics. John Bale, toxins. Part Il. Marine organisms.Sons & Danielsson: London, In, Biology Data Book. Altman,p. 223, 1908. P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (eds.),
F.A.S.E.B.: Washington, p. 336,6749 CAI'ZTER, T.D., HILL, J.E. and 1964.
TATE, G.H.H. Mammals of thePacific World. Macmillan: N.Y., 6758 HASHIMOTO, Y. Marine Toxins.227p., 1945. Univ. Tokyo Press: Tokyo, 1977.
675C CLELAND, 3.B. and SOUTHCOTT, 6759 HASHIMOTO, Y. Marine Toxins andR.V. Illnesses following the Other Bioactive Marine Metaoo-eating of seal liver in Australian lites. 3pn. Sc. Soc.: Tokyo,waters. Med. J. Aust. (1), 760, 369p., 1979.1969.
6760 HENNIG, R. Die 3ltesten literarisch-6751 CLELAN'D, J.B. and SOUTHCOTT, en Zeugnisse ffir eine Kenntnis
R.V. Hypervitaminosis A in the des EisbAren. Natur. Volk. 71,Antarctic in the Australian 361, 1941.Antarctic expedition of 1911-1914: a possible explanation of 6761 KOSSEL, H. Zur Kenntniss der Anti-the illnesses of Mertz and toxinwirkung. Berl. kin. Wschr.Mawson. Med. J. Aust. (1), 1337, 35, 152, 1898.1969.
6762 KROGH, A. and KROGH, M. A study -.6752 DYMSZA, H., SHIMIZU, Y., RUSS- of the diet and metabolism of
ELL, F.E. and GRAHAM, H.D. Eskimos undertaken in 1908 on anPoisonous marine animals. In, expedition to Greenland. Meddel.The Safety of Foods. Graham, om Gronland 51, 1, 1913.H.D. (ed.), Avi Pubi.: Westport,Conn., p. 625, 1980. 6763 LEWIS, R.W. and LENTFER, J.W.
The vitamin A content of polar6753 HALSTEAD, B.W. Animal phyla bear liver: range and variability.
known to contain poisonous Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 22, 923,marine animals. In, Venoms. 1967.Buckely, E.E.. and Porges, N.(eds.), A.A.A.S.: Washington, p. 9,1956.
3
367 '
S........
6764 MACGOWAN, 0.3. Porpoise poison. and Geffen, L.B. (eds.), AdelaideChina Imp. Customs Med. Rept. Univ. Union Press Adelaide, S.27, 12, 1834, Aust., p. 75, 1979.
6765 MIZUTA, M., ITOH, T., MURAKAMI, 6776 SOUTHCOTT, R.V., CHESTER-T. and MIZOBE, M. [Poisoning by FIELD, NJ. and LUGG, D.3.whale.) Nippon Iii Shimpo (1710), Vitamin A content of the livers of27, 1957. huskies and some seals from
Antarctic and subantarctic6766 OLESON, T.3. Polar bears in the regions. Med. 3. Aust. (1), 311,
Middle Ages. Can. Hist. Rev. 3.1, 1971.47t 193•0. 6777 STEFANSSON, V. The Friendly
6767 OLSEN, S. The polar bear. Alaska Arctic. Macmillan: N.Y., p. 479,Sportsman 26, 10, 1960. 1921.
6768 PHISALIX, M. Animaux Venimeux et 6778 STEFANSSON, V. Arctic Manual. "Venins. 2 vols., Masson & Cie= Macmillan: N.Y., p. 98, 109, 230, .N 1922. 282, 1944..
6769 RODAHL, K. The Toxic Effect of 6779 TALIZIN, F.F. [ Poisonous Animals ofPolar Bear Liver. A.W. Broggers the Land and Sea.] Moscow, p. 94,Boktrykkeri A/S: Oslo, 90p., 1949. 1970.
6770 RODAHL, K. and DAVIES, A.W.Vitamin A in seals. Biochem. 3.45•, 408•, 1949. ."T.'
6771 RODAHL, K. and MOORE, T. The -vitamin A content and toxicity ofbear and seal liver. Biochem. 3.37, 16, 1943.
6772 RUSSELL, F.E. Vitamin A content ofpolar bear liver. Toxicor 5, 61,1967. -,
6773 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. The neurologiceffects of noxious marine crea-tures. In, Contempary Neurol-ov kSeries. Hornabrook, R./.(ed.), F.A. Davis: Philadelphia,Vol. 12, p. 165, 1975.
6774 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Marine toxins.In, Handbook of Clinical Neurol-gy. Vinken, P.J. and Bruyn, G.W.
• ds.), North-Holland: Amster-dam, vol. 37, part 2, p. 27, 1979.
6775 SOUTHCOTT, R.V. Marine enveno-mation and intoxication in man.In, Neurotoxins. Fundamental andClinical Advances. Chubb, I.W.
368
0
AUTHOR INDEX
"A".. °. . -
AAHRENS, F.H. 4626.AIDA, K. 3959, 4575, 4641, .177..
ABBOTT, B.C. 434, 433, 436, 437, 309, 967, AIYAR, R.G. 446.*975, 976, 1148, 1179, 38*0, 3842. AKAIKE, N. 4832.
ABBOTT, D.P. 2057. AKASHI-, T. 3960.'ABBOTT, l.A. *38. AKAU, C.K. 4970.ABBOTT, N.J. 277,2791285.71 AKAU, R. 4971.
.AKIBA, T. 447, 448, 449, 450, 748, 2787,ABBUD, L. 2643. 2788, 2789, 2790, 2792, 3166, 3167,-ABDELBAKI, Y.Z. 6626. 3823.ABDEL-HAMID, M.E. 395. AKIYA, R. 2350.ABE, H. 6621, 6661. AKSENOVA, N.A. 2366, 4050.ABE, N. 1459. ALAM, M. 169, 451, 432, 453, 434, 951,ABE, R. 6469. 1084, 1140, 1141, 1143, 1144, 1143,ABE, T. 3948, 6316, 688, 6619, 6662. 1220,A3420, 3573.ABE, U. 3949. ALBAHARY, C. 170.ABEDB, Z.H. 439. ALBAHARY, -M. 3371.ABEL, E.F. 1460. ALBAREL, N. 2378.ABITA, R.-P. 1461, 2124, 2390, 3951. ALBUQUERQUE, EX. 3961, 4927. ,.. -. "-..ABRAHAM, R. 673, 871. ALCALA, A.C. 3730.ABRIC, M.P. 1462. ALDRICH, A.S. 1247.ABS, 0. 6743. ALDRICH, D.V. 455, 4561 , 101, 19,1020,ACEVES, J. 3932, 4381. 1182, 3476, 3477.ACHENBACH, G.M. 3723. ALDRIN, 3... 5144.ACKER, R.F. 800. ALOROVANDUS, U. 6.ACKERMANN, D. 167, 168, 1287, 1288, ALEEM, A.A. 632, 4.334.
1289, 1290, 1291, 1463, !464, 1465, A~ADJ 52
1466HA, 1467 168, 7146,170.41 ALMANA, A.C. 33720. '•""
AB4IC, M.. 1468, 1ALENDER, C.S. 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354,2782, 2783,2784. 2355, 2537, 2539, 4116, 4117, 4118.
ACRES, J3. 2783. ALEXANDER. 3962.ACTUARIUS. 1. ALFRED, E.R. 5573, 6079.ADACHI, R. 440, 441, 442, 745, 1277, ALLAN, J. 458, 459, 2792, 2793.
2786, 3162, 3953, 5347. ALLEN, A.H. 1472.ADAM, H. 3954. ALLEN, G.R. 3963, 5574, 5800.ADAMS, A. 2. ALLEN, P. 803.ADAMS, H.J. 443, 3955, 3956. ALLMAN, .32. 7.ADAMS, U.A. 444. ALLNUTT, E.G. 1473.ADEY, W.R. 3396. ALMERS, W. 3964, 4216.ADOLPHE, M. 4264. AL-NAGDY, S.A. 3965.AEGINETA, P. 3. ALPERS, F. 2794.AELIANUS, C. 4. ALSEN, C. 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478,AETIUS OF AMIDA. 5 1479, 2164, 2243, 2244.,AFLALO, P.A. 5570. ALTER, A.G. 460.AGNEW, W.S. 3957, 3958. AMAGAR, E. 6556, 6559, 6560.AGUILAR-SANTOS, G. 445, 646, 647. AMARAL, A. DO. 3966.AHO, 1. 3167. AMEMIYA, 1. 5575.
369
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIA.. 1 ZUSTANOFF, M. 4039, 4040.TION. 461. ARVIDSSON, 3. 2533.
ANASTASI, A. 2795, 2796, 3047. ARVY, L. 2364, 2125.ANDERSON, D.M. 462, #63, 2797. ASANO, M. 433, U4, 498, 2826, 2827,ANDERSON, G.W. 3318, 6208. 2828, 2829, 2130, 2831, 2832, 2833,"ANDERSON, H.H. 4790, 4792. 2834, 2835, #041, 4042, 4043, 4044,ANDERSON, K.K. 1209. 4045, 4046.ANDERSON, L.S. #64, 2798. ASANO, Y. 4904, 4905.ANDERSON, N.(C.) 4979, 4980, 4981, 5024, ASCHNER, M. 1024, 1128, 1134.
5025.. ASERO, B. 2836, 30U8, 3049, 3050.ANDERSON, P.A.V. 1480. ASHIDA, K. 1816.ANDERSON, R.3. 1351. ASHLEY, L.M. 3702.ANDERSON, W. 8, 3967. ASSOC. OFF. AGRIC. CHEM. 486.ANDERSON, W.W. 5640. ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTI-ANDERTON, C. 2799. CAL CHEMISTS. 2837.ANDO, Y. 2336 2357. ATTAWAY, D.H-. 1516.ANDRES, H. 2575. ATWELL, R.B. 4047.ANDREUCCI, G. 1235, 5463. ATWATER, I. 521LANDRIEW. 4854. ATZ, 3.W. 2365, 5621.ANDREWS, O.W. 3968. AIJBERT, M. 5622.ANET, E. 541. AUDEBERT, C. 48, 3737, 4048.ANGELOTTI, R. 803, 3217. AUSTIN,. 3. 1295.ANGUITA I STOWEN, V. 3969. AUSTIN, L. 5623, 5624. -ANISIMOV, M.M. 465, 2358, 2359, 2360, AUSTIN, T.S. 749.
2519, 2800. AUTENREITH, H.F. 13, 4049, 5625.ANNANDALE, N. 3731. AVARIA, S. 488, 233&.ANRAKU, M. 3395, 3872, 4985. AVEL, M. 3779.ANREP, V.K. 4029, 4030, 4031, 4032. AVIGAD, L.S. 156,1 1569, 1570.ANSON, G. 10, 6327. AVIVI, L. 729, 730. -
AOKI, T. 1512, 1513. AVRIL, E. 4310.APENKOV, A.F. 180. AYRES, P.A. 2839.APMURA, T. 4033. AZARA, F. DE. 14.APSIMON, 3.W. 2363. AZHGIKHIN, 1.5. 2366, 4050.ARAI, H. 6328, 6329, 6663, 6669, 6670. AZIZ, K. 489.ARAI, R. 4587. AZNAURIAN, M.S. 1517, 1518, 1519.ARAKAWA, H. 4034. AZZI, A. 2840.ARAMBURU, R. 6106.ARATANI, M. 4760, 5392. BARCHER, S.G. 4035.ARCISZ, W. 4036. BABA, Y. 5441, 5442.ARENSON, M.S. 6553. BABEL, 3.5. 5626.ARISTOTLE. 11. BACQ, Z.M. 1296, 1520, 2367, 2841, 2842,ARMSTRONG, I.H. 2824. 2843, 2844, 28*5, 2846, 2847, 2848, ..ARMSTRONG, M.D. 3243. 3738, 3739, 3740.ARNDT, K.A. 1293. BACKHOUSE, J. 4051.ARNDT, W. 1294, 1514, 3734, 3735, 3736. BADEN, D.G. 490, 491, 492.ARNETT, J.F. 1198. BADEN, H.P. 1521,2368.ARNOLD, H.L. 481, 482, 715. BADMAN, V. 6006.ARNOLD, H.L., 3R. 1515. BADRIPERSAUD, S. 2363.ARNOLD, S.H. 4037. BAER, M. 4052.ARNOULD. 181. BAGLIONI, S. 1522, 2849, 2850.ARRAS, D. 4038. BAGNIS, R. 183, 310, 493, 494, 495, 496,ARTEDI, P. 12. 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504,ARTHUS, M. 182. 505, 600, 777, 1273, 1275, 1276, 1278,
370
- - -• %- - .
1523, 1890, 2369, 2616, 2851, 2852, BARME, 'A. 6333, 6334, 6335, 6336, 6337,3302, 3741, 3742, 4053i, 4054, 4055, 6338, 6339, 6340, 6385.4056, 4057, 4058, 405ýf, 4060, 4061, BARNES, A.R. 2862.4062, 4063, 4064, 4065, 4066, 4067, BARNES, 3.H. 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527,4068, 4069, 4070, 4071, 4072, 4073, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533,4074, 4075, 4076, 4077, 4078, 4079, 1534, 1535, 1726, 2375.4080, 4081, 4082, 4083, 4084, 4085, BARNHILL, R. 4515.4086, 4087, 4088, 4089, 4090, 4091, BARNOLA, F.V. 4121, 4248, 5473, 5474.4092, 4093, 4094, 4095, 4096, 4097, BARRACLOUGH FELL, H. 2376.W098, 4099, 4100, 4101, 4102, 4250 BARRETT, B.E. 523.4268, 4269, 4270, 4271, 4272, 4321, BARRIT, W.C. 6161.4393, 4649, 4697, 4698, 4843, 5038, BARRNETT, R.. 1920.5112, 5203, 5543, 5544, 5545, 5546, BARTELS, D. 638.5547, 5548, 5549, 5627, 5628, 5629, BARTELS, E. 2513, 270.5966, 6330, 6746. BARTHELS, P. 2377.
BAGPAI, PK. 5498. BARTSCH, A.F. 894, 3358, 4122, 4123,BAGWELL, E.E. 4307. 4934.-BAILLY, 3. 5199. BARTSCH, P. 2863, 6032.BAINE, W.B. 4944. BASLOW, M.H. 191, 192, 524, 1303, 1304,BAIRD, S.F. 5630. 1305, 1407, 4124, 4855, 5187.BAKER, A. 591, 2934. BASS, E. 610.BAKER, 3.T. 184, 1297. BASSETT-SMITH, P.W. 5632.BAKER, P.F. 506. BASSLER, H. 5633.BAKUS, G.J. 507, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, BASSOMPIERRE. 5634.
1357, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2568. BASTER, 3. 15.BALBAUD, L. 2853. BATES, H.A. 525, 526, 527, 555, 2864,BALCH, W. 1281. 2865, 4125, 4173.BALDONI, A. 185. BATTEY, Y. 5421, 5422. -..-.-BALDWIN, WJ. 4152, 5641, 5922. BAUDRILLART, J.-3. 16.BALERNA, M. 1911, 1912, 2273, 4267. BAUDRIMONT. 3303.BALLANTINE, D. 434, 508, 509, 510. BAUER, V. 2866.BALLERING, R.B. 2854. BAUGHMAN, 3.L. 4126, 5635.BALTZER, F. 3743, 3744, 3745. BAUMBACH, N. 4127, 4503.BANER3EE, S. 6331, 6391. BAXTER, E.H. 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539,BANFIELD, E.J. 186, 5631. 1540, 1541, 1542, 1960, 1961, 6341,BANG, F.B. 2374. 6342.BANNARD, R.A.B. 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, BAYLET, R. 4128.
585, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2929. BAYLEY, H.H. 5636.BANNER, A.H. 187, 188, 189, 190, 516, BAYNE, B.L. 528, 529.
517, 518, 519, 520, 753, 1302, 3746, BAYOUMI, M.L. 4890.3747, 4103, 4104, 4105, 4106, 4107, BAZEX, A. 2378.4108, 4109, 4110, 4111, 4112, 4113, BAZEX, 3. 2378.4114, 4115, 4116, 4117, 4118, 4600, BEAGLEHOLE, 3.C. 4129.4601, 4602, 4603, 46,35, 4903, 5549. BEAN, B.A. 5637.
BARBA-GOSE, 3. 4878. BECCARIA, C. 5637.BARBER, D.W., (JR.) 6332, 6531, 6578. BECKE, L. 4130, 4131, 6343.BARBIERI, G. 4206, 4207. BEDOT, M. 1543, 1544, 2867.BARCHI, R.L. 521, 522, 1250, 3682. BýGON, L. 4132.BARDACH, 3.E. 4809, 5965. BEHRE, F. 7868, 4133.BARDET, G. 2860, 2861. BEHRIN. ý.V. 6344.BARDIER, M.E. 4119. BEHRM',,*, H.T. 1922.BARHANIN, 3. 2273. BEIN, 5.3. 530.BARI, V. 3064. 3EIRDRAGER, 3. 6345.BARKIN, R.M. 4120. BELIN, 3. 4134.
371
"7...' ,' '• I-"• , ,•%
-- /- 7
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,BeLL, C. 5638. BERMAN, 1. 539. pBELLECCI, D.A. #135. BERNHEIMER, A.W. 1568, 1569, 1570.BeLLEMEH. L. 1942. BERNSTEIN,"M. 1571.BeLLESME, 3. 2869. BERNSTEIN, M.E. 4149.BELLOC, t. 5639. BERNTROP, 3.C. 1572.BELMONTE, C. 4136. BERQUIST, P.R. 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320,BELON, P. 17. 1321. 9BELOTTE, 3. 4237. BERRIDGE, M.3. 4150.BENATI, 0. 3051, 3052. BERRY, F.H. 4151, 4152, 5640, 5641.BENDER, 3.A. 2870. BERRY, P.Y. 4153.B ;NDIEN, W.M. 531, 2871. BERRY, S.S. 2875, 2876.B NECH, E. 4238. BERT, P. 2877. .\....
BENITEZ SOTO, L. 5866. BERTACCINI, G. 3063.BENJAMIN, A.3. 4139. BERTRAND, G. 5132.BENNETT, C.D. 2175. BEST, P.M. 4052.BENNETT, E.T. 18. BEST, W.C. 6029.BENNETT, G. 4140. BEZANILLA, F. 4746.BENNETT, L 2246. BHIDE, M.B. 6346, 6433, 6434, 6435, 6436.BENNETT, 3. 4087. BHIDE, S.B. 6346.BENNETT, M.V.L. 5568. BHIMACHAR, E.3. 5624. " .BENOLKEN, R.M. 4141. BIBER, B. 4155.BENSON, 3. 4142. BICKMORE, 3.T. 4156, 4157, 5643, 5644.BENTLEY, 3. 2033. BIEBER, A.L. 6347, 6712.BENYA3ATI, C. 6635, 6636. BIEDENBACH, M.C. 2379.BqNZER, T.I. 4143. BIGELOW, H.B. 5645. k 'o
BeRESS, L. 1477, 1479, 1545, 1546, 1547, BIGGER, C.M. 1685, 1958, 1959.1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, BIGGERS, R.D. 6165.1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1.58, 1559, BIGGS, D. 582, 583.1560, 1561, 1589, 1669, J767, 1786, BINET, L. 1573.1841, 2007, 2073, 2087, 2088, 2089, BINFORD, 3.S., JR., 540.2167, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2327, 2328. BLOT, 3. 4158.
BWRESS, R. 15.0, 1551, 1554, 1555, 1556, BIRGER, T.I. 870, 4887.1557, 1559, 1560, 1561. BIRKHEAD- W.S. 5646, 5647.
BERG, L.S. 4144. BISBINI, P. 4159.BERGER, 3.A. 4145. BISHOP, C. 541.BERGER, L 914. BISSET, N.G. 193, 5648.BERGER, L.R. 4145. BISWAS, N.N. 3748.BERGER, R. 4098. BITSEFF, E.L. 5649.BERGH, R. 2872, 2873. BLACKWELL, R.Q. 6479, 6517, 6518,BERGLUND, F. 183, 503, 1523, 4099, 6330, 6519, 6732.
6746. BLAINVILLE, H.M.D. 19.BERGLUND, P.S. 3742. 5629. BLAIR, M.R., JR. 443, 3955, 3956.BERGLUND, R. 2369, 2852. BLAIR, R.H. 5Y50.BERGMAN, C. 1562, 1563. BLANC, M.H. 542, 1286, 2878, 3729.BERGMANN, F. 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, BLANCHARD, M.R. 194, 4160, 4161, 4162,
969, 970, 977, 1029, 1180. 5651, 5652.BERGMANN, W. 537, 1306, 1307, 1308, BLANKENSHIP, I.E. 2879, 4163; 4164.
1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, BLANQUET, R. 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577,1315, 1316, 1446, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1578.1567. BLASCHKO, H. 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883.
BERGNER, A.D. 547, 2887. BLASETTO, J.W. 2285.BERITASHVILI, D.R. 4146, 4147. BLAUSTEIN, M.P. 841, 4794, 4980, 4981.BERKELEY, C. 538, 2874. BLAYLOCK, D.A. 920.BERLIN, R. 4148. BLEEKER, P. 5653.
372
.--.7..:.
BLN ii/
BLIN, M. 165. BOUDER, H. 4177, 4178k 4179, 4243, 5660.BLISS, C.A. 1113. BOUDER, M.3. 4179.BLCCH, M.E. 20, 21, 22. BOUDIN, G. 4838, 4839.BLOEDEL, 3.R. #166. BOULENGER, G.A. 4180,5661.BLOGOSLAWSKI, W.a. 343, 544, 2834, BOURILLET, F. 596, 2960, 4260, 4261,
2885. 4262, 4263, 4264, 4265, 4266, 6382,BLONZ, E.R. 4167, 4168. 6383, 6384, 6385, 6396. .BLUMENTHAL, K.M. 1868, 1869, 3749, BOURIENNE. 25.
3750, 3751v 3837, 3838, 3839, 3941. EOURNE, N. 556, 289g.'BLYTHE, A.W. 195, 4169. BOURNE, W.R.P. 2899.1BOALCH, G.T. 545. BOURQUELOT, E. 2900% 2901.BOARDMAN, W. 2764, 6299. BOURRET, P- 6361.BOCHAROVA, L.S. #253. BOUTItRE, H. 5662. .BOODAERT, A. 4856. BOVET, D. 4837, 4838, 4839.BODEANU, N. 546. BOWDEN, 3.P. 916, 3391.BODET, R. 196. BOYARSKY, L.L. 4181.BOEHRER, 3.L. 2836. BOYD, H.L. 2902.BOESOIRIE, C. 4170. BOYE, L.V. 1583, 2381.!BOHR, V.C. 6155. BOYER, F. 4128. .3OISSEAU, J.P. 1-#79. BOYER, G.L. 557. 5581 559, 2903, 2904,BOISSONNAS, R.A. 3520. 2905.B03E, O. 4154. BOYER, 3. 4182.BOKMA, H. 6348, 6349. BOYLAN, D.B. 4183, 4636.BOLANOS, R. 6350, 6351, 6352. BRAARUD, A.T.. 560, 561, 2906.BOLTON, B.L. 547, 2887. BRABSON, 3.S. 3957. ,BONAPARTE, C.L. 23. BRADSHAW, R.H. 1878..BOND, R.M. 548, 549, 550, 551, 2888. BRADY, W.H. 345, 983, 1396, 2055, 2672,BONFILS, S. 868. 3•41, 3889, 5131, 6070.BONIS. 1580. BRAEKMAN, 3.C. 2261.1BONNE, C. 4171. ZIRAKER, W.P. 5663. 1BONNE, W.M. 5654. ,RANDT, S.F. 26.BONNET, A. 2889, 3230, 3231. BRAULT, J. 5664.BONNET, D.D. 481. BRAY, 3.3. 495&8BONNET, P. 552. BREELER, C.M. 5500.BONNEVIE, P. 553, 554, 3752, 3753, 4172. bRENCHLEY, 3.L 4184"BOOLOOTIAN, R.A. 2380. BRESLAU, 1584.BOQUET, P. 6353, 6354, 6355, 6356, 6357, BRETA, F. 5665.
6359, 6359, 6360. BREWSTER, H.B. 3110, 3111.BORDER, F.P. 5462. BREY, B. 1767.BOR~DNER, 3. 555, 4173. BRIEGER, L. 2907, 2908; 2909.BORETTI, G. 3053, 3054, 3064. BRIGGS, 3.C. 4185BORISON, H.L. 887, 3351, 4174, 5191. BRIGGS, 3.3. 5666.BORLEY, 3.0. 5655. BRIGGS, M.H. 198, 3754iBOROUGHS, H. 4111. BRINKMAN, H.M. 1585.BOSCHMAN, H. 1581. BRIOT, A. 1586, 1587, 2910, 3323, 3324,BOSE, R.3. 2890. 5667, 5668, 5669, 5670, 5671, 5672,BOTTARD, A. 197, 4175, 5656, 5657, 5658, 5673, 5674.
5659. BROAD, A.3. 3610, 3612.BOTTAZZI, F. 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, BROCK, V.E. 4186.
2895, 2896. BROCQ-ROUSSEAU, D. 199.BOUCHARDAT, M.A. 24. BRODIE, A.F. 392, 393, 2150, 2708, 3513,BOUCHER-FIRLY, S. 4176. 5245, 5246, 6611. 1BOUCHET, C. 1582. BRODWICK, M.S. 935.BOUCHILLOUX, S. 2897. BRODY, R.W. 4187, 5410.
373
~. ° ' ° 1
BRONGERSMA-SANDERS, M.B. 562, XC3, BURKe, J.M. 570. ,2911, 2912. BURKHOLDER, L.M. 1591.
BRONSTEINt 3.A. 4100. BURKHOLDFR, P.R. 1322, 1425, 1426,BROOKES, N. 3961. 1427, 142'-, 1430, 1591.BROOKS, C. 4774. BURKLEW, M.A. 1188, 4209, 4992.BROOKS, DJ. 4382. BURN, J.H. 1592.BROOKS, V.3. 200. BURNE, 3.A. 6363, 6364. -BROOKS, W. 27. BURNETT, A.L. 1593.BROSCH, A. 413.- BURNETT, 3.W. 1521, 1594, 1595, 1596,BROWN, A.M. 4832. 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, '1602,BROWN, C.H. 1588, 2382. 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608,BROWN, G.B. 4752. 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614,BROWN, H.H. 4189. 1615, 1616, 1617, 1623, 1624, 1625,BROWN, L.D. 2913,4190. 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631,BROWN, M.E. 201. 1632, 1633, 1634, 1781, 1782, 1783,BROWN, M.S. 4191. 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1879, 2023,BROWN, P.A. 835. 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2219, 2226,BROWN, W.D. 4037. 2227, 2368, 5683, 5684.BROWNELL, H.H. 585, 2929. BURNETT, W. 31.BRUHN, H.D. 1589. BURNS, B. 6365.BRUSSON, 3, 564. BURNS, T.A. 5865.BRUIJN, 0. 2914. BURNSTEIN, M. 1573.BRYANT, E.G. 4192. BURRESON, B.3. 571, 572, 1323, 1324,BRYDON, G.A. 565. 2003.BRYGOD, E.R. 2915, 3481. BURROWS, G.M. 32.BUCCINI, 3.A. 2363. BURROWS, W. 4201.BUCHANON, 3.B. 444. BURTON, M. 1325. ""-BUCHWALD, H.D. 4193, 4194, 499"5. BUTSCH, R.S. 4211.BUCKLAND, F. 6362. BYCHIKHIN, N.P. 5093, 6044.BUCKLEY, E.E. 202. BYERLEY, I. 33.BUCKLEY, L.J. 566, 567, 568, 951, 1145, BYRNE, K. 1618, 5677, 6366. .
1147, 2916, 3420.BUDDLE, R. 4195, 5675. CBUDKER, P. 170.BUDUK, D.P. 6438. CABICCH, L. 4212, 4213, 4214, 4215.BUENAFLOR, H.G. 2917, 3580. CACESBORJA, 5221.BUFFA, E. 4196, 4197, 5290. CADZOW, W.H. 5678. .BUFFON, G.L., DE. 28. CAHALAN, M.D. 4216.BUGLIA, G. 4198, 4199, 4200, 4201, 4202, CAIRNCROSS, K.D. 3577, 5.623.
4203, 4204, 4205, 4206, 4207. CALDER, D.R. 1619.BU3AN, M. 924, 3397. CALDWELL, N. 5679.BULL, R.J. 569, 2918, 4208. CALLAHAN, V.(I.) 1812, 2313.BULLARD, W.d. 1590. CALLAMAND, 0. 4414.BULLOCK, M. 29. CALMETTE, A. 203, 204, 205, 1620, 1621,BULSTRODE, H.T. 2919. 2384, 2385, 2921, 2922, 3756, 3757,BUNDY, H.F. 2383. 4217, 4218, 5680, ,681, 5682, 6367,BUNIVA, C. 30. 6368, 6747, 6748.BUNKER, N.C. 4539, 4540, 4541, 5906, CALTON, G.J. 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598,
5907,5936. !599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1610, 1613, .tBURGER, W.D. 292, 1376, 1852, 2602, 1614, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626,
3220,4682, 5940. 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632,BURGESS, . 5676. 1033, 1634, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811.BURGHARDT, G.F. 2920. 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 5683, 'BURKE, D.C. 1309, 1310. 5684.
374
CALVENT!, I. 1394. CARTIER, L. 3701.CALVIN, 3. 2113. CARRUCCIO, A. 4240.CAMAIN, P. 1915. CASSELMAN, A.A. 511, 312, 313, 514,CAME30, G. 4121, *2199 3€73. 513, 533, 2355, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859,CAME RON, A.M. 206, 1326, 1633, 23U6, 2979.
2923, 373, #220, 4221, 4222, 3(45, CASSIE, V. 316.MU, 567,963M , 369,3 690. CASTEL, M. 3925.
CAMERON, C.A. 2M24. CASTELLANI, A. 207, 5702.CAMOL•LS, G. 4223, CASTELLINO, P.G. 1660.CAMPbeLL, B. 3691. CASTEX, M.N. 5703, 5704, 3705, 5706,CAMPkELL,CJI 5692,5693,,6369t6370, 5707, 5709, 5709, 5710, 3711, 5712,
6371. 3713, 371*, 5715, 3716, 5717, 5713,CAMPBELL, D.C. 142*. 5719, 3720, 5721, 5722, 5723, 5724CAMPBELL, H. 373. CASTILLO, 3. 4S96.CAMPBELL, 3.X. 574, S03, 393, 96, 397, CATALA, R.L. 1667.
398, 2M32, 3217, 33"9, 3360, 3361, 3362, CATESBY, M. 34.3363. CATTANCO, A. 2943.
CAMPOO6NCO, L 73. CATTERALL, W.A. 587, 1663, 1669, 2930,CAMUS, L 4224, 4223, *226, #227, #22S, 3473, 4241, 4242, 4644.
4229, #230, 4231, #232, #233, 4234, CAUZARD, H. 3725.4234, 423.. CAVALLO, A. 4177, #178, 4179, 4243,
CANGIANO, A. 4237. 3*62, 3660.CANKAR, G. 2034. CAVAZZANI, E. 4244.CANTACUZ.Ne, 3. 1634, 1637, 1639, CAYER, M.(LJ 6167, 6218, 6219, 6220.
16*0, 1641, 1642, 3739. CECCA, R. 3726.CANTONI, C. 2926. CECIL, 3.T. 337, 9*2, 1395, 1442, 2031,CANTOR, T. 6372. 2653, 3416, 5042.CAPINDALe, 3. 927, 1013. CEJ, 3.M. 3063.CARDeLL.NA, 3.H., IL 373. CaLSUS, A.A.C. 33.CARDOT, K. 2927. CERDAS, L. 6332.CARDOT, 3. 3239, 3240. CESA-8IANCHI, D. 4235.CARES. 4233L CESENOS, A.D. 36.CAREY, 3.e. 6373, 6374, 6373, 6376. CHA, Y.N. 4719.CARGO, D.G. 1610, 1643, 166, 2172, CHABANAUD, P. 42*6.
3755. CHACKO, G.X. 4247, 4248.CARIeJLO, L. 1327, 1322, 165, 2922. CHAET, A.S. 2374, 2337, 2383, 2389, 2390,CARLE, 3.5. 576, 577, 3n7, 579, 3760, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395f 2583,
3761, 3762, 3763. 3733.CARLISLE, D.B. 369*. CHAILAKHYAN, L.M. 4146, 4147.CARL"ON, C-1. 539, •91, 2932, 2934, CHALMER5, A.3. 207, 5702.
3333, 3339, 33*0, 3673. CHAMBERS, 3.5. 538, 389, 390, 391, 2931,CARLSON, R.W. 3", 1073, 1421, 2131, 2932, 2933, 2934, 3339, 3340.
2152, 2709, 3514, 3906, 3247, 5693, CHAMPION, R.H. 151.5696, 3697, 369", 569", 5700, 6136, CHAN, D.5. 2249, 2250, 225'.6162, 6163, 6137, 133. CHAN, K.E. 6377, 6378, 6440, 6681.
CARMICHAEL, W. 5W0, 831, 532, U3, 709, CHAN, S.L. 1004, 3463, 4249.710. CHANDLER, P.T. 978.
CARNEGIE, A.L. 4239. CHANFOUR, 8. 5038.CARPENTER, D. 6362. CHANG, C.C. 6379, 6510.CARSCALLeN, L.3. 230, 737, 1366, 1•30, CHANG, P. 6378.
2582, 3151, 3507, 45350, 5914, 6451, CHANG, T.W. 6380.6757. CHANG, W.Y. 6381.
CARTER, N. 534. CHANLEY, 3.0. 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399,CARTER, T.D. 67*9. 255*, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2657, 2731,
2935, 2936, 2937.
375
CHAW4EAU, S. #96, #97, #9k, #9, 500, CIERIESZ10O L.S. 1676,t 1677, 1678, 1836.304, 30•, 600, 777, 0 99 , #M09, C3GNEMT, F. 4273,
* . 09, 4096v 4101, #102, 4250, #272, CILENTO, R.(AWr 1679, 2942, *274, 4275,46 ,4613, 5112. 3729, SM
"CaANTIIe Y HERRIERA, 3. 3727. CMlNO, G. 601, 1390.CHAO, R.L-C. 423'1. CJOCATTO, E. 2943.CHAO, S. 427L CrTTERKo, V. 5731, 5732.CHAPMAN, GJk 1670, 1671. CLAPHAM, W.F. 602, 2944.CHARLES, W.P. 403`. CLARAC, A.- 497, 5U9, 5870.CHARNOT, A. 203, 52 29383, 422. CLARDY, 3. 2317.CHATIN, 3. 209. CLARKAM. 24•0, 295•, 4276.CHATTER1E', AJ. 87', 379. CLARK, A.I, 1329.CHATTON, E. "I3. CLARM, F. =p, 4273,7 79t, 230.CIEMERIS, N.K. #2". CLARK, .F.. 5057.CHEN, C.N. 671L. CLARK, F.M. 1161.CHEN, Y.M. 6509, 6510, 632, 6533.' CLARK, H.C. 6337.CIIENG, C. 423k. CLARM IL.. 2301.CHENG, KA.)J #254, #235, #745. CLARK, L. #21.
CHeNG, M.T. 3764. CLARK, L 603, 29451, 2946.CHENG, P.C. #236, 4"L CLARK, V.G. 604•, 313, 3766, 417% 4232,CHENTSQV, B.V. 210. 4223.CHERRY, R.O. 6436. CLARKE.A. M 733.CHESTER, R.H. 2524. CLARKE, TJ. #23*.CHESTERFIELD, NJ. 6776. CLAVMER A. #W97.CHEVALLMR, A. 211, 293t, 3761, 427, CLAVIGCRO, F.J. 39,4#231.
#251. CLELAND, M.8. 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,CHEW, P. 594. 21v,219,220,60 6 06, 607, 1330,1331,CHEW, K.K. 3593. 1332, 1I40, 1t31, 2502, 2947, 2"9,CHEYMOL, 3. M9i, 396, 2940, 42t9, 4260, 2949t 2"0 3767, 3763, #236, 4237,
4241, 4262, 4263, #264, 4243o 4266, #23, #2, #290, 5734, 573, 573,,6332, 6383, 6334, 6335, 6386. 5737, 5733, 5739, V5%0, 6730, 6731.
CH,3.S. 144 t. CLEM, 31L. 603, 2951.CHICHEPORTIChiE, R. 1461, 1911, 1912, CLEM, R.L 5741.
"3950, •391, 4267. CLEMONSG.P. 09, 610.CHIESA, 3.A.L. 212. CLENCH ... 29••, 293:3, 293.CHJEVITZ, ? '4. 572L. CLERC, A.. 42t.CHIN, H.P. 6130. CLOQUET, L. #0, # 1.CHISHOLM, C. 37. COATES, C.V. 609.CHITwOOO, M.3. 913P,"9169 91?. COATES, RLM. 340, 3342.CHIU, K. 5551. COATS, 1A.& 3742.CHO, C.H. "97, 2•41. COSS, Mr.. 241, 630, 1743, 2540, 3033,SCHOUCAVY, M. 22331, 2236, 2237, 2233, 140 1, •24, 6413a.
2240, 2241. COBS, S. 42"2, 5743.CHRISTENSEN,' A.M. 2534. COSLENTZ, 3.M. #875.CHRISTENSEN, M.K. 1#5#, 2309. COCKERILL, LM. 4293.CHRISTISON, R. 33L COGGEPR,4 .G., 6333, 6319.CHRISTOPHERSEN, C. 571, 57n, 379, COHEN, C.3. #294.
1324, 3762, 3763. COHEN, 1.M 4295.CHU, G.(W.T.C.) #32, 59t, 599, 913, 914, COHEN, 3.8. 1719.
1672, 1673. COHEN, S.C. #296.CHUN, C. 1674, 1675. COHEN, S.G. 611, 1333.CHUNGUE, e. "04, 600, #101, #268, 4269, COHEN, S.L 2394.
4270, 4271, 4272, 5112. COHEN, S.. 1333.CHURCH, K.K. 11 3. COHN, t. 5744.
376
COLATSKY, T.. 4294, 4846. COULANGES, P. 2886.COLBY, M. 221, 612, 1682, 2503, 2955, COULOMBE, A. 4306.
4297, 5785. COULSEN, J.C. 2962.COLDWELL, B.A. 4282. COULSON, 3.C. 2824.COLENO, R. 4298, 5746. COULTER, 3.R. 1439.COLKET, T.C. 6166. COULSTON, F. 675.COLLAS. 42"9. COUPIN, H. 4313.COLLETTE, B.B. 4300, 5747. COURAD, F. "696.COLLIER, A. 1260. COURSEN, B.W. 1905.COLLIER, F.C. 3120. COURTNEY, G. 4462.COLLIER, H.O. 1683. COURVILLE, D.A. 223, 3770.COLLINS, H.G, 3R. 2956. COUTANCE, A. 224.COLLINS, M. 613. COUTA ID, H. 4314.COLO, V. 2836. COUTIt RE, H.(M.) 225, 4315, 5752, 5753,COLQUHOUN, D. 4301, 4302, 4303. 5754.COMBE, 3.5. 42. COVELL, W.P. 618, 2963.COMPTON, G. 574*L COWARD, S. 4825.CONDOURIS, G.A. 4787. COX, 3.C. 2964.CONKLIN, E.3. 16"4, 1685. COX, K.W. 3803, 4542.CONNELL, C.H. 614. COXEN, C. 2965.CONRAD, W. 1263, 3711. CRAIFALEANU, A.D. 2966.CONTARDI, A. 222. CRAIG, C.P. 619, 4316.CONTI, F. 1686. CRANEFIELD, P.F. 1879.COOK, H. 3749. CRAVEN, H.3. 590, 2933, 3675.COOK, 3. 4304. CRAWFORD, M.L.3. 4317.COOKE, A.H. 2937. CREIGHTON, S.M. 1565.COOKE, 3. 43. CRE MA, A. 5423.COOKE, T.S. 1687. CREVAUX, 3. 5755.COOPER, H.S. 2504. CRIPPS, C. 4637.COOPER, 3.R. 4670. CROFT, 3.A. 2503, 2967.COOPER, L.H.N. 615. CROMPTON, W.G. 920.COOPER, M.3. 616, 2938, 3769, 4305. CRONE, H.D. 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700,COOPER, W.W. 4k 1701, 1702, 1865, 1966, 2968, 3214.COPE, E.D. 6390. CROPP, B. 6392.COPLEY, A.L. 6331, 6391. CROSS, J.B. 614.COPPEE, C. 2939. CROSS, T.B. 5756.CORABOEUF, E. 4306, *830. CROSSE, H. 2969.CORBELL, H.E. 3624. CROWTHER, W.E.L.H. 4318.CORDOVA, M. 4307. CRUICKSHANK, 3.G. 4319.CORMIER, S.M. 1688, 1689, 1690. CRUMPE, F. 2970.CORNEY, R.G. 2960. CRUTCHFIELD, E.D. 1703.CORNMAN, L 617, 2961. CRUZ, L.3. 2917, 2971, 3130.CORRE, A. *308, 4309, 5750, 5731. CUBIT, D.A. 4340.CORREA, D.D. 1691. CUýNOT, L. 226, 2506, 2507, 2972.CORSON, E.F. 1334. CULLUM, M. 2839.COSMOVICI, N. 1639, 1692, 1693, 1694, CULVER, P. 170*.
1693. CUMMINS, J.M. 620, 621, 622, 2973.COSTES, P. *310. CURATALO, C.3. 4847.COSULICH, D.B. 1335. CURRAN, C.H. 6393.COTIC, L. 3*33. CURTISS, A. 4320, 5757.COSTIN, A. 3396. CUSHING, 3.E, 2535.COTTON, B.C. 3086. CUTRESS, C.E. 1672, 1673, 1705.COTTRELL, G.A. 3352. CUVIER, G.L. 45.COUILLARD, P. 4311, 4312. CUZON, G. 4321.
377
CYRs S.C. 31.. Dz BARRY,, 17 , 4417. "DE BEAUFORT, LF. 628•.
D ~DE BLASI, S. 2W*2DE CLERCQ, ML 227, 1710, 2508, 2983,
DACK, G.M. 29749 #322. 433, 5770DA COSTA, F.M. 3679, 3631. DEERNS, W.(M.) AM0, 5974.DAFNI, Z. 623, 624. DEES, L.L 2984. 0DA FONSeCA, P. 634,. DE FARIA, A 293.DA FONSECA, OO.O. 43239, 4324, 4325, De GOMARA, F.LPEZ. 4•8.
5758, 5759, 5760. DE GROOF, RC. 2309, 2510.IDAGUANNO, W. 2975. DEGUCHIT ". 1711,1712,4339,5030.DAHI.9, F. 4326t 5761. DE HAAN, RLI. M1, 49329 3248&
. DALE, 8. 625, 626, 12M 2976, 2977. DEICHMANNN, E. 211. '4DALE, H.L. I12. DEICHMANN, W.&. 228, 637, 4340, 4349.IYALESSANDRO, F. 297L. DEIG, E.F. 1185.DALC-,'.E5H, A.e. 593 DEITHER, 3.W. 4341.DALQCE, D. 2261, 26". DE LANDA, D. *9.DALR'MPLE, A. 46t 4327. DE LAUBENFS .W. 1 9, 1339, 1340, -
"DALY,'l IV. 1336. 1341.DAM8OIM!LNEAU, A. 1640, 1641, 1642. DELEZENNE, Cý 4342.DAMMANN, A.E. 1117, 5367. DELFIN, F.T. 4343t 771.DANA, 3.0. 1706. DELIA, TJ. 2512.DANE, P.G. 3762. DELLON, C.. 5L.DANG, L.J. 747. DELOINCE, R. 5•3Si.aDANIEL, 3.F. 5763. DE LUCA, P. 1342.D'ANIELLO, A. 16"5. DE MARCO, R.5 1713, 572, 5773, 3774,DANIELSON, D.D. 273, 173, 5918, M2 775.DANU.eWSKY, K. 4328 De MENDIOLA, B.R. 633, 2986.DANILO, P., (3M) 5192, 3222. DE MERICOURT, L 5831.DAO, L. 5764. DE MINA, N.S. 63,.IDARCA, S.U. 2979, 43290. DEMOREAU, G. 5776.D!ARRAS, L. 4330. DEMPSTERG.O.L 4344..D'ARRIGO, 3.1. 627, 4331, 4513. DeNIZOT, M. 301, 4080, t405.%DARUTY, M.A. 5765. DENNIS, R.. 71,43133.DARWIN, C. 47. DEORAS, P.3. 639.DAS, N.P. 1337. DE OREO, G.A. 1714.DASSOW, 3.A. 623, M2 . DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY. 6397. .3DATHE, H. 5766. DEPIERRE,F. #182.DYAUBERT, S. 2926. DE QUIROS, P.F. 51.DAVENPORT, D. 1707, 1708. De RIEMER, K. 3100.DAVID, N.F. 5767. DERIEMER, R. 2870.DAVID, R. 25L. DER MARDEROSIAN, A.D. 1343.DAVIES, A.W. 6770. De ROSA, M. 1342. 0DAVIES, F.R. 29$1. DEROUBAIX, e. 4306.DAVIN, W.T. 4332. De ROUVILLE, E. 1757, 2987, 2988, 3087.DAVIS, C.C. 629, 630, 72n. DERRIEN. 298.DAVIS, 3.H. 1343. DE SILVA, A. 6398.DAWSON, E.Y. 631, 632, 3703, 4333, 4334. DE SOUSA E SILVA, E. 635, 645, 1079,DAWSON, 3.M. 433. 299"4, 3521. JDAWYDOFF, C. 3779. DESPORTES, 3.8. 52.DAY, F. 4336, 6395. DE STEFANO, S. 601, !390.DEAKINS, D.E. 5768 De SYLVA, DJ. 636, 637, 789, 4345, 4346,DEAN, B. 4337, 3769. 4347, 4348, 4349, 4350, 5777.DEANS, I.R. 2962. DýTRAIT, 3. 6338, 6359.
3
378."
-"
DETTSARN, W.D. 633, 639, 2513, 2990, DRURY, J.K. 1718.
2991, 4351. DUBOIS, 3.-M. 1562, 1563, 1719.DEVI, A. 6331, 6391. DU BOIS, K.P. 2997.DEVLIN, 3.P. 640, 1715. DUBOIS, R. 2998, 2999, 3000.DE VILLEZ, E.3. #812, 4822, #824. DUBOS, M. 651, 652, 3773, 3774, #363.
SDEWAR, H.A. 838, 980, 3352, 3429. DUBRISAY, 3. 3001.DEWBERRY, E.B. 4352, 4353. DUBYAK, G. 2287.DOEWEY, R.A. 1117, 5367. DUCE, B.R. 4364.DE YSSON, G. 4264. DUCHASSAING, P. 1345.DIE ZAMORA, A. 5778. DUCHEMIN, C. 1731, 3018.D'HOSTALRICH. 4354. DUCHESNE, E.A. 211, 2939, 3765, 4258.DICKHAUT, G. 5525. DUCOUSSO, R. 5112.DICKIE, L.M. 3345. DUDEL, 3. 4365.DEETMANN, H. 4355, 5779. DUFTON, M.3. 6403.DIETRICH, R.F. 2012. DUFVA, E. 4366.DILAIMY, M.S. 1782. DUGiS, A. 5783.DIOSCORIDES, P. 53. DUGGAN, A.3. 2610, 3275.DISSARD, A. 5780. DUGGAN, R.T. 6404, 6405, 6406.DIrTWALD, R. 719. DUHIG, 3.V. 4367, 5784, 5785, 5786.DI VINCENZO, A. 2979, 4329. DU3AN, M. 875.D3ERASSI, C. 1431. DU3APRIC, R. 1720.D6DERLEIN, P. 1716. DULHUNTY, A. 3002, 3105.DODGE, E. 1902. DULL, D.L. 4426.
ao DOEGLAS, H.M.G. 5032. DUMAREY, C. 6355, 6356, 6359, 6360.DOERR, R. 4356. DUMtRIL, A.(H.A.) 87, 4368, 5787.DOIG, M.T., I1. 229, 641, 642, 643, 1717, DUNBAR-BRUNTON, 3. 5788.
2514, 2992, 3771, 6399. DUNCAN, C. 4369.DOMONKOS, A.N. 644,3772. DUNCAN, 3.H1 3843.DOMSKY, L.L 1311. DUNCKER, G. 4370, 5789.DONE, A.K. 2993. DUNLOP, W.R. 4371.DOORENBOS, NJ. 4256, 4332, 4357, 498, DUNN, A. 2588.
4757. DUNSON, W.A. 6407.DORDONI, F. 3055, 3056. DUPUY, 3.L. 653, 654, 3003.DOREE, C. 1344. DURANT, N.N. 4900.DORMER, K. 1305. DURANT, R.C. 2396, 2552, 2553, 2554,DORN, C.R. 2913, 4190. 2556, 2557, 2746.DOS SANTOS, P. 645, 2994. DURHAM, L. 4194.DOTY, M.S. 445, 646, 647 DU TERTRE, 3.B. 54.DOW, 3.M. 5781. DYMSZA, H. 231, 655, 1346, 1721, 2515,DOWDALL, M.3. 6400. 3004, 3775, 4372, 5790, 6752.DOWLING, H. 6401.DOWN, R.3. 648, 902, 2995, 4358, 4359. EDOYLE, 3.W. 1869, 3341.DRACHMAN, R.H. 4123. EAKER, D. 232, 6420, 6430, 6481.DRAGOVICH, (G.A.) 649, 1054. EARLE, K.V. 2515, 2517.DRAKE, F. 230. EASTON, R.G. 1821.DRAKE, K. 230. EATON, D.C. 4749.DRASLAR, K. 2186. EBRIGHT, G.E. 3005.
J DREISBACH, R.H. 2996, 4360, 5782. ECKERT, W.C. 2242."DRENTH, 3. 6402. EDDY, C.R. 2759.DRILHON, A. 4361, 4362, 4398. EDMONDS, C. 233, 1347, 3006, 6408, 6409.DROLLET, 3.(HJ 501, 777, 4095, 4649. EDMONDS, M. 3007.DROOP, M. 650. EDWARDS, H.I. 656, 2981, 3008, 3601.DROUET, 3. 651, 3773, 5038. EDWARDS, 1. 4373.
379
-9°
e DWARM, o. 373,6M ERL13D. 3952,4391.EDWARD Sý, 3577. .. ERMAN, A. 1732.EGER, W.H. 4374. ERSHOFF, BJ. #382.EHRENBAUM, e. #370, 789.- ERSPAMER, G.F. 30507.EHRENSTEIN, G. t .:" ERSPAMER, V. 1733, 1734, 2795, 2796,EHRHARDT, L.P. 377&. 2836, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035,
'ElMER, T. 1722. 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041,EISENBERG, H.M. 4371,. 3042, 3043, 3044, 3043, '046, 3047,EISNER, T. 2610, 3275., 3048, 30*9, 3030, 3051, 3052, 3053,ELAM, K.& 4376. - 3054, 3035, 3056, 3037, 3058, 3059,ELDEPRAWI, M.E. 4925. 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064,- 3424, 9
ELDRED, B. 637, ,309. 3423, 3662, 363.ELDRIDGE, S. 4377. ESCHMEYE. W.N. 5131, 53749, 5799, -ELAS, P.S& 183, 303, 1323 2369, 2852, 3800.
37*2, *099, 3629, 6330, 6746. ESSAID EL FEYDI, A. 3203.ELLINGTON, A.C. 437L ESSERTEAU. 5301..ELLIOTT, U. 3010, 3011, 3012. ESSEX, H.E. 1735.ELLIOTr, ILH. 6*24, 6425, 6426. EULITZ, M. 2321, 2327."ELLIOTT, W.5. (677. - EVANS, H.M. 237,5802, 3803, 3804, •805,ELLIS, D. *341. 3806, 3807, 3808, 3809, 5810, 3811,ELLIS, S. 658. 53812.ELMQUIST, D. 4379. EVANS, M.H. 602, 662, 663, 664, "65, 666,ELYAKOV, G.5. 2338, 23"3j 2519, 2519. 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674,ELZINGA, M. 6422. 797, 12*8 294, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, "EMBIL, V.A. *635. 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3777,EMELIANOY, A.A. 6410. 4383, 438*, 3835, 4386, 4387, 4388,EMEL'YANCHIK, K.G. 5791. 4389, 4675, 3,M7, 3813.EMERSON, G.A. 234. EVANS, W.E. 6571.EMERT, 3.T. 4196. EVERMAN, B.W. 4390.EMERY, 3.A. 6157. EWALD, A. 1736. -EMMELIN, N. 3013. EVER, R.F. 1737..ENDEAN, RL 233, 236, 659, 660, "61, 134S,
1723, 172*, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, F .1729, 1730, 1731, 2373, 2520, 2521,25229 2523,1 2524, 2525, 2526, 2"69, FABER, G.L. 581.301*, 3013,.3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, FABIAN, R. 675.3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, FABRE, R. 199, 238.3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3695, 4221, FAGERLUND, U.H.M. 2327.4222, 4380, 5686, 5687, 5638, 5689, FAIRCHILD, M.D. 6161, 6163.5690, 3792, 5793, 5794, 5795, 5796, FALCONER, LR., 1060.6411. FALKNER, T. 5815.
ENDO, M. 3943. FALLON, W.E. 676,952, 1140, 1143, 1146,ENDO, Y. 6412, "673. 3074, 3422, 3573.ENDOU, H. 4905. FANGE, R. 2528, 3013, 3075, 3076, 3077,ENGELSEN, H. 3030, 3797, 5798. 3879.ENGEN, P.C. 5918, 5922, 6432. FARA, 3. *155..ENGLE, L.B. 3359. FARBER, L 1738, 1739, 2529.ENOCH, C. 4400. FARIA, 3.G. 677.ENRIQUE, P. 2895. FARNSWORTH, N.R. 4391.ENRIQUEZ, M.B. 846, 4826. FARO, S.N. 3298, 3854.ERB, 3. 853. FARONA, M.F. 5816.ERDMAN, T.R. 134, 1399. FARRAR, 3. 3078.ERHARD, S. 1915. FARRINGTON, K. 4392.ERICKSON, K.L. 1246. FASH, FJ. 2556.
3-.k
380
3-.
FAUCOMPREZ, C. 4393. FLECHSIG, A.O. 5733.FAULKNER, D.3. 239, 1350, 1351, 2317. FLECKER, H. 244, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754,FAUR6-FREMIET, E. 1740. 1755, 1756, 3086, 4404, 5828.FAUST, E.S. 240, 1741, 2530, 2531, 3079, FLEDMAN, H.S. 4364.
3778, 4394, 5817, 51318 6413. FLEIG, C. 1757, 3087.FAUSTINI, R. 3053. FLEISHER, 3.H. 4405.FAUVEL, P. 3779. FLEMING, W.3. 2543, 2544.FAVA, E. 2943, FLEURY, R. 5829.FAY, P. 633. FLOESSNER, O. 4406, 407,440&.FAYRER, 3. 5319, 5820, 5321, 6414, 6415. FLORES, A. 6351, 6352.FEDER, H.M. 2532, 2533, 2534. FLOREY, E. 1758.FEENEY, R.3. 1312, 1566. FLORKIN, M. 1367, 3740.FEIGEN, G.A. 2355, 2535, 2536, 2537, FLURY, F. 245, 246, 2545, 3088.
2533, 2539. FOETTINGER, A. 2546.FEINSTEIN, M.B. 4395, 4396. FOGEL, B.3. 4409.FELDBERG, W. 1742. FOGG, G.E. 683.FELDMAN, D.5. 4379. FOHLMAN, 3.(P.) 6400, 6420.FELLMETH, E.L. 5188. FONNUM, F. 5890.FELSENFIELD, 0. 5866. FONSECA, F., DE. 247.FELSING, W.A., 3R. 678, 3030.' FONSSAGRIVES, 3.5. 4410, 4411, 4412,FENICAL, W. 601, 1153, 1194. 4413, 5830, 5831.FEREZOU, 3.P. 4393. FONTAINE, A.R. 1759, 2547.FERGUSON, W. 55. FONTAINE, M. 248, 684, 4399, #414.FIRLAN, 1. 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, FONZE-VIGNAUX, M.-T. 3870.
1779, 2186, 3433. FORBES, 3.3. 5421, 5422.FERNANDEZ, A. 5322. FORESTER, R.H. 679, 3082.FERNANDEZ DE OLIVIEDO, G.Y. 55. FORREST, H.S. 2076.FERNANDO, C.H. 5323. FORSTER, G. 57, 685, 987, 3089.FERRAZ-REYES, E. 1034, 3479. FORSTER, 3.R. 58, 59, 4415, 4416.FERRENDELLI, 3.A. 4397. FOSSEN, A. 6421.FERRY, C.B. 6416. FOSSET, M. 1374, 1709, 184-, Z;;.-, 2273,FEVAI, G. 4081, 4032. 3951, 4417, 4675, 5220.FIEDLER, K. 4874, 5982. FOULHOUX, P. 4265.FIGUERAS, A. 3081. FOURNIER, E. 4455.FINE. 3.(M.) 4361, 4398. FOWLER, H.W. 5832.FINGERMAN, M. 679, 3082, 4420. FOWLER, L.H. 3090.FIRLY, 5. 4399. FOX, D.L. 249.FISCHEL, F. 4400. FOX, .(WJ 6422, 6423.FISCHER, H.G. 4193, 4194, 4"995, 3487. FOXALL, T.L. 686, 3783.FISCHER, J.G. 6417. FRACHTMAN, H.3. 1760.FISCHER, K. 1479. rPRAGA, S. 687, 2686, 3091.FISCHER, P. 2848. FRANCII, D.G. 60.FISCHER, S. 5055. FRANK, G.B. 4418.FISH, C.3. 241, 680, 1748, 2540, 3083, FRANKEL, S. 2548.
4401, 5824, 6418. FRASER, EH. 1731.FISHELSON, L. 1378, 2028. FRASER, I.M. 726.FISHER, A.A. 242, 243, 681, 682, 1352, FRASER, 3.H. 688, 3784.
1353, 1749, 1750, 2541, 2542, 3084, FRASER. S.M. 2962, 3092.3780, 3781, 4402, 5825, 5826. FRASER, T.R. 6424, 6425, 6426. 7
FISHER, 0. 5827. FREDERICQ, L. 4419, 5833.FISHER, W.K. 3782. FREEBERG, L.R. 689.FISSINGER, N. 3085. FREEMAN, A.R. 4420.FITCH, J.E. 4403. FREEMAN, D. 6054.FITZSIMONS, F.W. 6419. FREEMAN, H.O. 1033.
381
,.:..FREPMAN, S.M.) 1761, '1762, 1763, 1764, FURUYA, K. 444•4443.• J1., 1766, 2260, 293, 30939, 3094, FUSETANI, N. 232,61, 692,693, 742, 743,3095, 3096, 32149 36*3. 18 17, *098, *270, 4271, 4563, 4570,
FPRENCH, G.E. 5834. 4571, 46*1.FRETTER, V. 3097.FREUDENTHAL, H.D. 250. GFREY, D.G. 2349.FREY, P.A. 3217. GADSBY, D.C. 440&.FREYVOGEL, T.A. 6427, 643 GAGE, P.W. 3002, 3103, 4166..,*.FRIEDERICH, C. 6429. - GAGE,,S.H. 533.3FRIEDLANDER, P. 3093, 3099. GAGE-DAY, M. 533 ..FRIEDMAN, W.F., 4636. • GAIL, (P.)R. 5839,6431.FRIESS, S.L. 2396, 2550,25531, 2552, 2553, GAILLARD, C. 4W7. ..
2554, 2513t 2356p 2557, 253M, 2559, GAILLARDOT, R. 5300.2731, 2696 26*7... GAITOND6, B.B. 6437, 6#38.
FRIGO, G. 5423. GA3ARDO, T.R. 4*L-.FRITZ, H. 1559, 1767, 1763, 2323, 2324, GALASSO, F. 34&.
;325, 2326 2323. GALEN, C. 62. -7 FROeS, H.P. 4421, 5335, 5836, 5337. GALERMAN, D.M. Y90, 2933, 3675.
FROHMAN, I.G.' 1769, 1770. GALLAGHER, M-.. 5.-1.FROMAGEOT, P 6630. GALLAGHER, M.P. 694.FRONERT, e.&. 233•, 2359, 2519. GALLER, S.R. 252.FROUIN, A. 4422. GALLI, P.M.- 449.FRYE, W.W. 5937. , GALLICHIO, H.A. 6341, 6342.,FRYKLUND, L. 6430, 6U1. GALIAY, D.M. 63..FUHRMAN, F.A. 310, 2560 3100, 3251, GALTSOFF, P.S. 695.. -
376, *423, 4424, 4425, *426, 4*27, GANDEL, V.G. 2366,4050. *..
4713, 4714•, 4752, 49", 6178, 5179, GANDELMANN, R. 4450.5381, 437. GANGAROSA, E.. 771, 3193, 49•*.
FUHRMAN, G.J. 3100, 442, 4426, 487. GANOWIAK, Z. 4451. ...FU31,S . 3167. GANS, C. 6613.FU3JI, R. 442L. GANTHAVORN, &. 6*32, 6701.FU31MCTO, K. 5069. GARABEDIAN, M.D. 3236.FU3ITA, K. 5312. GARBUS, 3. 1633.FU3ITA, T. 4429. GARCIA-CASTINEIRAS, S. 1772.FUJIWARA, E. 3101, 4430. GARCON, M. 1275, 276, 5545, 5546.FU31WARA, T. 2561. GARDINER, 3.E. 3930, 3931.FUKUDA, 3. *431. GARMAN, S. *452P 342.FUKUDA, T. 4*32, 4433, 434, 4435, 4*36, GARNET, J.R. 253, 1773, 3106, 3785,
*437, *438, 4439, 4*40, *4*1. 4453.FUKUI, Y. 1771- GARONI, W.3. 56"9.FUKUSHIMA, M. 61. GARRETT, A. 3107.FUKUYAMA, T. 4760. GARRIOTT,.3.C. 1774. 0FUKUYO, Y. 442, 502, 690, 3102, 3953, GARTH, 3.5. 3786, 3787.
4097. GASTEIGER, E.L. 2563.FULLERTON, W.V. 6629. GATES, J.A. 696, 3108.FULMOR, W. 141. GATEWOOD, 3.D. *454, 5843.FURK, D.M. 3103. GAULTIER, M. 445.FURTADO, 3.A. 4442.. GAUTIER, A. 4456.FORTH, 0., (VON.) 251, 2562, 3104. GAVRILOV, N. 4457.FURUHARA, Y. 485, 2334, 4046. GAWADE, S.P. 6433, 6434, 6435, 6436,FURUKAWA, S. 5096. 6437, 6438.FURUKAWA, T. 4443. GAY, W.S. 3577.FURUSAKI, A. 5420. GAZIO, A. 64.
382
7 GEAY, F. 6069. GIVEN, R. 2081.GEBAUER, E. 1986. GLACON, R. #214, 4215.GEDULDIG, D. 4693. GLAESSER, A. 3060, 3061, 3062.GEGENBAUR, C. 1775, 1776. GLAIZE, E.P. 5122.GEM, S.L. 6377, 6416, 6439, 6440, 6441, GLASER, L. 5004.
"6681. GLASER, O.C. 1780, 3126, 3127.GeIGER, E. 4458, 4459, 4460, 4461, 4462. GLASSER, H. 5857.GeLB, A.M. 4463. GLEY, E. 4224, 4225, 4226, 4227, 4228, .,-GELETYUK, V.I. 4253. #229, #230, 4231, 4232, 4233, 4234,-GELLER, 3.P. 254. 4235, 4236, 4473, 4474, 4475, 4476.GELLING, E.M.K. 2"97. GLOVININ, V.M. 66. J'.•GEMMER, H. 906, 1987, 3372, 3373, 3576. GMELIN, J.F. 67.GeMMILL, 3-S. 3109. GOAD, L.3. 2566.GENGOU, 0. 4464. GODET, G. 4477.GENNARO, 3.F., JR. 3110, 3111. GODIN, D.V. 2281."GiNTIL, F. 4213, 4215. GOE, D.R. 4478, 4479, 5858.GENTILE, 3. 697, 698, 796, 1085. GOERTZ, A. 4480.GEORGE, A. 4279. GOHAR, H.A. 4280. "6GERGEN, 3.A. 2563. GOS, H. 5089.GERMAN, V.P. 1354. GOLBERG, L. 675.GERSHEY, R.M. 699, 1030, 3112. GOLDENBERG, M.M. 4481.GERSHON, M.D. 4465. GOLDIN, S.M. 1036.GESNER, K. 65. GOLDMAN, D.E. 4248.GESSNER, 0. 255, 1355, 1777,3113, 4466, GOLDNER, R. 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606,
5845, 59846, 6442. 1611, 1781, 1782, 2219.GERVAIS, P. 4455. GOLDSMITH, E.D. 2567.GHAFFAR, A. 700. GOLDSTEIN, L 1871.GHAZAROSSIAN, V.E. 701, 702, 1100, GOLIN, S. 4482, 4821.
1101, 3341, 3342. GdMEZ, I.C. 4483, 5859.GHIRETTI, F. 28#3, 2844, 2845, 2846, GOMIOU, M.T. 705.
2847, 2848, 3059, 3114, 3115, 3116, GONCALVES, A.D. #'484, 4485, 5860,3117, 3118, 3119, 4467, 5214. 5861.
GIBAULT, R. 3232, 3236, 3238. GONOI, T. 4806.GIBBARD, 3. 3120,3121. GONZALEZ, D. 5862.GIBBONS, A.,. 5847. GONZALEZ, H. 5742, 6167.GIBBONS, R.3. 774, 3194. GONZALEZ, L.D. 5863, 5864.GIBBONS, W.A. 940. GOOCH, V.D. 856.GIBBS, F.3. 3122. GOODGER, W.P. 5865.GIBERMAN, E. 623. GORHAM, P. 541, 580, 581, 582, 640, 706,GIBSON, F.A. 5848. 707, 708, 709, 710, 768, 981.GILFILLIAN, E.S. 703, 3123. GOROG, M.A. 2664.GILL, T. 58*9. GOSS, C.C, 4296.GILL, W.W. 4468, 5850, 5851. GOT, R. 4486.GILLESSEN, D. 3599, 3600. GOTO, T. 4487, 4488, 4489, 4490, 4491, :GILLETT, K. 256, 1778, 2564, 3124, 4469. 4492.GILLIS, R.G. 5624, 5852. GOUAN, A. 68, 69.GILMAN, R.L. 4470. GOUDOU, D. 2236, 2237, 2240, 2241.GIMLETTE, J.D. 5853, 5854. GOULD, D.H. 1315.GINSBERG, D. 955. GOULD, W.M. 1607, 1608, 1611, 1632,GINSBURG, I. 5855. 1783.GIRALD!, T. 1779. GOUNELLE, H. 4493.GITSCHIER, 3. 704, 4471. GOYAL, R.K. 4494.GIULIANO, O. 3125. GRADWHOL, R.B. 5866.GIUNIO, P. 2565, 4472, 5856. GRAHAM, A. 3097, 3128. ""
383
GRAHAM, H.D. 23t, 655, 1p*6, 1721, GUILLAUD, M. 412.2515, 300%9 3773, 437, 5790, 6752. GUILLAUME, A. 4510, 5885.
GRAHAM, L.O. 495. GUILLON, A. 4511, 4512, 58U6.GRAHAM, S.A. 44%, 5867. GUILLORY, R.3. 4513.GRAINSER, C.R. 86. GUILLUY, F.H.3. 5887.
4Z GRALL, C. 4497, 3369, 5870. ''ý GUINOT, D. 3789.GRALL, I.R. 711, 712, 849. GUL, S. 6443. ,eGRANADE, H.L 4498. GULDAGER, A. 721, 3790.GRANT, E.M.'4522.- GUMILLA, R.P. 72, 73.GRANT, G& 112. GUNTER, G. 722, 723, 724, 3138.GRANT P.T. 2632. -- GUNTHER, A.(C.) 4514, 58988 5889.GRASSI, P.(P.) 3779, 5871. GUNTHER, R.T. 259.GRAUER, F.H. 8, 713p 714, 715. GUPTA, K.C. 2569. 0GRAY, 3. 27m5. GUSTAFSON, 1. 2383.GRAY, 3.E. 3129. GUTHERTZ, L.S. #842.GRAY, W.R, 2971, 3130. GUTTMAN, R. 4515.GREEN, G. 1300, 1356, 1357, 2373, 2568. GUY, H.R. 1785.GREEN, K.C.B. 5872.- GUZMAN, L. 725.GREENAWAY, P. 3122. GWEE, M.C.E. 1210. .GREENE, -. 1768. GYR, P. 3022, 3023, 3024, 3026, 3027,GREENHALGH, R. ••, 583, 2359, 2929. 3028, 3029.GREENWOOD, P.H. 5873.GREGORY, C.R. 4499. HGREGSON, R. 3599, 3600.GREIG, D.M. 5874. HAAKE, P.C. 2563.GRELIS, M.E. 3t31. HAAS, H.G. 5022, 5026, 5397. -"GRENAN, M.M. 6572,6727. HAAVALDSEN, R. 5890.GRESSIN, L. 5875. HABEKOST, R.C. 726.GREVIN, 3. 70, 71. HABERMANN, E. 1786.GRIFFIN, D.H. 3788. HABERMCHL, (G.G.) 260, 261, 262, 727,GRIFFITHS, A.B. 7161 3132, 3133. 1358, 1787, 1788, 2570, 2571, 2572,GRIGG, R.W. 5733. 2573, 2574, 2575, 4516, 5891, 6444.GRIMBLE, A. 4500. HABERINOLL, A. 5892.GRINDLEY, .R. 717, 71 HAD 0, L. 2535, 2536, 2538.GRINNELL, A.D. 4501, 4749. HADLEY, H.G. 1789.GROPP, F. 719. HAEMPEL, 0. 4623, 5893, 5933.GROSCH, K3. 313*. HAFE MANN, D.R. 4517, 5461.GROSSMAN, 3. #821. HAGER, L.P. 1040, 1403.GROTONDORST, C. 178'. HAGEYID, W.A. 591, 2934.GROVE, RX. 1824. HAGGER, L.T. 4518.GRUBB, R. 4502. HAGIWARA, H. 3209.GRUENER, R. 4127, 4503. HAGIWARA, S. 4519, 4520.GRUtRE, 3.B. 257. HAHIN, R. 728, 3139, 3605.GRUNDFEST, H. #504, 5014, 5015, 5103. HALEVY, S. 730.GRUNFELD, Y. 720. HALEVY, W. 729.GRUPPER, C. 258. HALEY, T.J. 6263.GRYNFELTT, E. 3135, 3136. HALL, L.M. 704, 4471.GSELL, O. 3137. HD.LL, S. 731, 3140.GUBAREFF, P.M. 4505. HALLEN, A.H. 3141.GUDGER, E.W. 4506, 4507, #508, 5876, HALSTEAD, B.W. 223, 263, 264, 265, 266,
5A77, 5879, 5880, 5881, 5882. 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274,GUEVARA, 3. 5883. 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 632, 726,GUIB4, 3. 4509, 5884. 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 1359, 1360,GUILLARD, R.R.L. 1245. 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366,
384
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1637, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, HARTMAN, W.3. 3153.1793, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800. HARVEY, A.L. 6455, 6456, 6457, 6458.1805, 1923, 2039, 2576, 2577, 2578, HARVEY, 3.A. 4937.2579, 2580, 2.81, 2582, 2876, 3142, HARTWICK, R.(F.) 1812, 2313.3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, HASEGAWA, 0. 2357.3149, 3150, 3151, 3264, 3480, 3730, HASEGAWA, S. 4806.3770, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3794, 3795, HASHIMOTO, K. 4641, 4653.379, 3797, 3798, 3799, 3800, 3801, HASHIMOTO, T. 2662. .-: -3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 3807, HAShIMOTO, Y. 282, 283, 284, 691, 692, ".'.-.'.:.3873, 4334, 4478, 4479, 4521, 4522, 693, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745,4523, 4524, 452.3, 4526, 4527, 4528, 746, 747, 804, 838, 944, 952, 1369, 1370,4529, 4530, 4531, 4532, 4533, 4534, 181.3, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1872,4535, 4336, 4537, 4538, 4539, 4540, 1873, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2772,4541, 4542, 4543, 4544, 4545, 4546, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 3154, 3155,4547, 4548, 4549, 4550, 4616, 4729, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161,5171, 3516, 5894, 5895, 5896, 5897, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3244, 3290, 3422,5898, 5899, 5900, 5901, 5902, 5903, 3567, 3568, 3641, 3724, 3809, 3810,5904, 5905, 5906, 5907, 5908, 5909, 3811, 3812, 3813, 3814, 3915, 3816,5910, 5911, 5912, 5913, 5914, 5915, 3817, 3818, 3819, 3820, 3821, 3822,5916, 5917, 5918, 5919, 5920, 5921, 3830, 3849, 3850, 3851, 3852, 3873,5922, 5936, 6038, 6094, 6110, 6300, 3882, 3833, 3884, 3933, 3959, 4251,6445, 6446, 6447, 6448, 6449, 6450, 4270, 4558, 4559, 4560, 4561, 4562,6451, 6452, 6753, 6754, 6755, 6756, 4.563, 4564, 4565, 4566, 4567, 4562, -6757. 4569, 4570, 4571, 4572, 4573, 4574,
HAMANN, 0. 2583. 4575, 4576, 4577, 4578, 4579, 458.8,HAMER, P. 4875. b702, 4703, 4775, 4951, 4986, 5047,HAMILTON, RJ. 1801. 5048, 5099, 5100, 5311, 5495, 5549,HAMILTON, W. 4551. 5925, 5926, 6459, 6460, 6461, 6758,HAMMFN, C.S. 1367. 6759.HAMON, MU 1802, 1803. HASHIMURA, S. 3937.HAND, C. 1804. HASIGUTI, M. 4580.HANESSIAN, S. 1368. HASSAN, A.A.B. 4153.HANIU, M. 2231. HASSEIT, A.W.M., VON. 285.HANSEN, P.A. 1805. HASSEL, D.W. 3770.HANSEN, T.3. 1806, 1807. HASTINGS, S.G. 1818.HANSEN BAY, C.M. 738, 3152, 4552. HATANO, M. 4573, 4581, 4582, 4583, 4584,HARADA, 1. 6453, 6650. 4585, 4586, 4587, 4588, 4589, 4703,HARANT, H. 3779. 5565.HARDINGE, M.G. 3705. HATTA, S. 3165.HARDISON, C.D. 5649. HATTON, B. 2012.HARDY, E. 4553. HATTORI, Y. 450, 748, 2791, 3166, 3167,HARKINS, M.3. 5950. 3823.HARMON, R.W. 281. HATTORI, Z. 6556, 6557, 6558, 6559, 6560.HARMS, F. 4554. HAVELKA, B. 4590.HARPUR, D. 988, 3450. HAWES, R.S.3. 863.HARRIS, G. 5923. HAWES, S.C. 5927.HARRIS, 3.B. 4555, 4556, 6454. HAWKEY, P. 2824.HARRIS, L.S. 5425, 5426. HAWKINS, 2. 2881.HARRISON, C.S. 4405. HAYAKAWA, Y. 794, 3207.HARRY, R.R. 4557. HAYAMA, T. 4591.HARTMAN, 3. 5924. HAYASHI, E. 3168, 3169, 3824.HARTMAN, K.R. 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811. HAYASHI, H. 2609, 4592,HARTMAN, O. 3808. HAYASHI, K. 6462, 6503, 6650.HARTMAN, W.D. 1320. HAYASHI, M. 4973.
385 -WY ::"::
HAYATSU, R. 343& .HIBIYA, T. 3939, 5177. .HAYDEN, A.L. IS2O. HICKS, A. 1832.HAYES, H.L. 7*9. HIDAKA, T. 1223, 3646, 551.HAYES, M. 750, 3170. HIDER, P.C. 6466.HEAD, R.N. 936. HIDER, R.C. 6*03.HEARD, 3. 163*. HIGA, T. 2012, 3826, 3827.HEATH, H. 3171. HIGGINS, 3.E. 620, 622, 758.HEATWOLFE, H. 6463, 633. HIGMAN, H.B. 638, 639, 2513, 2990, 2991,HEBARDI H.G. 5919. • 4351.HEDGPETH# 3.W. 1819. HILL, E.B. 3179.WHEESTERMAN, J.E. 4593. HILL, E.S. 4617, 461,;. *'....:
HENNING, R. 6760. HILL, 3.E. 6749.HEPPER, B.T., 3825. HILL, R. 4619, 4620.HEFTMANN, e, 1820. HILL, W.F. 622.HEILBRUNN, L.W. 2588. HILL, W.H. 759, 3180.HEIMBECKER, R.O. *594. HILLE, B. 760, 1686, 621.HEISE, H.A. 751, 752. HILLIARD, D.K. 3383.HEISER, V.G. 4395. HILLMUTH, 3. *622.HELFRICH, P. 753, 4112, 4113, 4114, HILZHEIMER, M. 4623,5933.
4115, *116, *117, *118, *596, 4597, HIMMS, 3.M. 2883.3598, 4599, 4600, *601, 4602, *603. HINE, A.E. 4350.
HELLWIG, E. 3172. HINEGARDNER, R.T. 3181, 3182.HELM, M.M. 75*, 3825. HINES, K. 1833, 1905.HELM, T. 28& HINTON, S. 5934.HELM, T.W., MI. 592L , HIRAI, M. 3245.HELLMANN, K. 2882. HIRANO, T. 3183.HEMINGWAY, G.T. 3173. HIRASE, S. 1834.HEMMERT, W.H. 755. HIRATA, Y. 1835, 1941, 226*, 2637, 2766,HENDERSON, D. 1821. 3718t 4487, 4*88, 4489, 4*90, 4491,HENDERSON, G.E. 1050, 3*88. 4492, 4624, 699.HENDERSON, L. 1727, 1728. HIROTA, T.R. 4625.HENDC-2SON, P.&. 7C. HiROTSU, K. 2317.HENDERSON, R. 756, 757, 4301, 4604, HIRSCH, 3. 4626.
*605, 4606. HISHIKARI, 3. 462?.HENRI, V. 1822, 2389. HIYAMA, Y. 761, 4628, 4629, 4630, 5935.HENZE, M. 1371, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177. HIYOSHI, K. 4805.HEPPER, B.T. 754. HOAR, W.S. 4631.HERALD, E.5. 5929. HOCHNER, G. 3925.HERCUS, 3. 1823. HOFFMANN, W.H. 4632, 4633, 4634, 4635.HdRICOURT, 3. 4607, *608, 4609. HOFMANN, E. 6428.HERMITTE, LC. 3178. HOGBERG, B. 1836, 1837.HERNANDEZ, F. 75. HOGE, A.R. 6467. .:.HERRE, A.W.(C.T.) 4610, 4611, 4612, HOGG, 3.3. 1321.
5930, 5931, 6*6*, 6465. HOKAMA, Y. 762, 4636, 4637, 4755.HERTEL, L.W. 2512. HOLDEN, H.F. 6485.HESS, A.F. 4613. HOLDER, P.R. 1429, 1430.HESS, R. 4863. HOLDWAY, P.A. 763.HESSEL, D.W. 223, *614, 4615, 4616. HOLLIGAN, P.M. 986, 987.HESSINGER, D.A. 1689, 1690, 1824, 1825, HOLLOWAY, J.E. 5936. •
1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, HOLMAN, M.E. 4572.1929, 1930, 2230. HOLMSTEDT, B. 3184, 4366.
HESTRIN, S. 1272. HOLTHUIS, L.B. 3828. .-.HEWITT, G.H. 5932. HOLTZ, F. 1469, 1470, 1471.,HEYL, M.G. 689, 885, 1216, 2247, 3631. HOMMA, M. 6468, 6469, 6702.
386
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4 HONDA, S. 463L HUMM, H.J. 2U, 773.HONG, B.5. 6703,6 710, 6717. HUMPHRIES, 3. 344.
- HONG, S.K. 33C1, 6206. HUMPHREYS, F.A. 771, 3194.HOPKINS, D.G. 3135. HUNG, Y.L 6732."HOPLEY, C.G. 6470. HUNT, 0. 77", 3195.HOPP*.-SYLER, PA. 2590 HUNT, J.W. "67.HORA, S.L 4639. HUNTE R, G.W. 323, 3334, 5937.HORACK, H.L. 5313, 620. HUNTLEY, B.E. 622.HORI, H. 4"40, 3070 3071, 6471, 6474, HUPALO, 3U.M. 370, 4137.
6475, 6672. HURAD, M. 6340.HOR, K. 4(41. HURLEY, R. 1911LHORII, L 4742. HURST, L.W., JR. 776, 1233, 2977.HORN,L 4939. HURST, W.C. 3933
:-, HORN, Rt. 4"2. HURTEL, 3.M. 502, 505, 600, 777, 4097,HORNELL, 3. 764, 3123L 4102, 42;2, 4649.HORNING, E.C. I301. HUTCHINS, D.E. 4650.
-•.'. HOROlICZ, P. 46,7. HUTNER, S.H. 773, 319(.HORST, M.D. 1133 HUrTTON, R.F. 779, 710, 3197.H•RSTADIUS, S. 2391. HYDe, LM. 3193.HORSTMAN, D.A. 933, 3450. HYMAN, LH. 2M9, 721, 22, 3329.HOSOYA, Y. 0443. HYNES, 3LA. 142.
* HOUCK, 3. 76•..HOUe Me R, e. 6077. 1HOUSSAY, L. 297.HOUTTUYN, M. 76. 7A. 2633.HOVASSE, R. 133y. IBRAHIM, S.A. 6473.HOWARD, B.D. 6552. IDl, M. 5059.HOWARD, LD., 3R. 2039. IDLER, D.R. 2527.HOWARD, W.L.) 1102, 3543. IDYLL, C.P. 290, 1372, 2"3, 31"9.HOWDEN, M.Ek.L 250.% Z-43, 2344, 2967, IGARASHI, H. 4319, 53•3,
3127, 329, 356&. IGARASMI, 1. 6557.HOWELL, 3.F. 76&. tGAWA, K. 4651.HSEU, T.H. 6472. IGLESLAS, M.S. 4652.HSIANG, N.S. 4443. 'tJIMA, T. 4633•HSU, C.P. 767, 1141, 1142, i1, IM3, *IO(KA, K. 3200, 3201, 3202, 3403.
3574. IKAWA, M. 452, 453, 567, 6316, 732, 783,HUANG, C.L. 1340, 3239. 734, 1084, 1147, 1209, 3733.
"* * HUANG, L.-Y.M. 44. IKEDA, T. 735."HUANG, M.-C. 1120. IKEDA, Y. 4741, 4742.HUANG, T.F. 464 . IKEGAMI, S. 2,•4, 2395, 259%, 25)7, 2598,HUBBS, C.L. 40& 2604.HUBER, G.&. 6319. IKUMA, S. ý439, 5440, 5441, 3442, 3444.1-UBeRT, B. 3190. ILANI, A. 913.HUCHO, F. 1341, 2163, 5273. IMAHASI, T. 4654.HUDAK, W.V. 2535. IMAI, M. 716, 792.
.. y HUDSON, l.E. 54, 1220. IMATOMI, Y. 9"7, 341.L* HUDSON, MJ. 2124. IMBITR, J.C. 3203.
HUDSON, R.A. 639. INABA, 0.1. 6164.HUF, B. 2053. INABA, M. 4635.HUGHES, E. 768. INAGAKI, F. 6474.HUGHtS, 3.M. 769, 770, 771, 775, 3191, INAKO, Y. 4633.
3192, 3193, 3193, 44"7, 464.L INCZE, L.S. 861, 3330.HIJLET, W.HL 1342. INERING, k., VON. 291.HULME, F.e. 772. INGEBRETSEN, W.R., IR. "63&.
337
VIGER, RP.? 4625. IZATTo 1 3019,3025.VKGlAM, H.R. 7Ms SW 0930 3204v 3205, WUMI, T. 2130.
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INHOVE, K. 736, M92 352L. 3ACOSS, "S t704.W4OVeo S. 53m2 3ACOSSENt .G.1373.
* HO-l! S. *460 *4"t. 3ACOSSON9 A. 1394.INTERNATIONAL COU4CIL FOR THlE JACCBY,MLL 13*7.
EXPLORATION OF THE SEA. 793. 3ACQUEMAIN, R. 3237.IOMtNNDES, G. 13*3. 3ACQUESt RL,13*3IREDALE,?T. 3206. 3ACQUE-S, Y. 137*t 18*91, 2125, 4,675iMRel, M.Y. 1*34. 5152, 5220IRIE, T. 79*, 3207. 3AECKEL, S. 3212.ISGROVE, A. 3203. 3AGGARO1 P.3. 797, *4U"M%81 A. 3264 3AHN, T.L. 7M3 1009.ISlIDA, A. 5062 3AIMOVUICII L. "77, 3053.
~6 ISHIDATE, U. 3209. 3AKOWSKAv S. 1,375, 139*, 1*07, 23s99ISHMHAM, F. 4629 46639 U"6 2600, 265.151111S. 6*12. 3ALYIY4G9 U.A. Wk5.t SI*KA VA, Y. 13"t, 6475t 46M2 3AMeS, UJ., 3213.5HIUA, Y. 46631 *46 3AMESON, K. "622.IS#IMO0A, S. 3201, 3202. 3AMWESON, D. 11"7.BHIZAKA, K. *7A0 *731, 4732, 47n3, 3A~e Re,. 77.
47"t, *75, *73m 3ANISZEYWSKI, L 5089.51V40, A. 3337. 3ANKA, IL 1*66ISOARASlU, L 6557. 3AQJes, i. *67mMRAELU.A 336*. 3AR1VI,3. 799.ITAI, T. 31639,3210. 3ARY13, MVW. 2963, 321*fTAKURA, T. 4667v *4" 3AVAD, P.8. *757.ITO, H. 5333. JAYAKA3, V.V. 5197.ITO, 3. *469. MULLNK, C. 2*3.LIT0OT. *973, 011, 6020. HENNINGS, PLX. 300, 1350, 2601.
j ITOH, K. 793, 3211. 3CENSEN, A. 1076, 3517.ITOH, M. *3*9 2129, 28301, 2331, 2332, JENSEN, D. 4679.
*04,940*. 3ERINA, D.M. 133&.ITOH, T. 6763. 3ESSEN, & 203'9.fTOKAVA, Y. "470. 30, BJL 6711.IVANOY, CH. P. 6476. 3OE N!SeN,KH.D. 301, 3331.171ANOY, 0. CX. 6476. J3tIANNPS, R.E.- 3215.IVANOV, Y.N. 2073. JOHANSSON, P. *430.
* IVY, A.C. 50SL 30HNSW, L. *431.IVAKA WA, K. *671. JOHNSON, O.G. 292, W42.IWAMOTO, M. "472. JOHNSON, G. 3219.IVANAGA, S. "4L3 3OHNSON, G.L. 653.IVANZOFP, N. 183*. JOHNSO, H.M. 302, 303, 3216, 3217.IZAR0, Y. 6357, 63"9, 63,60. JOHNSON, M.A. 6434.
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3OHNSON, M.Y. 1151, 3213. KAISIN, M. 2261.3OHNSON, R.M. 6237. KAKIMOTO, K. 3243.3OiNSTON, D.G. 1376, 152., 2602, 3220, KAKISAWA, H. 4699.
5"0. KALAN, e.B. 978.JOHNSTON, G. f5. KALLAI-SANFACON, M.A. 4700.3OHNSTON, J.R. 1033. KALTENBRON, 3.5. 1368.3OLY, M. 3239, 3240. KAMBARA, T. 3618, 5333.3ONES, A.C. 621, 2973. KAMENSKAIA, M.N. 6478.JONes, e.C. 3221. KAMEYAMA, M. #431.3ONeS, G. 4367, 5735, 5736. KAM-INSHI, K. 4701.3ONES, H.M. 3332. KAMIYA, H. 7", 746, 804, 3157, 3164,JONES, H.R. 4633. 3244, 3811, 3315, 3318, 4564, 4565,3 00Nlm I H. W. 4 . 4576, 4#77, 4578, 4579, 4702, 4703.3ONES, 3.0. "3. KAMIYA, S. 3210.JONeS, O.A. 293. KAMIYA, Y. 259,, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598,3ONLES, S. 4" 260k,
JORDAN, D.S. "637, 46U. KANAI, T. 4704.3ORDAN, E.O. 3222. KANAYAMA, R.K. 5176.3ORDON, A.L 313. KANAYAMA, S. 4705.3ORG, M.1. W1. KANCIRUK, P. 2156.JOSEPH. D. 6355, 6356. KANDA, M. 5449."3OU, E.D. 6472. KANeKO, T. 1201.JOUAN, H. 4639, 4690. KANG, L.W. 6166.3OUBIN, L 3223, 3224. KANNA, K. 3160, 3245, 3385, 3386, 3387.3OUR, G. 4100. KANNO, K. 805, 3246, 3247, 3243, 3721,3OUGE, L 5942. 4706.3OYEUX, C. 294, 491. KANNO, M. 4707.3OYO, B. 4755. KANO, R. 6329.3UAN, H. #692. KANZAKI, 31 4725.UBILENI ZBORNIK MeDICINSKE KAO, C.S. 6479.
FAKULTelT•,194-1953. 5943. KAO, C.Y. 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811,3DIteFND, T.F. 3264, 4729. 812, 813, 1243, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252,3ULLIeN,A. 2339, 2927, 3225, 3226, 3227,' 3253, 3674, 4708, 4709, 4710, 4711,
3229, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 4712. 4713, 4714, 4715, 4716, 4717,3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3233, 3239, 4718, 4719, 4720, #860, 3012, 5381.3240, 3241, 3,63, 3666, 3467, 366,, KAO, H. "48.
00. 39. KAPLAN, (A,)P. 1613, 1614,1934.•NUNGE, D. 4193. KAPUSTINA, I.L 465, 2800.
.3JUPTNER, H. 5"4. KARIYA, S. 4721.3UVALE, NJ. 5197. KARLING, T.G. 32,4.
Ai KARLSSON, e. 297, 314, 3255, 4722,6430,K 6480, 6481.
KARNS, T.K.B. 819, 1853.KABeSHIMA. 5"5. KARUNARATNE, K.X.S. 6482.KABUKI, e. 4694, 4695. KASAMI, K. 1%20.KADIN, S. 6481. KASHIWAGI, M. 929, 2032, 20M2, 2023,KADIRI, A. 3203. 2279.KAEMPFER, e. 79, 46%6. KASH-IWATI, L.M. 2033.KAEUFFER, H. 4033, 4697. KASHMAN, Y. 1373, 202S.KAHAN, L.B. 1331. KASK, J.L. 4723.KAHN, 3. 1025 KAT, M. 815, 316, 3256, 3257.
. KAIBARA, Y. 30. KATAG;, R. 4724,KAISER, e. 295, 2%, 1377, 1853, 2603, KATANO, H. 5016.
3242, 3333, 5946, 6477. KATAYAMA, C. 2264.
389S..
.KATNUMA, M. 349. KERR,, W1 . 4744.KATO, E. 64536 6484. KESTELCXT, M. $I.KATO, M. 3169. KESTEVEN, L.5,9.KATO, Y. 117, 31, 133, 32$, 3239, 3260. KEW, C.K. 4745.KATSUKI, S. 21M0. KEYL, (M.)3. 3271, 3272, 3273.KATSUKI, Y. 4725. KEYNES, R.D. 4746.KAUFFELD, C. 6393. KEYS, V.E. S24, 3274.KAUL, P.N. $19, It* 1337o L KHARA, 3-S. 43."KAWAGUTM, S. 1 139. KHARITON, 3 . 044h . 147.
SKAWABATA, T. 3261, 3262, 3263, 326t KHLENTZOS, VQT. 4747.3263, 47261 #727, #72, 4729, 4730, KHLNRTOV, C.L 47&
4731, 4732, 4733, 4734, 4733, 4736. KHOO, H.1. 1210. .KAWAKAMI, K. 4737. KIDOKORO, Y. 4749.KAWAKUBO, Y. 473L. KIDRON, M. 1029.KAWAMATAt K. 1224, 347. KIERNIK, Lt. 2607.KAWAMURA, M. 4739, 4740, 5312, 3433, KIKKAWA, T. 4730, o 523, 3333.
5434, 54339 3436,t 437t 3439, 5439, KIKUCHI, K. #73L.3440, 5441,0442, 444. KIKUCHI, R. 310. -
KAWAMURA, Y. 6560, 623.L KILLIS, P.3. #405.KAWASAKI, M. 4573. KIM, K-&. 170L.KAWASIR9O, L 3266. KIM, K,& 1.KAY, 3. 6376. KIM, R. 4751.KAYABA, 3. 3267. KIM, Y.H. 4376, #752.KAYALOF, L. 1322, 2539, 2603- KIM, Y.S. 32-526, 327,3123,29,130, 9%1,KAYAMA,M. A447•, 742. 962, 3, 1252.KAYSER, H. 30 KIMATA, M. 4753.KAZDA, F. 3947. KIMBALL, MA. "S39.KE ANA, 3...W. "354, 5335. KIMHI, Y. 533L3KEEGAN, H.L. 293, 299 300, 301t 1U0, KIMlJRA, A. 2608, 2609.
6733. KIMURA, H. 4734. -
KE!LE, C.A. 302. KIMURA. LOW "137, 4755.KEEN, T.E.B. 1701, 1702, 1M 1, t132, KIMURA, S. 86 1317, 1372, 1373, 4#7,
1363 1364, 1"36, 1866. #571, 4756.KEENAN, 3.P. 3033. KIMURA, T. 3232,L 32•3.
KEHOe, 3. 3011. KIMURE, S. 6471.KEIL, . 3363. KING, H. 3•44.KEITH, H.L. 3217. KINGHORN, A.D. #757.KEL.beTZ, S. 3395. KINGHQRN, IR. 6490, 6491.KELEN, E.M.A. 3". KINGSTON, C.W. 117% 1373, 2209.KELETI, G. 321. KIN30, K. 4376.KELLAWAY, CJI 322, 1367, 3263, 3269, KINNEL, R. 2610, 3275.
3270, 643" , 6436, 6491. KINOSHITA, T. 4"61.KELECOM, A. 2606. KINSCHERF, D.A. 4397.KELLY, 3.A., 3R. 649. KIRPeKAR, S.M. 475LKELLY, RD. 69. KIRPENKO, Y. 331.KEM, W.R. I363, I369, 3749, 3750, 3751, KIS.%M, Y. 1193, 1201, 4437, 443, 4489,
3334, 3335, 3336, 3837, 3333, 3839, 49Q, 4491, 4492, #739, 4760, 5392. 1%3•40, 3341, 3942, 3343, 3493. KITAGA WA, 1. 2611, 2612.
KENNAN, D. 2395. KITAGAWA, T. 792, 1376.KENNEDY, 3.R., 3R. $23. KITAMURA, T. 2835.KENNY, E.. 5"9L KITCHEN, W.L 25"Z!.KEPNER, W.A. 1870, t871. KITSON, A. (761.KERGUeLEN, Y.3., DE. 474 3. KITTREDGE, 3.5. 2379.KERMORGANT. 6437. KLAUDER, 3.V. 5950.
390
KLAUS, G. 303, 832, 1379, 1877, 2613, KOPACZEWSKI, W. 4778, 4779, 4780,3276. 4781, 4782, 4783, 4784, 4785, 4786.
KLAUSEWITZ, W. 5951. KOPEYAN, C. 11970.KLAWE, W.L. 3845, 6492. KOPIA, G.A. 4787.KLEIN, D. 2664. KOPSTEIN, P.F. 306, 1883, 2614, 5958.KLEIN, M. 3923. KORNALIK, F. 307, 839, 1884, 2615, 3291,KLEIN, W.E. 1878. 4788, 959. .KLEINHAUS, A.L. 1879, 4720, 4762. KORNALIK, R. 6497.KLEIN-MC PHEE, G. 909t 4957. KOROTKIKH, ]..Y. 463, 2300.KLEIZEN, H.G. 983. KOSAKI, T.(I.)f 4789, 4790, 4791, 4792,KLEMMER, K. 6493, 6494. 3187, 3188.KLINE, e.S. 18•0, 1981, 1918. KOSERSKY, (D,)S. 5423, 5426.KLINE, G.F. 3277. KOSHIKAWA, S. 4904.KLOSS, R. 833. KOSSEL, A. 3853.KLOTZ, L.R. 5952. KOSSELL, H. 6761.KLOTZ, S.D. "592. KOSTRIKEN, Rý 526, 327, 2864, 2863.KLUGE, G.A. 3846. KOSUGE, T. 3292, 3293, 6469.KNICKZLBEIN, R.G. 4763. KOTAKI, Y. 840, 3248, 3722, 4793.KNOWLES, R. 6493. KOTOKU, S. 5362.KNOX (KNOCH), G. '764, 4765, 5953. KOTSIAS, S.A. 1002.KOBA, K. 6496. KOVALEVSKAII A.O. 308.KOBAYASHI, M. 6549. KOZLOWSKI, 31 5960.
KOBAYASHI, T. 4266,4766. KRAMP, P.L. 1533, 1883, 1886, 1897,KOBERT, R. 304, 303, 4767, 4768, 4769, 1888.
3954, 5955, 3956. KRAUS, R. 6498.KOCH, H.3. 834, 3278, 3279. KRAUSE, R. 3294, 3293, 3296.KOCH, R.B. 2253. KREBS, H.C. 1532, 1333.KOCH, T. 4770. KREFFT, G. 6499, 6500.KOFeTSU, K. 4771. KRICK, E.S. 5481.KOFOID, C.A. 835, 836, 1163, 3280, 3586. KRIDER, M.M. 12739.KOH, K.H. 6312. KRISTENSON, A. 1889.KOHL. H. 4772. KROEGER, H. 719.KOHLER, F. 3231, 4773. KROGH, A. 6762.KOHN, A.3. 3282, 3283, 3284, 32:3, 3236, KROGH, M. 6762.
3287, 3288, 3289. KROGH, P. 3297, 4796.KOHN, S.K. 2397, 2637, 2936, KROP, S. 36811iKOIZUMI, K. 4774. KROPACH, C. 6501.KOKETSU, K. 6483, 64894. KRUEGER, B.KL 941, 4794.KOLS, 3.N. 82. KRUGER, P. 4795.KOLT, R. 573. KRUSE, K.P. 4.54.KOMAI, T. 1882. KUBA, K. 6483; 6484.KOMAROV, S.A. 4883. KUBERSKI, T. 4091.KOMAROVSKY, B. 837. KUBOTA, Y. 3265.KOJIMA, K. 6722, 6723. KUDAKA, K. 4797.KONDO, T. 3266. KUDO, T. 67421,KONDO, Y. 2954. KUGA, T. 47984.KONISHI, K. 3817, 3847. KUHN, G.D. 5920.KONNEMANN, C. 5957. KOHN, K. 54871.KONOSU, S. 838, 9*4, 3163, 3290, 3812, KULKARNI, S.K. 819, 1858.
3818, 3819, 3820, 3821, 3822, 3830, KUMADA, H. 886.3848, 3849, 3850, 3851, 3852, 3882, KUMADA, T. 4799, 5961.4574, 4377, 4578, 4775, 6461. KUMAGAI, S. 1200.
KONSTANSOFF, S.W. 4776. KUMMER, K. 2328.KONSTANSOV, S.V. 4777. KUMP-R, H.J. 4949.
391
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KUMURA, S. MO.. LANE, F.W. 3305.KUNINOBUt L.S. 5919. LANE, W.L 1536, 1540, 3306, 3611, 3612.KUNISHO, K. 4801. *,- . LANG, A. 3357.KUNNCMANN, M. 3003. LANG, 0. 413.KUNTZ, R.E. 6502. LANG3AHR, S.W. 2379.
ý' KUNYAMA, K. 2612. LANGLAIS, PJ. 2879.KURAISHI, Y" 6503. LARSEN, 3.& 1313, 1903, 1906, 1907,KURAMOTO, M. 2609. 1908, 1909, 1910, 2254.KURIAKI, K. *302, *803, 480t, 4803. LARSEN, N.P. 4317, #813.KURLAND, L.T. 3293t 3354. LARSON, E. 344, 4432, 4312, 4819, #320,KUROMI,qH. 80 4821, 4822, 423, 4#24, #425.KURCS•E, T. 3299. LASKER, R. 85, 2632.KURZE, G. 309, 3300, 335. LASLEY, BJ. 2613.KUSANO, K. 4807. LASSABL1.RE, (M.)P. 1381, 2619..KUSHNIR, M. 1010. LATUASAN, H.E. 5466.KUTSCHER9 F.- 163, 4406, 407. LATZER, P. 222.KUZNETSOV, N. 4303. LAUFFER, M.A. 338.3KUZNETSOVA, T.A. 235, 2519. LAUGIER, S. *091.KYLE, H.M. 4370, 5789. LAURENT, P. 3241.
L LAURITZEN,L 6612.SL LAUTERWEIN, 3. 6504.
LAVENDER, A.R. 5167.LABBeY, L 3. LAVIE, V. 5161, 6038.LABILLAR[IRE, 3J.' 5•62. LAVOCET, A. 5968.LACgPtDE, B.G., DE. *4 35t, 36, 37. LAVOIE, M.E. 2620, 3307.LACKEY, 3.L. 842. LAWRENCE, D.N. 846, 4926.LACOSTE, M.L. 5963. LAZARO, E. 765.LADAVAC, 3. 1953, 5,6*. LAZDUNSKI, M. 1374, 1461, 1709, 1849,LADUe, K.T. 2739. 1911, 1912, 1970, 2123, 2124, 2125,LA FAVRE, H.B. 336. 2273, 3950, 3951, 4267, 4417, #6751,LAGLER, K.F. 4309, 5965. 5152, 5•2LA GRANDE, R.G. 569L. LEA, A.M. *827."LAGRAULET, 3. 3301, 4310. LEA, R.N. 49-5. "LAIGRE, 3. 4311. LEAKE, & 296.LAIGRET, 3. 310, 501, 1890, 2616, 3302, LEAKE, C.D. 311, 3462.
4093, 3%6. LEBeR,A. 432L3LAING, A.C. 1212. LEBEZ, D. 1744, 17459, 1746, 1747, 1913,LAKSHMANAN, S. 2212. 2034, 2186, 3308. -2LAKSO, 3.D. 1391. LECCHINI,S. 5423.LALONE, R.C. 4312, *822, 4*23, *324, LEDDA, F. W8.9.
4#35. LE DEAUT, 3.-Y. 3309.LAMB-itT, 3.3. 4900. LEDEEN, R. 23".LAMOUREUX, P. 437, 652, 3737, 3774, LE DOUARJN,G. 2 830.
40*8, 4363. LEDRUT, 3. 3310.LAMPRIERE, W. 83. LEDUC, Y. 1915.LAND, B.R. #313. LEE, C. 4831.LANDE. 3303. LEE, C.Y. 1120, 6505, 6506, 6507, 6508LANDOWNE, R.A. 1564. 6509, 6310, 6532, 6533, 6739.LANE, C.E. 288, 843, 1380, 1774, 1818, LEE, 35. 3311.
1833, 1842, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, LEE, K.S. 4332.1896, 1397, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, LEE, R.E. 84&.1902, 1903, 1904, 1907, 1903, 1909, LEE, R.K.C. 4333, 4834, 4835.1995, 2217, 2315, 2617, 3304, 3384, LE FEVRE, 3. 712, 848, 849.3590, 4314, 5967. LE FEVRE-LEHOERFF, G. 712.
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LE GAC, P. 5969. LIGGINS, 3.8. 5975.LEGELEUX, G. 4836. LIGHT, S.F. 1925, 1926, 1927.LEGROUX, R.(D.) 4&37, 4838, 4839. LIGHTNER, D.V. 851.LEIGH, W.H. 89. LIGUORI, V.R. 337, 942, 1395, 2031, 2658,LEIM, A.H. 3376. 3416, 4855, 5042.LEINHAUS, A.L. 813. LILLEHEIL, G. 1928, 2179.LEITAO, A.M. 1914, 5970. LIM, B.L 6513.LE 3ANNE, E. 5755. LIM, H.S. 1337.LEMAIRE, R. 1573, 1915. LIM, K.3. 6594.LE MARE, D.W. 2621, 3858, 48*0. LIM-BOON-KENG. 4856.LEMBECK, F. #692. LIMPUS, C.3. 6514, 6515.LE MESSURIER, D.H. 3312. LIN, C.S. 6519.LEONE, U. 2982. LIN, D.C. 1929, 1930.LEONHARDT, E.E. #8#1, 5971. LIN, G.H.Y. 1153.LENDENFIELD, R. 312. LIN, H.3. 6718.LENHOFF, H.M. 1578, 1825, 1826, 1827, LIN, M.3. 6718, 6740.
1829, 1829, 1831, 1916, 1917, 1918, LIN, T.&. 6712, 6713, 6716, 6743.2017. LIN, "'.Y. 1041, 1042.
LENOIR, M.-C. #417. LINAWEAVER, P.G. 314, 1931, 2625, 3317,LENTFER, 3.W. 6763. 3861, 4857, 5976, 6516.LENTZ, T.(L) 1382, 1593, 1919, 1920. LI3COLNSHIRE RIVER BOARD. 862.LEONG, L.T. 651t. LINDNER, G. 3318, 3319.LERKE, P.A. 1738, 1739, 2529, 4842. LING, (C.)Y.-L. 4255, 4858.LERMAN, L. 5192. 333.LINNAEUS, C. 90.LESCHKE, E. 1921, 3313. LINSTITUT PASTEUR DE NOUMEA.LESTER, D. 537, 1567. 4859.LETOURNEUX, M. 4084, 4843. LINSTOW, O.V. 315, 2626, 3320.LEVADITI, 3.C. 4837, 4838, 4839. LINTON, 3.R. 828, 3766.LEVENSON, C.H. 4844. LIPP, F.3. 91.LEVEY, H.H. 6512. LIPPY, E.C. 353.LEVIN, O.L. 1922. LIPPY, E.D. 821.LEVINE, D.G. 4774. LIPSIUS, M.R. 4860, 4861.LEVINSON, S.R. 3957, 3958, 3964, 4845, LIPTON, 3.M. 604, 4283.
"LE 46,R, 7. LISON, L 3321.LEVRAT, E. 2622. LISSITZKY, S. 1696..LEVY, G. 5972. LIST, P.H. 1288, 1289, 1291, 1467, 1468.LEVY, H.A. 6511. LISTER, R. 868. 3.LOVY, R. 2623, 3314, 3859. LISUNOFF, S.A. 4862.LEVY, S. 1923. LIU, C.S. 6479, 6517, 6518, 6519, 6732.LEWIN, L. 4848. LIVELY, W.M. 4543.LEWIN, R.D. 3315.. LIVENGOOD, D.R. 4807.LEWINSOHN, C. 313, 1924, 2624, 3316, LIVINGSTONE, A.A. 1932.
3860, 5973. LIVINGSTONE, B.R. 529. ILLEWIS, K.H. 803, 895, 896, 1093, 3360, LIVON, C. 3322, 3323, 3324.
3361, 3540. LLINAS, R. 4166, 4363.LEWIS, R.D. 6159. LLOYD, T.3. 6103.LEWIS, R.W. 6763. LO BIANCO, S. 316, 317, 3-1.LI, K.M. 4745, 4849, 4850, 4851, 4852. LOCICERO, V.R. 854.LI, P.P. 4833. LOCKE, 3. 92.LIEBERT, F. 850, 5974. LOCKWOOD. 1933.LIEBHOLD, R.A. 3153. LODER, 3.S. 1934.LIEFMAN, C.E. 1542. LOFTS, B. 6404, 6405, 6406.LIEFMANN, L 4854. LOEBLICH, A.R., II. 855, 856, 857, 1111,LIFTON, S.E. 6177. 1112, 3554, 3555.
393 -
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O*INISHI,T. 30m2 x OSONO, T. 3516v 3250.0OHSHIKA, H. •033. OA MAN, C. 2042.OHTA, M. 441& O'SULLIVAN, A.J. 953.OIKAWA, KL'4033. OTA, M. 6462.OIKAWA, T. 3034. OTTERSTROM, C.F. 954.
" O3AL9O, 5036 . . OUDARD. 5101.OKAtS. 3615. OVeRPECK, 3.G. 3680.
SOKAD#% K. 2661, 262. OWELLEN, R.G. 2664.OKADA, Y. 5 ,5087, 6041- OWELLEN, M. 2664.OKAICHI, T. 747, 947, 943, 3411, 3€19, OWRE, H.B. 2043.
3421, 3313, 3813, 3334. OZAWA, C. 693.OKIMRO MJM. 5083. OZAWA, H. 5102.OKONOGI, T. 6•6, 669, 655, 65356, OZEKI, M. 5103, 5104...
i537, 6533, 6559, 6560, 6623. OZENNE, CAL. 3423.OKUR-40, C.M. 637.,OKUMUP, A, Y. 4699.POLANDRý W.K. 565.OLBeRG, LIH. 36*& PACY, H. 20*4, 60*5, 6046.OLCOTT, H.S. 4167, 4163. PADAN, E. 955. f-OLD, e.1LH. 2037, 2038 PADILLA, G.M. 229, 329, 540, 643, 826,OLDeNDORP, C.G.U. 109. 827, 329, 830, 881, 882, 983, 884, 885,OLESON, TJ. 6766. 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 9f%OLIVER.'. B. 2971, 3130. 1252, 1717, 2514, 2992, 3771, 6399.
OLSEN, 5. 6767. PAETRO, S. 5105.OLSON, T.A. 949. PAGET, 3. 6047.'OLSZEWSKA, E. 5089. PAGNONI, G. 5106.OMMANEY, F.F. 5501. PALLARES, R.M. 328.OMMANEY, H.M. 5090. PALMER, W.H. 6048.O'NEAL, R.L. 2039. PAMIRE, M. 4395, 4396.O'NEILL, 3.B. 5091. PANABOKKE, R.G. 6*82.O'NEILL, 3.3. 5 47, 2817. PANG, H.Q. 4834, 4335.ONODERA, K.. 134. PANOS, T.C. 6166.ONUR, R. 3961. PANT, R. 1290, 278*.OONSOMBAT, P. 3932. PANTIN, C.F. 20*5.OPPENHEIMER, C. 5092, 6042, 6561. PAPPANO, A.3. 5107, 5108.OPPIAN. 110. PAPPE, L. 5109.ORB, C.F. 2040, 6043. PAPPERHEIM, L 5110.OREO, G.A. 2041. PARADICE, W.E.3. 2665, 3886, 5111,ORFILA, M.P. 111. 6049, 6050.ORLOV, G.A. 3093,604*. PARAKETSOV, L.A. 6021.(YROKE, E.C. 4496, 5867. PtRC, E. 5112.ORRIS, W.L. 243, 632, 1352, 1749, 2542, PARE, A. 113.
3781, 5826. PARELIUS, 3..114.OSAWA, K. 5094, 5095, 5096, 5097. PARISH. G. 3022, 3026.OSBEC, P. 112. PARKER, C.A. 2666.OSBURG, H.E. 2567. PARKER, D. '222, 393*.OSBURN, R.C. 3385. PARKER, G.H. 2046, 2047.OSHIKA, H., 5135. PARKER, 3.W. 4251.OSHIMA, H. 2663. PARKER, W.N. 6051.OSHIMA, N. 5098. PARMENTIER, 3.(L.) 96, 6562.OSHIMA, Y. 568, 950,951,952, 1143, 11*4, PARNAS, I. 338, 534, 535, 536, 965, 966,
127*, 1273, 1280, 2916, 3420, 3*21, 967, 968, 969, 970, 1026, 2667.3422, 3573, 3n23, 3959, *569, 5099, PARNESS, 3. 5113, 5158, 6052.5100, 5548. PARR, A.E. 5114, 6053.
400
PARRA, A. 113. PERRONCITO, A. 5126.PARRISH, H.M. 339. PERROT, E. 3127.PASJNi, C. 3424, 3425. PERSIANI, G. 226.PASQUINI, P. 1235, 5463. PETERS, T.H. 2164.PASSEY, R.B. 6704, 6705, 6714, 6713. PETERSON, M.A. 533.PASTER, Z. 435, 971, 972, 973, 974, 973, PETRAUSKAS, L... 3439.
976, 977, 1179. PETRUS DE ALBANO. 113.PASQUIER, V. 116. P!TSKO, G.A. 6636, 6637, 66"3, 6639.PATERSON, T. 3426. PETTIT, A. 3123, 5129, 6069.PATKIN, M. 6054. PETUELY, F. 3172.PATTABHIRAMAN, T.R. 5742. PEYRIN, A. 3462.PATTEN, B.M. 6055. PFAFF, 3.R. 5130.PATTISON, G.3. 5115. PFEFFER, G. 3440.PATTERSON, R.N. 2747. PFEFFER,(R.)A. ?536, 253.PATTON, 5. 973. PHAM, D.V. 609.
i. DULS.117. PHILLIPS, C. 343, 983, 1396, 2033, 2672,PAWLOWSKY, E.N. 340, 341, 342, 343, 34Il, 3899, 9133, 6070.
344, 97", 2043, 2049, 2030, 266", 3427, PHILLIPS, 13. 552.
3423I, 337, 3116, 5117, 5113, 603 PHILLIPS, 3H. 2056, 2057."6057, 6035, 6059, 6M00, 6061, 6062, PHILLIPS, T.D. 2251, 2232, 2233.6063, 6064, 6065, 6066, 6067, 6563. PHISALIX, C. 2033, 2673, 3442, 3132,
PAYNE,C.A. 3119. 5133, 6071, 6072.PAYNE, 3.H. 2051. PHISALIX, M. 347, 984. 1397, 2059, 2674,PAYNE, S.N. 5119. 3443, 3390, 3134, 5135, 5136, 5137,PEARSON, R.C.(M.) 333, 980, 3332, 3429. 6073, 6074, 6075, 6076, 6077, 6364,PEARSON, R.G. 2669. 6763.
. PEARY, 3. 931. PHLEPS, D.R. 6075.PECKHAM, N.H. 4616. PHOON, W.O. 6079.PEDACE, E. 3774. PICADO, C. 6565.PEDRENA, E. 2052. PICKEN, LE.AR.) 2=n; 2061, 2062, 2134,PEILE, A.3. 3430, 3431. 2135.PEL HATE, M. 932, 2053, 3120. PICKWELL, G.V. 6363, 6566, 6567, 6363,PELLEGRIN, 3. 5121, 5122, 6068. 6369, 6570, 6571, 6572, 6634, 6727.PELSENCER, P. 3432. PIENAAR, R.N. 9835.PENCAR, S. 3433. PIERCE, L.H., 3R. 1615, 1616, 1617.PENNAVARIA, F. 3123. PleRON, H. 3444.PENNER, L.R. 3333. PIGULEVSKI, C.G. 348, 6080.PENNOCK, 3.F. 1449. PIGULCVSKY, S.VY 2063, 3133,5139,6081,PEPER, K. 4365. 6082, 6573.PEPLER, W.3. 3434. PILAR, G. 3140.PEPPER, D.A. 2254. PILLSBURY, R.W. 5141.PEPPER, S.3. 3433, 5124. PILSON, M.E.Q, 3445.P;QUEGNAT, L.H. 3436. PINCUSSEN, L, 6561.PE QUIGNAT, E. 3437. PINGREE, R.D. 986, 987.
"* PERES, 3.M. 2670. PINION, 3.P. 609, 610.- PERES-GOMES, F. 3125. PINVERT, L. 349." PERETOLCHIN, N.Y. 2518. PISANO, C. 5142.
PfREVOZCHENKO, L 831. PISANO, 3.3. 3446.PEREYRA, G,. 3598. P1S0, G. 119, 120.PEREZ-POLO, I.R. 1043. PPA, C. 4453."PERLSTEIN, 3. 2398, 2937. PIYAKARNCHANA, T. 414, 4603.PERMEWAN, W. 3438. PLACIDI, L. 5143.PERRET, A.H. 2054, 2117. PLAGNOL, H. 5144.PIERRIER, e. 2671. PLENCK, J.3.A. 121.
401
L460 EL YIV30. 122. PRENANT, M. 3MPuUS SeCUNDUS, (C.). 123. PRESCOTT, I. 2073.PLOTKE, B. 2064. PRESCOTT, G. 791, 999, 100.OPLUMERT, A. 3447.' PRESTON, M.5. 2074.POCCI'ARi, P. 31S}. PRESTON, HIS. 6324, 6376.POOLESIU, T. 633 2313,2990. PRESTWICH, 3. 125.POOLESKI, T.UL 4913. PREUNeR, 3. 2075.POeY, P. 31*6. PRICE, 3.H. 1001, 2076.PONLl,3. 3147. PRICE, M.3. 34"5.POILLEUX, G. 6360. PRICE, W.(J 1910, 2254.POINTEAUPOULIGUEN, M. 4493. PRICHARD, 3.1. 4762.POXED, L 173. PRIMORN. 154, 3155, 516 3157, 3133,POLARA, G. 4135. 5159, 3160, 5161, 6017, 6033.POLMANTI, 0. 13.L PRINGLE, L.H. 1002, 1003, 3460, 3461.POLLARD, CJ1 231. PRINZMETAL, M. 3462.POLLOCK, 3"G. 171L. PRIOLA, D.V. 3162.POLLOT, W. 531*. PRIVITERA, P. 2077.POLYA, 3.8. 4293. PRIVITERA, U. 2077.POtNTOPP!DIAN, e.L. 12*. PROCK, P.&. 2302.POPE, C.&. 637% 6575. PROCTOR, N.H. 100% 3*63.POPE, EC. 350, 351, 1"292 193, 1984, PROPFERA, C. 5313.
2065, 2066, 2067, 2063, 2673, 2676, PROKHOROFP, P. 3163.2677, 2673, 2679t 3443, 3449, 3391, PROKOFIEVA, N.G. 453, 2519, 2S00.3392,6043. PROSVIROU, UAS.) 2071, 5164, 6039,
POPKI5S9 M.E.E. 9,3, 3450. 6377.POPOPF. 31 f9. PROULHO, H. 2680.POPOVA, N.A. 1997, 1"99. PROVASOLI, L 570, 903, 1003, 3*4.PORGES N. 202. PRYOR, 3XC. 2079t, 36, 1651, 4•09.PORTA, A. 6034. PUCCINeLLI, a. 5166.'RTER, C.1. 3130. PUFFER, H.(W.) 2M0, 2031, 6332, 6331,FORTE&R, 3.L. 2069. 67L, 6627, 66231 666&.PF)RTIER, P. 2070, 20712072, 2116, 2117. PUGH, P.R.. 97.PISNER, P. 3393. PUGH, W.&. 2631.PeSS, S.G. h151. PUGSLEY, LXL 346, 3601.POSSATI, P. 4159. PUKUI, M.K. 3419.POSTrL, R. 1915. PULL, L 3167.POSTON, R.N. 5027, 5023 PULLMAN, T.N. 5163.POTAPOV, A.V. IS0. PULOKA, T. 4906POTTER, R. 6523.POTTIEZ, C. 3451.POTTS. G.R. 2%92.POTTS, G.W. 716, 3133. QUAGLIO, N.D. 2632.POTVIN. A.-R. 6035, 6036. QUASTEL, O.M-. 4166.POUYSSEGUR, 3. 5152. QUASTeL, 3.H. 4139, 4249.POWELL, V.A. 2098. QUAYLE, D. 1006, 1007, 347, 346L.PRABHU, V.G. 5153. QUeNOT, H. 126.PRAGER, 3. 90"4. QUICK, l.A., JR. 1003.PRAKASH, A. 9*9,990,991,992,993,994, QUIGUER, 3.P. I169.
"399, (h 9"7, 99S, 3452, 3432, 3454, QUILLIAM, 3.P. 3469.3435, 3436, 3457, 3*3L QUINN, R.(3.) 2032, 2083, 356, 3599,
PRAT, 3.C. 4758. 3600.PRATT, A.G. 1334. QUIROZ, A.D. 5170.PRECHTER, L 49"0.PREMUZIC, e. 352.
402
R 1218, 1220, 1247, 1261, 3475, 3476,3477.
RABESANDRATANA, H. 2886, 2915, RAYMOND, M.L. 6579.3309, 3470, 34,81. RAYMOND, R. 6630, 6631.
RABOR, D.S. 6465. RAYMONT, 3.E. 1022.RABSZTYN, T. 5227. RAYNER, M.D. 3678, 4181, 4513, 5182,RADHAKRISHNAN, N. 4174. 5183, 518*, 1385, 5186, 5187, 1838,RADMAN, V. 4907. 5301, 6206.RAFERTY, M.A. 3012, 41*3. READ, B.E. 1023, 3478, 5189, 3190.RAFTERY, M.A. 3957, 3958, 4847, 5195. READ, G.W. 1304, 1305.RAGEAU, 3. 5839, 6*31. RECH, R.H. 5191.RAGeLIS, E. 1139, 3572. REDeR, R.F. 5192.RAHAT, M. 977, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012. REDDINGTON, M. 5193.RAHLSON. 14*8. REED, C.T. 5194, 6097.RAILLET, A. 353. REED, H.D. 6098, 6099, 6100, 6101, 6102,RAKOTOVAO, L.-H. 3309. 6103.RALLS, R.3. 455, 5171. REED, 3. W7.RALPH, C.C. 6091. REED, 3.K. *700,5195.RAMA MURTHY, 3. 1013. REES, A. 128.RAMANUWAM, M.S. 1220. REES, W.3. 2094.RANDALL, DJ. 631. REEVE, L. 2, 129.RANDALL, I.E. 101*, 1015, 1221, 2683, REGAN, C.T. 5196.
3637, 37*,6, 3959, 46*1, 5172, 5173, REGEL, F. 309, 3300, 3855.17*, 5175t, 5176, 5177, 5549, 6092, REGNIER, M.T. 334.
6093. REGY, U.C. 5197.RANG, H.P. 4302, 4303. REICH, K. 969, 970, 977, 1011, 1012, 1024,RANNEY, B.(KJ 4*27, 5178, 5179. 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1180.RAPOPORT, H. 525, 526, 527, 559, 1099, REICHARD, C. 5198, 6104.
1264, 28U1, 2865, 3558, *125, 4173, REICHARDT, P.&. 731, 1030, 3112, 3140.3519. REID, H.A. 2095, 6536, 65380, 6581, 6382,
RATH3EN, W1.. 609*. 6583, 65•4, 6585, 65986, 65387, 6583,RATHMAYER, S. 5180. 6589, 6590, 6591, 6592, 6593, 659*.RATHMAYER, W. 1328, 1563, 131, 2094t REID, 3.E. 2890.
2033, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089. REID, P.C. 1031.RATTAN, S. *494. REID, W.8. 1718.RATZ, S., VON. 5181. REIF, C.B. 611.RATZEBURG, 3.T. 26. REILLY, 3. 3679, 3680, 3681.RATZLAFF, R.W. $81, 4794. REIMONENQ. 3303.RAUBITSCHEK, H. 4356. REINBE...;, T. 1475.RAUCKMAN, E.3. 962, 973. REINECKE, P. 1032.RAVENAU DE LUSSAN. 127. REINKE, 3. 1033.RAVENS, U. 1585, 2075, 2090, 2091, 2092, REINSCH, H.H. 6105.
2093. RIINWEIN, H. 1470, 2096.RAVI, S.M. 13"9. REININGER, E. 3895.
RAWER, 3.L. 6097. REMLINGER, P. 5199.RAVI'NA, A. 3085, 34171, 6095. REMONDA, G. 3724.RAVINA, 3.H. 6095. RgMY, C. 3200, 3201, 5"202.RAWITZ, S. 3472. RIENAMBOT, J. 4,093, 5S203.RAY, C. 6096. RENARD, L. 130.
RAY, R. 3473. RENAUD, D. 4830.RAY, S.A. 3474. RENAUD, 3.F. 4830.RAY. S.M. *5*, 457, 1016, 1017, 1013, RETI1RE,C. *215.
1019, 1020, 1021, 1181, 1182, 1217, REUTER, H. 4052."REUTZLER, K. 1322.
403
7 M.Y, M. 2097. ROBINSON, G.A. 1031.REYES-VASQUEZ, G. 1034, 3479. ROBSON, EA. 2119.REYNOLDS, B.D 1870, 1871. ROCCA, E. 4"7, 5214.REYNOLDS, C.S. 1035 ROCHA, G. 2686.RHO, F.. 355, 5204. ROCHA, P.A.P. 2120.RHODEN, V.A. U SL ROCH-ARVEILLER, M. 5%, 2<30, 6382,RlBADAU-DUMAS, L. 9379 3e12. 6383, 6384, 6385, 6386, 6595.RIBeIRO, 3.A. 5125. ROCHAS, V. DE. 5215, 5216."RICe, N.E. 2098. ROCHAT, H. 1696.RICe, R.D. .3*30.RICH, A.C. 3396. ROCHE, E.T. 6109, 6110, 6111.RICHARD. 5205. ROCHE, 3. 1404, 1*48, 2272, 2753, 2897,RICHARD. 5203. 36Y, 3939.RICHARDSON, B.W. 5206. ROCHEFORT, C. DE. 133.RICHARDSON, 3. 3207. RODAHL, K. 6769, 6770, 6771.RICHARDSON, 3.5. 6402, 6489. RODeGKER, W. 3036.RICHAUD, 3. 3*81. RODGER, l.W. 645-, 6458.RICHET, C. 1400, 1*01, 1*02, 2070, 2071, RODGERS, L 65%, 6•97, 6598.
2072, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, RODNIGHT, R. 3193.2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, RODRIGUES, R.3. 6112.2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, RODRIGUES, Y.T. 2121.2116, 2117. *607, 4908, *•09. RODRIGUEZ, G. *937.
RICHTER, 3.G.O. 131. ROe, W.F. 6117.RICKETTS, E.F. 2118. ROeD•L, P.M. 6113, 6114, 6115.RICKETTS, T.R. 1037. ROGART, R.B. 5211, 5212.RIE DL, R. 356. ROGERS, 3.E. 3489.RIEGeL, B. 1038, 1039, 1166, 1167, 3482, ROGCRS,p3.M. 5217.
3*83, 3357, 35U8. RO3AS, E. 1562, 1563, 4746, 5218.RWKIN, 3. 1730. ROLFE, R. 3490.RIGHTER, L.L. )•90. ROLLER, P.P. 572.RINEHART, K.L., 3R. 1040, 1*03, 3764. ROMANlIN, M.G. 3491.RINGUELeT, R. 6106. ROMANO, 5. 359, 2122, 3*92, 3897, 5219,RIO, G.3. 2654, 2685. 6116.RIO3A, R. 337. ROMANO, S.A. 6467.RIPLEY, W.e. 6113. ROMEO, D. 1779.RIPPLINGER, 3. 1233, 3234, 3237, 3241. ROMER, 3.D. 6599, 6600.RISK, M. 1041, 1042,10*3. ROMEY, G. 2123, 212*, 2125, 3951, 4267,RISSO, A. 132. 5220.RITCHIE, 3.M. 756, 737, 104, 1045, 1046, ROMI3N, C. 3493.
1047, 1048, 3*8*, 4301, 4302, 4303, RONDeLET,G. 134, 135, 136.4605, *606, 3208, 5209, 5210, 5211, RONKA, e.K. 6117.3212. RONQUILLO, L.A. 5221.
RITTER, P. 6107. RONSSERAY, A.M. 6357, 6360.RITTER, R. 2093. ROSANeLLI, 3.D. 6601.RIVAS, L.R. *816, *19, *8S23, 4325. ROSCO, M.D. 360, 361.ROAF, H.E. 3485, 3486, 3437. ROSE, E. 1052.ROBART, R.B. 10*7, 10*L ROSEEN: 3.5. 4425.ROBERT, M. 342, 1296, 2878, 3729. ROSEGHINI, M. 3494.ROBERT, T.E. 2870. ROSEN, G.M. 962.ROBERTS, B.S. 1049, 1050, 3483, 5213. ROSEN, L.S. 6489.ROBERTS, C.M. 569& ROSEN, M.R. 5222, 5192.ROBERTSON, D.H.H. 6108. ROSENBeRG, H.L 6602.ROBERTSON, e.A., JR. 620. ROSENBERG, P. 362, 363, 639, 2991, 3*95,POBIN, Y. 140V, 3869. *351, 4763, 6603, 6604.ROBINSON, e.M. 335L ROSENBERGER, R.F. 1129.
* ROSENFELD, G. 364.
0
- : • •, , i i I I I I I II I40*
ijiROSS, D.M. 1971, 1972, 1973.- 3514, 3775, 3306, 3807, 3900, 3901,ROSS,M. 1708. 3902, 3903, 3904, 3905, 3906, 4150,ROSS, S.G. 5223. 4251, 4372, 4546, 4550, 5228, 5229,ROTHBERG, M. 1027. 5230, 5231, 5232, 5233, 5234, 5235,ROTHMAN, E.S. 2759. 5236, 5237, 5238, 5239, 5240, 5241,ROTHMAN, L 0320. 5242, 5243, 5244, 5245, 5246, 5247,ROTHMAN, S. 6130. 5696, 5697, 569S, 5699, 5700, 5742,ROUANET, M. #03. 5790, 5912, 5914, 6121, 6122, 6123,ROUGHLEYT.C. 2687,3224,6113,6119, 6124, 6125, 6126, 6127, 6128, 6129,
6120. 6130, 6131, 6132, 6133, 6134, 6135,ROULE, L- 3496. 6136, 6137, 6138, 6139, 6140, 6141,ROUND, F.E. 1053. 6142, 6143, 6144, 6145, 6146, 6147,ROUNSFeLL, G.A. 1054, 1055, 1056. 6148, 6149, 6150, 6151, 6152, 6153,ROUX, 3R. 5225. 6154, 6155, 6156, 6157, 6158, 6159,ROWLEY, D. 3497. 6i60, 6161., 6162, 6163, 6164, 6165,ROWLEY, M.P. 3497. 6166, 6167, 6187, 6188, 6218, 6219,ROY, R.N. 1057, 3498. 6220, 6401, 6450, 6451, 6605, 6606,RUBIN, R.W. 6219, 6220. 6607, 6608, 6609, 6610, 6611, 6612,"RUBINSON, K.A. 506. 6613, 614, 6615, 6752, 6757, 6772.RUBINSTEIN, H. 1634. RUSSELL, F.S. 2153, 2154.RUBINSTEIN, L 2566. RUSTAD, A.D. 6168.RUDeL, R. #365.RUDKIN, C. 3020, 3021. SRUDNER, EJ. 1222, 3934.RUGGIERI, G.D. 337, 365, 427, 942, 1058, SABNAY, 1. 5161, 6088.
1059, 1395, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1442, SACCHI, M. 6169.2031, 2126, 2653, 2684, 2685, 2638, SACHS, C. 397.2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, SACHS, H.G. 4931, 4932, 5248.2695, 3416, 349, 3398, 3399, 4855, SADAGOPA RAMANUWAM, V.M. 10415042, 5226. SAGET, G. 3241.
RUMP, S. 5227. SAISHO, T. 3820, 3907.RUNNEGAR, M.T.C. 1060. SAITO, 1. 3515.RUSSELL, C.3. 4141. SAITO, M. 3516, 5249.RUSSELL, F.E. 231, 279, 280, 338, 366, SAITO, T. #986, 5250.
367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, SAKAI, F. 5251.375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 331, 382, SAKAI, K. 5445.383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, SAKAI, M. 3817, 4589, 5252, 5253391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 655, 736, SAKSHAUG, E. 1076, 3517.737, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, SAKURANE, K. 5254, 5255.1067, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, SALAFRANCA, E.5. 6706.1074, 1075, 1346, 1365, 1366, 1408, SALANOUE-IPIN, H. 5256.1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, SALATHE, R. 2544.1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, SALITERNIK, R. 730.1421, 1721, 1ý799, 1800, 1953, 2127, SALKELD, P.N. 1258, 3698.2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, SALKOWSKI, E. 3518.2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, SAL'NIKOV, M.N. 6170.2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, SALVAINUS, H. 137.2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, SAME3IMA, A. 5561.2152, 2354, 2515, 2581, 2582, 2667, SAMS, W.M. 1077, 2155, 3519.2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, SANCHEZ, F.3. 637, 3091.2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, SANCHEZ LABRADOR, F.J. 138, 139,2709, 3004, 3150, 3151, 3500, 3501, 398,6171.3502, 3503, 3504, 3505, 3506, 3507, SANDBERG, D.M. 2156.3508, 3509, 3510, 3511, 3512, 3513, SANDRIN, E. 3520.
405
SANO, T. 5•27. SCHANTZ, E.. 558, 5$9, 701, 702, 895,SANTELLI, A. 6172. 396, 935, 1046, 1087, 108, 1089, 1090,,SANTO E. 399. ... .. 1091, 1092, 1093, 1098, 1095, 1096,SSANTOS,3. 525. L1097, 1098,.1099, 1100, 1101, 1102,SANTOS-MARTINEZ, E. 3826. 1103, 2903, 2904, 2905, 3360, 3361,
3S 2.NTSPINTOS, 3.005. 1073, 1079, 3530, 3531, 3532, 3533, 3538, 3535,351.3536, 3537, 3538, 3539, 35*0, 3541,SANZ, E. 2537, 2539. 33*2, 33.3, 354*, 5263, 5264.
SAPEIKXA N. 1080, 3322v 3323, 3528, SCHARA, M. 3•33.SARASIN, C.F. 2710, 2711. SCHARFFENBERG, R.&. 6618.SARASIN, P.. 2710, 2711. SCHEUCHZER, 3.3. 1*1.-$ARRAMEGNA, R. 3321SASAGAWA, S. 3526. SCHEUER, P.3. 800, 401, 402, 803, 808, -'
405, 406, 571, 817, 318, 1104, 1105,SASAKI, R. *75.% 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1323,1132, 1389, 1399, 1422, 1823, 1855,
SASAKI, T. 4373. 2003, 2011, 2012, 2157, 2158, 2159,'SASOKR, 4T. 4R.3, 490, 490.7, 257. 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2569, 271*,
10S81,'R 032, 413 103*, 35, 68, 2715, 2716, 1717, 2718, 2719, 3258,1091o 1032, 1083, 1034, 1093p A147, 3259, 3260, 3545, 3546, 3547, 3358,1209, 1214, 3527, 3783. 3589, 3550, 3531, 3552, 3826, 2827,
ASTRO , A. 5 489. 3908, 3909, 8115, 4117, *118, 8183,SATO, A. 52,51, 649, 6.324, 6576, "74. 5265, 5266, 5267, 3268, 5269, 5270,SATO, H. 2833. 5 271, 5272, 5273, 5274, 552, 6189.SATO, K. 4429. SCHEUFLER, E. 1478, 2164.SATO, M. 5258. SCHEWEITZ, H. 3950. ISATO* 5. 6812, 6523, 6616, 6617, 6"81, SCHIEBLER, W. 2165, 5275.
"6619, 6620, 6621, 6632, 6667, "669, SCHLEGEL, H. i32."6670, 6671, 6673. SCHIFF, H. !3ns.-
SATO, T. 3202, 5081. SCHILLING, R-.SF. 3910.SATOH, K. 3259. SCHLEGEL, H. "24.SATTELLE, D.B. 982, 2053, 5120. SCHLICHTE R, H. 2668.SATYBALDINA, N.K. 6478. SCHLIF, E .7216.SAUNDERS, P.R. 395, 32S9, 3328, 3692, SCHMID, V. 2232.
3693, 5768, 6173, 6174, 6175, 6176, SCHMIDT, F.T. 6190.6177, 6178, 6179, 6180, 6613. SCHMIDT, H. 2167. %
SAUNIE, L. 5143. SCHMIDT, 3. 3605.SAUVAGES. 140. SCHMIDT, K.P. 6625. -SAVAGE, I.V.e. 3529. SCHMIDT, M.. "26.SAVILLE KENT, W. 2712, 6181. SCHMIDT, N. .276, 6191.SAVTSCHENKO, P.(N.) 5260, 5261, 6182, SCHMIDT, R.3. 1111, 6112, 3.54,3335.
6183. SCHMIDT, R.W. 1677.SAWADA, G. 3616. SCHMIDTMANN. 3556.SAWAi. Y. 6560, 6622, "623. SCHMIEGEL, 3.L 427, 5179.SAWANO, E. 2713. SCHMITZ, F.3. 919, 14824, 1858.SAWAYA, P. 5262, 618*, 6185. SCHNAKENBERG, G. 4462.SAWULA, B. 2287. SCHNAKENBECK, W. 4370, 5277, 5789,SAWYER, P.3. 453,1085. 6192.A ,37 , 8SCHACHTER, M. 1848, 1971, 1972, 1973. SCHNECK, H. 5278.SCHAEFFER, R.C., (JR. 5696, 5697, SCHNE& 3557, 6193, 6197..
5698, 3699, 5700, 6186, 61S7, 61 L3. SCHNEIDER. 563*.SCHAFER, M.L. 897, 898, 1098, 3362, SCHNEIDER, K.C. 2163, 2169.
3363, 35•0. SCHNOES, H.K. 558, 559, 701, 702, 940,SCHALL, D.W. *357, 448,4549. 1100, 1101, 2903, 2904, 2905, 3541,
3542.
406
Ik
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SCHOENHOLZ, P. 3382. SELLIER, 3. 5298.SCHOLES, W.A. 2170. SELVESTER, J.R. 1117.SCHOMBURGK, R.(H.) 143, 144, 6195. SENGBUSCH, E. 146.SCHOMMER, F. 407. SEREBRIANNIKOV, N.V. 2366, 4050.SCHONEVELDE, S. 145. SERIN, 3. 5299, 5300.SCHRADIE, J. 1113. SERINI, E. 3563.SCHREIBER, G. 2171. SERISAWA, S. 3615.SCHREIBER, 3. 5279, 6196. SERVENTY, V. 6630, 6631.SCHROEDER, R.E. 2633. SETLIFF, 3.A. 5301, 6206.SCHROEDER, W.C. 5"5. SETO, A. 6632, 6671, 6673.SCHUETT, W. 3535. SEURAT, L.G. 2720, 5302.SCHULMANN, E. 6197. SEVCIK, C. 5303.SCHULTZ, L.A. 2172. SEVEN, M.2. 3564.SCHULTZ, LP. 1643, 1644, 5230, 6198, SEVILLE, R.H. 1119, 3913.
6199. SHAPIRO, B.I. 1928, 2015, 2021, 2176,SC2HULTZE, M.$% 3911. 2177, 2178, 2179, 3591, 3605.SCHULZE, P. 2173. SHAPIRO, 3.L. 821. -SCHUSTER. 5231. SHARMA, G.M. 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428,SCHWAB, M.C. 6627, 6628. 1429, 1430.SCHWANEBERG, H. 5353. SHARON, N. 938.SCHWANKOVSKY, F.3. 6200. SHATTUCK, G.C. 408.SCHWARTZ, L. 5282, 5283. SHAW, H.O.N. 3565.SCHWEISHEIMER, W. 5284. SHAW, S.W. 4116.SCHWEITZ, H. 1461, 1970, 2124, 2125, SHAW, T.H. 4390.
CHEN0. 5285,SHCHEGLOV, V.V. 2359, 2360.SCHWIMMER, D. 1114, 1115, 1116, 359, SHELUBSKY, M. 1118.
350, 3561, 3912, 3913, 5286, 5287, SHENTSOVA, E.B. 2360.5288. SHEUMACK, D.D. 3566.
SCHWIMMER, M. 1114, 1115, 1116, 3559, SHEWACHMILLET, M. 6312.3560, 3561, 3912, 3913, M6, 5287, SHIAULIN, S.-Y. 1120..528•. SHIBATA, S. 2032, 2033, 2180, 2259, 4317.
SCNITTLER, I. 4950. SHIBOTA, M. 3163, 3164, 3567, 3568, 3815.SCOBEY, R.R. 3562. SHIER, W.T. 1121, 2181.SCOFONE, L 5289, 5290. SHIGENOVU, K. 5304, 5305.SCOGGIN, C.H. 6202. SHIUKH, Y.M. 1431.SCOTT, E.O.G. 5291, 6203. SHILO, M. 624, 955, 1122, 1123, 1124,SCOTT, H.H. 2174,4370,53292, 6204. 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130,SCOTT, 3. 5293. 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1229, 1230,SCOTT, K.N. 3843. 1231, 1232.SCOTT, P.M. 439. SHILO, M. (SHELUBSKY) 1130, 1131,SCOTT, T.D. 5294. 1132, 1133, 1134.SCOTT, W.R. 5029. SHIMADA, Y. 4707.SCRIABNE, A. 2175. SHIMADA, S. 2721.SCURA, E.D. 1995, 2316, 3384. SHIMAZONO, J. 3306.SEALE, A. 5295, 5296, 5297. SHIMIZU, Y. 23!, 568, 655, 676, 767, 951,SEARLE, 3.E. 6629. 952, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140,SEATON, D.D. 444. 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146,SEDMACK, B. 1913. 1346, 1721, 2515, 2722, 2723, 3004,SEELEY, H.G. 6205. 3074, 3188, 3420, 3421, 3422, 3569,SEEMAN, P. 5341, 5342. 3570, 3571, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3775,SEKIYA, M. 5084. 4372, 5307, 5308, 5790, 6752.SELIGER, H.H. 1204. SHIMMA, H. 5310.SELLERS, R. 2395. SHIMMA, Y. 5309, 5310.
407 .-- -
SHEIMOI, K.' 429. SLADEN, W.P. 2726.SHIN, MJ. 2182 1991. SLAGLE, T.D. 2223.SHINANO1, H. 3232, N253.' SLAUTTERBACK, 0.8. 2187, 2188.SHINKAL, W. 6742. SLEVIN, 3.R. 6637.SHINNICK-GALLAGHER, P. 694. SLOAN, H. 14.SHINONAGA, S. 6329. SLOBODKIN, I. 1154.SHIOKAWA, A. 3160. SLUNIN, N.Y. 5322, 6217.SHIOMI, K. 4575, 5100, 3311. SMEDLEY, N. 3915, 3916.SHIPMAN, WJ-L 657, 634. SMITH, A.D. 6443.SHIRAISHI, Y. 3617, 3282, 3283. SMITH, A.G. 2366.SHIRAKI, K. 4755, 4971. SMITH, D.S. 6167, 6218, 6219, 6220.SHIROTAq N. 5312. SMITH, D.S.H. 2727, 2748.SHMELEVA, A.I. 1999. SMITH, E.M. 310.SHOPTAUGH, NHl. 686,| 147, 3783. SMITH, E.R. 4364.SHOUKIMAS, 3.3. 11&. SMITH, F.(G.) 723, 724, 845, 1154, 3138.SHRAGER, M.P. 5313. SMITH, H.G. 5399.SHRAGER, P. #676. SMITH, H.M. 3917. "
HtYNKAR, T.P. 8677, 6332. SMITH, 3.LB. 3323, 6221, 6222, 6223.SICHLER, L 147. SMITH, 3.T. 3335.SIEBIER-SCHUMOW, N.O. 3314. SMITH, L.H. 1373.SIEDLER, H. 3298 38534 SMITH, M. 6638, 6639, 6640.SIEGMANN, M.3. 813, 4720, 48960. SMITH, R.L. 5913.SIEVERS, A.M. 1149. SMITH, R.O. 2728.SIFFORD, D.H. 1678. SMITH, T. "41. "SIGER, A. 437, 114, 1178. 3MOLENSKY. 410.SILVA, E.S. 1130, 1151, 1152. SMYTHIES, 3.RL 1136.SILVA, P.3. 899, 3364, #935. SNEADeR,.W. 1137, 3378.SILVA, S.R. 30%. SNOOK, H.3. 1851, 3218.SILVADO, 3. 5315, 5316, 6207. SNOW, C.D. 3579.SILVA FREIRE, 3.8. 3575, 3317. SO, L.C. 3580.SILVERNALE, M.N. 409. SOBOTKA, H. 2397, 2398, 2399, 2657,SIMAN, R., 3M #•42. 2729. 2730, 2731, 2935, 2936, 2937.SIMASINA, T.M. 180. SODANO, G. 1390.SIMMONS, 3.S. 5318, 6208. SOEGIRI, A. 3918.SIMON, L. 906t 1987, 3372, 3373, 3576. SOH, N.M. 6512.SIMON, P. #263. SOLAR, S. 283.SIMON, S.E. 3577. SOLIE, T.N. 6683, 6710.SIMONOVA, I.G. 1998. SOLOMATINA, V.D. 870, 4887.SIMONs R.D. 2183. SOLOMON, A.E. 1158.SIMS, G.G. 767, 3188. SOLOMON, S. -324.SIMS, K.3. 1153. SOMERVILLE, J.D. 3325.SIMS93.K. 14)32, 1833, 143k SOMMER, H.W. 331, 1038, 1039, 1159,SIMSOHN, 3.5. 5319. 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 0SINCLAIR, E. 3424. 1166, 1167, 2871, 3382, 3462, 3482,SINDERMANN, C.a. 1837, 5320. 3483, 3581, 3582, 3383, 3584, 3585,'SINGER, L 5321, 3492. 3586, 3587, 3588, 3919, 3920.SINGH, H.T. 2724. SONDERHOFF, R. 2199.SIRE NKO, K. 831. SONE, H. 4909.SITPRI3A, V. 6633, 6636. SONGDAHL, 3.H. 3589, 3590, 3591.SKAER, R.3. 2062, 2184, 2185. SONNERAT, P. 149.SKEIE, E. 6209, 6210, 6211, 6212, 6213, SONNINI, C.N. 130.
6214, 6215, 6216 SORLIE, G.A. 3648.SKET, D. 2034, 2186. SOROKHTIN, G.N. 2190.SKORIKOW, A.S. 2723. ""NN2
408.
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SOROKIN, M. 2191, 2732, 5326, 5327, STARR, T.3. 1184, 1185. -5328, 5329, 6224. STCHERBACK, A.E. 3926.
SORRENTINO, 3. 1830. STEAD, D.G. 5343, 6235.SOUDER, P. 5330. STEEMAN-NIELSON, E. 954.SOUTHCOTT, R.V. 220, 411, 412, 413, 414, STEFANOPOULO, G.3. 5344.
607,1168,1169,1170, 1171,1332, 1435, STEFANSSON, A. 6236.1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1681, 1875, STEFAMSSON, T.A. 6236.2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, STEFFANSSON, V. 6777, 6778.2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, STEIDINGER, K. 657, 996, 1186, 1187,2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 1188, 3009, 3456.2502, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2950, 3592, STEIN, D. 1189.3593, 3594, 3595, 3768, 3921, 3922, STEINBACH, E. 5345.3923, 3924, 4290, 5331, 5332, 5333, STEINDORFF, E. 5346. "5334, 5335, 6225, 6226, 6227, 6228, STEINFELD, A.D. 5347.6229, 6230, 6231, 6642, 6643, 6644, STEINFELD, H.J. 5347.6645, 6773, 6774, 6775, 6776, 6750, STEINITZ, H. 6237.6751. STEINSCHNEIDER, M. 5348, 6238.
SPARKS, A.K. 654, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, STEMPIEN, M.F., (JR.) 337, 942, 1314,3003,3596,3597,3598. 1316, 1395, 1406, 1440, 1441, 1442,
SPARRMAN, A. 5336. 2031, 2658, 2684, 2685, 2695, 3416,SPARROW, C.M. 1780, 3127. 4855, 5042.SPEAR, R. 5337. STENGELIN, S. 1841, 2165, 5275.SPECTOR, L 5338. STENNING, A.E. 2211.SPENCE, I. 422, 1176, 1177, 3566, 3599, STENSAAS, L.. 4136.
3600, 3622. STEPHENS, B.J. 3747, 4791, 4- 92.SPENCER, B.E. 754, 3825. STEPHENSON, 3. 151, 5349.SPENCER, E.C. 488), 4882. SrEPHENSON, N.R. 1257, 3601, 3696,SPERELAKIS, N. 4939, 4940, 5304, 5305. 3697.SPIEGELSTEIN, M.(Y.) 437, 720, 968, STEVENS, A.A. 621,622, 1190, 2973, 3602.
1028, 1178, 1179, 1180, 4719, 5012. STEVENS, H.N. 5350.SPIKES, 3.3. 658, 1181, 1182, 1218, 1219. STEVENSON, R.L. 5351."SPIRA, M.E. 3925. STEVENSON, T. 3603.SPOFFORTH, 3.L. 5339. STEWART, B.C. 2212.SPRAGGINS, R.L. 2296. STEWART, D.H. 2213.SPRINGER, 3.P. 1183. STEWART, M.E. 544, 2885.SPRINGFIELD, A. 5340. STEWART, W.D.P. 683.SPITZLY, 3.H. 6232. STIASNY, G. 2214.SPURGEON, H.A. 5162. STILLE, W. 906, 1987, 3372, 3373, 3576.SQUIRE, P.G. 6684. STILLWAY, L.W. 2215, 2216, 2217.SRIBHIBHADH, A. 3598, 6635, 6636. STINE, A.K. 2050.STABILE, D.E. 5007. STITT, E.R. 2213.STABLUM, W. 2525, 2526. STOHLER, R. 1165, 3586.STACHELL, D.G. 3577. STOKES, W.M. 1565.STACKHOUSE, 3. 2210. STOLL, A. 5352.STAIMAN, A.(L.) 5341, 5342. STONE, J.H. 1615, 1616, 1617, 2219.STALING, L.M. 1630. STONE, 3.S. 1782.ST. AMANT, 3.A. 6111. STONIK, V.A. 465, 2359.STAMPFLI, R. 1686. STORER, T.I. 415.STANDAERT, F.G. 2558, 2559. STORR, G.M. 6646.STANGER, D.(W.) 916, 1038, 1039, 1103, STOUGHTON, R.B. 1158.
1167, 3391, 3482, 3483, 3544, 3588. STOVER, J.H., JR. 679, 3082.STARCK, W.A., I. 2633, 3963. STRACK, E. 5353.STARGARDTER, F. 1456. STRAUGHAN, P.L. 2220.-.-'.STARKES, E.C. 6233, 6234. STRAUSS, M.B. 2221.
409
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STRICHARTZ, G.(R.) 704, 728, 738, 736, SYLVESTER, 31L 5367.757, 841, 10489 1191, 3139, 3152, 3604, SZEKERCZES, 3. 5186.3605, #295, 4.71, 3552, 4605, W606, SZENTKIRALYI, S. 1443.4794, 5212. TABACHNICK, I. 3131.
STROHMAN, R. 5489.STRONG, F.M. 701, 702. TSTRONG, P.N. 535*, 5355.STRONG, R.P. 417, 2222, 2736, 3606, TABERSHAW, I.R. 5282.
5356, 6239. TACHIBANA, K. 1197, 1444, 5368.STRUHSAKER, P. 6240. TACHIKAWA, R. 5439, 5*41, 5442, 5443,STRYDON, D.3. 3927, 6647. 5445, 5446.STUART, M.A. 2223. TAFT, C.H. 234, 2228, 2741, 3614, 5369,STURCHLER, D. 6027. 6242.STUTCHBURY, G.B. #047. TAGUCHI, H. 1198,5309.STOVEN, V.A. 5357. TAHARA, Y. 5370, 5371, 5372, 5373, 5374,STYLES, T.3. 2737. 5375.SUBRAHMANYAN, R. 1192. TAIRA, N. 4653, 5259.SUDMAN, M. 1193. TAKAGI, H. 6503.SUDOW, G. 1837. TAKAGI, K., 6533.SUEHIRO, Y. 5353, J359. TAKAHASHI, D. 3376, 5377, 5378, 5379,SUEKANE, T. q360, 5526. 5380.SUENAGA, K. 5361, 5362. TAKAHASHI, H. 6648.SUGAWARA, K. 5102. TAKAHASHI, S. 6649.SUGAW,7jýA, T. 2611, 2612. TAKAHASHI, T. 3615, 4488, 4489, 4490,SUGITANI, P. 3607. 4491, 4492. A.SUIGNARD, G. 5363. TAKAHASHI, W. 5274.SUIIAN, F. 5722. TAKAMA, K. #589.SULLIVAN, R.A. 3608. TAKAMATSU, 5. 1.712.SULLIVAN, T.D. 2738, 2739. TAKAMATSU, T. 6650.SUN, H.H. 1194. TAKAMIZAWA, T. 6651.SURRIDGE, 3. 3023, 3024, 3027, 3028, TAKANO, S. 1835.
3029. TAKASAKI, C. 6549, 6668, 6674,SUSPERREGUI, A. 651, 3773. TAKATA, M. 3381.SUTHERLAND, S.(K.) 418, 2224, 2225, TAKAYANAGI, F. 485, 2834, 2835, 4046.-
3306, 3609, 3610, 3611, 3612, 6241, TAKEDA, M. 6652.6241. TAKENAKA, S. 3616.
SUTTON, 3.5. 1609, 2226, 2227. TAKESAKI, H. 4967.SUTTON, L. 1708. TAKESAKI, K. 4968.SUYAMA, M. 5364. TAKEUCHI, A. 1844.SUZUKI, M. 794, 3207, 6648. TAKEUCHI, T. 3617, A618, 5382, 5383.SUZUKI, T. 813, 4720. TAKIGUCHI, Y. 5384.SUZUKI, U. 5365. TAKMAN, B.H. 443, 3955, 3956, 4223.'SWAN, 3.G. 2740. TALIZIN, F.F. 419, 2229, 2742, 3928, 6653,SWANSON, P.D. 5366. 6779.SWANSON, R.C. 4944. TALLEY, R.W. 1445.SWARTZWELDER, 3.C. 5937. TAMIYA, N. 6316, 6328, 6329, 6332, 6386,SWAYNE, V.R. 3613. 6412, 6456, 6457, 6458, 6471, 6474,SWEENEY, B.M. 1195, 1196. 6475, 6488, 6523, 6527, 6528, 6529,SWEENEY, M.3. 5952. 6530, 6531, 6532, 6533, 6549, 6576,SWEET, T.R. 5816. 6578, 6617, 6618, 6619, 6620, 6621,SWEZY, 0. 836. 6632, 6652, 6654, 6655, 6656, 6657,SWIFT, A.N. 1566. 6658, 6659, 6660, 6661, 6662, 6663,SWISHER, G.A., 3R. 731, 3140. 6664, 6665, 6667, 6668, 6669, 6670,SYKORA, 3.L 821. 6671, 6672, 6673, 6674, 6742.
*10
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TAMKUN, M.M. 2230. TCHIKAWA, R. 5440.TAMURA, C. 5443, 446. TCHISTOVITCH. T. 53408.
* TAMURA, S. 2594, 2595, 25%, 2597, 2593, TEDESCHI, G.G. 2242." 2604. TEDESCHI, L.G. 2242.
- TANABE, H. 899, 32"6, 3364, 4935. TEH, Y.F. 1210, 1337, 3930, 3931."TANAKA, 3. 2264. TELFORD, 3.M. 1388.TANAKA, M. 2231, 2775. TNMIME, P. 2744.TANAKA, S. 53S5,538&6 TENISON-WOODS, 3.E. 5409, 6262.TANG, :N. 6380. TENNANT, A.D. 3458, 3623, 3624.TANGCHIAI, P. 6636. TENNENT, 3.E. 423. -.
TANGE, Y. 5387, 6243, 6244, 6245, 6246, TERADA, Y. 3625.6247, 6248, 6249, 6250, 6251, 6252, TESSERAUX, 1. 1476, 1477, 1478, 2243, .6253, 6254, 6255, 6256, 6257, 6258, 2244.6259. TETREAULT, L. 4266.
TANGEN, K. 1199, 1200, 3619. TEYTAUD, A.P. 5410. ..-. ,TANI, L 4437, 4438, 4439, 4440, 4441, THERRIEN, E.F. 5026.
5338, 5389, 5390, 5391. THESEN, 3. 3626, 3627.TANIFUWI, K. 3200. THESLEFF, S. 4556, 4680.TANINO, H. 1201, 5392. THEVENIN, S. 1275, 4092, 5545.TANNER, F.W. 3620, 5393. THIEFFRY, M. 3864.TANNER, L.P. 3620, 5393. THIEL, M.E. 3628.TANZ, R.D. 5394. THIENES, C.H. 6263. ...
TAPU, 3. 5395. THIERY, C. 6680.TARBY, T.3. 5396. THIERY, 3.M. 6680.TARDENT, P. 2232. THIESSEN, W.E. 555, 4173.TARGETT, N.M. 1202. THILO, 0. 62(4.TARNANI, N.K. 420. THIKHOMIROV, V.M. 6265.TARR, M. 5397. THOMAS, E. 152.TASAKI, 1. 3492. THOMAS, E.J. 2245.TASCHENBERG, C. 2233. THOMAS, G.J., 3R. 2073.TASCHENBERG, E.O. 421, 2743, 3929, THOMPSON, L. 5411.
6260, 6675. THOMPSON, M. 5649.TASSE, 3.R.P. 4223. THOMPSON, R.H.S.. 6538.TATE, G.H.H. 6749. THOMPSON, T.E. 2246, 3629, 3630.TATEYAMA, T. 5398. THOMSON, D.A. 5412, 5413, 5414, 5415.TATNALL, P.M. 5399. THOMSON, H.W. 5854.TAUB, A.M. 6676, 6677. THC'"ON, 3. 153.TAWARA, R. 5400. THO" :)N, R.H. 869.TAWARA, Y. 5401, 5402, 5403. TH(jMSON, W. 1211, 1212.TAXIT, R. 1203. THON, I. 1837.TA iLOR, A.3. 1004, 3463. THORN, C.D. 2745, 2746, 2647.TAYLOR, D.L. 1204. THUESSINK. 154.TAYLOR, E.H. 6678, 6679. THUFVESSON, G. 1836.TAYLOR, F.(3.R.) 718, 997, 1205, 1206, THUN. 1301.
1207, 1208, 1209, 3457, 3621, 5404. THURBERG, F.P. 1084, 1209, 1213, 1214.TAYLOR, H.G. 5405, 5406. TJDSWELL, F. 424.TAYLOR, 3.H. 1870. TIFFANY, L.H. 1215.TAYLOR, K.M. 422, 1177, 2234, 3622. TIFFANY, W.j., I. 1216, 2247, 3631.TAYLOR, P.B. 3445, 6178, 6261. TIFFON, Y. 3437.TAYLOR, R.(E.) 784, 4746. TIKHOMIROV, V.M. 5416.TAYLOR, R.T. 6351, 6352. TILNEY, L.G. 1671.TAYLOR, S.L. 4842. TILTON, B.E. 3704, 3705.TAZIEFF-DEPIERRE, F. 2235, 2236, 2237, TILVE, G.H. 5197.
2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 5407. TIMOSHIN, A.G. 6266.
4114,.o .
..
TINKER, S.W. 5417, 6267, . TSUTSUMI, 3. 3159, 3161, 3641, 3814,TIRANT, G. 6268. 3816, 3933, 5274.TISSIER, M. 4182.... TU, A.(T.) 2073, 5154, 6422, 6423, 6429,TITCOMBS, M. 5418, 5419. 6452, 6579, 6626, 6633, 6683, 6684,TODD, G.B. 3632. 6697, 6698, 6699, 6700, 6701, 6702,TODD, G.3. .5454, 5455. 6703, 6704, 6705, 6706, 6707, 6708, pTOGASHIs M. 3633. 6709, 6710, 6711, 6712, 6713, 6714,TOH, H.T. 6441, 6681. 6715, 6716, 6717, 6718, 6743, 6690,TOKES, P.R. 6179. 6691, 6692, 6693, 6694, 6695, 6696,TOKUNAGA, E. 886. 6709, 6715, 6716.TOMIIE, Y. 2636, 2637, 5420. TU, T.C. 6381, 6740.TOMITA, 3.T. 2355, 2539. TUCHINDA, C. 3932.TOMLIN, E.W.F. 6269. TUCKER, W.G. 1445.TOMLINSON, H.O. 2981. TUFTS, N.(RJ 775, 3195, 3642.TONGE, 3.1. 5421, 5422. TUGERT, V.S. 156.TONIMI, M. 5423. TULIPAN, L 5283.TOOM, P.M. 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251,2252, TUMA, V. 6271.
2253, 2254, 6682 6683, 6707, 6708, TURK, 3.L 1222, 3934.67149, 6717. TURLAPATY, P. 2259.
TOPPE, 0. 2255. TURNBULL, P.C. 5399.TORDA, T.A. 5424. TURNER, A.B. 2631, 2727, 2748.TORGANOVA, A. 425. TURNER, R.3. 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766,TORO-GOYCO, E. 1772, 5425, 5426. 2260, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3214, 3643.TOSHIOKA, S. 301, 1860, 6329. TURSCH, B. 2261, 2606.TOTTON, A.K. 2256, 2257. TWAROG, B.M. 1223, 3644, 3645, 3646,TOYOFUKO, W. 2253. 5451.TOYOSHIMA, T. 5427, 6270. TWE E DIE, M.W.(F.) 426, 2749, 3935, 5452,TRAINOR, F. 1262. 6272.TRANK, 3. 5397. TYBRING, 0. 5453, 6273.TRAUTWEIN, W. 4065. TYE RS, G.F.O. 5454, 5455.TREMBLEY, A. 155. TYSON, E.B. 2262.TRETHAWIE, E.R. 3634, 3635.TREVOR, A.3. 2918, 4208. U 'TRIEFF, N.M. 454, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220.TRISHNANANDA, M. 3932, 6685. UCHIDA, T. 1224, 2263, 3647.TROSCHEL, F.H. 102, 3636. UCHIMURA, Y. 5449.TRUSCHEIT, E. 1768. UEDA, K. 1835, 2264.TSCHESCHE, H. 1768. UEKI, S. 5456.TSENG, C.S. "622. UEMURA, D. 1835, 1941, 2264.TSENG, W.C. 1120. ULBRICHT, W. 1225, 1239, 1240, 1241,TSERNOGLOU, D. 66, 6687, 6688, 6689, 5457, 5458, 5484.
6717. ULITZUR, S. 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230,TSIEN, R.W. 4294. 1231, 1232.TSUBOI, M. 6549. ULMER. 6274.TSUCHIYA, Y. 5428. ULYATT, D.B. 5424.TSUDA, K. 5429, 5430, 5431, 5432, 5433, UMALI, A.F. 5459. . .....
5434, 5435, 5436, 5437, 5438, 5439, UMEDA, T. 3936, 5460.5440, 5441, 5442, 5443, 5444, 5445, UNDERDAL, B. 3648.5446. UNGAR, G. 3310.
TSUDA, R.T. 1221, 3637. UNGER, H. 2750.TSUKADA, 0. 5447, 5448. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MARINE LAB-TSUNENARI, S. 5449. ORATORY. 1233.TSURIEL, P.S. 3638, 3639, 3640. UNO, Y. 536.TSURUMI, S. 5"50. UNSWORTH, B.R.; 5461.
412
UPSHUR, 3.N. 3649. VENTRESCA, D.A. 2854. .-
URAGUCHI, K. 5251. VERCELLONE, A. 2836, 3424, 3425.URAKAWA, N. 1711 1712, 5030. VERNEAUX, 3. 3239, 3240. .-USHIO, Y. 3907. VERNONI, G. 6279.U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. 1234, VERNOUX, 3.P. 4085, 4086, 4697, 5543.
3650, 3651, 3652, 3653o 3654, 3655. VERRILL, A.E. 2755.USURELU, M. 546. VERRILL, A.H. 6725.UTHE, 3.F. 1033. VIALLI, M. 3660, 3661, 3662, 3663.UTINOMI, H. 2751. VICK, 3.A. 1454, 2309, 6572, 6726, 6727.UVNAs, B. 1836, 1837, 2265, 2266. VICTORIA FISH & GAME. DEPT. 5470,UWATOKO-SETOGUCHI, Y. 3937, 6719, 6280.
6720, 6721, 67622, 6723. VIDAKOVIC-BIVAL, V. 4907, 6006.VIELLE, A. 2008.
V VIG, B. 1428, 1429, 1430.VIGIER, M.P. 3664.
Y., A.E. 2267. VIGNON, G. 5471, 5472.VACHON, M. 635&. VILLA, 3. 6728.YADER, W. 1631, 2268. VILLEGAS, 3. 5474. -,VAILLANT, A. 5462. VILLEGAS, R. 4121, 4219, 4248, 5473,VALENCIENNES, (M.)A. 45, 157. 5474. N
VALENTI, M. 1235, 2979, 4329, 5463. VINBERG, G.G. 1238.VALENTIN, F.R., 3R. 1446. VINCENT, D. 3235, 323., 3665, 3666, 3667, -
A.! •-NT!., G. 158. 3668, 3669. -
VALENTINI, V. 2896. VINCENT, 3.P. 2273. 3VALKANOV, A. 1236. VINCENT, L.(P.E.) 5475, 5476.VALLI, V. 6275. VINCENTIUM, A. 161. -:-.VALMONT DE BOMARE, 3.C. 159. VINSON, L.P.E. 5477.,VAN ALSTYNE, M.A. 2047. VIP, L.-L. 5478.VAN ARMAN, G.G. 2175. VIQUEZ, S.C. 6281, 6729.VANCOUVER, G. 160. VIRCHOW, R. 3670, 3671.VAN DEN HEUVEL, W.3.A. 1801. VISWANATHA SARMA, A.H. 998.VAN DER MEER. 6546. VOGELE, L.E. 4151.VANGGAARD, L. 1237, 3938. VOGT, E. 5127.VAN HARREVELD, A. 6158. VOLKWEIN, G. 2572, 2573, 257.4.VAN LEAR, G.E. 1447. VOLSOE, H. 6730.VAN LEENT. 5464. VON BONDE, C. 3672, 5479, 5480.VAN LIERE, E.3. 2269. VON BREDOW, 3. 6727.VANNUCCI, M. 2270, 2271. VON FRAENKEL, P.H. 5481.VAN PEL, H. 5465. VON FRANQUE, A. 6282.VAN SIEGENBEEK HEUKELOM, A. 6724. VON LEDENFELD, R. 2274, 2275.VAN THOAI, N. 1448, 2272, 2753, 3656, VON SOBBE. 5482.
3939. YON UEXKGLL, 3. 2276, 2756, 2757.VAN VEEN, A.G. 5466. VON ZEYNEK, R. 2277.VAN ZANT, C.B. 3657, 5467. VORNOVICKII, G.E. 4748.VASQUEZ, E. 1034, 3479. VOSS-FOUCART, M.F. 3870.VASSALLE, M. 4861. VYSKOCIL, F. 5483.VASSEROT, 3. 2754.VAUGHAN, V.C. 3658, 3940, 5468. W -VAYSSItRE, M.A. 3659.VAYVADA, G. 1099. WACHTER, E. 1558, 2322, 2326, 2327.VELLARD, 3. 5469, 6276, 6277, 6278. WADA, T. 1771, 2340, 2341, 2342.VELTRI, A.M. 2600, 2682. WADA, I. 4803, 4?04.VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, N. 1217. WADE, H.W. 2278.VENOSA, R.A. 4677. WADSTROM, T. 232.
413
WAGLEY, P.P. 347, 2U7. WATERMAN, T.H. 3941.WAGNER, H.-H. 1239, 1240V 1241, 5457, WATKINS, :.C. IS16. "
5458$ 5434. WATROUS, 3.. 2285, 2286, 2287, 5098. -WAINSCHEL, 3. 5485, 6283. WATSON, M. 3676, 3677, 3678.WAITU, E.R. 5086. WATSON, R.A. 763.WAITE, C.L. 2738. WATT, 3. 873, 1249.WAKELY, 3.F. 5487. WATTS, A. 6400.WAKU, K. 4666. WATTS, 3.S. 3679, 3680, 3681.WALDEN, N.&. 1541, 1542. WEAVZR, R.E. 301, 1860.WALDHALUEN, 3.A. 5454, 5455. WEBBER, H.H. 427.WALDICHUK, M. 1242, 3673. WEBER, 'A. 6288WALDSCHMIDT-LEITZ, E. 5488. WEBSTER, M.E. 6364.WALFORD, L.A. 6284, 6285. WEED, A.C. 5637.WALKER, C. 5499. WEEMS, H.B. 2555.WALKER, E.H. 2936. WEIGELE, 3.B. 322, 1250, 3682.WALKER, F.D. 5490. WElL, M.H. 5699, 5700.WALKER, M.3.A. 2279, 2280, 2281, 6731, WEILL, R. 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292,
67k 1. 2293, 229*, 2295.WALKER, S. 1243, 3674. WEINHEIMER, AJ. 819, 1678, 1858, 2296.WALL, 3. 4w63 1244. WEINRICH, D. 1612.WALL, M.E. 2759. WEINSTOCK, M. 4613.WALLACE, L.B 5491, 6286.- WEISMANN. R. 2297.WALNE, P.R. 754, 3825. WELCH, K. `..75.WALSBY, A.E. 683. WELLHONER, H.H.V. 5499.WALSH, E.P. 2236. WELSBY, P.D. 5394.WALTON, 3.3. 1449. WELSCXER, U.E. 4949, 4950.WALTON-SMITH, G. 723, 3138. WELSH, A.M. 1251.WANG, C. 6472. WELSH, 3.H. 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302,WANG, C.L. 6518, 6732. 2760, 2761, 3683, 3684, 3685.WANG, C.M. 1450. WELSH, W.W. 5500.WANGt G. 3605. WENT, A.E.3. 6289, 6290.WANG, 3. (C.-C.) #254, 4255, 4358. WERLER, 3.E. 6733.WANG, 3.H. 4604. WERMAN, R. 4807.WANGERSKY, E.D. 1904, 2282. WERNER, B. 2303.WANGERSKY, P.3. 1245. WERNER, E. 719.WANNSCHAFF', G. 5353. WERNER, S.B. 4842.WARDLE, WJ. 1247. WERRBACH-PEREZ, K. 1043.WARIN, R.P. 1451. WESSEL, G.H. 2304.WARNER, A.M. 6166. WEST, G.S. 6734.WARNICK, 3.E. 1612, 3961. WEST, H. 162.WARREN, M. 1593. WESTERMARK, B. 5004.WARSHOFSHY, F. 2283. WESTERFIELD, M. 830, 963, 1252.WARVDEKAR, V.S. 1881. WESTFALL, 3.A. 2305, 2306.WASKIEWICZ, S. 3675. WESTPHAL, U. 2762.WASSERMAN, G.S. 6287. WHAYNE, T.F. 5318, 6208.WASUWAT, S. 2284. WHEDON, W.F. 1165, 2963, 3586, 3686.WATANABE, A. 5492. WHEELER, C.A. 2314.WATANABE, 3. 3516. WHEELER, J.F.G. 5501, 5502.WATANABE, K. 3163. WHIGHAM, H. 5699, 5700.WATANABE, M. 5493, 5494, 6559. WHITCOMB, E.R. 2558, 2559.WATANABE, T. 2776, 3724, 5495. WHITE, AW. 436, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256,WATANABE, W. 5456, 5*96. 3687, 3688, 5503.WATANABE, Y. 5078, 5080. WHITE, 3.1. 1772.WATERFIELD, C.3. 1248, 5497. WHITE, R.P. 1452, 2307.
414
WHITE, T.D. 4433. WISTAR, E.M. 3706.WHITING, F.E.M. 5"4. WITKOP, D. 1336.WHITLEY, G.(P.) 423, 1453, 2303, 2763, WITTLE, L.W. 1995, 2314, 2315, 2316,
2764, 3"9, 3942, 5505, 5X06, 5507, 2512, 3384.5503, 5509, 5510, 5511, 5312, 3513, WOLFF, MI. 2765, 3707, 3703, 3709.5514, 5515, 5516, 6291, 6292, ,293, WOLFFHARDT, C.M. 4950.6294, 6295, 6296, 6297, 6293, 6299, WOLFSON, F.(H.) 3528, 3710.6300,6735. WOLKE, R. 1262.
WHITTAKER, V.P. 3134, 3271, 3272, 3273, WOLOSZYNSKA, 3. 1263, 3711.3690, 3691. WONG, 3.L. 1264, 5519.
WHITWELL, G.B. 4281. WOOD, E.3.F. 1265.WHYSNeR, 3.A. 3692, 3693. WOOD, 3.D. 5520.WHYTE, E.F. 3120. WOOD, P.C. 787, 83S, 980, 1266: 1267,WHYTE, 3.M. 3694, 3695. 1263, 3204, 3205, 3352, 3429, 3712,WIPeRG, G.S. 1257, 3696, 3697. 3713, 3714, 3715.WICHMANN, C.F. 2905. WOODCOCK, A.H. 1269.WICK, A.N. 4646. WOODHULL, A.M. 4344.WICKS, S.R. 773. WOOD-3ONES, F. 5521.WIDDOWS, 3. 528, 529, 1258, 369M. WOODWARD, G. 1270, 3716.WIENER, S. 3289, 3699, 6301, 6302, 6303, WOODWARD, H. 6306.
* . 6304, 6305, 6306, 6307. WOODWARD, R.B. 5522, 5523."WIENS, H.3. 429. WOODWARD, S.P. 3717.WI3ESUNDeRA, S. 3691. WORRELL, E. 6736, 6737.
' WIKHOLM, D.M. 1033, 1039, 3482, 3433, WORTH, C.B. 323, 3334.3700. WORTHEN, L.R. 430.
WILES, 3.-. 1454, 2309. WRATTEN, S.3. 2317.WILHELMI, 3. 3943. WRIGHT, C.S. 6402.VIL$S, S.L 1936. WRIGHT, E.A. 6373, 637-, 637 5, 6376.WILL, L. 2310, 2311. WRIGHT-SMITH, R.1. 6307.WILLEM, V. 2312. WULFF, 3.C. 165.WILLIAMS, C.M. 5517. WULFF, V.3. 5524.WILLIAMS, F.E. 6436. WUNDeRER, G. 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557,WILLIAMS, H. 3029. 1558, 1559, 1360, 1561, 2073, 2124,WILLIAmS, H.R. 4319. 2239, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322,WILLIAMS, 3. 657, 790, 3009. 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2323.WILLIAMS, M. 5193. WURZINGER, 3. 5525.WILLIAMS, P.A. 3137. WUTH, E.M. 2329, 6308.WILLIAMS, R.H. 723, 724, 3138. WUTHRICH, K. 6504.
SWILLIAMSON, e.3. 438. WYLLIE, S.G. 2544.WILLIAMSON, 3.(A.) 1312, 2313."WILLIS, 3.H. X007. YWILLI'GHBY, F. 163.WILMOT. D.L. 1259. YAFFEE, H.S. 1455, 1*56.WILSON, C.3. 6029. YAGI, K. 3395, 3872, *985.WILSON, 3. 164. YAGi, 5. 5360, 5526.WILSON, 3.P.A. 5518. YAHNKE, 5.3. 3110.WILSON, W.A. 964. YALDWYN, 3.(C.) 2330, 3944.WILSON, W.B. 456, 457, 696, 1021, 1260, YAMADA, S. 3168, 3169, 382*.
1261, 3108. YAMADA, T. 4905.WILSON, W.L. 2588. YAMAGISHI, &. 5527.i WING, R.M. 1153. YAMAGUCHI, H. 1223, 3646, 5451.WINKLeR, L.R. 3701, 3702, 3703, 37N•, YAMAGUCHI, M. 1274, 3723.
3705. YAMAMOTO, 1. 4737, 5528, 5529, 5530,WINSHIP, W.S. 3342. 5531.
41o
YAMAMOTO, S. 4910. YOSHIDA, H. 6*75, 6621, 632, 6673,YAMAMOTO, T. 5230. 6742.YAMAMURA, S. 2637, 2766, 3713. YOSHIDA, S. 5560.YAMANOUCHI, T. 2639, 2767, 2763, 2769, YOSHIDA, S. 490S, 5561.
2770, 2771. YOSHIDA, T. 3265, *115, 4*79,5079, 5274.YAMASAKI, S. 4750, 323, 51532, "533. YOSHIDA, Y. "031.YAMAWAKI, GJ. 3534. YOSHIOKA, M. 3616.YAMAZATO, K. 7*6, 1373. YOSIOKA, 1. 2611, 2612.YANAGISAWA, K. 4725. YOST, G.A. 2344.YANAGISAWA, T. 52"9. YOUATT, G. 5624.YANAGITA, T.M. 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, YOUNG, 3.Z. 3727.
23395 2336, 2337, 233 2339, 2340, YOUNG, W. 5562.2341, 23*2. YOUNGKEN, H.W., 3R. 431.
SYANG, C.C . 6472, 6733. YU, L. *147.YANG, .M. 5A535, 671S. YU, N.T. 6711, 6713, 6743.YANG, T.Y. 6739, 67*0, YUDKIN, W.H. 5563, 556*.YANO, L 5536, 5537.
YAIUV, . 1271. 1272. ZYAROM, Y. 3925.YARRELL, W. 166. ZAHL, P.A. 2656.YASHIMUTAC. 336. ZAHN, C. 6312.YASIRO, H. 3719. ZAMA, K. *589, 5565.YASUKAWA, T. 553S. ZAMMIT, L. 6313.YASUMOTO, T. 496, 497, 9t, *"t, 0q0, ZANETTI, L. 1327, 1323, 2921.
502, 930, 1273, 127*, 1275, 1276, 1277, ZANGGER, H. 432.1273, 1279, 1210, 258,U 2537, 2772, ZARACHIA, T. 51"9.2773, 277*, 2775, 2776, 324S, 3720, ZEHNPER, A. 76L3721, 3722, 3723, 372%, 3313, 3321, Z!KIC,R. 875, 92*, 3397.3322, 3"5, •3909,*09t 090, 09, ZENDA, H. 3293.W0.,*9 7, *W 230, *269, *271, 4357t ZeRACHIA, T. 5160.4%9v *,7*, 4377, 5783, *,79, 4970, ZERVOS, S.G. 1*37, 233*, 23*6.3539, 530, 55*1, 5342, 933, 334*, ZETLeR, G. 556.35*5, 35564 35*7v 55*3, 3559t 3550, ZIBeR-SHUMOVA, N.O. 5567.6461. ZICK, K. 123*, 23*7.
YASUNOBU, K.T. 2231. ZIEMAN, S.A. 23*3YATSKOV, LP. 2343. ZINNeRT, F. 5433.YAZAWA, H. 1193. ZIPRKOWSKI, L. 6312.YEN, T.3. *033. ZIPSER, B. 5563.YeNTSCH, CM. 626, 626,90• 3 1231, 1232, ZLOTKIN, E. 433, 1215, 1453, 2349, 2777,
1233, 2976, 2977, 372. 3723, 397, 5113, 5135, 5136, 5157,SYEOH, P.N. 312, 1717, 4711, 6711, 6731. 5153, 5159, 5160, 5161, 5369, 6052,YIP, L.L. 5351. 6017, 6033, 6313, 674."YIPINSEI, T. 3932. ZWAHLEN, A. $2, 12U6, 2878, 3729.YNDESTAD, M. 36*S. ZWICK, 3. 1560.YOKOO, A. 3552, 5353, 3535, 355, 3556,
5557, 5358, 53".YOKOTE, Z. 3404.4 YONABARU, S. 3944.YONGE, C.M. 3fl, 6309.YONeZAWA, T. 90.LYOSHIBA, S. 3726.YOSHIDA, A. *905, 6672.YOSHIDA, C. 4*76.
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