Bibliographic Research Online Searching Part 2. Bibliographic Research Searching in an online environment Searching in an online environment Find Reputable.

Bibliographic Bibliographic ResearchResearch

Online SearchingOnline Searching

Part 2

Bibliographic ResearchBibliographic Research

Searching in an online Searching in an online environmentenvironment

Find Reputable Web sitesFind Reputable Web sites

Evaluating ResourcesEvaluating Resources

Basic Steps in Online Basic Steps in Online SearchingSearching

Identify key termsIdentify key terms Select appropriate online databasesSelect appropriate online databases Identify search engine featuresIdentify search engine features

Devise search queryDevise search query Search the databaseSearch the database Evaluate resultsEvaluate results Adjust search query as neededAdjust search query as needed

Bibliographic Research: Part One

Bibliographic Research: Part Two

Devise Search QueryDevise Search Query Know the database content and functionsKnow the database content and functions

Consider relationship of search terms to Consider relationship of search terms to each other conceptuallyeach other conceptually

Consider relationship of search terms to the Consider relationship of search terms to the database contentdatabase content

Understand search engine’s unique priority Understand search engine’s unique priority of operation when applying Boolean logical of operation when applying Boolean logical operators (used in the study of sets or set operators (used in the study of sets or set theory; aka binary logic)theory; aka binary logic)

Used by permission from Katie Custis

Biography IndexBiography Index

Biology

Index

Biology

Index

Theology IndexTheology Index

Devise Search QueryDevise Search Query

Devise Boolean Search Strategies for Devise Boolean Search Strategies for each database keeping in mind the each database keeping in mind the databases unique purpose, scope, databases unique purpose, scope, audience and dates of coverage. audience and dates of coverage.

Apply Limits peculiar to each database Apply Limits peculiar to each database with an understanding of the command with an understanding of the command defaults, priority of operations and defaults, priority of operations and special features.special features.

Default (Default (computingcomputing) = a preselected option ) = a preselected option when no alternative is specifiedwhen no alternative is specified


Apply Boolean operatorsApply Boolean operators ANDAND

PhrasePhrase ProximityProximity

OROR SynonymsSynonyms Stemming, TruncationStemming, Truncation

NOT (AND NOT)NOT (AND NOT)

BOOLEAN OPERATORSBOOLEAN OPERATORS

ANDAND

- Narrows the search

- Can be thought of as BOTH

- Requires that both terms be in the results

- Used for combining differing concepts

Messiah AND Christ

•the INTERSECTION of two sets

-Sometimes referred to as “All of these”

Messiah

Christ

BOOLEAN OPERATORSBOOLEAN OPERATORS OROR

- Broadens the search

- Used to find one term OR another

- Can be thought of as EITHER

- Used to search synonymous/closely related terms

Messiah OR Christ

•the UNION of two sets

-Sometimes referred to as “Any of these”

Messiah

Christ

BOOLEAN OPERATORSBOOLEAN OPERATORS

NOTNOT

-Narrows a search

-Used to eliminate records

-Exercise extreme caution; needed concepts may be eliminated unintentionally

Messiah

Messiah NOT Christ

Christ

Messiah

Null set

BOOLEAN APPLIED

Boolean AppliedBoolean Applied

Boolean logic (binary logic) is used by Boolean logic (binary logic) is used by computer search engines to extract computer search engines to extract specific data from large databases.specific data from large databases.

Internet Search engines, directories, Internet Search engines, directories, library catalogs and subject databases library catalogs and subject databases use Boolean Logic (binary logic) for use Boolean Logic (binary logic) for culling out a desired set of recordsculling out a desired set of records

Messiah OR Christ AND JesusMessiah OR (Christ AND Jesus)

Messiah Christ

Jesus

Messiah OR Christ AND Jesus

Messiah Christ

Jesus

(Messiah OR Christ) AND Jesus

Messiah Christ

Jesus


(Messiah AND Jesus) OR (Christ AND Jesus)

Messiah OR Christ OR Jesus

Messiah AND Christ AND Jesus


Messiah OR Christ OR Jesus

Messiah Christ

Jesus

Messiah Christ

Jesus

Messiah AND Christ AND Jesus

Messiah Christ

Jesus


Applied Boolean ANDApplied Boolean AND

PhrasesPhrases Narrow form of ANDNarrow form of AND

Double quotes = Typical Double quotes = Typical command used to indicate a command used to indicate a phrase phrase “”“”““Jesus Christ”Jesus Christ”““Holy Spirit”Holy Spirit”

Applied Boolean ANDApplied Boolean AND

PROXIMITY: NEAR or WITHINPROXIMITY: NEAR or WITHIN NEAR / WITHIN is a restrictive ANDNEAR / WITHIN is a restrictive AND

Designates the closeness of terms Designates the closeness of terms within a source documentwithin a source document

Designates the number of words Designates the number of words by which search terms can be by which search terms can be separatedseparated

w/n:w/n: within the same document within the same document where n = the maximum number where n = the maximum number of words that can come between of words that can come between themthem

Jesus w/1 MessiahJesus w/1 Messiah

Applied Boolean ANDApplied Boolean AND PROXIMITY: NEAR or WITHINPROXIMITY: NEAR or WITHIN

w/sw/s:: within the same sentence within the same sentence

w/p:w/p: within the same paragraph within the same paragraph

Pre/nPre/n before the term where before the term where n=designated numbern=designated number

Jesus the MessiahJesus the Messiah

Jesus pre/1 MessiahJesus pre/1 Messiah

Applied Boolean ORApplied Boolean OR

SynonymsSynonyms Default On/OffDefault On/Off -work, job, -work, job,

career, career, -thought, think, -thought, think,

thinkingthinking

Wildcards Wildcards (replace one (replace one or more letters within a or more letters within a word) word) variant spellingvariant spelling::

women/woman; color/colour; women/woman; color/colour; encyclopedia/encyclopaedia;encyclopedia/encyclopaedia;

judgment/judgementjudgment/judgement

Truncation, StemmingTruncation, Stemming PluralsPlurals variant endingsvariant endings::

ed, es, ing;ed, es, ing; banks, banking, bankruptcybanks, banking, bankruptcy

Typical commands used * ? + Typical commands used * ? + # !# !

bill w/3 clinton or george w/3 bush bill w/3 clinton or george w/3 bush

Here’s how one database will resolve this search:Here’s how one database will resolve this search:

clinton or george clinton or george

bill within three or fewer words of clinton or george bill within three or fewer words of clinton or george

bush within three or fewer words of clinton or george that bush within three or fewer words of clinton or george that is also within three or fewer words of bill is also within three or fewer words of bill

However, with the use of parentheses you can force the names to However, with the use of parentheses you can force the names to stay together as one search concept. For this example, you would stay together as one search concept. For this example, you would enter:enter:

( bill w/3 clinton ) or ( george w/3 bush) ( bill w/3 clinton ) or ( george w/3 bush)

Search StrategySearch StrategySee “Search Tips” and “Help” menus in the See “Search Tips” and “Help” menus in the database for instructions database for instructions

Search Strategy ExerciseSearch Strategy Exercise

Using the library’s OPAC Advanced Using the library’s OPAC Advanced Search perform the searches Search perform the searches illustrated on the next two slides.illustrated on the next two slides.

Then using Boolean logic/binary Then using Boolean logic/binary logic explain why the resulting hit logic explain why the resulting hit lists are so different. lists are so different. Reminder:Reminder:

““any of these” = ORany of these” = OR ““all of these “ = ANDall of these “ = AND ““as a phrase” = phraseas a phrase” = phrase


ANSWER


ANSWERS


In the ATLA (FirstSearch) database In the ATLA (FirstSearch) database Advanced Search screen what would the Advanced Search screen what would the search query look like if the searches search query look like if the searches resulted in these statements?resulted in these statements?

(ti: jesus and ti: christ) or ti: messiah(ti: jesus and ti: christ) or ti: messiah

ti: jesus and (ti: christ OR ti: messiah)ti: jesus and (ti: christ OR ti: messiah) ANSWER

ANSWER


Many online databases provide help by way Many online databases provide help by way of showing the resulting search statement of showing the resulting search statement in Boolean syntax (with imbedded in Boolean syntax (with imbedded parenthesis )parenthesis )

This allows analysis of the search statement This allows analysis of the search statement as it has been interpreted by the as it has been interpreted by the computer’s search engine.computer’s search engine.

Adjustments may then be made to your Adjustments may then be made to your search statement to get the intended search statement to get the intended results.results.

Some databases will offer suggestions for Some databases will offer suggestions for improving your search results.improving your search results.


Using the Academic Search Premier Using the Academic Search Premier database Advanced search perform database Advanced search perform these searches. these searches. messiah Or christ And jesus messiah Or christ And jesus christ Or messiah And jesus christ Or messiah And jesus jesus And ( christ OR messiah ) jesus And ( christ OR messiah )

Then explain which Boolean Then explain which Boolean operation is being given priority.operation is being given priority.

ANSWER

ANSWER

ANSWER


Limiting OptionsLimiting OptionsLocationLocationLanguage Language DateDateType of DocumentType of DocumentFieldFieldTruncation/StemmingTruncation/Stemming

Devise Search QueryDevise Search Query Select fieldsSelect fields

Default settingsDefault settings Author, Personal NameAuthor, Personal Name Title, Source (Publication) Title, Source (Publication) Keyword, Abstract, Full-text Keyword, Abstract, Full-text Subject, DescriptorSubject, Descriptor

Consider the uniqueness of the terms in relation Consider the uniqueness of the terms in relation to the database contentto the database content ““Jesus” in an Education index cf. “Jesus” in a Religion Jesus” in an Education index cf. “Jesus” in a Religion

IndexIndex Location of the term within the record (e.g. field Location of the term within the record (e.g. field

choice)choice) ““Jesus” in the Title field cf. “Jesus” in the Subject fieldJesus” in the Title field cf. “Jesus” in the Subject field

Evaluate ResultsEvaluate Results Kind of records retrievedKind of records retrieved

How well do they meet the information need?How well do they meet the information need?

Examine search query syntaxExamine search query syntax Priority of operationsPriority of operations Parenthetical operations performed firstParenthetical operations performed first

Hint: (a) AND (b) OR (c) = (a AND b) OR cHint: (a) AND (b) OR (c) = (a AND b) OR c

Number of hitsNumber of hits In relation to the database’s subject contentIn relation to the database’s subject content Considering the information needConsidering the information need Too many? Too few? Too many? Too few?

Meaning of the search terms usedMeaning of the search terms used

Adjust Search Query As Adjust Search Query As NeededNeeded

Broaden/Narrow SearchBroaden/Narrow Search Change Boolean operationsChange Boolean operations Change the position of terms within the Change the position of terms within the

search querysearch query Change field selectionsChange field selections Change limiting optionsChange limiting options

Change terminologyChange terminology Change databasesChange databases

Internet SearchingInternet Searching

To Surf or not to SurfTo Surf or not to Surf

Internet SearchingInternet Searching The Internet versus the LibraryThe Internet versus the Library

ComplementaryComplementary Current Events vs. Historical ResearchCurrent Events vs. Historical Research Popular vs. ScholarlyPopular vs. Scholarly Copious vs. SelectiveCopious vs. Selective

ContentContent Haphazard vs. Standardized & Haphazard vs. Standardized &

OrganizedOrganized Unscrupulous vs. ScrutinizedUnscrupulous vs. Scrutinized Transient vs. PermanentTransient vs. Permanent

Internet SearchingInternet Searching

Surface WebSurface Web Deep Web (Invisible Web)Deep Web (Invisible Web) Search Engines Search Engines Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories The Good, the Bad and the The Good, the Bad and the

UglyUgly

Surface WebSurface Web

Only 30% of the entire Only 30% of the entire InternetInternet

Accessed by Accessed by search enginessearch engines subject directoriessubject directories

ContentContent Popular, Personal, Public DomainPopular, Personal, Public Domain Static fixed Web pagesStatic fixed Web pages

Deep Web Deep Web (Invisible Web)(Invisible Web)

70% of the Internet70% of the Internet Accessed by direct query or Accessed by direct query or

authorizationauthorization Content: Information stored in Content: Information stored in

Databases mounted on the WebDatabases mounted on the Web Scholarly resources; targeted topicsScholarly resources; targeted topics Library OPAC’s, subject specific databasesLibrary OPAC’s, subject specific databases News, Business, Directories; Phone Books, News, Business, Directories; Phone Books,

Multimedia, Graphic Files, Digital ExhibitsMultimedia, Graphic Files, Digital Exhibits

Deep Web Deep Web (Invisible Web)(Invisible Web)

Search engines cannot/will not Search engines cannot/will not index this information.index this information.

Some subject directories will link to Some subject directories will link to these sitesthese sites

For more information see:For more information see: http://library.albany.edu/internet/deepwhttp://library.albany.edu/internet/deepweb.htmleb.html

Internet SearchingInternet Searching Search EnginesSearch Engines

Specific site wanted (e.g. Lord of the Specific site wanted (e.g. Lord of the Rings, Lakers, CNN)Rings, Lakers, CNN)

40% overlap among them40% overlap among them No quality controlNo quality control Uses robots, web crawlers, spiders, Uses robots, web crawlers, spiders,

etc. to match characters in specific etc. to match characters in specific fieldsfields

Hit lists ranked based on paid Hit lists ranked based on paid inclusion programs (except Google inclusion programs (except Google which has a separate sponsor list)which has a separate sponsor list)

Internet SearchingInternet Searching Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories

Topical searches (e.g. movies, Topical searches (e.g. movies, sports, news)sports, news)

No particular site in mindNo particular site in mind Some are created and Some are created and

maintained by librarians, maintained by librarians, scholars and subject specialistsscholars and subject specialists

Identify Reputable Internet Identify Reputable Internet SitesSites

Scout ReportScout Report http://scout.wisc.edu/http://scout.wisc.edu/

INFOMINE – Scholarly Internet INFOMINE – Scholarly Internet Resource Collections: Resource Collections: http://infomine.ucr.edu/http://infomine.ucr.edu/

Encyclopaedia Britannica OnlineEncyclopaedia Britannica Online “ “Britannica Internet Guide“Britannica Internet Guide“

Use Subject Directories created and maintained by scholars, subject specialists

and librarians:


The Digital LibrarianThe Digital Librarian http://www.digital-librarian.com/http://www.digital-librarian.com/

The Internet Public LibraryThe Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org/http://www.ipl.org/

BUBL Link (British)BUBL Link (British) http://bubl.ac.uk/http://bubl.ac.uk/


TMC Library OPACTMC Library OPAC

TMC Library Web ResourcesTMC Library Web Resources

WorldCat (FirstSearch)WorldCat (FirstSearch)See next slide for See next slide for instructionsinstructions

Intelligent SearchingIntelligent Searching

•A ~”name” reflects a personal site representing a personal viewpoint

Clues of Caution when searching the public Internet… in the URL:

•A .com or .org typically provides biased information

The Good, the Bad and the The Good, the Bad and the UglyUgly

Intelligent SearchingIntelligent Searching…on the site itself:

•Comic or incendiary language

•Lack of ownership or author

•Lack of currency

•Bias towards audience, or slant of information; positive without the negative; one sided


•Check domain names with a registry agency: register.com

•More about domain names: http://florin.syr.edu/webarch/domains.php3

Search Smart:

•Check underlying pages, top level pages, and links

Look up the domain registry page at the appropriate registry agency:

For .com, .edu, .net, .org : www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois

For .gov (U.S. government) : www.nic.gov/cgi-bin/whois

For .mil (U.S. military) : www.nic.mil/cgi-bin/whois

Look up the domain registry page at the appropriate registry agency:

For Asian-Pacific : www.apnic.net/apnic-bin/whois.pl

For European : www.ripe.net/cgi-bin/whois

The rest of the world:

www.uninett.no/navn/domreg.html


Visit web sites that post hoaxes

Does it have the HON seal: Health on the Net foundation

Look for Web site awards or other organizational “seals of approval”

Professional associations

Evaluate EverythingEvaluate EverythingPhysical AND ElectronicPhysical AND Electronic

Consider the following:Consider the following: Purpose and ScopePurpose and Scope Source, Authorship, Publishing Source, Authorship, Publishing

BodyBody Content and CurrencyContent and Currency Style and FunctionalityStyle and Functionality BiasBias VerifiabilityVerifiability


These Research Guides will be These Research Guides will be helpfulhelpful Evaluating ResourcesEvaluating Resources

www.masters.edu/rgevaluatingresourceswww.masters.edu/rgevaluatingresourcesAn easy way to help evaluate the An easy way to help evaluate the usefulness of research resources both usefulness of research resources both paper and electronic paper and electronic

Covers purpose, source, content, style Covers purpose, source, content, style and functionalityand functionality

Web Page EvaluationWeb Page Evaluation www.masters.edu/rgwebpageevaluationwww.masters.edu/rgwebpageevaluation


Use Subject Directories to find Use Subject Directories to find Web sites that teach how to Web sites that teach how to evaluate resourcesevaluate resources Library Web siteLibrary Web site Web ResourcesWeb Resources Topic – Research/WritingTopic – Research/Writing Type – All TypesType – All Types Sub-topic – Evaluating ResourcesSub-topic – Evaluating Resources

Evaluating Internet Evaluating Internet ResourcesResources

Evaluating Web Pages: Techniques to Evaluating Web Pages: Techniques to Apply & Questions to Ask,Apply & Questions to Ask, UC Berkeley - UC Berkeley - Teaching Library Internet Workshops Teaching Library Internet Workshops http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.htmlGuides/Internet/Evaluate.html

Evaluating Information Found on the Evaluating Information Found on the Internet,Internet, Johns Hopkins University - Johns Hopkins University - http://www.library.jhu.edu/researchhelp/ghttp://www.library.jhu.edu/researchhelp/general/evaluating/eneral/evaluating/


Evaluating Internet Resources, Evaluating Internet Resources, University at Albany, SUNY,-University at Albany, SUNY,- http://library.albany.edu/internet/evaluathttp://library.albany.edu/internet/evaluate.htmle.html

Evaluating Web Pages, Evaluating Web Pages, Duke UniversityDuke University -- http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/evaluathttp://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/evaluating_web.htming_web.htm


Librarians' Internet Index -Librarians' Internet Index - http://lii.org/http://lii.org/ For annotated descriptions of For annotated descriptions of

many good guides to evaluating many good guides to evaluating Web pages search the subject:Web pages search the subject:

““Evaluation of Internet Evaluation of Internet ResourcesResources””

Now you know how to …Now you know how to …

Search OnlineSearch Online

Find Reputable Web sitesFind Reputable Web sites

Evaluate ResourcesEvaluate Resources

Citing SourcesCiting Sources

Subject search forSubject search for ““report writing”, “authorship” or report writing”, “authorship” or

“technical writing”“technical writing” Title Search – use respective acronymTitle Search – use respective acronym

apa, mla, cbeapa, mla, cbe NOTE: “Turabian” is the author not the NOTE: “Turabian” is the author not the

titletitle Call numbers: 808.02; 808.06Call numbers: 808.02; 808.06

Use OPAC to find Manuals of Use OPAC to find Manuals of StyleStyle

Manuals of StyleManuals of Style

APA - American Psychological AssociationAPA - American Psychological Association

MLA - Modern Language AssociationMLA - Modern Language Association

CBE - Council of Biology EditorsCBE - Council of Biology Editors

Turabian - Turabian - Manual for writers of term Manual for writers of term papers, thesis and dissertationspapers, thesis and dissertations by Kate by Kate L. Turabian (see also Chicago)L. Turabian (see also Chicago)

Chicago Manual of Style (see also Chicago Manual of Style (see also Turabian)Turabian)

Citing SourcesCiting SourcesFor more information go toFor more information go toLibrary Web pageLibrary Web page

Web ResourcesWeb ResourcesResearch/WritingResearch/Writing

Citing SourcesCiting Sources

Bibliographic Management Bibliographic Management SoftwareSoftware

Create personal databasesCreate personal databases References can also be imported from References can also be imported from

online databases, CD-ROM’s or text filesonline databases, CD-ROM’s or text files Automatically formats the paper and the Automatically formats the paper and the

bibliography to any selected publication bibliography to any selected publication stylestyle

Instantly change the format for another Instantly change the format for another publicationpublication

Many online databases provide exporting Many online databases provide exporting options for sending articles identified in options for sending articles identified in the database to these bibliographic the database to these bibliographic management tools.management tools.

Bibliographic Management Bibliographic Management SoftwareSoftware

Desk top products:Desk top products: ProCiteProCite®® (Thomson ResearchSoft)(Thomson ResearchSoft)

EndNoteEndNote®® (Thomson ResearchSoft)(Thomson ResearchSoft)

Reference ManagerReference Manager®® (Thomson (Thomson ResearchSoft)ResearchSoft)

Web based products:Web based products: WriteNoteWriteNote®® (Thomson ResearchSoft) (Thomson ResearchSoft)

RefWorksRefWorks

The end.The end.

Questions?Questions?From the library Web site select

Library Services Ask-A-Librarian or go to

http://www.masters.edu/libraries/AskALibrarian.asp



BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

Research Strategies Research Strategies Internet Searching Internet Searching

Helps Helps

Search EnginesSearch Engines

Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories


Research StrategiesResearch Strategies Badke. Badke. Research Strategies: Research Strategies:

finding your way through the finding your way through the information foginformation fog. . Lincoln, NE: Writers Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press / iUniverse.com, 2000 Club Press / iUniverse.com, 2000 ISBN: 0595100821; Price: $15 est.ISBN: 0595100821; Price: $15 est.

DDC: 001.42/B142r/2000DDC: 001.42/B142r/2000

http://www.acts.twu.ca/LBR/http://www.acts.twu.ca/LBR/research.htmresearch.htm

Internet Search HelpsInternet Search Helps UC Berkeley UC Berkeley

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/Teachihttp://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/FindInfo.htmngLib/Guides/Internet/FindInfo.html l

University of Albany University of Albany http://library.albany.edu/internet/shttp://library.albany.edu/internet/searchnet.htmlearchnet.html

Internet Search HelpsInternet Search Helps

““How to choose a Search Engine or How to choose a Search Engine or a Subject Directorya Subject Directory””

http://library.albany.edu/internet/http://library.albany.edu/internet/choose.htmlchoose.html

Search Engines & Subject Search Engines & Subject DirectoriesDirectories

University of Tennessee Search EnginesUniversity of Tennessee Search Engineshttp://www.lib.utk.edu/refs/search.htmlhttp://www.lib.utk.edu/refs/search.html

Search Engine Watch Search Engine Watch http://www.searchenginewatch.comhttp://www.searchenginewatch.com

SearchIQ SearchIQ http://www.zdnet.com/searchiq/http://www.zdnet.com/searchiq/

Search EnginesSearch EnginesGo to University at Albany Go to University at Albany http://library.albany.edu/internet/engines.http://library.albany.edu/internet/engines.htmlhtml for an abstracted list of: for an abstracted list of:

Search Engines, Meta Search Search Engines, Meta Search Engines, Deep Web Collectors, Engines, Deep Web Collectors, Specialty Search Engines, Domain Specialty Search Engines, Domain names, Multi-media & Images names, Multi-media & Images finders, New Page Trackersfinders, New Page Trackers

Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories

Go to University at Albany Go to University at Albany http://library.albany.edu/internet/subjecthttp://library.albany.edu/internet/subject.html .html

for an abstracted list of :for an abstracted list of :

Academic & Professional Subject Academic & Professional Subject Directories Directories

Commercial Directories & PortalsCommercial Directories & Portals

Evaluate EverythingEvaluate EverythingPhysical AND ElectronicPhysical AND Electronic

http://milton.mse.jhu.edu:8001/http://milton.mse.jhu.edu:8001/research/education/net.htmlresearch/education/net.html

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/TeachingLib/Guides/Evaluation.htmlEvaluation.html

Answers to Search Query Answers to Search Query ExercisesExercises

Search one resulted in ("jesus")[in Title] Search one resulted in ("jesus")[in Title] AND ("christ")[in Title] OR ("messiah")AND ("christ")[in Title] OR ("messiah")[in Title] with 454 records. The search [in Title] with 454 records. The search engine performed the AND operation engine performed the AND operation first then it applied the OR Messiah. first then it applied the OR Messiah. The results contain the records with The results contain the records with both Jesus AND Christ in them as well both Jesus AND Christ in them as well as all the records with the term as all the records with the term Messiah in them. It could be written Messiah in them. It could be written this waythis way

(jesus AND christ) OR messiah(jesus AND christ) OR messiahBACK


Search two resulted in ("jesus")[in Search two resulted in ("jesus")[in Title] AND (christ OR messiah)[in Title] AND (christ OR messiah)[in Title] resulting in 378 records. The Title] resulting in 378 records. The search engine performed the OR search engine performed the OR operation first then it applied the operation first then it applied the AND operation to it. The results AND operation to it. The results contain those records with both Jesus contain those records with both Jesus AND Christ in them as well as Jesus AND Christ in them as well as Jesus AND Messiah in them. The search AND Messiah in them. The search statement could be written like thisstatement could be written like thisjesus AND (christ OR messiah)jesus AND (christ OR messiah)

BACK


BACK


BACK


BACK

messiah Or christ And jesusmessiah Or christ And jesus resulted in 7214 resulted in 7214 records with the AND operation being performed records with the AND operation being performed first then the OR operation. The hit list contains all first then the OR operation. The hit list contains all the records with both christ AND jesus and well as the records with both christ AND jesus and well as all the records with the term messiah. It can be all the records with the term messiah. It can be written this way written this way messiah OR (christ AND jesus)messiah OR (christ AND jesus)


BACK

Christ OR messiah AND jesus resulted in Christ OR messiah AND jesus resulted in 12592 records with the AND operation 12592 records with the AND operation being performed first then the OR being performed first then the OR operation. The hit list contains all the operation. The hit list contains all the records with both jesus AND messiah as records with both jesus AND messiah as well as all the records with Christ. It can well as all the records with Christ. It can be written christ OR (messiah AND Jesus)be written christ OR (messiah AND Jesus)

Answers to Search Query Answers to Search Query ExercisesExercises jesus AND (christ OR messiah) resulted jesus AND (christ OR messiah) resulted

in 6323 records. The OR operation in 6323 records. The OR operation was performed first then the AND. The was performed first then the AND. The hit list contains all the records with hit list contains all the records with jesus AND christ as well as all the jesus AND christ as well as all the records with jesus AND messiah.records with jesus AND messiah.

BACK

Bibliographic Research Online Searching Part 2. Bibliographic Research Searching in an online environment Searching in an online environment Find Reputable.

Documents

relationship of search

boolean operators

boolean applied slide

messiah christ slide

database content

boolean logical operators

messiah messiah

binary logic slide