Topic 1 : Language Study : Parts of Speech
Topic 1 : Language Study : Parts of Speech.
1.1 Nouns
Exercise 1
You will find ten different sentences below. Please indicate if
the underlined noun is a common, material, proper, collective or
abstract noun in the space provided.
1. We must use flour to bake cakes.
Material noun2. There are not enough chairs for the parents to
sit on.
Common noun3. Everybody is entitled to have an opinion. Abstract
noun4. My children love reading the Harry Porter books. Proper
noun5. Encik Hussin is our new boss Proper noun6. How many members
are there in your drama club ? Collective noun7. It is not healthy
to eat food cooked in oil.
Material noun8. That goose chased me and bit me. Common noun9. I
always move the furniture when I am under stress. Collective
noun10. Your teaching experience is well appreciated here. Abstract
noun1.2 Pronouns
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with pronouns. Make sure that the pronoun
agrees with the noun which is being referred to.
1 My friends are leaving for Penang tomorrow. They will be away
for a week.
2 Ramlah has a Persian cat. It has blue eyes.
3 I informed that lady that she should fill in the forms
first.
4 Encik Hamdan is late. I dont think we should wait for him.
5 The children are playing under the house. I hope no one
disturbs them.
1.3 Verbs
Exercise 1
In the following sentences, underline the verbs.
1. The baby smiled at me.
2. I slept for eight hours last night.
3. I go to school everyday.
4. Susan wrote me a letter.
5. Encik Tan walks to his office every morning.
Exercise 2
Look at the story of Abu below. Pick out the verbs in the
story.
1.4 Adverbs
Exercise 1
All the words in the box are adverbs. Choose on word to fill
each blank.
1. I wake up early every morning.
2. Come quickly. We need your help.
3. I can do all of these exercises easily.
4. She always speaks softly to the child.
5. You should drive slowly along this dangerous road.
1.5 Adjectives
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable adjective from the list
above. You may use each word only once.
1. The students looked tired after running around the field.
2. Saifuls voice became hoarse after the choir practice.
3. Eating fish is better than eating beef.
4. The refrigerator smells bad because there is no
electricity.
5. While undergoing Chemotherapy, her hair fell out and her head
became bald1.6 Prepositions
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with at, in, by, for, along, to, into, about,
from, up or on.
1. We bought this car in August.
2. We looked everywhere for the pen which Ahmad lost.
3. Nani usually sits at this desk.
4. The man walked quickly into the room and sat down.
5. We read about the accident in the newspaper this morning.
6. I must write a letter to my aunt.
7. The boat moved slowly along the coast.
8. Please pick up those papers which are on the floor.
9. The hotel is by the sea.
10. We live a long way from the airport.
1.7 Conjunctions
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with a suitable conjunction. Sometimes, more
than one conjunction can be used.
1. My feet were cold and wet.
2. I was hungry, so I ate an apple.
3. Was the test hard or easy ?
4. The telephone rang, but I didnt answer it.
5. You could either turn right or go straight.
Topic 2 : Language Study : Tenses
2.1.1 Simple present tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present tense
for the verb in parentheses.
1. She reads ( read ) the newspaper every day.
2. We come ( come ) to school by bus.
3. I always walk ( walk ) to school.
4. Helen works ( work ) very hard.
5. The cat chases ( chase ) the mouse all around the house.
6. He speaks ( speak ) several foreign languages.
2.1.2 Simple Past Tense
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past tense for
the verb in parentheses.
1. We worked ( work ) in our garden all day yesterday.
2. I listened ( listen ) to the radio until twelve oclock last
night.
3. The meeting lasted ( last ) about two hours.
4. She studied ( study ) in our class last semester.
5. We both liked ( like ) the movies last night very night very
much.
6. They painted ( paint ) their house green.
2.1.3 Simple Future Tense
Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future tense for
the verb in parentheses.
1. He will call ( call ) you tomorrow.
2. They will see ( see ) us in the morning.
3. I will pay ( pay ) you the rent next week.
4. Hamid will clean ( clean ) the table right now.
5. The wind will blow ( blow ) that sign down.
6. You will learn ( learn ) a great deal in this course.
2.2.1 Present continuous tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present
continuous tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. John is having (have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
2. Stella is watching (watch) TV now.
3. Listen! Someone is knocking (knock) at the door.
4. At this moment, I am reading (read) sentence number 4 in the
exercise.
5. Sogos is having (have) a big sale today.6. Salman seems to be
very busy. I guess he is studying (study) for his English
test.2.2.2 Past continuous tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past continuous
tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. They were eating (eat) in the restaurant on the corner when I
saw them.
2. It was raining (rain) when I left the house.
3. When you telephoned, we were having (have) dinner.
4. I got sick while we were driving (drive) to my
grandmothers.
5. He was working (work) in California when his father died.
6. The baby was sleeping (sleep) soundly when I went to wake
him.
2.2.3 Future continuous tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future
continuous tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. If you come at noon, we will be eating (eat) lunch.
2. At this time next year, we will be traveling (travel) in
South America.
3. At ten oclock tomorrow morning, I will be having (have) my
music lesson.
4. It probably will be raining (rain) when you get back.
5. If you come before six, I will be working (work) in my
garden.
6. Dont call her now. She will be taking (take) her usual
afternoon nap.
2.3 Perfect tenses
2.3.1 Present Perfect tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present perfect
tense for the verb in parentheses.
1. I have spoken (speak) to him about it several times.
2. We have finished (finish) all our homework.
3. He has visited (visit) us many times.
4. She has returned (return) my book at last.
5. I am afraid that I have lost (lose) my car keys.
6. We have learned (learn) many new words in this course. 2.3.2
Past perfect tense
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of past perfect tense
for the verb in parentheses.
1. Fernando told us that he had looked ( look ) everywhere for
the book.
2. Kala had left (leave) by the time we arrived.
3. The police reported that they finally had captured (captured)
the thief.
4. I saw that we had taken (take) the wrong road.
5. He knew he had made (make) a serious mistake.
6. I felt that I had met (meet) the man somewhere before.2.3.3
Perfect continuous tense
Exercise 1
Change these present perfect tense verbs to the past and future
perfect continuous tenses.
1. He has worked in that firm for many years.
a. He had been working in that firm for many years.
b. He will have been working in that firm for many years.2. They
have talked for more than an hour.
a- They had been talking more than an hour.
b- They will have been talking more than an hour.
3. I have traveled all over Europe.
c- I had been traveling all over Europe.
d- I will have been traveling all over Europe.
4. He has slept for more than ten hours.
a. He had been sleeping for more than ten hours.
b. He will have been sleeping for more than ten hours.
5. He has studied English for many years.
a. He had been studying for many years.
b. He will have been studying for many years.
Topic 3 : Language Study : Sentence Types
3.0 Sentence types
3.1 Simple sentences
Exercise 1
Write five sentences in the space provided.
1. We learn the subject carefully.
2. They bought the book yesterday.
3. Abu and Ahmad study very hard.
4. We play football everyday.
5. Siti write letter to her mother. 3.2 Compound sentence
Exercise 2
Write five compound sentences in the space provided.
1. The food is delicious, but it is very spicy.
2. En. Hassan was hungry, so he ate a cake. 3. The sale is very
interesting, so we bought a lot of items.
4. Faizal is so clever and he got the first part in his
class.
5. I know you are nice, however I don't like you.3.3 Complex
sentence
Exercise 3
Write five complex sentences in the space provided.
1. I feel so tired, so I'm going to sleep.
2. The house is so beautiful and I like it.
3. The sale is very interesting, so we bought a lot of
items.
4. Faizal is so clever and he got the first part in his
class.
5. I know you are nice, however I don't like you.
Exercise 4
Look at these sentences. Identify whether they are simple,
compound or complex sentences.
1. He spoke to the teacher yesterday, and he accepted her
explanation. Compound2. My car is in a terrible condition because I
have to travel into the work site everyday. Complex
3. Until now, the authorities have not looked into this problem.
Complex4. I dont know the price of these books, as I havent bought
them myself. Compound
5. We saw that the dog had already left. Simple
6. I knew that I had met her somewhere before. Simple7. If we
had listened to her, we would be all right now. Complex
8. She told us she found the pen. Simple
9. Faridah was sick last week. Simple
10. My car does not run on ordinary petrol but it uses unleaded.
Compound
Topic 4 : Language Study : Types of questions
4.0 Questions
4.1 Yes / No questions and short answers ( + Long Answers )
Exercise 1
In the following dialogues, the long answers is given in
parentheses. Look at the long answer and then make the appropriate
YES / NO QUESTIONS and SHORT ANSWER to complete each dialogue.
1. A : Do you know my brother ?
B : No, I dont ( I dont know your brother )
2. A : Does Ah Heng eats at the Mamak stall everyday? B : Yes,
he does. (Ah Heng eats at the Mamak stall everyday)3. A : Does the
car belong to you ? B : No, it doesnt. (That car doesnt belong to
me)4. A : Do the students speak English well ? B : Yes, they do. (
The students in this school speak English well )
5. A : Are the children playing at the playground ? B : No, they
arent. ( The children arent playing at the playground )
6. A : Can you play the guitar ?
B : Yes, I can. ( I can play the guitar )
7. A : Can you go out tonight ? B : No, I cant. ( I have to
babysit my sister tonight )
8. A : Can birds swims under water ?
B : Yes, some can. ( Some birds can swim under water )
4.2 Information Questions ( WH questions )
Exercise 1
Make information questions. Use all WH questions
1. Q: Where were you born?
A: Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
2. Q: When were you born?
A: Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
3. Q: How did you get here?
A: By bus. (I got here by bus)
4. Q: Why do you like to eat at that restaurant?
A: Because the food is good. (I like to eat at that restaurant
because the food is
good)
5. Q: When will you get home?
A: Around eleven. (I'll get home around eleven)
6. Q: Where do you live?
A: In Jitra. (I live in Jitra)
7. Q: Why does Johar study at the library?
A: Because it's quiet (Johar studies at the library because it's
quiet)
8. Q: Where is the meeting?
A: At Kuala Lumpur (The meeting is in Kuala Lumpur)
9. Q: Who is that man?
A: My husband. (He is my husband)
10. Q: Whom would you like to see?
A: The State Representative. (I would like to see the State
Representative)
4.3 WHAT + a form of DO
Exercise 1
Make questions. Use what + a form of do
1. Q: What are you doing right now?
A: I'm studying.
2. Q: What did you do last night?
A: I went to the cinema.
3. Q: What are you doing tomorrow?
A: I'm going to the market.
4. Q: What will you do tomorrow?
A: I would like to go to the library.
5. Q: What do you study in class every day?
A: I study English.
6. Q: What are you doing right now?
A: I'm writing a letter to my pen friend.
7. Q: What do you do for a living?
A: I'm a teacher. (I teach)
UNIT 2WRITING
TOPIC 1
LEARNING TO WRITE
1.1.2 Spelling Rules Exercise 1
Follow Correct Paragraph Format
Look at the first draft of the reporter's paragraph, which
follows. She didn't use good form. Read the rules that follow the
first draft. Then find the reporter's mistakes. Rewrite the
corrected paragraph in the spaces below.
.
Activity 1
Read the passage "Viagra for the mind" given above. Make a list
of points in a note form in the space provided below.
Answer
1. A new drug is Viagra for the mind can give memory powers of a
20-year-old to absent minded middle-aged people.
2. Viagra could help middle-aged-people do better at work.
3. Viagra for the mind could prove as popular as Viagra among
those in their 40s, 50s and older whose memory is
deteriorating.
4. People who like a drug could do something that with drug can
growing belief that memory loss is a treatable condition. Activity
2
Write a summary of the effectiveness of HT-0712. Your answer
must not be more than 1/3 of the passage.
2.5 Summary
The Drover's Wife
Orientation/telling
Who, where 1
Complication 2
Sequence of events 3
4
5
6
Resolution 7
8
Coda - 9The two-roomed house is built of round timber, slabs and
stringy bark, and floored with split slabs. Bush all round-bush
with no horizon, for the country is flat. The drover an ex-squatter
is away with sheep. His wife and children are left here alone.
Four-ragged, dried-up looking children are playing sbout the
house. Suddenly one of them yells 'Snake! Mother, here's a
snake!'.
It is near sunset, and she knows the snake is there. She makes
up beds for the children and sits down beside them to keep watch
all night.
She has an eye on the corner and a green sapling club ready by
her side. Alligator, the dog, lies nearby.
It must be one or two o'clock in the morning. The bush woman
watches and listens, thinking about her life alone whilst her
husband is gone.
It must be daylight now. The hairs on alligator's neck begin to
bristle. Between a crack in the slabs an evil pair of small,
bead-like eyes glisten. The snake-a black one-comes slowly out.
Alligator springs. He has the snake now. Thud, thud, its head is
crushed.
She lifts the mangled reptile and throws it on the fire. The
eldest boy watches it burn then looks at his mother, seeing tears
in her eyes.
He throws his arms around her and exclaims. 'Mother, I won't
never go droving; blast me if I do!'
(adapted from a short story by Henry Lawson)
Task 1
Based on the model of a narrative 'The Drover's Wife' write a
short story with the help of the framework given.Title Mining For
Silver
Orientation Setting: Who? When? Where? What? Why?A mine is a
place where people dig for metal or minerals. Many mines are found
on the ground. Others are within the earth itself. Some of the
things people mine for are gold, silver, coal, salt, iron, tin and
copper.
Complication:
What began the event?
How did the characters get involved?After Kumar's teacher had
explained this, she asked the class if anyone knew what types of
mine could be found in Malaysia.
Events
How the characters react to the complication."Tin mine, Mrs
Lee!" replied one student.
"There is an old iron mine in Sungai Lembing in Pahang," said
another. "Excellent" said Kumar's teacher. She was surprised that
her student knew about a mine that had been famous long ago.
Resolution
How the characters solve the problem from complication."My
grandfather has a silver mine", said Kumar, laughing. "He pays me
to work for him."
"A silver mine in Malaysia? A boy working in a silver mine? Hmm,
that's hard to believe," said Mrs Lee. "All right, for our next
class, bring us some silver from your grandfather's mine."
Coda
Moral of the story.Two days later, Kumar came prepared. When Mrs
Lee asked for the silver, he handed her a black envelope. "Silver
is heavy, Kumar. This is very light. I hope you are not wasting my
time," said Mrs Lee.
"Well, just look inside, Mrs Lee," replied Kumar confidently.
When Mrs Lee lifted the flap of the black envelope, she saw
something shiny inside. At first, she did not look pleased. Her
face was stern. Then a little smile appeared on her face, as she
understood what Kumar meant by 'silver mine'.
1.3.2 Description
Below is a short descriptive text. Read the text carefully and
then do answer the question.
Qualities of a good teacher
Teacher's styles of a teaching are greatly influenced by their
own individual learning styles. There is always the temptation to
do in class those sorts of activities which a personally enjoys.
The analytical teacher is naturally more interested in structure:
formal correctness, getting at rules by deduction or discovery and
in organized class procedures. The concrete teacher is more
sensitive to social interaction and tends to favour activities in
which learners are given plenty of exposure to role play group
projects, practice and discussion.
A good teacher builds student's self-esteem by using praise
generously and avoiding ridicule and negative public criticism and
gets to know each student's needs, interests and special talents,
as well as the way each child learn best. He or she communicates
often and openly with parents, contacting them early on about
academic or behavioural problems and being candid rather than
defensive when discussing these problems. A good teacher also
regularly assigns homework that helps children learn, and advises
parents how they can work with their children on this homework. He
or she would set high academic standards, expecting all students to
learn and helping them to do so.
Children learn best when taught by warm, friendly, caring and
enthusiastic teachers. All children should be treated fairly, while
a positive discipline code based on clear and fair rules is
enforced. There should be reinforcement of positive behaviour
rather than punishment for negative behaviour.
Learning can be fun if teaching methods are interesting and
varied. Finally, good teacher would reach out to involve parents in
their children's eduation, showing them how they can help their
children at home.
Task 1
List down the qualities of a good teacher as found in the
text.
Answer
1. Teacher must have an idea and enjoy it to do in class those
sorts activities.
2. Naturally interested in structure, formal correctness,
getting at rules by deduction or discovery and in organized class
procedures.
3. Sensitive to social interaction and tends to favour
activities to learn and do the experience to role play group
projects, practice and discussion.
4. Teacher can builds student's self esteem; gets to know each
student's needs, interests and special talents, as well as the way
each child learn best.
5. Communicates with parent openly about academic or behavioural
problems.
6. Regularly assigns homework that helps children learn and
advise parents how they can help their children on this
homework.
7. Teacher would set high academic standards and help students
to do so.
8. Teacher must have a knowledge and skill to teach with fun,
interesting and varied.
9. Reach out to involve parents in their children's education
and showing them how they can help their children at home.
1.4 Reflections
a. Are there any other qualities that you think would make a
good teacher? Write them down in the spaces provided.
1. Teacher must have a knowledge and experience in teaching from
a good training.
2. Teacher must have self confident, patient, sincere, concern
and hardworking in career as a teacher.
3. Teacher must know how to use a psychology skill for the
students who have a problem.
4. Learn and know how to appreciate students and their work.
5. Teacher must always look for the future and try to improve
work to be the best all the time.b. Now try to list down the
qualities that you have as a teacher.1. I have knowledge.
2. I so interested in career as a teacher.
3. I have an ambition to more successful.
4. I have good personality and skill for teaching.
5. I learn and attempt with hardworking to be the best
teacher.
c. Now write two short paragraphs of the qualities that you
posses as a good teacher.
Remember to use all the conventions and rules learned in this
unit.Good teacher is a good person and leader. As a teacher, they
must have an experience, knowledge and hardworking to make a
students interested in learning and success in study.
Teacher also must have a skill, smart and good looking to have a
student respect and love their teacher. Teacher must have a high
education and always attempt to add knowledge. Teacher can further
their study and attend the conference or seminar to be an excellent
teacher. It could be motivation for students to be as a their
respect teacherUNIT 3LISTENING AND SPEAKING
TOPIC 1
DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS
1.1 Effective Listening
Exercise 1.1
1. Have a two person conversation with a friend (in school /
staff room). Find out more about each other than just the common
information such as hometown, hobby, food etc. Write out a short
note of your friend and share it with your class member during
tutorial.
Conversation in staff room
Between: Salleh and AhmadTopic
: Local Fruit in Malaysia
Note from conversation:
The banana is one of nature's most ideal snacks. It is healthy,
filling and conveniently wrapped. It is available all-year round
and the most popular fruit in Malaysia. A banana is packed with
vitamins A, B, C and E and minerals like iron, potassium and
phosphorus. It has four times more protein compared to an apple. It
has half the fat and double the carbohydrate found in an apple.
It is one of the biggest shrubs in the world and member of the
lily family. The fruit grows in a bunch on the top of the stem. It
is harvested while still green and ripens very quickly in warm
weather like ours. It can be kept up to a week an after that it
turns dark brown and is too soft to be eaten.
There are many different types of banana like 'pisang rastali',
'pisang nangka' and 'pisang tanduk'. Although bananas are best
eaten raw, they may also be served in a variety of ways. The most
popular in Malaysia is 'pisang goreng' or banana fritters.
2. Tape your own conversation either in a formal or informal
situation for example, your school English Panel meetings. Plays
the tape and analyse the factors that you feel make your speech
hard to listen to. Then make a list of suggestions on how you can
improve your speaking skills.
Factors speech hard to listen:
1. Interesting topic.
2. Good vocabulary.
3. Have a new word.
4. Good pronouns.
5. Have a good idea.
6. Connection with audients.
The way to improve the speaking skills:
1. More practice and hardworking to excellent in English
speaking.
2. Read more items in English examples book, newspapers,
magazine and so on.
3. Joint class English speaking.
4. Try to speak in English not broken English.
5. Have more vocabulary and find new words always.
3. Listen to a radio or watch a television prime time news. Jot
down the main idea (main news) of that particular news. List down
the sub-topics or details of the news. You will have to present it
in class later. News
: News 6 O'clock
Channel: TV2
Topic
: Dengue
Date
: 21st October 2005
Main idea: There are a lot of people died with dengue.
Sub-topic: Talking about mosquito
As a mosquito bite humans, it injects us with its saliva and
this causes us to itch.
The dangerous thing is that when a mosquito bites someone who
was malaria or dengue, it carries the germs in its saliva, and
these are transferred to the next person it bites.
We have to be extra careful and make sure we do not leave water
containers uncovered because mosquitoes will breed in the
water.
There are also more mosquitoes during the rainy season.
This is due to mosquitoes breeding in water that has collected
in empty bottles, tin cans and other objects which we do not throw
away properly.
The most important is to keep our house and environment
clean.
Abu was a nosy boy. One day he saw a large house in a dark
forest. It was a dilapidated house and Abu decided to enter it. He
didnt even bother to knock but walked in boldly. There was a wooden
table with three plates of noodles. He tasted the delicious noodles
in all three plates and finished the smallest plate. Then he
decided to take a nap and broke the small bed. Dont you think the
rude Abu should have been charged in court with trespassing and
theft?
International student at eastern community college Yoshi
Hiramoto is one of 350 international students at eastern community
college. He is from chiba, a seaport near Tokyo Mr. Hiramota is 34
years old and as sales manager for a hospital equipment company
sells equipment to American hospital, so he needs English for work.
Mr. hiromoto likes the united states very much and he also likes
the students at his school. He thinks his English class is
excellent, but he thinks the food in the cafeteria is terrible. In
his free time Mr. Hiramoto likes to cycle and visit tourist sights
near the school.
An international student at Eastern Community College Yoshi
Hiramoto is one of 350 international students at Eastern Community
College. He is from Chiba, a seaport near Tokyo. Mr. Hiramota is 34
years old and as Sales Manager for a Hospital Equipment Company
sells equipment to American Hospital, so he needs English for work.
Mr. Hiromoto likes the United States very much and he also likes
the students at his school. He thinks his English class is
excellent, but he thinks the food in the cafeteria is terrible. In
his free time Mr. Hiramoto likes to cycle and visit tourist sights
near the school.
If you have forgotten what it was to have a good memory, help
could be at hand.
A new drug dubbed "Viagra for the mind"- is said to give
absent-minded middle-aged people the memory powers of a
20-year-old.
It promises to transform life for around 15 million Britons
plagued by forgetfulness as they get older.
Soon there will be no excuse for failing to remember a wedding
anniversary, birthday or business meeting, the research
suggests.
US scientists said it could help middle-aged people keen to
learn a new language, play a musical instrument or simply function
better at work.
The drug, which has its first test on humans in the coming
months and could be on sale within five years, could prove as
popular as Viagra among those in their 40s, 50s and older whose
memory is deteriorating.
Professor Tim Tully, of Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory in New
York, said: "There are an awful lot of people who'd like a drug
that could do something about that. There's a growing belief that
memory and memory loss is a treatable condition".
The drug code-named HT-0712, helps to retain information in the
short-term memory. It works by activating a gene called Creb, which
is contained in every human cell.
The gene allows brain cells to make the connections vital for
memory formation.
But in many people, this memory-making process slows down with
age.
Animals tests of HT-0712 show it can reduce forgetfulness by up
to 90 percent. Experiments with fruit flies gave them the
equivalent of a photographic memory.
Ordinary flies took 10 attempts to learn to avoid an unpleasant
chemical, but flies given the drug learned after one approach.
The basic mechanics of memory formation are very similar in
humans, Professor Tully said.
He said the drug could make life easier for people who do not
suffer from any specific disease, but recognize that their memory
is not as good as it used to be.
The Malay Mail, March 9. 2004
The drug code-named HT-0712, helps to retain information
activating a gene called Creb, which allows brain cells to make the
connections vital for memory formation. Animals tests showed it can
reduce forgetfulness by up to 90 percent. Professor Trully said the
drug could make life easier for people who do not suffer from any
specific disease.
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