9-11 September, Thimphu, Bhutan Tayba Buddha Tamang Senior Meteorologist Meteorology Division Department of Hydro Met Services Ministry of Economic Affairs [email protected]Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Asia BHUTAN Country Presentation
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BHUTAN Country Presentation - GFCS · ῆ1991- Under Bhutan Power System Master Plan project Hydro-met network covering the whole country was established. ῆHydro-met network and
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9-11 September, Thimphu, Bhutan
Tayba Buddha TamangSenior MeteorologistMeteorology Division
Department of Hydro Met ServicesMinistry of Economic Affairs
Monsoon in Bhutanῆ Bhutan Climatic is generally dominated by monsoon winds
with dry winter and wet summer monsoon
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Monthly Average Rainfall 1998-2008
Month
Rai
nfal
l in
mm
DJF MAM JJAS ON
2% 20% 72% 6%
Disaster Risks in Bhutan
ῆ Rain varies with altitudeῆ Southern foothills vulnerable to
monsoon related disasterῆ Foothills = Fragile and prone to
landslides
ῆ Floodᾶ GLOFᾶ Flashfloodsᾶ Landslide Dam Outburst
Floodsῆ Landslidesῆ Wind storm – pre
monsoon and post monsoon
ῆ Epidemics, pests and diseases:
ῆ Earthquakesῆ Forest Firesῆ …………..
FloodsGLOF Flashfloods LDOFs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Disc
harg
e (m
3/s)
Flash Flood: Pasakha August 2000 Tsatichhi 2004
GLOF: Punakhtshangchhu October 1994
During rainy season - Young fragile geology and steep slopes prone to landslides.
Most landslides occur in the eastern and southern foothills.
Landslides frequently disrupt means of Transportation
Scores of landslides along the Thimphu Phuentsholing National Highway occurred every year during the monsoon,
Landslides
2. Organizational Chart
3. Mission and Basic Info of DHMS
VISION: Maintain and operate a functional hydro-meteorologicalÄnetwork to provide standard products and services for fulfill the national, regional and international requirements.
GOALS: Provide reliable hydro-meteorological information and services needed for various including weather & flood forecasting and warning .
OBJECTIVES: To provide an effective national source of hydro-meteorological data , service , andÄadviceÄto meet the needs of the general public, emergency services and other specialized users.
3. Mission and Basic Info of DHMS
Historic Developmentῆ1991- Under Bhutan Power System Master Plan project Hydro-met network covering the whole country was established.
ῆHydro-met network and data used primarily for hydropower planning activities.
ῆDec 2011 - Up-gradation of Hydro-met Services Division to a fully-fledged Department of Hydro-Met Services.
ῆMandated to provide reliable Weather & Climate data, accurate Weather & Flood Forecasting.
Network of DHMS1. METEOROLOGICAL SURFACE STATIONῆAgro Met Station ᾶ 20 (Manual)
ῆClimatology Station ᾶ 62 (Manual)
ῆAutomatic Station - 24
Daily measured parameter
Rainfall Temperature/Humidi
ty Wind
Sunshine duration
Soil Temperature
Evaporation
Daily measured parameter
Rainfall
Temperature/Humid
ity
Data Collection StatusῆManual Station (Class A & C)
ῆ Data recorded daily at 9 am ῆ Data sent monthly to head officeῆ Data available mostly from 1996 onwards
ῆAWSῆ Data recorded every 30 minutes interval in loggerῆ Also sent via GSM/GPRS to head office database
in realtime.ῆ Data available from 2011, 2012 and 2014
onwards
ῆData Sharingῆ Currently not connected to GTS
Network of DHMS cont..
2. HYDROLOGICAL Network : To study and understand water
Network of DHMS cont..
Network of Hydrological Station•Principal Station
16 •Secondary Station 10•Sediment Sampling Station
11•AWLS 5
Measurements•Gauge height – River Height•Discharge – volume of flow•Sediment load – slits and river load
ᾶ Principle Station: From 1991 till date ᾶ Secondary Station: From 1986 till
dateᾶ Sediment: From 1991 till date
Data observed: ᾶ Principal: Twice in a dayᾶ Secondary : Twice in a dayᾶ Sediment: Everyday for at least 20
days. ᾶ Automatic: Transmitted every 15/30
mins. to Head quarter.
Flood Warning Section• Gauge height• Discharge• Rainfall• HF Stations• Communication
High Frequency Wireless communication
Data Observation FWS
ῆ Date record : late 50s till date Data observed: ῆ Every hourly ᾶ Summerῆ Thrice a day at 8am,1pm &6pm- Winterῆ Twice a day at 9am & 6pm -
Water level
Rainfall
There are 28 Flood Warning Stations which monitor river levels across the country. The river level data and rainfall data thus collected are communicated through wireless VHF systems to India and Head Office.
Snow Station Glacier works
ῆ 10 snow manual station
ῆ Started since 2013
Collaborative Research inRinchen Zoe La area, Sephu CU & DHMS
Glacier Mass balance Study of a glacier in Chamkharchhu basin, NVE & DHMS
GLOF Early Warning System
ῆ Installed Punatsangchu River Basin
ῆ Basin = 13,263 sq.kmῆ Past GLOF = 7 Oct 1994ῆ Consists :
ᾶ 10 AWLS and AWS ᾶ 18 Sirens
ῆ Communicationᾶ Iridium Satellite
ῆ 24/7 control room monitoring
SOP and Information Dissemination flow chart
Database Management
HYDATA v4.2: Archive, HYDATA v4.2: Archive, Data AnalysisData AnalysisDatabase: HYDATA v4.1 is used as hydrological database as well as for data processing .
Hydrological Database
Database Management cont.
Climsoft: Climsoft: Archive, Quality Check, Data Archive, Quality Check, Data AnalysisAnalysis• Installed May 2014 through VCP WMO project.• 2 desktop and one Server• Expert from Kenya Met Service ᾶ Installation & Training.
Meteorological Database
DMS & CMS
ῆ Under construction HYCOS & FMI
ῆ Web based data sharing
ῆ Explore ability to communicate with Hydrology
and Meteorology database
ῆ Database for real time AWS and AWLS with QC
features
ῆ Carry out different statistical analysis
ῆ Climatic time series graphical display
Strategies of DHMSStrategies to be adopted to strengthen the hydrological and meteorological services:ῆMaintaining and upgrading the monitoring network, communication and data processing facilitiesῆEnsuring well managed hydro-meteorological and flood warning services network and database ;ῆDeveloping and facilitating easy access to database, resources and experts; Adopting scientific and rigorous methodology and putting in adequate resources for timely information and services for flood forecasting and warning.
Strategies cont.ῆ Promoting human resources development
and effective utilization of resources and use of ICT;
ῆ Working with the private sector to develop public-private partnership in hydro-meteorology;
ῆ Providing opportunities for staff to participate in international trainings, seminars and workshops in the field of hydro-meteorology;
ῆ Promoting and strengthening cooperation and collaboration with national, regional and international organizations;
ῆ Promoting research and development works on Hydro Meteorology within DHMS
Ongoing Project-DHMS
ῆ HKH HYCOS
ῆ NAPA II
ῆ JICA ᾶ EWS in Mangdechu and Chamkhar Basin
ῆ FMI
ῆ World Bank
ῆ STORM Project with SAARC
ῆ NVE
DHMS Current and Plan Service Users
SERVICES CURRENT PLAN
Historic/Climatic Data
1. Infrastructure and Hydro Power Planning and Development
2. Tourism for information to tourist on climate of Bhutan and regions
1. Alternative renewal Energy Development Planning (Wind & Solar)
2. Setting plan for annual and cumulative targets for cereal production for coming five years.
3. Provide info on the tourist off season climate of eastern Bhutan
4. Hazard zone mapping –Flood prone areas from rainfall, geographic and socio-economic data.
Weather Forecast
24 hours by Media 1. 72 hr Forecast for hydropower production estimations, Dam regulation
2. Agriculture-Planting and harvesting. 3. Tourism- plan and operate the
sectors (Trekking,Hiking & Site seeing)
4. Short Range forecast for Aviation + installation of Ceilometer & Doppler Radars.
DHMS Current and Plan Service Users cont.
SERVICES CURRENT PLAN
Extreme Weather & Flood Forecasting
Snow, Heavy Rain, Cyclone watch advisory to DDM, Agriculture and Media
1. EWS to be set up for Flood and hazard weather warning.
2. SOP with DDM and other stakeholder to be developed.
3. DDM and Health agency to plan for evacuation and rescue.
Monsoon Outlooks
Agriculture 1. Improve the Average yield of crops by adaptation to yearly variation in rainfall patterns.
2. Estimate the Hydro power production and plan accordingly
3. Farmer to plan and manage cropping pattern
Information from “Socio-Economic Study on Improved Hydro-Meteorological Services in the Kingdom of Bhutan ”, FMI & DHMS 2014