Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur M. Sc. Chemistry Page 1 Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur M.Sc. Chemistry (CBCS) Programme 1. Duration of the Course The Master of Science Chemistry programme will be of four semesters duration under Choice based Credit system which will be conducted in two years. Each semester will be of approximately 5 months (minimum 90 working days in a semester) duration. 2. Eligibility: Candidates seeking admission to the first semester of M.Sc.(CBCS) Chemistry must have a B.Sc. with Chemistry as one of the optional subjects or as a honours subject (10+2+3 scheme) with minimum 55% marks from a UGC recognized University 3. Admissions: Admissions to the first semester of M.Sc.(Chemistry) will be made as per admission rules for M.Sc.(CBCS) 4. Medium of Instruction The medium of instruction and examination shall be English. 5. No. of Seats Total number of normal fee seats: As per information bulletin 6. Curriculum The programme shall follow Choice Based Credit System(CBCS) and will be governed by the Common Rules and Regulations of Masters programme under CBCS approved by the Academic Council of the University.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 1
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M.Sc. Chemistry (CBCS) Programme
1. Duration of the Course The Master of Science Chemistry programme will be of four semesters duration under Choice
based Credit system which will be conducted in two years. Each semester will be of
approximately 5 months (minimum 90 working days in a semester) duration.
2. Eligibility: Candidates seeking admission to the first semester of M.Sc.(CBCS) Chemistry must have a
B.Sc. with Chemistry as one of the optional subjects or as a honours subject (10+2+3 scheme)
with minimum 55% marks from a UGC recognized University
3. Admissions: Admissions to the first semester of M.Sc.(Chemistry) will be made as per admission rules for
M.Sc.(CBCS)
4. Medium of Instruction The medium of instruction and examination shall be English.
5. No. of Seats Total number of normal fee seats: As per information bulletin
6. Curriculum The programme shall follow Choice Based Credit System(CBCS) and will be governed by the
Common Rules and Regulations of Masters programme under CBCS approved by the
Academic Council of the University.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 2
Scheme of Studies M. Sc. (Chemistry) (CBCS Scheme)
Polymers: types of polymers, electrically conducting, fire resistant and liquid crystal polymers,
Biodegradable polymers, kinetics of polymerization, mechanism of polymerization, molecular
mass, number and mass average molecular mass, molecular mass determination (osmometry,
viscometry, diffusion and light scattering methods, GPC), sedimentation, chain configuration of
molecules, calculation of average dimensions of various chain structures. Degradation of
polymers.
Books Recommended: 1. Nash, L. K. Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics 2nd Ed., Addison Wesley (1974).
2. Gurtu and Gurtu, Advanced Physical Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan
3. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin's Physical Chemistry 8th Ed., Oxford University Press
4. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry Benjamin-Cummings (2005). 5. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 3rd Ed., Univ. Science Books (2001). 6. Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidler, Mcgraw-Hill.
7. Chemical Kinetics, Kali Das, New Age International Publication. 8. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose, McMillan.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 13
SEMESTER-I
CHEM-614: Group Theory and Spectroscopy
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal) Credits 4
UNIT I
Symmetry and Group theory in Chemistry:
Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definition of group, subgroup, Conjugacy relation
and classes. Point symmetry group, Schonfilies symbols, representation of groups by matrices (
representation for the Cηh, Cηv, etc. groups to be worked out explicitly). Characters of a
representations, Great orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character tables
and their use; spectroscopy, Derivation of character table for C2ν and C3ν point group.
MolecularVibrations in H2O.
UNIT-II
Unifying Principles: Electromagnetic radiations, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with
matter, absorption, emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarization and
scattering, Uncertanity relation and natural line width and natural line broadening, Factors
affecting natural line width, transition probability, results of time dependent perturbation theory,
transition moments, selection rules, intensity of spectral lines, Born oppenheimer approximation.
Rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels.
Photoelectron spectroscopy: Franck Condon principle, types of electron spectroscopy, ESCA-
theory, instrumentation and applications, Auger emission spectroscopy-Basic idea.
UNIT III
Rotational spectroscopy: classification of molecules, rigid rotator, effect of isotopic substitution
on the transition frequencies, intensities, non-rigid rotor, stark effect, nuclear and electron spin
interaction and effect of external field, applications.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 14
Vibrational Spectroscopy:
Review of linear harmonic oscillator, Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, Zero Point
energy, force constant and bond strength, anharmonicity, Morse Potential energy diagram, Vibration-rotation spectroscopy, P.Q.R. branches, breakdown of oppenheimer approximation,
selection rules, finger print region, Group frequencies and intensities, overtones, hot bands,
combination bands and Fermi resonance.
UNIT IV
Raman spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of raman effect, Stokes and anti-Stokes
lines, Pure rotational, vibrational, rotational- vibrational Raman spectra, Mutual exclusion
principle.
IR Spectroscopy (Characterization of functional groups)
Normal modes of vibration, Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational
frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides,
lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds), factors affecting the band positions,
brief idea of FT-IR.
UNIT V
Ultra-violet and visible spectroscopy:
Various electronic transitions, Beer-lambert law, effect of solvent on electronic transitions, UV
spectra of carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes,
Woodward-Feiser rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds, UV spectra of benzene
and its derivatives, applications of UV spectroscopy.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 15
Books recommended-
1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Wiley.
2. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton.
3. Symmetry and Group theory: Some chemical applications, Ramashankar and Suresh
Ameta, Himanshu Publications, Udaipur, Delhi.
4. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill.
5. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, McGraw Hill.
6. Theory and Applications of UV Spectroscopy, H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, IBH- Oxford.
7. Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy, P. K. Ghosh, John Wiley.
8. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, A Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, Harper &
Row.
9. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Company.
10. Infrared and Raman Spectra: Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, K. Nakamoto,
Wiley.
11. Molecular Symmetry in Chemistry Via Group Theory - U.C. Agarwala, Ane books
India
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 16
SEMESTER-I
CHEM 615: Core practical I
(Organic Chemistry)
M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal) Time- 8hrs Credits 4
1. Separation of binary mixture (minimum -8 )
Purification and identification of compounds in a binary mixture of two solids and
preparation of their suitable derivatives 2. Organic Synthesis (minimum -5 )
(One experiment to be performed from the following in the examination)
I. Acetylation- Acetylation of Salicylic acid using acetyl chloride II. Benzoylation- Benzoylation of phenol/ aniline/ glycine III. Oxidation- Phenanthroquinone from Phenanthrene IV. Sandmeyer Reaction- o-Chlorotoluene from o-Toluidine V. Acetoacetic ester Condensation- Synthesis of ethyl-n-butylacetoacetate VI. Bromination Reaction- to prepare dibromoflurorescein from fluorescein.
VII. Backmann Rearrangement- Acetanilide from acetophenone
VIII. Claisen-Schmidt Condensation- Benzacetophenone/Benzalacetone/
diBenzalacetone from Benzaldehyde
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 17
SEMESTER-I CHEM 616: Core Practical-II
(Inorganic and Physical Chemistry)
M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal) Time-8 hrs Credits 4
1. Qualitative analysis of Inorganic mixture– (minimum -6 )
Qualitative analysis of inorganic mixture containing SIX radicals from the following list: (at
least three from Group B)
Group A - Carbonate, Sulphite, Sulphate, Sulphide, Nitrite, Acetate, Oxalate, Nitrate, Chloride,
I. Determine the specific rate constant for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl
acetate by the Initial Rate Method.
II. Compare the strengths of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid by studying rate of
hydrolysis of methyl acetate.
III. Determine the specific reaction rate constant of the potassium persulphate-iodide
reaction by the Initial Rate Methods.
IV. Study the kinetics of the iodination of acetone in the presence of acid by the Initial
rate Method.
3. Conductometry – (minimum -4 )
I. Determine the equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 18
constant (K a ) of acetic acid and verify Ostwald dilution law.
II. Determine the solubility of sparingly soluble salt and its solubility product.
III. Study the conductometric titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate and
determine the concentration of sodium carbonate in a commercial sample of soda ash. IV. Determine basicity of weak organic acid.
V. Determine the strength of strong and weak acids in a given mixture.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 19
SEMESTER-II CHEM-621: Inorganic chemistry-II
M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Time- 8 hrs Credits= 4
UNIT-I
Metal π – complexes I: Carbonyls, structure and bonding, use of vibrational spectra of metal
carbonyls for bonding and structure elucidation, types of carbonyls, their preparations and
important reactions.
Metal π – complexes II: Preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition
metal nitrosyls, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes.
UNIT-II
Magnetic properties of transition metals: Different types of magnetic behavior, Factors
affecting observed magnetic moments, origin of magnetic moments, spin contribution, spin only
formulas, orbital contribution, spin-spin coupling, ferromagnetism, anti-ferromagnetism,
mechanism of anti-ferromagnetic interaction, spin cross-over, anomalous magnetic moments,
applications of magnetic measurements for structure elucidation.
UNIT-III
Boranes: Preparation and important reactions, electron deficient characters of boranes, structure
and bonding in boranes, concept of multicentric bonding and M.O. Description, Lipscomb
concept of bonding elements, semitopological description of s,t,y and x nomenclature.
Metal Clusters: Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes, Metal carbonyl and halide clusters,
compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds.
UNIT-IV
Sulphur-Nitrogen compounds: Preparation, properties of tetrasulphur tetranitride, Disulphur
dinitride, polythiazyl and other sulphonitrides, sulphur imides.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 20
Phosphorus-Nitrogen compounds: Linear and cyclic polymers, their synthesis and reactions,
structure and bonding Allock’s skeletal π-bonding concept.
UNIT-V Silicones- Preparation, properties and structure of silicones, types of silicones, their industrial and technical importance. Isopoly and heteropoly acids and salts- brief idea
Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley
2. Inorganic Chemistry, J. E. Huhey, Harpes & Row
3. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon
5. Standard Method of Chemical Analysis, F.J. Welcher Vol. Ill, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
6. Environmental Toxicology, Ed. J. Rose, Gordon and Breach Science Publication.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 28
7. Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles, Ed. S. Landsberger and M. Creatchman, Gordon
and Breach Science Publication.
8. Environmental Chemistry, C. Baird, W. H. Freeman. 9. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text, Mike Lancaster, Royal Society of Chemicals,
Cambridge,
10. Green Chemistry: Frontiers in Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processes, Edited by Paul
T. Anastas & Tracy C. Williamson, Oxford University Press.
11. Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes: Edited by Paul T. Anastas, Lauren G. Heine &
Tracy C. Williamson, ACS Symposium Series.
12. Green Chemistry: Environment Friendly Alternatives, Edited by Rashmi Sanghi, M. M.
Srivastava, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
13. Green Chemistry: Microwave Synthesis, K. R. Desai, Himalaya Publishing House.
14. Green Chemistry: A Teaching Resource, Dorothy Warren, Royal Society of Chemicals,
2001.
15. Green Chemistry: Williams, Charlotte.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 29
SEMESTER-II CHEM 625: Core Practical-III
(Inorganic Chemistry)
M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal)
Time 8h Credits 4
A. Water Analysis - (minimum -5)
1. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of water sample.
2. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water sample.
3. Determination of biological oxygen demand BOD of water sample.
4. Determination of Residual Chloride in water sample by Argentometric Method
5. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder
6. Determination of Fluoride (F-) in water sample by
a. Ion Selective Electrode Method
b. Sodium 2-(parasulphophenyl azo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6- Naphthalene Disulphonate
c. (SPADNS) Method
7. Determination of Total hardness of water by EDTA Titrate metric Method.
B. Miscellaneous:
1.Complexometric determination of Copper, Nickel, Iron, Chromium and Barium.
2. Determination of Iodide/ Tin by Potassium Iodate.
3. Separations of Cations and anions by Paper Chromatography.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 30
SEMESTER-II CHEM 626: Core practical-IV
(Organic and Physical Chemistry)
M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal) Time 8h Credits 4 1. Distribution law I. Complex formation between copper sulphate and ammonia II. Equilibrium constant of the reaction between iodine and potassium iodide
2. Conductometry – (minimum -4)
I. Determine the equivalent conductance at infinite dilution for acetic acid by applying
Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions.
II. Determination of velocity constant and order of the reaction for saponification of ethyl acetate
by sodium hydroxide conductometrically.
III. Study the stepwise neutralization of a polybasic acid e.g. oxalic acid, citric acid, succinic
acid by conductometric titration and explain the variation in the plots.
IV. Study the estimation of potassium sulphate solution by conductometric titration. Titrate a
mixture of copper sulphate, acetic acid and sulphuric acid with Sodium hydroxide.
3. Quantitative Analysis (minimum -2)
I. Determination of equivalent weight of an acid by silver salt method
II. Estimation of phenol/ aniline using Bromate-Bromide solution or by acetylation method
III. Estimation of glucose by titration using Fehling’s solution/ Benedict solution
IV. Estimation of carbonyl group by using 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
4. Analysis of oils and fats (minimum -2)
I. Determination of saponification value of oil.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 31
II. Determination of iodine value of oil.
III. Determination of acid value of oil. 5. Chromatography of amino acids and carbohydrates:
I. Separation of components by TLC
II. Separation of components by adsorption paper chromatography
Scherer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, index reflections identification of unit
cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern. Structure of simple lattices and X-ray
intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem.
Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, absolute configuration of molecules,
Ramchandran diagram.
Electron Diffraction: Scattering intensity vs. scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement
technique, elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules. Low energy electron
diffraction and structure of surfaces. Neutron Diffraction: Scattering of neutrons by solids and
liquids, magnetic scattering, measurement techniques. Elucidation of structure of magnetically
ordered unit cell.
UNIT V
Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display.
Application of the technique to the studies of (1) bonding and structures of Fe+2
and Fe+3
compounds including those of intermediate spin, (2) Sn+2
and Sn+4
compounds - nature of M-L
bond, -coordination number, structure (3) detection of oxidation state and equivalent MB atoms.
Books Recommended:
1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Company.
2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E. A. V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and S. Cradock, ELBS 3. Infrared and Raman Spectra: Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, K. Nakamoto, Wiley. 4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry vol., 8, ed., F.A. Cotton, vol., 15, ed. S.J. Lippard, Wiley.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 34
5. Transition Metal Chemistry edi R.L. Carlin vol. 3, Dekker 6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.P.B. Lever, Elsevier.
7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, Ellis Norwood. 8. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin, J.J. Delpeuch and G.J. Martin, Heyden.
9. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill, John Wiley 10. Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, R. J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley. 11. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J. R. Dyer, Prentice Hall.
12. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, D. H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata McGraw-Hill. 13. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Wiley.
14. Applied Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis Ed. H. Windawi and F.L. Ho, Wiley Interscience.
15. NMR, NQR, EPR and Msssbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, Ellis Harwood. 16. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College. 17. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton. 18. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill. 19. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, McGraw Hill. 20. Theory and Applications of UV Spectroscopy, H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, IBH-Oxford. 21. Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy, P. K. Ghosh, John Wiley. 22. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, A Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, Harper & Row.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 35
SEMESTER-III CHEM 632: Bioinorganic, Bioorganic and Biophysical Chemistry
M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Time: 3 Hrs. Credits 4
UNIT I
Metal Ions in Biological Systems
Essential and trace metals. Na/K+ Pump, Role of metals ions in biological processes.
Electron transfer in biology: Structure and functions of electron transfer proteins, Cytochromes
and respiratory chain, iron sulphur proteins rubredoxin and ferridoxins.
Photosynthetic pigments: Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll molecule, Photosystem- I and Photosystem-II.
UNIT II
Transport and Storage of Dioxygen: Heme proteins and oxygen uptake, structure and function
of hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanins and hemerythrin, model synthetic complexes of iron,
cobalt and copper.
UNIT III
Enzyme and Mechanism of Enzyme Action: Introduction of enzymes, enzyme action,
compounds, α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, Michael reaction, Robinson annelation.
Protecting group: Principle of protection of hydroxy, amine and carbonyl groups
UNIT-III
Oxidation: Introduction, different oxidative processes, hydrocarbons (alkenes aromatic rings,
activated and inactivated saturated C - H groups), alcohols, diols aldehydes, ketones, ketals and
carboxylic acids, singlet oxygen, ruthenium tetroxide and Tl (III) nitrate as oxidizing agent, Provost reaction, Wacker’s process Barbier-Wieland degradation
UNIT-IV
Reduction: Introduction, different reductive processes, hydrocarbons (cyclo alkanes, alkenes,
conjugated system, alkynes and aromatic rings), carbonyl compounds, nitro, azo and oxime
compounds, hydrogenolysis, reductions using Wilkinson’s catalyst, Meerwein –Pondrof - Verley
reduction.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 43
UNIT-V
Applications of the following in the organic synthesis: Phase transfer catalysts, polymer
supported reagents, Biocatalysts, microwave and ultrasound induced reactions.
Chemistry of fullerenes: Structure bonding physical and chemical properties, compounds of fullerenes.
Books Recommended:
1. Modern Synthetic Reactions, H.O. House, W.A Benjamin
2. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W. Carruthers, Cambridge Univ. Press.
3. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie Academic &
Professional
4. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A Carey and R.J. Sundberg.
5. The Disconnection Approach- An art of organic synthesis, Suresh Ameta and P. B. Punjabi,
Sadguru Publications, Udaipur.
6. Organic Synthesis-Concept, Methods and Starting Materials, J. Fuhmop and G. Penzillin
7. Guide Book to Organic Synthesis, R.K. Mackie & D.M. Smith, ELBS.
8. Organic Synthesis, V.K. Ahuwalia and Renu Agarwal, Narosa
9. Synthesis, Approaches in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Narosa
10. Advanced Organic Chemistry -Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March, John
Wiley.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 44
SEMESTER III
CHEM 634 B : Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT-I
Nomenclature of heterocycles: Replacement and systematic nomenclature (Hantzsch-Widman
system) for monocyclic, fused and bridged heterocyclic.
Aromatic heterocycles: General Chemical behaviour of aromatic heterocyclic, classification
(structural type), criteria of aromaticity (bond lengths, ring current and chemical shifts in 1H-
NMR spectra. Empirical resonance energy, delocalization energy, Dewar resonance energy and
diamagnetic susceptibility exaltations).
UNIT-II
Small ring heterocycles: Three membered heterocycles with one and two heteroatoms synthetic
methods, physical, spectroscopic and chemical properties of aziridines, oxiranes, Thiiranes,
diaziridines, diazirines, oxaziridines. Four membered heterocyclic compounds synthetic
methods, physical, spectroscopic and chemical properties of azetines, azetidines, oxetanes,
thietanes and their carbonyl derivatives.
UNIT-III
Benzo-fused five membered heterocycles: Synthetic methods, physical and chemical properties
of benzopyrroles, benzofuranes and benzothiophenes.
Six-membered heterocycles: Synthetic methods, physical and chemical properties of pyrilium
salts, pyrones, quinolizinium salts, pyridazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, acridines and
phenanthridines, diazines and triazines
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 45
UNIT-IV Seven and large membered heterocycles: Synthetic methods, physical and chemical properties
of azepines, oxepines, thiepines and diazepins.
UNIT-V
Meso-ionic heterocycles: Synthetic methods, properties of 1,3-oxazolium-4-olates, 1,3-
oxathiolium-4-olates, 1,3-diazolium-4-olates, 1, 2, 3,-oxadiazolium-5-olates and 1, 2- diathiolium-4-olates.
Books Recommended-
1. Heterocyclic Chemistry, R.R Gupta, M. Kumar and V. Gupta, Springer Verlag.
2. The Chemsitry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry, R. K. Bansal, New Age International Publishers.
4. Heterocyclic Chemistry, J.A Joule, K. Mills and G.F. Smith Chapman and Hall
Classification and Nomenclature and general Characteristics of Organometallic Compounds
UNIT-II
Organometallic Compounds of transition metals- Introduction and nature of bonding, α bonded Organometallics, π bonded Organometallics
UNIT-III
Fluxional organometallic compounds: Classification of fluxional organometallic Compounds,
Some simple example of non-rigid molecule in different coordination geometries.
UNIT-IV
Synthetic and catalytic aspects of Organometallic Chemistry: General Introduction, Transition
metal organometallics as catalytic and synthetic reagents
UNIT-V
Biological application and environmental aspect of organometallic compounds: Organometallics in medicine, Organometallics in Industry, Environmental aspects of Organometallic Compounds.
Books Recommended: 1. Principle and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemsitry, J.P. Coliman, L.S Hegsdus,
J.R. Norton and R.G. Finke, University Science Books.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 67
2. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, R.H. Crabtree, John Wiley.
3. Metallo-Organic Chemistry, A.J. Pearson, Wiley
4. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, S.J. Lippard and J.M. Berg, University Science Books
5. Bioinorganic Chemistry, I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, S.J. Lipparad and J.S Valentine, University,
Science Books
6. Inorganic Biochemistry Volume I and II. Ed G.L. Eichhorn, Elsevier
7. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 18 and 38 Ed. J.J. Lipparad, Wiley
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 68
SEMESTER-IV
CHEM 644 A: Inorganic polymers
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT-I
Inorganic polymers: Introduction, Classification, Preparation, General Characteristics of
Inorganic Polymers.
UNIT II
Silicon Polymers: General preparation, properties and application of silazanes, polysilazanes,
organo-siloxy and poly-carbosilanes
UNIT III
Phosphorus nitrogen polymers: Synthesis
polyphosphazenes, Liquid crystalline high
carbophosphazenes, polynitrophosphazenes
and important properties of organometallic
refractive index polyphosphazenes, poly
UNIT IV
Metal chelate polymers and Ferrocenes: Synthetic methods, linking of ligands with metal ions,
Reactions with chelates containing fluxional groups, Synthesis of Ferrocenes containing
polyamides and polyurea polymers
UNIT V
Applications of Phosphorous, Nitrogen, Silicon and Ferrocene as well as other metal chelate
polymers in industry such as advanced elastomers and biomedical materials.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 69
SEMESTER-IV CHEM 643 B: Medicinal Chemistry
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External)
30 marks (Internal) Credits = 4
UNIT I
Drug Design: Development of new drugs, procedures followed in drug design, concepts of lead
compound and lead modification, concepts of prodrugs and soft drugs, structure-activity
1. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, A Gringuage, Wiley-VCH.
2. Wilson and Gisvold's Text Book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ed
Robert F. Dorge.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 71
3. An Introduction to Drug Design, S. S. Pandeya and J. R. Dimmock, New Age International. 4. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-1 (Chapter-9 and Ch-14), Ed. M. E.
Wolff, John Wiley.
5. Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill.
6. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R. B. Silverman, Academic Press.
7. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, John Wiley.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 72
SEMESTER IV
CHEM 644 B: Chemistry of Natural Products
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT-I
Terpenoids and carotenoids: Classification, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general
methods of structure determination, isoprene rule, structure determination, stereochemistry,
biosynthesis and synthesis of the following representative molecules - Citral, Geraniol, α-
Terpineol, Menthol, Farnesol, Zingiberene,Santonin, Phytol, Abietic acid and β-Carotene
UNIT-II
Alkaloids: Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general
methods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring,
role of alkaloids in plants, structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of following -
Ephedrine, (+) - Coniine, Nicotine, Atropine, Quinine and Morphine.
UNIT-III
Plant pigments: Occurrence, nomenclature and general methods of structure determination,
isolation and synthesis of Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Myrcetin, Quercetin-3-glucoside,
Vitexin, Diadzein, Butein, Aureusin, Cyanidin-7, arabinoside, Cyanidin and Hirsutidin.
Biosynthesis of flavonoids: acetate pathway and shikimic acid pathway.
Porphyrins: Structure and synthesis of hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
UNIT-IV
Steroids: Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel’s hydrocarbon and stereochemistry,
isolation, structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol, Bile acids, Androsterone,
Testosterone, Estrone, Progestrone, Aldosterone, biosynthesis of steroids.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 73
UNIT-V
Prostaglandins: Occurrence, nomenclature, classification, biogenesis and physiological effects,
synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α
Pyrethroids and Rotenones: Synthesis and reactions of pyrethrodis and rotenones.
Books Recommended-
1. New Trends in Natural Products Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman and M.I. Choudhary.
2. Chemistry of Natural Products, S.N. Bhat
3. Organic Chemistry Vol.-II, I.L. Finar
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 74
SEMESTER-IV
CHEM 643 C: Advanced Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT-I
Photochemistry: Molecular photochemistry: An overview: Transitions between states
(Chemical, classical and quantum dynamics, vibronic states). Potential energy surfaces;
transitions between potential energy surfaces, The Franck-Condon Principle and radiative
transitions. A classical model of radiative transitions. The absorption and emission of light - state
mixing, spin-orbit coupling and spin forbidden radiative transitions, absorption complexes,
delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence.
UNIT-II
Photophysical radiation less transitions: Wave mechanical interpretation of radiationless
transitions between state factors that influence the rate of vibrational relaxation. Energy transfer:
Theory of radiation less energy transfer, energy transfer by electron exchange: An overlap or
collision mechanism. The role of energetic in energy transfer mechanism. Diffusion controlled
quenching. The Perrin formulation. Triplet- triplet, triplet-singlet, singlet-triplet energy transfer.
Multiphoton energy transfer processes, reversible energy transfer.
UNIT-III
Radiation Chemistry: An overview, G-value. The mechanism of interaction of high energy
radiation with matter, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Pair production, total absorption co-
efficient, excitation and ionization, Stopping power and linear energy transfer.
UNIT-IV
Radiation dosimetry: Radiation dose and its measurement, standard free air chamber method,
chemical dosimeter (Frick’s Dosimeter). Short lived intermediates (ions, excited molecules, free
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 75
radicals: Various mechanisms of their formation and energy transfer processes).
UNIT-V
Flash photolysis: Principle and its applications. Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions. Radiolysis of molecules of biological interest (carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, and nucleic acids).
Books Recommended:
1. Turro, N. J. Modern Molecular Photochemistry Univ. Science Books (1991).
2. Gilbert, A. & Baggot, J. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry Blackwell Scientific (1990)
3. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin’s Physical Chemistry 8th Ed., Oxford University Press
(2006).
4. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 3rd Ed., Univ.
Science Books (2001).
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 76
SEMESTER-IV CHEM 644 C: Solid State Chemistry
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT I
General principles and experimental procedures to study solid state reactions
Difference between reactions in solution, gaseous and solid state phase
UNIT II
Crystal Defects-perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defect, point defects, line
and plane defects, Thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defect formation, color centers.
UNIT III
Electronic Properties and Band Theory of metals, insulators and semiconductors, band theory of
solids (qualitative treatments), band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors, p-n
junctions
UNIT IV
Superconductors, magnetic properties, persistent current and BCS theory of Superconductors,
Optical properties- photoconduction
UNIT V
Magnetic Properties: Classification of materials, Magnetic domains, hysteresius loop.
Electrically conducting organic solids, organic charge transfer complex, new superconductors
Books Recommended:
1. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, A. R. West, Plenum.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 77
2. Principles of the Solid State, H. V. Keer, Wiley Eastern.
3. Solid State Chemistry, N. B. Hannay.
4. Solid State Chemistry, D. K. Chakrabarty, New Age International
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 78
SEMESTER-IV CHEM 643 D : Analytical Techniques
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT- I
Food analysis: Reason for analysis of food, analysis of moisture in food materials, analysis
of ash, crude fibers, fats, proteins and carbohydrates in food. analysis of calcium and
sodium, adult erants and contaminants in food, microscopic examination of food,
extraction, purification and estimation of pesticides samples in food by HPLC, TLC for
chlorinated pesticides in food products, gel chromatic analysis of food products for
orgnophosforos
UNIT-II
Cement: Introduction raw material for cement, Portland cement, weathering of cement and
concrete, other types of cement, chemical admixture of concrete, analysis of constituents of
cement by various methodology
UNIT-III
Analysis of polymers: Introduction, types of polymers and their uses, chemical analysis of
polymers spectroscopic methods for polymer analysis X-ray diffraction analysis,
microscopy, thermal analysis of polymers, physical testing of polymers
UNIT-IV
Electrogravimetric analysis: Principles involving electrogravimetric analysis, current
voltage relationship during electrolysis, effect of experimental variables, anodic deposition,
instrumentations electrolysis at constant current principle and instrumentation, estimation
of copper and cobalt by constant current electrolysis, electrolysis at constant potential,
principle instruments and application determination copper lead and tin in brass sample by
control potential method, electrolysis using mercury electrode principle and applications
UNIT-V Voltametry: Principle and application of voltametric analysis, Amperometric analysis
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 79
Books recommended:
1. Analytical Chemistry by Gurdeep R. Chatwal, Himalaya Publishing House
2. Analytical chemistry, 6th
edition by Gary D. Christian, Wiley student Edition.
3. Analytical Chemistry by S.M. Khopkar, New Age International.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 80
SEMESTER-IV
CHEM 644 D: Applied Analytical Methods
Time: 3 Hrs. M.M. 70 marks (External) 30 marks (Internal)
Credits = 4
UNIT- I
Soil analysis: Introduction, type of soils, analysis of moisture, determination of pH, total
nitrogen, phosphorous, silica, magnesium, manganese, lime, sulphur and salts in soil.
Quantitative estimation
UNIT-II
Analysis of water pollutants: Water pollution, water pollutants, origin and source of water
pollutions effect of water pollutants, Analysis of water, colour turbidity, TDS, total solids,
conductivity, acidity/ alkalinity and hardness, Chloride, sulphate and fluoride in water, analysis
of silica phosphate and heavy metals pollutants in water. Determination of DO, BOD, COD
Separation and estimation of herbicides as water pollutants, water quality standards, drinking
water standards
UNIT-III
Fuel analysis
Fuels types and classifications, solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, producer gas, natural gas,
calorific value of fuel, analysis of coal, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, grading of coal,
aniline point, flash point and free point, octane number and its significance
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 81
UNIT-IV
Clinical analysis: Composition of blood, collection and preservation of samples immunoassay principal of
radioimmunoassay (RIA) and its applications serum electrolytes, test for carbohydrates, blood
introduction, material and methods, results and discussion,
conclusion, references and bibliography, citation. Ethics in
writing, Plagiarism, plagiarism checker on line.
Publishing work: selection of journal, impact factors, h-
index, following author guidelines, on line submission,
proof reading of a manuscript, understanding the symbols,
reviewing of a manuscript, making corrections and
answering reviewers query, galey proof reading
Assignments:
1. Write a short communication on the given selected
practical exercise in given selected journal.
2. Peer review the article written by your class mates
wit proof reading
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 93
Symbols and on line review tool.
Skill learned: writing for scientific community and
research journals.
Unit V Start Writing (Part III) Writing research grant proposal, Book review, write up
mini profiles of prominent scientists, letters to editor,
opinion writing, interview of a scientist, career in scientific
writing
Assignments:
1. Frame questions for interview of a well known
scientist /or on campus scientists.
2. Make a small research grant proposal
3. Write a mini profile of a prominent scientist.
Skill learned writing research grant, mini profile
and drafting interview.
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 94
Skill Enhancement Course -II
CHEM-647 A: Green methods in chemistry Tools of Green chemistry, twelve principles of Green chemistry, with examples. The following Real world Cases in Green Chemistry should be discussed:
1. A green synthesis of ibuprofen which creates less waste and fewer byproducts (Atom economy)
2. Surfactants for Carbon Dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents with
CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments. 3. Environmentally safe antifoulant
4. CO2 as an environmentally friendly blowing agent for the polystyrene foam sheet packaging
market. 5. Using a catalyst to improve the delignifying (bleaching) activity of hydrogen peroxide.
6. A new generation of environmentally advanced preservative: getting the chromium and arsenic out of pressure treated wood. 7. Rightfit pigment: synthetic azopigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic pigments. 8. Development of a fully recyclable carpet: cradle to cradle carpeting. List of experiments (minimum 10) 1. Preparation of acetanilide
2. Synthesis of dibenzalpropanone
3. Bromination of trans-stilbene
4. Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleic acid
5. Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement
6. Thiamine hydrochloride catalyzed synthesis of benzoin
7. Clay catalyzed solid state synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 95
8. Nitration of phenol
9. Bromination of acetanilide
10. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol
11. Preparation of benzopinacolone
12. Rearrangement of diazoaminobenzene to p-aminoazobenzene
4. Mishra A. (2005) Environmental Studies. Selective and Scientific Books, New
5. Green chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, Suresh C. Ameta and Rakshit Ameta, Apple
Academic Press
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 96
CHEM-647 B : Basic Analytical Chemistry Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature. Concepts of
sampling. Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical measurements.
Presentation of experimental data and results, from the point of view of significant figures.
List of experiments (minimum 10):
Analysis of soil: Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement, Complexometric
titration, Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators.
a. Determination of pH of soil samples.
b. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric
titration.
Analysis of water: Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating water, water
sampling methods, water purification methods.
a. Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample.
b. Determination of dissolved oygen (DO) of a water sample.
Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food preservation and adulteration.
a. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafetida, chilli
powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc.
b. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.
Chromatography: Definition, general introduction on principles of chromatography, paper chromatography, TLC etc.
a. Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion( Fe+3
and Al+3
)
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 97
b. To compare paint samples by TLC method.
Ion exchange: Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc.
Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion/cation resin (using batch procedure if use of
column is not feasible)
Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function
a. Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
b. Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide, Zinc
oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.
Suggested Applications (Any one):
a. To study the use of phenolphthalein in trap cases.
b. To analyze arson accelerants
c. To carry out analysis of gasoline.
Suggested Instrumental demonstrations:
a. Estimation of macro nutrients: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium in soil samples by flame
photometry.
b. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin/Dietary Tablets
c. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in soft
Drink.
References:
1. Willard, H.H. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, CBS publishers. 2. Skoog & Leery. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Sanders College publications, New York.
Saunders College Publishing, Fort worth (1992). 4. Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemicals Analysis, W.H. Freeman. 5. Dean, J.A. Analytical Chemistry, Notebook, McGraw Hill 6. Day, R. A. & Underwood, A.L. Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
7. Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry 2nd
Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., N.Y. USA (1982). 8. Cooper, T.G. The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. USA. 16 (19770.
antibacterial and antifungal agents (sulphonamide; sulphanethoxazol, sulphacetamide,
trimethoprin); antiviral agent (acyclovir), central nervous system agent (Phenobarbital,
diazepam), cardiovascular (glyceryl trinitrate), antilaprosy (Dapsone), HIV-AIDS related drugs
(AZT-Zidovudine).
Fermentation
Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Production of (i) Ethyl alcohol and citric acid, (ii)
antibiotics; penicillin, Cephalosporin, chloromycetin and streptomycin, (iii) Lysin, Glutamic
acid, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C.
List of experiments (minimum 2 from each group I/II/III/IV, maximum 10):
I. To carry out the identification tests with the following pharamaceutical aids: 1. Ammounium Chloride (expectorant diuretic) 2. Boric acid (anti-infective) 3. Calamine (mild astringent) 4. Magnesium Sulfate (Cathartic) 5. Zinc Oxide (astringent soothing)
Bhupal Nobles’ University, Udaipur
M. Sc. Chemistry Page 100
6. Potassium Permanganate (protective) 7. Iodine II. To carry out the quantitative analysis of following agents- (assay) (as per I.P.)