BHS ingg bronkitis

8/19/2019 BHS ingg bronkitis

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BronchitisNama : Uray Dearika Putri

Hendry

Nim: 03011291


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Defnition Bronchitis is an infammation o the lining o your bronchial tubes,

which carry air to and rom your lungs. Bronchitis may be either acute

or chronic.

Oten developing rom a cold or other respiratory inection, acute

bronchitis is very common. Chronic bronchitis, a more serious

condition, is a constant irritation or infammation o the lining o the

bronchial tubes, oten due to smoking.

Acute bronchitis usually improves within a ew days without lasting

eects, although you may continue to cough or weeks. owever, i

you have repeated bouts o bronchitis, you may have chronic

bronchitis, which re!uires medical attention. Chronic bronchitis is one

o the conditions included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Etiology&espiratory viruses are the most common causes o acute bronchitis, and cigarette

smoking is indisputably the predominant cause o chronic bronchitis.

Viral and becterial inections in acute bronchitis

'he most common viruses include infuen(a A and B, parainfuen(a, respiratory

syncytial virus, and coronavirus, although an etiologic agent is identi)ed only in a

minority o cases.

Acute bronchitis is usually caused by inections, such as those caused by Mycoplasma

species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis,

and Haemophilus infuenzae, and by viruses, such as infuen(a, parainfuen(a,

adenovirus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. *+posure to irritants, such as

pollution, chemicals, and tobacco smoke, may also cause acute bronchial irritation.Bordetella pertussis should be considered in children who are incompletely vaccinated,

though studies increasingly report this bacterium as the causative agent in adults as

well.


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Epidemiologin one study, acute bronchitis aected -- o /// adults annually, and 012 o

episodes occurred in all or winter.345 By way o comparison, 6 million cases o

infuen(a, 77 million cases o the common cold, and 8 million cases o other

acute upper respiratory tract inections occurred that year.Acute bronchitis is common throughout the world and is one o the top 9 reasons

or seeking medical care in countries that collect such data. :o dierence in racial

distribution is reported, though bronchitis occurs more re!uently in populations

with a low socioeconomic status and in people who live in urban and highly

industriali(ed areas.

n terms o gender;speci)c incidence, bronchitis aects males more than emales.

n the


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Pathology

Bronchitis occurs when there is swelling o the lining othe large airways called bronchi within the lungs. 'his

swelling due to infammation, irritation and inectionleads to more mucus ormation than normal. 'hisblocks the airfow through the lungs and may damagethe lung eventually.


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Causes Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses,

typically the same viruses that cause colds and

infuen(a. Antibiotics don>t kill viruses, so thistype o medication isn>t useul in most cases obronchitis.

'he most common cause o chronic bronchitis issmoking cigarettes. Air pollution and dust or

to+ic gases in the environment or workplacealso can contribute to the condition


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Symptoms?or either acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis, signsand symptoms may include@

Cough #roduction o mucus "sputum%, which can be clear,

white, yellowish;gray or green in color

?atigue

=light ever and chills

Chest discomort


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Diagnosis $uring the )rst ew days o illness, it can be dicult to distinguish the signs and

symptoms o bronchitis rom those o a common cold. $uring the physical e+am,

your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen closely to your lungs as you breathe.

In some cases, your doctor may suggest:

Chest Xray! A chest ;ray can help determine i you have pneumonia or another

condition that may e+plain your cough.

Sputum culture! 'his test checks or the presence o bacteria in sputum produced

when you cough. t>s helpul in determining whether you have whooping cough

"pertussis% or other illnesses that would be helped by antibiotics.

Pulmonary unction test! $uring a pulmonary unction test, you blow into adevice called a spirometer, which measures how much air your lungs can hold and

how !uickly you can get air out o your lungs. 'his test checks or signs o asthma

or emphysema.


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"reatmentAntibiotics. Bronchitis usually results rom a viralinection, so antibiotics aren>t eective. you have achronic lung disorder or i you smoke, may alsoprescribe antibiotics to reduce your risk o a serious,secondary inection.

Cough medicine. t>s best not to suppress a cough thatbrings up mucus, because coughing helps removeirritants rom your lungs and air passages. Over;the;

counter cough medicine may help i your cough keepsyou rom sleeping.

Other medications. you have asthma or chronicobstructive pulmonary disease "CO#$%,


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"herapy

you have chronic bronchitis, you maybene)t rom pulmonary rehabilitation a

breathing e+ercise program in which arespiratory therapist teaches you how tobreathe more easily and increase yourability to e+ercise.


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BHS ingg bronkitis

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