BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED - … · · 2015-05-12This report is prepared for M/s BPCL and it is for use by M/s BPCL ... BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED ... 2.4.6

TOR TO EC

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PROPOSED DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT

(DHT) PROJECT FOR PRODUCTION OF BS-IV HSD AT

BPCL-MUMBAI REFINERY, MAHARASHTRA

BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

REPORT NO. A633-1741-EI-1201

APRIL 2015

This report is prepared for M/s BPCL and it is for use by M/s BPCL or their assigned representatives / organizations only.

The matter contained in the report is confidential.

0 24.04.2015 ISSUED FOR SUBMISSION TO MOEFCC DD SM VS/RSP

Rev. No Date Purpose Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

Template No. 5-0000-0001-T1 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

EIA Study for installation of DHT project and associated facilities for production of

BS-IV HSD at BPCL-Mumbai Refinery

Document No. A633-1741-EI-1201

Rev. No. 0 Page i of 203

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PROPOSED DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT (DHT) PROJECT FOR PRODUCTION OF BS-IV HSD

AT

BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED MUMBAI REFINERY, MAHARASHTRA


ii


Rev. No. 0 Page ii of 203

EIA Study for installation of DHT project and associated facilities for production of BS-IV

HSD at BPCL-Mumbai Refinery

CONTENTS SL.NO CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………….…………...............(I – XXX)

CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT 3 1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT 4 1.2.1 ADDRESS OF PROJECT PROPONENT 4 1.2.2 PARTICULARS OF EIA CONSULTANT 4 1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 4 1.3.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 4 1.3.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT 5 1.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 5 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 1.6 METHODOLOGY 7 1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 7 1.8 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT 7 1.9 MOEF APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 9 CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 INTRODUCTION 21 2.1 EXISTING FACILITIES AT BPCL MUMBAI REFINERY 21 2.1.1 DETAILS OF THE PRODUCTS 28 2.1.2 STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 28 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 29 2.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 29 2.2.1.1 STACK DETAILS AND AIR EMISSIONS 29 2.2.1.2 REFINERY SULPHUR BALANCE 31 2.3 ENVIRONMENT MITIGATION MEASURES 32 2.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT 34 2.3.1.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT 34 2.3.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECOVERY 41 2.3.3 GENERAL 41 2.3.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES ADOPTED AT BPCL

MUMBAI REFINERY 42

2.3.4.1 NOISE POLLUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 42 2.4 PROCESS DESCRIRPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT 43 2.4.1 DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT 43 2.4.2 AMINE REGENERATION UNIT 44 2.4.3 REVAMP OF HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT (HRU-II) 44 2.4.4 SOUR WATER STRIPPER REVAMP 44 2.4.5 SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT (SRU) REVAMP 44 2.4.6 NEW GAS TURBINE 45 2.4.7 UTILITIES NETWORK 45 2.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED IN DIESEL HYDROTREATING

PROCESS 48

2.5.1 REACTIONS 48 2.5.1.1 DESULFURIZATION REACTIONS 48



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2.5.1.2 DENITROGENATION REACTIONS 48 2.5.1.3 OLEFINS HYDROGENATION REACTIONS 48 2.5.1.4 AROMATIC HYDROGENATION REACTIONS 48 2.5.1.5 HYDROCRACKING REACTIONS 50 2.5.2 UNIT CAPACITIES 50 2.5.3 PRODUCT YIELD 51 2.5.4 STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 52 2.5.5 REFINERY SULPHUR BALANCE 53 2.6 ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT 54 2.6.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 54 2.6.1.1 STACK DETAILS AND AIR EMISSIONS 54 2.6.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT 54 2.6.3 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 56 2.6.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECOVERY 56 CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 58 3.2 MICRO – METEOROLOGY 58 3.2.1 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION 58 3.2.2 TEMPERATURE 58 3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 60 3.3.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 60 3.3.2 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) 61 3.3.3 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) 62 3.3.4 SULPHUR DIOXIDE 62 3.3.5 OXIDES OF NITROGEN 62 3.3.6 CARBON MONOXIDE 63 3.3.7 METHANE HYDROCARBONS 63 3.3.8 NON METHANE HYDROCARBONS 64 3.3.9 BENZENE 64 3.3.10 BENZO PYRENE 64 3.3.11 OZONE 64 3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 71 3.4.1 BASELINE STATUS 71 3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 89 3.6 TRAFFIC SURVEY 95 3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT 118 3.7.1 OBJECTIVES 118 3.7.2 LAND USE PATTERN THROUGH INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE

IMAGERY 118

3.7.3 LAND USE/ LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 118 3.8 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 125 3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 130 3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 139 CHAPTER – 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 INTRODUCTION 144 4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 144 4.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 144 4.1.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE 144 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS BEARING IMPACTS 144 4.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 144 4.2.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 144 4.2.1.2 OPERATION PHASE 145 4.2.1.3 AIR POLLUTION MODELLING 145 4.2.1.4 ISCST3 MODEL 146 4.2.1.5 IMPACTS ON AMBIENT AIR DUE TO RELEASE OF SO2 147 4.2.1.6 IMPACTS DUE TO RELEASES OF NOX 151



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4.2.1.7 MITIGATION MEASURES 155 4.2.2. WATER ENVIRONMENT 155 4.2.2.1 WATER QUALITY IMPACT-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 155 4.2.2.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT-OPERATIONAL PHASE 156 4.2.2.3 WASTEWATER GENERATION 156 4.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 156 4.2.3.1 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 156 4.2.3.2 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT-OPERATIONAL PHASE 157 4.2.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 158 4.2.4.1 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT- CONSTRUCTION PHASE 158 4.2.4.1.1 EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION 158 4.2.4.1.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 158 4.2.4.1.3 HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT 158 4.2.4.1.4 BASIC FACILITIES/AMENITIES 159 4.2.4.1.5 INFRASTRUCTURE 159 4.2.4.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT-OPERATION PHASE 159 4.2.4.2.1 EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION 159 4.2.4.2.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 159 4.2.4.2.3 HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT 160 4.2.4.2.4 BASIC FACILITIES/AMENITIES 160 4.2.4.2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE 160 4.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 160 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION 160 CHAPTER – 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5.0 INTRODUCTION 165 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE 165 5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 166 5.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 166 5.4 OPERATION PHASE 168 5.4.1 MONITORING OF POLLUTANTS 168 5.4.1.1 WORK ZONE NOISE LEVELS 168 5.4.1.2 STACK GAS MONITORING 168 5.4.1.3 EFFLUENT MONITORING FOR ETP 169 5.4.2 METEROLOGY 169 5.4.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 169 5.4.4 WASTEWATER FROM PROJECT SITE 170 5.4.5 AMBIENT NOISE 170 5.4.6 GROUND WATER MONITORING 170 5.4.7 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING 170 5.4.8 SOILD/HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL 170 5.4.9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT 170 5.4.10 SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 170 5.5 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

MEASURES 172

5.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MOEF 172 CHAPTER – 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 174 6.1.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AT EXISTING REFINERY 174 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE 175 6.2.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 175 6.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 176 6.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 177 6.2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 177 6.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 177 6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 178 6.3.1 AIR QUALITY 180



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6.3.2 NOISE QUALITY 180 6.3.3 WATER QUALITY 180 6.3.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC 180 6.3.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 180 6.4 OPERATION PHASE 182 6.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 183 6.4.1.1 IN PLANT CONTROL MEASURES 183 6.4.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 183 6.4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT 183 6.4.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 183 6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 184 6.5.1 HEALTH 184 6.6 ENVIRONMENT CELL 186 6.7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) 187 CHAPTER – 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 192 7.1 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (ERDMP) 192 7.2 OIL SPILL MANAGEMENT PLAN 195 7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT 196 CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 PROJECT BENEFIT 198 CHAPTER – 9 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 9.0 INTRODUCTION 201



Rev. No. 0 Page vi of 205



LIST OF TABLES

SR. NO.

TABLE NO. TABLE TITLE PAGE NO.

1. 1.1 Compliance of TOR comments from MoEF 09

2. 2.1 Existing units/ facilities at BPCL Mumbai Refinery

25

3. 2.2 Product Yield of Existing Refinery 28 4. 2.3 Raw Material Storage Facilities 28 5. 2.4 Product Storage Facilities 29 6. 2.5 Stack-wise emission details of Refinery (Post CCR &

CDU-4, ISOM project) 29

7. 2.6 Sulphur Balance of Existing Refinery 31 8. 2.7 Typical influent quality to the ETP 40 9. 2.8 Treated effluent quality for existing ETP (2013-14) 40 10. 2.9 Solid waste details of Existing Refinery 41 11. 2.10 Noise level monitored for November 2014 43 12. 2.11 Unit capacities under proposed DHT project 51 13. 2.12 Details of catalyst for proposed DHT project 51 14. 2.13 Product yield of refinery (Post DHT scenario) 51 15. 2.14 Storage details of Refinery (Post-DHT scenario) 52 16. 2.15 Sulphur balance for post DHT scenario 53 17. 2.16 Details of stack emissions (SO2 & NOX) for proposed

DHT project 54

18. 2.17 Soild waste details of DHT project 56 19. 3.1 Locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 60 20. 3.2 Methods of Monitoring Ambient Air Quality 60 21. 3.3 Ambient Air Quality for PM10 at Various Monitoring

Stations 61

22. 3.4 Ambient Air Quality for PM2.5 at Various Monitoring Stations

62

23. 3.5 Ambient Air Quality for SO2 at Various Monitoring Stations

62

24. 3.6 Ambient Air Quality for NOX at Various Monitoring Stations

63

25. 3.7 Ambient Air Quality for CO at Various Monitoring Stations 63 26. 3.8 Ambient Air Quality for MHC at Various Monitoring

Stations 63

27. 3.9 Ambient Air Quality for Benzene at Various Monitoring Stations

64

28. 3.10 Ambient Air Quality for Ozone at Various Monitoring Stations

64

29. 3.11 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 65 30. 3.12 Collected Ambient Air Quality data at 5 locations 67 31. 3.13 Water Quality Sampling Location of the Study Area 71 32. 3.14 Methodology for Water Analysis 72 33. 3.15 Water Quality of Collected Samples 73 34. 3.16 Summary of data collected for water environment: 88 35. 3.17 Description of Noise Monitoring Locations and measured

values 89

36. 3.18 Noise data monitored in the study area 90 37. 3.19 Traffic data for study area 95 38. 3.20 Land Use/Land Cover Classification System 118 39. 3.21 Soil data collected in study area 125 40. 3.22 Habitat wise distribution of plants in the study area 131 41. 3.23 List of plants in the study area 131



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42. 3.24 Dominant plant families of the study area 134 43. 3.25 Mangrove and their associate species of the study area 136 44. 3.26 List avifauna recorded in the study area 137 45. 3.27 Family-wise distribution of avifauna in the study area 138 46. 3.28 List of butterflies in the study area 138 47. 3.29 Population and Literacy Data of Study Area 140 48. 3.30 Basic Amenities of Each Section in the Study Area 140 49. 4.1 Stack emission details of SO2 for post ISOM scenario 148 50. 4.2 Stack Emissions details for SO2 for proposed DHT

project 148

51. 4.3 Predicted values of GLC for SO2 149 52. 4.4 Stack Emissions details for NO2 for post ISOM project 151 53. 4.5 Stack emission details for proposed DHT project 151 54. 4.6 Predicted values of GLC for NOx 152 55. 4.7 Typical Noise levels of some construction equipment 157 56. 4.8 Typical Noise levels of various equipments 157 57. 4.9 Summary of Potential Impacts & Mitigating Measures of

the Proposed DHT project at Mumbai Refinery 162

58. 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Program – Construction Phase (1 year)

167

59. 5.2 Noise Level to be monitored 168 60. 5.3 Stack monitoring 168 61. 5.4 Monitoring of effluent inlet & outlet of ETP 169 62. 5.5 Ambient air to be monitored 169 63. 5.6 Budgetary provision for environmental protection

measures 171

64. 6.1 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

178

65. 6.2 Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan for installation of DHT and associated facilities for production of BS-IV HSD at BPCL, Mumbai refinery during construction phase

181

LIST OF FIGURES

SR. NO. FIGURE NO.

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

1. Figure 1.1 Location Map of BPCL-Mumbai Refinery and Major Industries in 10 km radius area

06

2. Figure 2.1 Block Flow Diagram of Existing Refinery 27 3. Figure 2.2 Sulphur Balance of Existing Refinery 31 4. Figure 2.3 Water Balance Diagram for existing refinery (Pre-

CCR case) 35

5. Figure 2.4 Process Flow Diagram for existing WWTP 39 6. Figure 2.5 Block flow diagram of DHT unit 47 7. Figure 2.6 Sulphur Balance of Refinery- Post DHT Scenario 53 8. Figure 2.7 Water Balance Diagram for BPCL - Mumbai

Refinery- Post DHT Project Senario 55

9. Figure 3.1 Wind rose diagram 59 10. Figure 3.2 Land use/ Land cover Map around 5 km radius of

plant site 119

11. Figure 3.3 Land use/ Land cover Map around 10 km radius of plant site

120

12. Figure 3.4 Geomorphology Map around 5 km radius of plant site

121

13. Figure 3.5 Geomorphology Map around 10 km radius of plant site

122



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14. Figure 3.6 Ground water Prospect Map around 5 km radius of

plant site 123

15. Figure 3.7 Ground water Potential Map around 10 km radius of plant site

124

16. Figure 4.1 Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of SO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in Post-ISOM project scenario (CASE-1)

150

17. Figure 4.2 Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of NO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in Post-ISOM project scenario (CASE-1)

153

18. Figure 4.3 Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of NO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in proposed DHT scenario (CASE-2)

154

19. Figure 5.1 Energy & Environment Group Organogram of BPCL

166

20. Figure 6.1 QEHS policy of BPCL 179 21. Figure 9.1 Minutes of Meeting showing EIL as EIA Consultant

Organization accredited by NABET-QCI 202

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure No. Annexure Title

I. Ambient air and water quality monitoring data for April 2014- March 2015.

II. EC compliance status reports for past projects III. Consent letters issued by Maharashtra State Pollution Control

Board (MPCB) IV. PFD’s along with mass balance and energy balance V. Overall Layout drawing of the BPCL-Mumbai Refinery showing

units for proposed DHT project VI. Rapid Risk analysis report VII. Compliance to Generic TOR VIII. Certificate from APMC

LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix No. Appendix Title

I. Photographs of proposed and existing plant site II Google Map Earth of project site III Toposheet of study area IV Report by baseline data collection agency


I Document No.

A633-1741-EI-1201 Rev. No. 0

Page I of XXX

EIA STUDY FOR DEBOTTLENECKING OF REFINERY FACILITIES OF M/S BHARAT

OMAN REFINERIES LIMITED



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



Rev. No. 0 Page II of XXX



1.0 Executive Summary

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief:

1. Project Description 2. Description of Environment 3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures 4. Environmental Monitoring Programme 5. Environment Management Plan 6. Additional studies 7. Project Benefits

1.1 Project Description

Introduction M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) is one of the three major integrated Petroleum refining and marketing companies in India. BPCL’s Mumbai Refinery (MR) is situated in Mahul, Mumbai in an area of 454 acres. The refinery was commissioned in 1955 and presently has an installed capacity of 12 MMTPA. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. is committed to energy conservation and abatement of pollution and is accreditated with ISO50001 for energy management since January, 2014. Various modernisation and up-gradation projects have been carried out over the years to improve the processing capability and for optimizing the yield pattern to meet the demand / requirements of petroleum products of the country. The major activity carried out at Bharat Petroleum Refinery is refining of Crude oil & it’s separation into various fractions / constituents viz. Gas, LPG, Motor Spirit, Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Low Sulphur Heavy Stock, Bitumen, etc. Various unit operations / processes are employed for achieving the same. The main products of the refinery are LPG, Naphtha, C3, Lube Oil Blending Stock (LOBS), Motor Spirit, Kerosene, Jet Fuel, HSD Oil, LSHS, Mineral Turpentine, Bitumen, Benzene and Toluene. BPCL-MR has commissioned Continuous Catalyst Regeneration Reformer (CCR) to produce BS-III/IV MS. BPCL-MR is also implementing CDU-4 Project (new integrated CDU/ VDU) and Naphtha Isomerization (ISOM) project to produce total BS-IV MS and meeting 2017 Auto Fuels (AF) mandate for MS. However, BPCL-MR would not be able to meet total BS-IV HSD stipulations.



Rev. No. 0 Page III of XXX



Proposed DHT Project In order to meet the government mandate of producing 100% BS-IV HSD w.e.f. 1st April 2017, it is essential to install Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHT) of 2.6 MMTPA capacity at BPCL-MR. Impurities such as sulphur, nitrogen and trace metals will be removed from the feed stocks by reaction with hydrogen at high pressure and high temperature to meet the BS-IV/V specification for HSD. Installation of a DHT is necessary for meeting the proposed specifications of 100% BS-IV HSD for the entire country. DHT would also facilitate MR in meeting proposed BS- V Auto Fuel mandates w.e.f. 1st April 2020. In the absence of DHT Unit, under the present conditions, BPCL-MR is capable of producing only 3.5 MMTPA of BS-IV HSD and the balance HSD to the extent of 2.4 MMTPA will be of BS-III quality. The above situation would entail exports of 2.4 MMTPA BS-III HSD and simultaneous imports of equivalent quantity of BS-IV HSD to meet the requirements. The combined handling of 4.8 MMTPA of HSD will also require hiring of huge infrastructure facilities. The proposed project for Installation of Diesel Hydro-Treator and associated facilities is expected to be mechanically completed in approximately 27 months. The preliminary cost estimate of the proposed project is Rs. 2368 Crores. M/s BPCL has entrusted M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) to carry out Environment Impact Assessment study and preparation of Environmental Management Plan for various environmental components of the proposed project. EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India in petroleum refining industry. TOR was approved by MOEFCC in 34th EAC meeting held during 17-19th February 2015. EIL has prepared the EIA study as per approved TOR and MoEF notification dated September 14, 2006.

1.1.1 CONFIGURATION OF PROPOSED DHT PROJECT

DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT DHT unit will comprise of Feed stock conditioning section, Reaction Section including Amine absorber, Product separation section, Fuel gas and Naphtha treatment section.



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The diesel feedstock, including straight-run Light Gas Oil, Heavy Gas Oil, vacuum diesel Kerosene and Naphtha streams from the Crude Distillation Units and Light Cycle oil streams from the Catalytic Cracking units are mixed and filtered to remove insoluble impurities. After removal of free water combined feed stocks will be processed in Reaction Section. The Diesel Hydrotreating Unit reduces the levels of sulfur, Nitrogen and other contaminants in diesel fuel products to meet regulatory specifications. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in Hydrogen Rich gas is removed in an amine absorber downstream of the separator. The H2S-rich amine from the contactor is regenerated before being returned to the recycle gas scrubber as lean amine. Liquid effluent from the separator is routed to a Product Stripper where distillates and unstabilized naphtha are separated. Unstabilized sour naphtha is routed to Naphtha Treatment plant to remove H2S and then routed to other units of the refinery to separate Fuel Gas (FG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Light Naphtha (LN) and Heavy Naphtha (HN). The Diesel product from stripper bottom is sent to storage for blending.

AMINE REGENERATION UNIT

The function of Amine Regeneration units is to remove the acid gases (H2S and CO2) from the rich amine streams produced in the refinery processing units. Rich amine from HP amine absorber, FG Amine Absorber and Naphtha Treatment Plant (NTP) is received in a flash column. Rich amine is allowed to flash in the column to drive off hydrocarbons. Some H2S also gets liberated. The liberated H2S is again absorbed by a slip stream of lean amine solution making counter current contact with liberated gases over a packed bed.

REVAMP OF HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT-II (HRU-II) Hydrogen Plant revamp for 30 % (approx.) increase in Hydrogen production is done by utilizing heat available in the process gas at Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) outlet for steam reforming in a heat exchanger type of reactor. In a parallel combination with SMR, 20 - 30 % of the feed is split and taken to heat exchanger type of reactor. A proportion of heat is utilised in the process side which reduces the steam production from the plant. The major advantage of this revamp scheme is increase in hydrogen production without any increase of Fuel / Utility consumption.



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SOUR WATER STRIPPER REVAMP Sour water from DHT unit will be treated in existing two stage SWS Unit after revamp of the same. H2S is stripped off from sour water in first stage column and NH3 is stripped off in second stage column. Both the columns are provided with steam reboiler. H2S is sent to SRU for Sulphur recovery and NH3 is sent to incinerator stack. The stripped water from two stage stripper is sent separately to DHT.

SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT (SRU) REVAMP To recover sulphur from sour gas generated from DHT unit, revamp of existing SRU units will be done using oxygen enrichment technology for SRU. Oxygen enrichment technology is used in refinery to enhance the capacity of Claus sulphur recovery units. High temperature of main combustion chamber helps in direct decomposition of H2S to sulphur and improves overall sulphur recovery. Further BPCL-MR is implementing tail gas treating unit (TGTU) at the downstream of SRU to increase the recovery of sulphur from 99% to 99.9%. NEW GAS TURBINE (GT) Heavy duty gas turbine generator (GTG) is used in industries for power generation purpose. GTG set consist of mainly two sections- turbine and compressor sections and generator section. GT operates in Brayton cycle whereas the heat energy of hot flue gases is converted into mechanical energy across turbine. The exhaust flue gases coming out of the turbine carry a lot of heat and worth recovering. Hence it is guided through a boiler where steam is produced by heating DM water. Since steam is produced by recovering the heat from exhaust gases, the boiler is called heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Process unit capacities under DHT project is given in Table 1. Requirement of utilities viz. cooling water, raw water, nitrogen, instrument air, plant air, DM water, Boiler feed water, condensate system etc. shall be met using existing systems. Additional steam requirement will be met partly from new HRSG and partly from existing steam generation system.



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Table 1: Unit capacities under proposed DHT project

Unit Description Existing capacity Proposed Capacity Diesel Hydrotreater Unit New Unit 2.6 MMTPA Revamp of HGU-II 149 MT/D 194 MT/D Revamp of DHDS SWS Unit** 515 MT/D 650 MT/D Revamp of RMP SWS Unit** 600 MT/D 735 MT/D New Amine Regeneration Unit** New Unit 2400 MT/D Revamp of SRU Trains** 250 MT/D 335 MT/D New Gas Turbine (GT) New Unit 34 MW

Product pattern in Post-DHT scenario is given in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Product Yield* of Refinery (Post-DHT scenario):

Products TPD

Propylene (Chemical Grade) 255 Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1310

Food Grade Hexane 117 Toluene 22

Benzene 120

SBP 30 Combined Naphtha 900 Reliance Naphtha 540

Euro IV MS-with 750 VLI 1934

Euro IV MS-with 950 VLI 4972 LABFS 151

Rturn Kero 0

MTO 300

ATF 2160 E-III Diesel 0

Euro IV Diesel 14304 Navy Grade Diesel 360

LDO 150 LOBS 100 81 LOBS 150 81 LOBS 500 510.3 LOBS 65 67

LOBS 250 16.2 FO-180 Cst 900 FO-380 Cst 3113

Bitumen-VG10 201



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Bitumen-VG 30 1800 Refinery Fuel 2205

CCU Coke 98.4 FCC Coke 58

Elemental Sulphur 164.9

*The above is a typical production pattern of the finished product. This will vary based on Govt. directive, petroleum product demand in country, crude mix availability and processing requirements.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

Environmental baseline data has been collected around BPCL- Mumbai Refinery site during the period of January- April, 2013 by M/s Netel (INDIA) Ltd, Thane, Mumbai which is MoEF approved environmental laboratory. The baseline data for various environmental components related Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Level, Traffic Density, Soil, Meteorology and Socio-Economic Data were monitored and collected in an area of 10 km radius from the plant site. Also latest ambient air and water quality have been monitored during April, 2014 – March, 2015 inside the refinery and included in this EIA report.

1.2.1 METEOROLOGY

To record the prevailing meteorological conditions at the site, a meteorological observatory was set up at a height 10m above the ground level at the BPCL project site. The micro-meteorological parameters of interest in the context of Impact Assessment are wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, ambient temperature and rainfall. During the study period the predominant wind directions were observed from North West to South East. The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period was 17 °C and 37 °C respectively.

1.2.2 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

In order to obtain baseline air quality status, total Five (05) nos. air quality monitoring stations were set up in and around 10 km radius area of BPCL- Mumbai Refinery. The locations were identified considering the location of human settlements and predominant wind directions in the area. Air samples were collected round the clock and analyzed for Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Ozone (O3) and Total Hydrocarbons (Methane & Non-methane), VOCs [Benzene and Benzo (O) Pyrine (B-a-P)]. Location wise highest 98 percentile values for collected parameters are given in below Table- 3.



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Table 3: Summary of Air Monitoring Data

Sl. no. Name of

Location

Distance from

Refinery (km)

Direction form

Refinery

PM10

µg/m3

PM2.5

µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3

NO2

µg/m3 CO

mg/m3 NMHC µg/m3

MHC µg/m3

O3 µg/m3

C6H6 µg/m3

B-(a)-P µg/m3

1 Estates office at BPCL Colony

2.5 NNE

63.4 22.8 13.80

20.8 0.98 <100 591 11.6 2.7 <0.5

2 Mysore Colony

0.9 North 74.9 26.3 13.9 21.5 1.16 <100 790.

1 11.1 2.6 <0.5

3 Gawangaon 0.6 SE

60.7 23.2 13.7 21.8 1.12 <100 778.9

10.4 2.6 <0.5

4 Bhakti Park 3.0 NW

74.3 25.7 11.3 17.8 1.07 <100 847.6

10.9 2.3 <0.5

5 IOCL Colony Govandi

5.7 NNE 63.2 23.5 12.4 21.1 1.03 <100 834.

1 11.0 2.3 <0.5

Standard

-

100 (24 hrly)

60 (24 hrly)

80 (24 hrly)

80 (24 hrly)

2 (8 hrly)

- - 100 (8 hrly)

5 (Annual, 24 hrly)

1 (Annual, 24 hrly)

From Table-3, it can be seen that the 98 percentile values at various monitoring stations for gaseous pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, HC (Methane and Non-Methane), Benzene, Benzo (O) Pyrine (B-a-P) and Ozone were found well below the National Ambient Air Quality standards for residential/industrial areas.

1.2.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Baseline water data was collected at Twelve (12) nos. locations (06 nos. ground water locations, 01 no. sea water and 05 nos. surface water sources) at around 10 km radius area of BPCL- Mumbai Refinery. The samples were analyzed for Colour, Odour, Taste, Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Sulphides, Sulphate, Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Silica, Oil & Grease, Fluoride, Nitrates, Calcium, Magnesium, Free Chlorine, Phosphorus, Ammonical Nitrogen, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Total Coliform, Faecal coliform. Collected baseline water data is summarized in Table- 4 below:



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Table- 4: Summary of physicochemical data collected for water environment:

1.2.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT & TRAFFIC SURVEY

The monitoring and Traffic survey noise survey was conducted to assess the background noise levels and traffic density at Four (4) nos. locations near to the refinery. Ambient monitored noise values are summarized in Table 5 below:

Table 5 - Description of Noise Monitoring Locations and measured values

Sl. no.

Location Leq day dB (A)

Leq night dB (A)

Standard (MoEF rules, 2000)

Leq day dB (A)

Leq night dB (A)

1 BPCL Refinery

North Gate (Sports Club)

73.4 - 80.3 54.3– 57.8 75

(for Industrial area)

70 (for Industrial

area)

2 East Gate (HPCL) 78.5 - 81 58.4– 61.6 75


70 (for Industrial

area)

3 BPCL Refinery

West Gate (Main Gate)

70.1 - 76.6 56.5 - 61 75


70 (for Industrial

area)

Parameter Unit Ground water Sea water Surface water

As per data collected

Permissible Limit



Permissible Limit

Temperature ˚C 25.8-29.1 - 27.1-28.9 26.3-28.6 -

Turbidity NTU <1-26.2 - 22.8-29 0.9-26.8 - pH

6.8-7.85 6.5-8.5 7.13-8.03 7.07-8.01 6.5-8.5

TDS mg/lit 232-1600 2000 36896-39497 45-5120 1500 Total hardness mg/lit 106-706 600 6685-7008 46-1800 -

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/lit 2.5-4.27 Not Specified

2.7-3.5 3.7-5.31 4

COD mg/lit <10-24.1 Not Specified 140-224 <10-848 - BOD mg/lit <4 Not Specified 23-29 <4-282 3

Chlorides mg/lit 32.48-491.81 1000

21300-22570 10.91-

6054.86 600

Sodium mg/lit 10.19-75.15 Not Specified 11200-12350 0.67-99.90 -

Oil & grease mg/lit <0.2 - 6-8 <0.2-5 -

Total coliform MPN/100ml 11-140 Nil 170-240 6-540 5000



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4 BPCL Colony Gate

(Vasi Naka) 78.2 - 83.6 57.7– 65.9

55 (for Residential

area)

45 (for Residential

area)

It can be seen that sometimes the hourly noise levels are more than the standards. This may be due to the movement of goods carriers and public transportation because of Eastern Express Highway (which is approachable from the refinery through Chembur naka (crossing) passing straight adjoining the Chembur Police station or through Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertiliser area) as well as due to the location of the refinery (Adjoining BPCL refineries are some of the vital industries such as Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, Tata Thermal Power Plant, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers, Aegis Chemicals.etc.).

1.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

There will be no requirement of new land for the proposed ISOM project and all the project related activities will be limited to within BPCL-Mumbai Refinery boundary. Land use and land cover pattern have been studied through interpretation of satellite imageries.

1.2.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

For establishing the baseline status of soil within the probable impact zone, Soil Samples were collected at 10 locations in and around the BPCL-Mumbai refinery for the following soil parameters:. pH, Bulk Density, Specific Gravity, Electrical Conductivity, Porosity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potassium. Sodium Adsorption Ratio of the soil samples ranges from 0.02-0.72. Total Nitrogen of the soil samples ranges from 111.3-338.6 mg/kg. Organic Matter of the soil samples ranges from 7.8-12.2 %.

1.2.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There is no national park / wild life sanctuary / eco sensitive area/ reserve forest is within 10 Km from BPCL Mumbai Refinery.

1.2.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic profile of human settlements around 10 km radius area of BPCL-Mumbai Refinery has been collected and presented in chapter-3 in this EIA study report.



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1.3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures

1.3.1 Ambient Air Environment

Stack-wise emission in DHT project is given below in Table 6:

Table 6: Stack Emissions details for proposed DHT project

Stack

Physical Height

of Stack from Ground Level

(m)

Stack Tip Dia.

(m)

Exit Temp.

(oC)

Flue Gas Flow

(m3/Hr)

Volumetric flow rate (mg/m3)

NOx MT/D

SO2 MT/D

DHT Furnace 60 2 150 36495 161.67 0.14 0

GT+HRSG 60 3.5 150 350000 142.85 1.2 0 Total 1.34 0

Total emission from refinery in Pre-DHT & Post-DHT case is given in Table 7.

Table 7: Summary of NOX & SO2 Emission from Refinery NOx (MT/D) SO2 (MT/D)

Emission from stacks (Post-ISOM project/ Pre-DHT project)---(A) 5.25 10.44

Addition of stack Emissions due to proposed DHT project---(B) 1.34 0

Emission from stacks (Post-DHT project)---(C) 6.59 10.44

Ambient Air Quality Prediction (SO2)

Air quality modeling was done and the isopleths generated in ISCST-3 software for 24 hourly maximum average for SO2 is shown in Table 8 below:



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Table 8– Predicted values of GLC for SO2

Maximu

m 24 hr GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC From BPCL Main Gate House

(0,0) Co-

ordinates (m)

Distance from the

plant boundary

(m)

Maximum 98

Percentile Baseline

Value (within 10 km radius)

g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile Value g/m3

CASE-1 Emission for Post-ISOM project scenario

7.05 600,200 Within the refinery

boundary

13.91 20.96

CASE-2 Emissions from proposed DHT project scenario

No net SO2 emission from DHT project

From the Table 8, SO2 value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of post ISOM project scenario (CASE-1) is predicted as 7.05 g/m3 and by superimposing the same with background SO2 level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 20.96 g/m3 (CASE-1). This SO2 value is well within the standard limit of 80 g/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas. There will be no SO2 emission from proposed DHT project scenario (CASE-2).

Ambient Air Quality Prediction (NOX)

Air quality modeling was done and the isopleths generated in ISCST-3 software for 24 hourly maximum average for NOX is shown in Table-9.



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Table 9– Predicted values of GLC for NOX

From the Table 9, NOX value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of post ISOM project scenario (CASE-1) is predicted as 5.45 g/m3 and the maximum GLC for proposed DHT project scenario (Case-2) is predicted as 7.01 g/m3 By superimposing the same with background NOX level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 27.22 g/m3 (CASE-1) and 34.23 g/m3 (CASE-2). In both the cases the NOX value is well within the standard limit of 80 g/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas.

Mitigation Measures for Minimizing Air Emission Impact

In order to minimize the impact of the project on the environment, due attention is given for implementing effective pollution control measures. SO2 and NOx are the main air pollutants from the point source emissions. Various steps taken by BPCL to monitor and control the emission of SO2 and NOx are summarized below:

Use of gaseous or liquid fuels in all the furnaces / heaters / boilers to minimize emission of particulate matter.

Low sulfur fuel oil, nil H2S amine treated refinery fuel gas, Regassified Liquified Natural Gas (R LNG) with nil sulfur is used as fuel for control of SO2 emission.

Use of Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) with > 99% efficiency to minimize SO2 emission from the refinery complex.

NOX(24 hourly maximum) Maximum

24 hr GLC g/m3


(0,0) Co-

ordinates (m)

Distance from the

plant boundary

(m)

Maximum 98

Percentile

Baseline Value

(within 10 km radius) g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile

Value g/m3



boundary

21.77 27.22



boundary

27.22 (GLC

of Post DHT

project)

34.23



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Engineering is in progress for increasing the efficiency of existing SRU to 99.9% by

Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU)

Implemnetation of efficient technologies for minimizing fuel consumption.

Flare gas recovery system has been provided for recovery of flare gas

Flare tip is designed to ensure smokeless conditions.

Ambient air quality is monitored regularly.

Provision of low – NOX burners in heaters / furnaces / boilers to minimize NOX

emission.

Provision of high efficiency furnaces (more than 90% efficiency) to minimize fuel consumption

Provision of Analyzers for continuous monitoring of stack emissions (SO2, NOx), stack temperature and O2.

Use of stack of sufficient height as required by per CPCB’s guidelines for better dispersion of the pollutants from to all the furnaces / heaters / boilers .

All floating roof tanks along with crude oil tanks are provided with primary and secondary seal.

Provision of three continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations in the existing refinery.

A new 125 m high demountable smokeless flare system has been commissioned in September, 2013. The flare elevation and location shall be such so that there is no impact of thermal radiation on the operating personnel in the plant.

Developing Green Belt: As Green cover acts as a natural sink to pollutants, BPCL

Refinery has done extensive tree plantation within the refinery & township area as well as far flung areas since inception.

Total SO2 emission from the refinery post DHT project is expected to be within the existing permissible limit as stipulated by the MoEF/ State Pollution Control Board. All efforts will be taken to minimize SOx and other emissions from the refinery during design stage itself. Mitigation Measures for Fugitive emissions

The major sources of such fugitive emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the refinery are the main processing area, tank farm area having storage tanks for crude oil and lighter products and the loading/unloading gantry area. These fugitive emissions originate



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from the static and dynamic joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, mixers, valve packing and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling and relief valves etc. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures were taken during design stage:

Provision of Close – Blow down (CBD) system for all the process units to minimize VOC emission from the operations.

Minimum number of flanges, valves etc;

High grade gasket materials for packings;

Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves for new units

Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals;

Provision of floating roof storage tanks for volatile products storage;

Cover for plant oil catchers at CCU, FCCU and FPU.

Benzene Vapour Recovery Unit at lorry loading gantry for control of VOC’s.

Aluminum dome roof is being provided on 9 existing floating roof tanks to reduce VOC.

Internal aluminium floating roof on tanks on lighter hydrocarbon service

Annual fugitive hydrocarbon emission monitoring survey as per Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program is in place in refinery. Mitigation measures for minimization of Fugitive emissions of VOCs include minimum number of flanges, valves, etc., high grade gasket material for packing, usage of state of art low leakage valves preferably with bellow seals, etc.

1.3.2 Water Environment During the operational phase impact on water environment can be due to two reasons, firstly due to use of raw water and secondly due to disposal of treated effluent from the plant. For the proposed project, steam requirement will be around 116 m3/hr which will be met partly from new HRSG and partly from existing steam generation system. Estimated requirement of recirculating cooling water is 2600 m3/hr which will be met from existing system. Total additional fresh raw water requirement for the proposed project shall be 3100 m3/day (129 m3/hr). This additional fresh raw water will be met by conserving and recycling of water inside the refiney. Condensate recovery system, steam trap management and Roof top Rain water harvesting has been commissioned at various locations inside the refinery for resource



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conservation. Treated effluent from ETP is recycled and reused for cooling make up water purposes. Sea water is used in existing refinery as fire water and for process cooling purposes. Total raw water demand post DHT project will be around 16500 m3/day which is within the allocated limit. Hence, no significant impacts are expected on account of the fresh water as there is no additional fresh water demand for the proposed project. In the proposed DHT project, there will be additional liquid effluent (35 m3/hr) generation due to process, floor wash, any other drain flow. The effluent will be routed to existing ETP. Presently the effluent coming to ETP is 120 m3/hr whereas the ETP is designed to handle 240 m3/hr of effluent flow. Hence, the existing ETP can handle and treat the additional effluent effectively. Hence, no new ETP is envisaged for the proposed project.

1.3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT During construction phase, surplus earth (if any) and construction debris may be generated as well as metal scrap and packaging materials whereas during operational phase, hazardous wastes expected to be generated from the proposed new facilities like oily sludge, spent catalysts etc. From proposed DHT project, approximately 361.5 MT of spent catalyst will be generated in every 4 years. The spent catalyst will be sold or recycled as per existing practices. All statutory rules / guidelines of MoEFCC / CPCB will be complied prior to recycle, reclamation or sale of spent catalyst. There is no additional generation of crude tank bottom sludge or any oily sludge, as the existing storage and offsite facilities will be used. All the sludge shall be handled and treated as per Hazardous Waste Management Rules. Oily & Chemical waste shall be handed over to approved Transport, storage, disposal facility (TSDF) waste operator. BPCL MR has membership of two TSDF namely Mumbai Waste Management Limited (MWML), and Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association (TTCWMA).

1.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme

The proposed environmental monitoring programme of the proposed DHT project is given below in Table 10.



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Table 10: Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme

During Construction Phase Sl. No. Potential

impact Action to be Followed

Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

1 Air Emissions

All equipment are operated within specified design parameters.

Random checks of equipment logs/ manuals

Periodic

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.

Vehicle logs

Periodic during site clearance & construction activities

Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers or prevented from blowing.

Absence of stockpiles or open containers of dusty materials.

Periodic during construction activities

Compaction of soil during various construction activities

Construction logs


2 Noise Night working is to be minimized.

Working hour records

Daily records

Generation of vehicular noise

Maintenance of records of vehicles

Daily records

Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines

Mufflers / enclosures in place.

Prior to use of equipment.

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible

Vehicle logs


3 Soil Erosion

Protect topsoil stockpile wherever possible.

Effective cover in place.


4 Health

Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters

Regular check ups



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records to be submitted by contractor supervisor, for issue of permission to the labour to work at the site.

including audiomerty

5 Construction camps

Away from settlements and ensure disciplinary procedures. Avoid use of public infrastructural facilities such as power, gas and water and maintain hygienic conditions

Regular monitoring

Pre-construction

6 Waste Management

Identification & characterization of every waste arising from proposed activities as per prevalent waste management plan and which also identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Comprehensive Waste Management Plan in place and available for inspection on-site. Compliance with Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2008

Periodic check during construction activities

7 Fuel and oil leaks

Use designated fuel storage methods and ensure that oil spill response plan is in place

Visual inspection and monitoring of soil and ground water quality

Throughout construction period

8 Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan to be drawn up, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent/limit

Mock drills and records of the same




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consequences.

9 Public and animal safety

Erection of warning barriers

Routine monitoring and checks

Throughout construction period

10 Water and waste water

Take care in disposal of Waste water generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as given in permits


During Operational Phase S.No. Potential




1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx).

Periodic during operation phase

Cold venting any from storage tanks

Quantity and cold venting if any.

Continuous

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, HC

As per CPCB/ MPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Periodic during operation Phase at the AMS facility existing in the refinery

2 Indoor air contamination

Pollutants such as CO, CO2 and VOCs to be reduced by providing adequate ventilation.

Monitoring of indoor air pollutants such as CO, CO2 and VOCs.

As per CPCB / MPCB requirement

3 Noise Noise generated from operation

Spot Noise Level

Periodic during operation



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pumps/compressors/motors to be optimized and monitored.

recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)

phase

4 Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around refinery premises

Comprehensive monitoring as per applicable standards

Once in a season

5 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be disposed in nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.


Take care in disposal of Wastewater generated such that soil and Groundwater resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as per ETP norms


6 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development at refinery administrative building.

No. of plants species


7 Health

Migrant labour health check ups reports from authorized doctors are mandatory for issue of gate pass.Validity of medical check up report is 6 months..

Valid gate passes

Random checks for people working in high risk jobs, as advised by supervisors/BPCL employees.

8 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized.

Energy audit report ENPI(Energy performance indicators) as per ISO50001:2011

Audits and periodic checks during operational phase

1.5 Environmental Management Plan

The EMP in the design stage endeavours to mitigate the problems related to health, safety and environment at the process technology selection stage and at the design



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stage. The BPCL-Mumbai Refinery facilities have been designed taking into account all applicable standards/ norms both for regulatory and safety purpose. A summary of proposed impacts, mitigation measures and proper environmental management plan is given in Table 11. Table 11: Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan for proposed

DHT project During Construction Phase

Sl. No

Environmental Component

Activity/Aspect Impacts Mitigation Measures

Element of Environmental

Management Plan 1 Air Environment

Foundation work

Digging, leveling work

Structural works

Very less conventional pollutants will be released during this phase due to construction works, vehicle exhausts which will not cross the specified limits because low value of background levels

Dust pollution will be suppressed using water sprinklers

Periodic maintenance of machinery, heavy vehicles

Regular monitoring of levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB guidelines

2 Water Environment

Maintenance of drainage and water supply network for Sanitation and waste water generation

Limited impact on surrounding water bodies/aquatic ecosystems/ground water due to soil erosion, leaching, waste water generation

Water requirement through existing raw water source

Proper sanitation

Waste water treatment through existing treatment plant

Provision for appropriate sanitary facility for construction workers

3 Land Environment

Land use change due to drilling,

Land pollution of small magnitude due to solid

Management of solid waste

Composting bio-degradable waste and disposal of



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excavating waste generation

Overburden and construction waste will also be produced

Management of excavated solid and construction waste

non bio-degradable waste in land fills

Construction waste will be used for back filling

4 Noise Environment

Noise from construction, heavy vehicle movements

Noise level will be more but within the permissible limits (45-75 dB(A))

Noise protection measures

Using ear muffs for workers while construction

Rules & regulations of Noise Standards will be followed

5 Socio-economic Environment

Enhancement of Socio-economic aspects

More benefits to the local people

Employment opportunities to local skilled and unskilled people

Development of infrastructure, communications facility, drinking water supply, health etc. Social and

cultural development

Facilitation of hospital, school, club, stadium etc.

Regular health camp surrounding the plant

Implementation of BPCL CSR Policy

6 Biological Environment

Land use change

Impact on flora and fauna will be minimal

Less impact on marine ecosystem

Creation of landscape with plantation Conservatio

n of biodiversity

Tree plantation at various locations.



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During Operation Phase

Sl. No

Environmental Component

Activity/Aspect Impacts Mitigation Measures

Element of Environmental

Management Plan 1 Air

Environment Air

emissions (Conventional)

Movement of vehicles

Insignificant impact as conventional pollutants emission will be within the permissible limits.

Compliance to standards

Continuous monitoring

Control air emissions at source by firing clean amine treated fuel gas, or LNG

Regular monitoring of the levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB requirements

Regular maintenance of vehicles and equipments

2 Water Environment

Operation of new process units and utilities

Limited impact on surrounding water bodies/aquatic ecosystems/ground water

Proper management of active and domestic waste water

Proper design of condenser Cooling systems

Rain water harvesting

Liquid effluents discharge will be much below discharge limits of CPCB norms

Regular monitoring of the levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB norms

Implementation of rain water harvesting

3 Land Environment

Disposal of solid waste

Land pollution of small magnitude due to solid waste generation

Management of plant and domestic solid waste

Treatment and disposal of solid waste as per CPCB/MPCB norms

Disposal of non degradable waste in proper land fills



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4 Noise

Environment Noise from plants,

Insignificant noise levels in public domain

Control of noise levels within permissible limits

Development of barriers to control noise

Follow occupational health and safety measures

Noise levels due to plant activities will be controlled within permissible limits

Noise generating units will be housed in acoustic enclosures

Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) will be provided to workers wherever required

Noise standards of CPCB will be adhered with


Enhancement of Socio-economic aspects


Employment generation

Awareness camps

Medical camps

Implementation of social welfare schemes for the local people

Awareness on Social benefits among local people through seminars, workshops, exhibitions

Preference will be given to local people

Ensure participation of local people in cultural events to create social harmony and goodwill



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6 Biological

Environment Discharge/ releases to air & water.

Impact on terrestrial flora and fauna

Adequate protection measures should be ensured in design for conservation of flora and fauna

Control of eutrophication by treatment and reuse of waste water

Regular monitoring of biodiversity and listing the same

The plant design will envisage the conservation of flora & fauna.

7 Health, Safety & Environment

Conventional emissions

Health effects of pollutants

Occupational health & safety

Safety in plant design

Monitoring & compliance to OSHA standards

Safety in plant design as per OSHA norms

Regular monitoring of the pollutant levels in different components of surrounding environment

Regular health check-up of the workers

Hazard analysis and safety measures in work place to reduce the undue risk to employees, members of public & environment as per OSHA requirements

EMP implementation and environmental monitoring programme to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management systems.



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1.6 Additional Studies

1.6.1 Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) BPCL has developed a comprehensive ERDMP. The document is prepared in line with the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) guidelines which defines and specifies roles and responsibilities, classification of emergencies, coordination within and outside agencies etc. The document is strictly in compliance with the PNGRB guidelines and no deviation from the guidelines. For proposed ISOM facilities the emergency response plan is discussed below. The project manager shall ensure that suitable instructions are issued to both BPCL and contractors personnel, identifying the action to be taken by each one in an emergency. This shall be achieved by display of organization chart/posters not only for fire fighting but also other emergencies of large magnitude. A detailed Emergency/Disaster response plan (or DMP) will be drawn out in co-ordination with police authorities, fire brigade, hospitals, and neighboring industries. The plan considers organization set up, communication cell for information exchange, availability and mobilization procedure of resources for emergency situation and provision of mutual aid. The best way to manage any emergency is to prevent it. The guidelines to be ensured for emergency prevention shall be as follows: Sound engineering practice in the design fabrication, installation and maintenance of facilities

Careful selection and correct use of equipment

Observance of safety and security requirement

Proper and constant training and guidance to all personnel working in the plant, with particular reference to product knowledge and maintenance practices

Good house keeping

Constant supervision

BPCL will develop integration of existing on-site Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) with the proposed facilities to enable it to respond effectively to an emergency. These plans will address the following issues:



Rev. No. 0 Page XXVII of XXX



Emergency Response Organization

Alarm and Communication Rules

Contingency Plans for dealing with the emergency

Co-ordination between the various emergency response teams, both within the complex as well as emergency response teams from outside the Refinery Complex

Incident notification procedures

Community notification and Evacuation Existing Emergency Control Centre (ECC) shall be the focal point to co-ordinate emergency response activities. An alternative control centre will also be selected if it is anticipated that the ECC is likely to be affected by heat wave radiation of other hazards from the proposed facilities. Adequate personal protective/safety equipments will be provided at the ECC. Emergency procedures shall be displayed along with the telephone numbers at appropriate locations in the proposed facilities. On-site Emergency Response Plan The existing on-site ERP shall be integrated with the emergency response plan for the proposed facilities. This shall deal with steps the complex staff will take to control an emergency within the proposed facilities. It has been developed in accordance with BPCL principles and local regulations, and shall include information on the following: Procedure for activation of the ERP

The emergency response training and drill programs required to maintain emergency response preparedness

The company's emergency response organization, including a description of the make up, function and purpose of the emergency response teams. Alternates will be identified to assume responsibilities in case disaster occurs in the absence of principal coordinators.

Checklists will be developed for each member on the emergency response teams, which include a written description of the duties, responsibilities and authorities for each designated employee

Role of local authority when responding to emergencies

Alarm and communication system, including procedures for ongoing emergency communications



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Detailed contingency plans for dealing with the most likely types of

emergencies that can occur. These will include emergency procedures for safely shutting down operations

Procedure for reporting incidents to the appropriate authorities

Plan appraisal and updating

1.6.1 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN BPCL has commissioned the Mumbai-Manmad product pipeline in March 1998 for movement of petroleum products (MS, SK, HSD) from the refinery, to lower the rail & road traffic, reduce vehicular emissions, and enhance safety during transportation of finished products to up country locations. The length of the pipeline upto Bijwasan (Delhi) is 1389 Kms, and it carries more than 50% of total production from BPCL-MR . Besides the above, an appropriate traffic management plan is in force in order to reduce pollution potential and enhance the safety of operation and personnel movement. The traffic management plan envisaged and in force for the existing BPCL refinery complex shall be extended to manage the transportation aspects of the proposed facilities also. Some of the specific measures envisaged in order to achieve an environmentally acceptable and safe operation of traffic are:

Appropriate product management and scheduling in regulating the traffic in (out) flows.

Adequate parking and turning space for the tank truck movement at the loading point and approach road.

Tank trucks parking area with amenities for tank truck crew outside the secured premises

Provision of parking of tank trucks with suitable fire fighting facilities including hydrant system

A security system to prevent unauthorized entry, minimizing the potential for sabotage.

Concrete/ asphalted roads/yards inside the complex covering the unlicensed and licensed area to enable movement of fire tenders during exigencies and escape route for evacuation

Training of drivers transporting the hazardous goods.

Vehicle safety audit for all vehicles transporting product for their road worthiness and safe transit of goods. This audit shall be carried out based on the predefined criteria for vehicle fitness. This shall be checked by proponent's representative's time



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to time. In addition, BPCL shall carry out random audit of the product vehicles with a checklist provided.

1.6.2 OIL SPILL MANAGEMENT PLAN

BPCL has carefully planned about the oil spill from the tankers, storage tanks or pipeline leakages. The preventive measures are

Regular maintenance & inspection of the of the equipment, pipeline and tidiness in

accordance with regulations. Installation of corrosive and cathodic protection systems through out the length of the

underground pipelines and regularly inspects any leakage. In case of oil spill with in refinery care is taken to ensure that no oil goes out of

refinery . Also Memorandum of Understanding for establishment of Tier-I Oil Spill Response Facility in Mumbai harbor was signed between the Port authorities of MbPT & JNPT and a group of eight companies in Chembur –Trombay area comprising of BPCL,ONGC, , HPCL, IOCL, and TATA Power, Aegis logistics Ltd, CTTL and RIL.

There are three oil catchers namely OC-2, OC-3 and MOC which finally discharge the water outside BPCL MR. Facilities for oil spill response at the oil catchers are as follows:

o Hydraulic disc skimmers at MOC o Drum type floating oil skimmers o Hay filters for secondary containment at oil catcher outlets o Floating HDPE booms as secondary containment in outlet channels o Oil adsorbent booms and pillows o Vacuum system for skimming of floating oil, with sump pit & pumping facility

for recovery of oil into slop oil system o 3 Shore based rope mop skimmers o 4 vertical rope skimmers o Slotted pipe lip skimmers o Sump pit pumps for pumping recovered oil into slop oil system o Gates at channel outlet for containment of oil

Two vacuum trucks are available for recovery of accumulated oil. Regular de-silting is carried out at oil catcher bays. Sludge/ silt removal from all sump pits is carried out by using mechanized vacuum

truck. 1.6.3 Risk assessment

Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi, has been appointed by M/s Bharat Petroleum corporation to carry out Rapid Risk Analysis (RRA) for proposed DHT project at Mumbai Refinery at Mahul.



Rev. No. 0 Page XXX of XXX



Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) study report is enclosed in this EIA report.

1.7 Project Benefits

BPCL is proposing to install Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHT) of 2.6 MMTPA capacity at BPCL-MR. Installation of a DHT is necessary for meeting the government mandate of producing 100% BS-IV HSD w.e.f. 1st April 2017. DHT would also facilitate MR in meeting proposed BS- V Auto Fuel mandates w.e.f. 1st April 2020. In the absence of DHT Unit, under the present conditions, BPCL-MR is capable of producing only 3.5 MMTPA of BS-IV HSD and the balance HSD to the extent of 2.4 MMTPA will be of BS-III quality. The combined handling of 4.8 MMTPA of HSD will also require hiring of huge infrastructure facilities

The benefits of the proposed DHT project can be summarized as: 100% production of BS-IV HSD Fuel and meeting the Auto Fuel Mandate of

Government No additional SO2 emissions from refinery Reduction of vehicular emissions from present levels due to use of cleaner fuel. Development of additional facilities within the refinery complex using existing

process & utility facilities.


1 Document No.

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Page 1 of 203

EIA Study for installation of DHT project and associated facilities for

production of BS-IV HSD at BPCL-Mumbai Refinery

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION



Rev. No. 0 Page 2 of 203



1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) is one of the three major integrated Petroleum refining and marketing companies in India. BPCL‟s Mumbai Refinery (MR) is situated in Mahul, Mumbai in an area of 454 acres. The refinery was commissioned in 1955 and presently has an installed capacity of 12 MMTPA.BPCL MR has been pioneer in various aspects of refining, as listed below:

First refinery to start production of LPG, Aviation Gasoline (AVGAS), Bitumen, and MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) as an environment friendly substitute for TEL(Tetra Ethyl Lead) in motor spirit.

First refinery to process indegeneous Mumbai High crude oil, commission DHDS(Dehydro desulphurization unit) for the production of ultra low sulphur diesel

Being the first in the country to use indigenous technology licensed by the Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) and Engineers India Ltd. (EIL) for the manufacture of Petrochemical feedstock i.e. Benzene and Toluene.

Commissioning mounded bullets for storage of LPG Commissioning Benzene Vapour Recovery unit for recovery of benzene vapours

at lorry loading gantry Advanced technology of production of Group II/III LOBS (lube Oil Base Stock)

integrated with hydrocracker. During the process of modernisation and diversification of the refinery in the last four decades, notable progress has also been made in the area of pollution control. Environmental protection and its improvement is one of the important corporate goals of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited. The Corporation strongly believes that good health, safety and environmental performance is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management. Hence it is the responsibility of each and every individual associated with the corporation to observe and practice safety norms and contribute to upgrade environmental standards. To sustain operational excellence, BPCL MR is certified with ISO9001 (Since 1996) for quality management, ISO14001 (since 1998) for Environment management, ISO17025 (since 2002) for laboratory competency& OHSAS 18001(since 2007) for occupational health & safety. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. is committed to energy conservation and abatement of pollution and is accreditated with ISO50001 for energy management since January, 2014. Various modernisation and up-gradation projects have been carried out over the years to improve the processing capability and for optimizing the yield pattern to meet the demand / requirements of the country. The main products of the refinery are LPG, Naphtha, C3, Lube Oil Blending Stock (LOBS), Motor Spirit, Kerosene, Jet Fuel, HSD Oil, FO, SBP,Hexane LSHS, Mineral Turpentine oil, Bitumen, Benzene and Toluene. MOP&NG CC has constituted an expert committee under the chairmanship of Member, Planning Commission, Government of India for preparing “Draft Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025”. Members of oil industry also form a part of the committee / working groups. Various meetings were held and the report is in advanced stage of completion. As per current indications, the expert committee is proposing to introduce total BS-IV Auto Fuel (AF) in the entire country by 1st April 2017 & total BS-V AF by 1st April 2020.






BPCL-MR has commissioned Continuous Catalyst Regeneration Reformer (CCR) to produce BS-III/IV MS. BPCL-MR is also implementing CDU-4 Project (new integrated CDU/ VDU) and Naphtha Isomerization (ISOM) project to produce total BS-IV MS and meeting 2017 Auto Fuels (AF) mandate for MS. However, BPCL-MR would not be able to meet total BS-IV HSD stipulations. In order to meet the government mandate of producing 100% BS-IV HSD w.e.f. 1st April 2017, it is essential to install Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHT) of 2.6 MMTPA capacity at BPCL-MR. Impurities such as sulphur, nitrogen and trace metals will be removed from the feed stocks by reaction with hydrogen at high pressure and high temperature to meet the BS-IV/V specification for HSD.

Installation of a DHT is necessary for meeting the proposed specifications of 100% BS-IV HSD for the entire country. DHT would also facilitate MR in meeting proposed BS- V Auto Fuel mandates w.e.f. 1st April 2020. In the absence of DHT Unit, under the present conditions, BPCL-MR is capable of producing only 3.5 MMTPA of BS-IV HSD and the balance HSD to the extent of 2.4 MMTPA will be of BS-III quality. The above situation would entail exports of 2.4 MMTPA BS-III HSD and simultaneous imports of equivalent quantity of BS-IV HSD to meet the requirements. The combined handling of 4.8 MMTPA of HSD will also require hiring of huge infrastructure facilities. M/s BPCL has entrusted M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) to carry out Environment Impact Assessment study and preparation of Environmental Management Plan for various environmental components of the proposed project. EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India in petroleum refining industry. TOR was approved by MOEFCC in 34th EAC meeting held during 17-19th February 2015. EIL has prepared the EIA study as per approved TOR. Compliance statement of TOR is included in this report (Chapter-1). EIA study has been done based on the environmental baseline data collected in January 2013 to April 2013 (one non-monsoon season). Environmental data for ambient air and water collected inside refinery as part of continuous monitoring plan is also attached as Annexure-I.

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

Mumbai Refinery of Bharat Petroleum Corporation limited is located at Mahul, Survey No 234/482, village Mahul, Chembur, Mumbai Suburban district, Maharashtra. The refinery, commissioned in 1955 with a capacity of 2.2 MMTPA has been revamped with the addition of new units over the last four decades. Recently, the following new projects got Environmental Clearance (EC) from MoEF:

CCR Project EC: reference letter no. J-11011/582/2011-1A II (I) dated 7th June, 2013

CDU / VDU-4 Project EC: reference letter no. J-11011/140/2012-1A II(I) dated 12th June, 2013

ISOM Project EC: reference letter no. J-11011/270/2013-1A II(I) dated 8th August, 2014






EC Compliance Status Report for these projects are enclosed in Annexure-II. Also the consent letters issued from time to time by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) are attached in Annexure-III.

1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT

1.2.1 Address of the Project Proponent

The correspondence address of the project proponent is: Mr. S. S. Sunderajan

Executive Director Mumbai Refinery Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Refinery, Mahul, Mumbai-400 074 Phone: 022 25533423 / 25533425 / 25542798 (Direct) / Fax 25540720 Email: [email protected]

1.2.2 Particulars of EIA Consultant

The EIA consultant is Engineers India Limited. The complete address for correspondence is given below: Mr R.B. Bhutda Head, Environment Division Engineers India Limited Research & Development Complex, Sector-16, On NH-8 Gurgaon – 122001, Haryana Email: [email protected] Tel: 0124-3803508 Fax: 0124-2391413 Website: http://www.engineersindia.com

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The following associated facilities will be revamped/ installed in the Diesel Hydro treatment Unit (DHT) project: Installation of new Diesel Hydrotreater Unit (DHT) of 2.6 MMTPA capacity

Revamp of existing Hydrogen Generation Unit - II (HGU-II) to meet the additional (45 MT/D) hydrogen requirement for DHT.

New Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU) of 2400 MT/D capacity.

Revamp of existing Sour Water Stripper Units (SWS) to treat additional 135 MT/D of sour water generated from DHT.

Revamp of all four SRU trains to meet the additional 85 MT/D of sulphur production with Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU).

New Gas Turbine with HRSG for additional power (34.5 MW) and steam requirements.

1.3.1 Location of the project

The refinery of M/s BPCL is located at Mahul, Mumbai and is situated in the E-35 and E-37 of 'M' Ward of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. This area comprises of

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.engineersindia.com/






major industries in the chemical, petrochemicals, thermal power plants, residential colonies, atomic energy establishments, etc. Adjoining BPCL refinery, some of the vital industries such as Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Tata Thermal Power Plant, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers, Aegis Chemicals, etc are located.

The refinery is approachable from the Eastern Express Highway through Chembur naka (crossing) passing straight adjoining the Chembur Police station or through Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizer area. The refinery is located close to the Arabian Sea, which is approximately 2 km from the refinery. The terrain is fairly plain with hillocks mainly in the eastern direction. Location map of BPCL-Mumbai Refinery along with major industries located in 10 km radius area is shown in Figure 1.1. The proposed DHT project will come up within existing refinery complex. There is no additional requirement/acquisition of land for the same.

1.3.2 Justification for the project

Under the present refinery operating conditions, BPCL-MR is capable of producing only 3.5 MMTPA of BS-IV HSD and the balance HSD to the extent of 2.4 MMTPA will be of BS-III quality. To meet the government mandate of producing 100% BS-IV HSD w.e.f. 1st April 2017, BPCL would be required to export 2.4 MMTPA BS-III HSD and simultaneously import equivalent quantity of BS-IV HSD to meet the requirements. The combined handling of 4.8 MMTPA of HSD will also require hiring of huge infrastructure facilities. Implementation of this project will enable MR to meet the proposed specifications of 100% BS-IV HSD for the entire country. DHT would also facilitate MR in meeting proposed BS-V Auto Fuel mandates w.e.f. 1st April 2020. The benefits of the proposed project are summarized as:

Increase in production of BS-IV HSD Fuel and meeting the Auto Fuel Mandate

of Government No additional SO2 emissions from refinery Reduction of vehicular emissions from present levels due to use of cleaner fuel. Development of additional facilities within the refinery complex using existing


1.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The proposed project for Installation of Diesel Hydro-Treator and associated facilities is expected to be mechanically completed in approximately 27 months. The preliminary cost estimate of the proposed project is Rs. 2368 Crores.






Fig. 1.1: Location Map of BPCL-Mumbai Refinery and Major Industries in 10 km radius area.

Sr. No. Industry

1 Bharat Petroleum Co. Ltd., Mahul

2 Hindustan Petroleum Co. Ltd., Mahul

3 Tata Power, Mahul

4 Rashtriya Chemicals Factory, Mahul

5 Bhaba Atomic Research Center, Mumbai

6 Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport

7 Hindustan Lever Ltd.

8 Bombay Port Trust

9 Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust

BPCL Mumbai Refinery site


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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of study broadly includes: Assessment of the present status of air, water, noise, traffic, land, soil, flora fauna,

and socio- economic components of environment utilizing the existing data for one season (Jan 2013 to Apr 2013 collected by Netel India Limited).

Identification of likely impacts of various activities proposed to be undertaken during construction as well as operation phases of the project.

Prediction and evaluating the impact of activities carried out during the construction and operational phases of the project.

Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan which is to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts and improving the environmental quality.

1.6 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment study is based on the TOR issued by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) subsequent to the 36th EAC meeting held during 16th to 17th March 2015 for this proposed project and MoEF notification dated September 14, 2006.

1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT The proposed project would have some implications on the neighborhood with reference to socio-economic aspects of society, environmental attributes such as land, water, air, aesthetics, noise, flora and fauna. In assessing the environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is of prime importance. Environmental Impact analysis and assessment which is required for every industrial project should preferably be carried out at the planning stage itself. The matrix method which gives cause-effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameter has been adopted in preparing this report. The basic objective of identification of impacts is to aid the proponents of the project to rationalize the procedure for an effective environment management plan, leading to an improvement in environmental quality as a result of the location of the proposed project. This has been attempted by the following procedures:

Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributes. Identification of impacts. Impact assessment through ambient air quality modeling. Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of environmental management plan. Outlining post project monitoring methodology.

1.8 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT The report has been divided into ten chapters and presented as follows: Chapter-1.0: Introduction This chapter provides background information of the existing and the expansion project, brief description and objectives of the project, description of the area, scope & methodology of the study.






Chapter-2.0: Project Description This chapter presents the process description of the existing and post project activities, process being adopted, water environment, effluent & waste generation & handling, sources of emission. Chapter-3.0: Description of Environment This chapter presents the assessment of baseline data collected during Jan 2013 to Apr 2013 and in-house data.

Chapter-4.0: Anticipated Environment Impacts and mitigation measures This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of “The project” during construction and operational phase. It describes the overall impacts of the proposed project and underscores the areas of concern which need mitigation measures. Chapter-5.0: Environment Monitoring Programme This chapter provides technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. Measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules)

Chapter-6.0: Environment Management Plan (EMP) This chapter provides recommendations for Environment Management Plan (EMP) including mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project. Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigation measures during construction as well as during operation of the project along with required institutional arrangements for their implementation. Budgetary cost estimates for mitigation measures are also brought out. Chapter-7.0: Additional Studies This chapter covers risk involved in the proposed facilities, storages and utilities and Occupational Health and Safety.

Chapter-8.0: Project Benefits This chapter presents the details of direct and indirect benefit for proposed project. Chapter-9.0: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter contains the list of various experts engaged in preparing the EIA report along with brief introduction of the consultancy.

1.9 MOEFCC APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA The Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) for appraisal of Industrial Projects considered the BPCL proposal for approval of TOR for EIA study for the proposed DHT project during its 34th EAC meeting held during 17-19th February 2015.






The compliance to generic TOR is given in Annexure- VII. The compliance of the additional and specific TOR of the EIA report is presented below in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Compliance of TOR comments from MoEF for proposed DHT project

Sl. No.

Statement Status

1 Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its capacity along with material and energy balance

Process flow diagram is included in Chapter-2. Detailed process flow diagrams alongwith Mass balance and Energy balance are attached as Annexure-IV.

2 Details of intermediate products, their storage and final products to be manufactured

Storage details of Refinery (Post-DHT scenario):

S.No. Name of Tank Capacity (MT)

1. CRUDE 539930 2. METHANOL 374 3. PROPYLENE 1760 4. LPG 5400 5. MS 90917 6. NAPHTHA 55282.5 7. BENZENE 3223 8. TOLUENE 666 9. HEXANE 1380 10. SBP(55-115) 1332 11. MTO 3082 12. ATF 39511 13. SKO 35611 14. HSD 109595 15. MTBE 342 16. LDO 22079 17. FO 58138 18. LSHS 18627 19. BITUMEN 9541 20. LUBE OIL 21265






3 Sulphur balance including sulphur from crude, refinery fuel and any other outside fuel and output in various products and emissions

Sulphur Balance for post-DHT scenario:

Sulphur (MT/D)

% of Sulphur in

product INPUT

Crude Thruput

420.8 100%

OUTPUT Sulfur (MT/D)

%

Products Light

Distillates

0.6 0.14%

Products Middle

Distillates

6.6 1.58%

Products Heavy Ends

234.0 55.60%

Elemental Sulfur

170.3 40.46%

Refinery Fuel & Flare

9.3 2.22%

420.8 100.00%

4 Details of proposed source specific pollution control schemes and equipment to meet the national standards for petroleum refinery.

The following have been proposed as part of pollution control schemes:

a. Low sulfur fuel oil, nil H2S amine treated

refinery fuel gas, Regassified Liquified Natural Gas (R LNG) with nil sulfur is used as fuel for control of SO2 emission.

b. Installation of low noise Low NOx burners c. Implemnetation of efficient technologies for

minimizing fuel consumption. d. Stacks of adequate height for dispersion of

flue gases. e. Provision of Hydrocarbon leak detectors in

plant area f. Provision of SRU based on Maximum Claus

Recovery Conversion (MCRC) with an efficiency of 99%.

g. Engineering is in progress for increasing the efficiency of existing SRU to 99.5% by Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU)

h. Provision of floating roof tanks with secondary seal, guide pole sleeve for ligher hydrocarbons for control of fugitive emission from tank farm. Fugitive emission monitoring is carried out as a part of LDAR programme at process plants.

i. Flare gas recovery system has been provided for recovery of flare gas

j. Demountable flare system of 125 meter






height has been provided for better dispersion of gases at elevated height.

k. Benzene Vapour Recovery Unit at lorry loading gantry for control of VOC‟s.

l. Provision of three continuous Ambient Air Monitoring stations

m. Ground level concentrations of SO2 and NOx are predicted to be well within limits.

n. Flare tip is designed to ensure smokeless conditions.

o. Ambient air quality is monitored regularly. p. All noise generating equipment are

identified and adequate safety measures are in place.

Details are given in Chapter 6.0.

5. Details of emissions from all the stacks including volumetric flow rate.

Details of Stack emission for proposed DHT project:

Details are given in Chapter 2.0 & Chapter 4.0.

Stack

Exit Temp. (oC)

Flue Gas Flow

(Nm3/Hr)

NOx MT/D

SO2 MT/D

DHT 150 36495 0.14 0 GT+

HRSG 150 350000 1.2 0

Total 1.34 0

6. Details on availability of raw materials (crude oil, natural gas, chemicals etc.), its source and storage at the plant.

The main raw material i.e. Crude oil are of type: Bombay High/Saharan/Arab Mix (60 AL:40 AH)

7. Details on mode and transportation of crude and products

The existing mode of transportation of crude and finished products shall be extended for the proposed project. The main raw material for the refinery is Crude Oil. BPCL Mumbai Refinery processes crude of both indigenous and imported origin. The indigenous crude is supplied via sub-marine pipeline from Mumbai High Crude tanks of ONGC located at Uran. Imported crude oil tankers are berthed at Marine Oil Terminal (MOT) and crude oil is received in refinery tanks via a sub-sea pipeline.

More than 80% of the products from refinery are transported via pipelines. The 1389 kilometers long Mumbai Manmad Manglia Bijwasan Pipeline (MMBPL) carries more than 50% of refinery production (Petrol, Diesel & Kerosene).There are dedicated product pipelines for delivery of ATF to airports, naphtha and kerosene delivery to RIL






Patalganga, LSHS to Tata Electric Company, black oil and white oil pipelines for product delivery to Sewree and Wadala installations, and dedicated pipelines exist for product delivery to Marine Oil Terminus (Jawahar Dweep) for coastal deliveries.

The piggable pipeline from BPCL MR which has connectivity to Pirpau jetty is used for coastal delivery of benzene. Product delivery through wagons and lorries is carried out at Trombay Dispatch Unit, TDU located at BPCL MR. Only black oil products (FO/LDO), which have a flash point greater than 66ºC are being loaded on wagons.

Mumbai Uran Pipeline (MUPL) was commissioned in August 2014 for transportation of Liquified Petroleum Gas( LPG).With this, wagon loading from LPG plant has been discontinued, and number of bulk LPG lorry loading has been drastically reduced. The 28 Kms long pipeline from Chembur to BPCL LPG plant Uran, was set up at an estimated cost of Rs. 206 crores.This facility is jointly shared by BPCL and HPCL Mumbai refineries for reducing transportation of bulk LPG via road/railways.

8. Details of storage capacity of crude and products

The existing storage facilities of crude and products shall be utilized for the proposed project.

9. Ambient air quality data should include hydrocarbon (methane and non methane), VOC, Ni & V etc.

Ambient air quality collected during January 2013 to April 2013 and April, 2014 to March, 2015 is given in Chapter-2 and Annexure-I respectively.

10. Efforts to minimize water consumption, effluent discharge, and to maintain quality of receiving water body.

For conserving and recycling of water inside the refinery the following measures have been taken: Condensate recovery system, steam trap management and Roof top Rain water harvesting at various locations inside the refinery. Treated effluent from ETP is recycled and reused for cooling make up water purposes. These measures will also be continued in future

11. Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated water quality with specific efficiency of each treatment unit in reduction in respect of all concerned/regulated environmental parameters. Also include treatment details such as primary (physic-chemical). Secondary (biological), and tertiary (activated carbon filter) treatment systems.

Details of Effluent treatment plant are given in Chapter 2.0.

12. Storm water management plan There are four different network of storm water channels/ drains exist inside the BPCL-MR premises. These SW drains came into existence in 1955 viz: 1) Anik Nallah






2) HP Nallah

3) OC-I, Cooling water Channel No. 5 & MOC

4) Storm water channel along road No. 13 & 0

Anik Nallah: This storm water drain originates from foot step of BARC hill and passes through BPCL Refinery premise along north boundary wall and discharges into Mahul creek directly. BPCL‟s internal storm water drain is not connected with this Strom water drain. HP Nallah: This storm water drain originates from foot step of BARC hill and passes through central part of the BPCL refinery and discharges to Mahul creek. However, on downstream portion of HP Nallah, two outlets from OC-II & OC-III are connected to this storm water drain. Further, on upstream side of OC-II & OC-III installations, a net work of Refinery internal storm water drains from northern part of the Refinery is are connected to OC-II & OC-III. OC-II & OC-III are equipped with various devices like (1) Leap skimmers, (2) Rope mop skimmers, (3) Drum Skimmers. All these devices ensure removal of traces of hydrocarbon if any. In addition to all these devices both OC-II & OC-III are equipped with WEIR system, which ensures flow of water from Bottom part of weir. OC-I, Cooling water Channel No. 5 & MOC : Plant Return cooling water discharge , Rain water collection system cum Plant wash system from various units and few storm water drains net work on south part of the Refinery are routed through OC-I. After segregation of hydrocarbon, the the discharges joins sea cooling water channel along road no. 5 of the Refinery, where few more storm water drains from south part of the Refinery get connected to Cooling water channel. The discharge from Cooling water channel goes to Main Oil Catcher (MOC). MOC is equipped with (1) Drum Skimmers (2) Hay Filter & (3) Ejector system. All these devices ensure removal of traces of hydrocarbon, if any. The discharge from downstream of MOC goes to Sea, located on southern part of the Refinery. In addition to all these devices MOC is equipped with WEIR system, which ensures flow of water from Bottom part of weir. Storm water channel along road No. 13 & 0: This is very small network of storm water drains, located on road No. 13 & Road No. 0, where BPCL does not have any Installation / unit. It is meant for purely storm water discharge. The outlet of this storm water drain connected to sea directly. All the storm water at BPCL MR plot area is first routed through oil catchers (OC-1,OC-2,OC-3, MOC) before finally joining the mahul creek/ sea.






MOC is also a part of re-circulating sea cooling water system, which continuously discharges the blow-down from cooling towers into the receiving body. Routine pre-monsoon cleaning, de-silting of all Nallahs, and channels is being carried out regularly. During excessive rains in monsoon season, dewatering pumps are provided to avoid flooding in low lying areas.

13. Estimation of SO2 and NOx emission load.

For DHT: Fuel: Fuel Gas+RLNG (Fired),: 1501.2 kg/hr Emission: SOx/NOx/SPM/CO: 0/0.1/0.002/0.04 (TPD) For GT+HRSG: Fuel: Fuel Gas(Fired),: 1951.5 kg/hr RLNG (Fired), 9353.6 kg/hr Emission: SOx/NOx/SPM/CO: 0/1.2/0.017/0.19 (TPD)

14. Details on flaring system Flare is an essential system in refineries for safe venting of hydrocarbons during normal operations and also during abnormal conditions during emergencies, start-ups and shut-down of units. In September 2013, BPCL MR had commissioned its 125 m high demountable flare which enables better dispersion of flare emissions. It is designed to be smoke less flare with adequate design of flare tip and steam availability. Flare height has been designed to take care of the radiation levels and dispersion levels for safe working operations in the area. 3 Hydrocarbon(HC) flares of 3 X 50 % capacity (335 MT / Hr X 3 with one standby) and two Acid gas flares of 2 X 100 % (one Acid gas flare will be standby) have been provided. Each train of HC flare has independent Knock out drum, liquid seal drum, riser and the molecular seals so as to enable the quick isolation and maintenance of all the equipments in the train without affecting the operation of other operating two HC flares. Same logic applies to the Acid gas flare system as well where one acid gas flare gas can be easily isolated and handed over to maintenance with other acid gas flare being in operation. New demountable flare is environmental friendly as all the flare discharges after burning of the gases are being released at an elevation of 125 meters above the grade level.

Further, in order to minimize the flare emissions, flare gas recovery system was commissioned in the month of October 2014 at a capital cost of Rs13.6 crores. The system has a liquid ring compressor with a capacity of recovering 20 MT/day of hydrocarbons. With this, BPCL MR has contributed in reducing air pollution to very minimal






levels of flare emissions. 15. Details of VOC recovery devices in

storage tanks Hydrocarbon storage tanks at BPCL (MR) are used for storing the raw material, ie crude oil,finished products, and intermediate components. Tanks are classified as class A, B & C based on their flash point as mentioned below.

Sr no

Product names class

1 CRUDE, SLOPS, MTBE, BENZENE, TOLUNE, MS, NAPTHA, HEXANE, METHANOL, SBP

„A‟ Hydrocarbon liquids with flash point below 23 DegC

2 HSD, ATF, SK, MTO

„B‟ Hydrocarbon liquids with flash point of 23 DegC & above but below 65 DegC

3 LSHS(SR), FLUSHING OIL, LDO, FO, BITUMEN, LUBE OIL

„C‟ Hydrocarbon liquids with flash point 65 DegC & above but below 95 degC

As per Environmental Standards for Petroleum Oil refineries, External Floating Roof Tanks (EFRT) or Internal Floating Roof Tanks (IFRT) have been provided for storage of hydrocarbons. In addition, the following have been provided.

Primary and secondary seals for effective control of vapour emission for floating roof tanks. Two of the tanks i.e, Tk425 (ATF) & Tk119 (Crude Oil) are due for maintenance in the Q2 of 2014-15, and the secondary seal will be installed during the outage.

Further, Aluminium dome roof is being provided on EFRT in a phased manner for enhancing safety and reducing emission of VOC‟s.

Fixed roof tanks have PV valves and floating roof tanks have rim vents for vapour control system.

External inspection is being carried out for all tanks once in every three years.

Deck check is being done every year for floating roof tanks as a part of pre-monsoon job list. Earth






check of all tanks is also being done every year before monsoon

16. Arrangement for spill management Facilities for oil spill response at the oil catchers are as follows:

o Two Hydraulic disc skimmers at MOC o 5 Drum type floating oil skimmers o Hay filters for secondary containment at oil

catcher outlets o Floating HDPE booms as secondary

containment in outlet channels o Oil adsorbent booms and pillows (An inventory

of 100 maintained) o Vacuum system for skimming of floating oil, with

sump pit & pumping facility for recovery of oil into slop oil system

o 3 Shore based rope mop skimmers o 4 vertical rope skimmers o Slotted pipe lip skimmers o Sump pit pumps for pumping recovered oil into

slop oil system o Gates at channel outlet for containment of oil Two vacuum trucks are available for recovery of

accumulated oil. Regular de-silting is carried out at oil catcher

bays. Sludge/ silt removal from all sump pits is carried

out by using mechanized vacuum truck. A Memorandum of Understanding for

establishment of Tier-I Oil Spill Response Facility in Mumbai harbor was signed between the Port authorities of MbPT & JNPT and a group of eight companies in Chembur –Trombay area comprising of BPCL,ONGC, , HPCL, IOCL, and TATA Power, Aegis logistics Ltd, CTTL and RIL in a function at Hotel Marine Plaza on 18th February 2011.

An amount of Rs 17 Lakhs has been paid by BPCL MR against the first invoice submitted by MbPT towards tender charges.

Facilities under the OSR are as follows: Sr. No.

Qnty. Description

1 11 NOS.

Fast response solid floatation boom with free board of about 250 mm and skirt of about 500 mm and length of 200 m in a bag/reel complete with all accessories

2a 2 Nos

50 m3/hr capacity oil recovery free floating skimmer weir type along with suitable pump and hydraulic power pack complete with all accessories.






2b 2 Nos

50 m3/hr capacity oil recovery free floating skimmer , Disc/drum /Brush type and hydraulic power pack complete with all accessories

3 2 Nos

30 m3/hr capacity oil recovery vacuum skimmer with suitable vacuum /suction pump coupled with diesel engine complete with all accessories

4 1 No.

Oil Dispersant Spray system to be installed on a dedicated vessel. The system includes portable hand start diesel pump unit, 2 hand lances, a set of 2x6 mt light weight spray arms , single hand held nozzle , even drop out nozzles and all required accessories.

5 10 K litres

Oil Spill Dispersant , Concentrate type -2 and 3 combined approved by Indian Coast Guard

6 2 Nos.

Floating (towable) storage tank ( Pillow Tank) of about 10 K litres along with its accessories

7 2 Nos

Absorbent ( oil only) kit , for quick oil spill response

8 15 Nos

Personnel Protective Equipment kit for oil spill response

9 1 No.

Dedicated OSR Vessel

10 1 No.

Work Boat

17. Oil sludge management plan Oil from crude tank bottom sludge is recovered by processing in weathering pit by chemical & mechanical methods of recovery. Steam and kerosene is used as diluents, and recovered oil forms a part of finished product, Furnace Oil. The residual sludge is bio-remediated using Oil Zapper Bacteria to convert the residue into non hazardous waste.

18. Risk assessment and disaster management plan

i) Identification of hazards ii) Consequence analysis iii) Risk aseessment should also

include leakages and location near to refinery & proposed measures for risk reduction

iv) Arrangement for fire protection and control

Rapid Risk Analysis (RRA) study has been done and RRA report is given in Annexure-VI.

Additional TOR 1. Public hearing is exempted as per para

7(ii) of EIA, Notification, 2006 as the same was conducted by SPCB on 25th

Noted






September 2012 2. The layout of the expansion plant

should be such that major consequences of any accidental release are contained within the plant boundary

Will be complied.

3. The SO2 emissions after implementation of proposed unit should not increase from the existing stipulation of 10.44 MTPD

Will be complied.

4. Action plan to make operational two non functional ambient air quality monitoring stations

There are three Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations at BPCL MR. As a part revamp of monitoring stations, new analyzers for parameters of Ozone, NH3,Benzene,PM 2.5 & hydrocarbons (methanic and non methanic) were installed in December 2013. Replacement of old obsolete analyzers of M/s Monitor Europe & M/s Horiba make would be carried out for the parameters of SO2,NO2,CO,H2S,THC,PM10 in AMS 1 & 3. Also additional analyzers as per new guidelines by CPCB (NH3,O3,BENZENE,PM2.5) for AMS 2 & 3 is being procured. Order has been placed on M/s Chemtrols for the above procurement at a sum of Rs. 2.21 Cr. (PO 4504925760 dated 14.02.2015).Up-gradation of the AMS will be completed by August 2015.

5. Water balance chart for the existing unit and proposed project indicating fresh water requirement, evaporation loss, effluent generation, quantity to be recycled/reused.

Existing water balance diagram and Post-DHT water balance diagram along with write up is given in Chapter-2.

6. Action plan to reduce fresh water requirement

For conserving and recycling of water inside the refinery the following measures have been taken: Condensate recovery system, steam trap management and Roof top Rain water harvesting at various locations inside the refinery. Treated effluent from ETP is recycled and reused for cooling make up water purposes. These measures will also be continued in future. Also measures for controlling the loss of deaerator venting and boiler blowdown will be taken to recycle and conserve the water.

7. Action plan to create bioremediation site for oily sludge as per CPCB guidelines.

Process of Bio-remediation is the final step in treatment of hazardous oily earth to convert it into non hazardous waste. Bioremediation in general is a process that uses naturally occurring microorganisms to transform harmful substances to nontoxic compounds. BPCL MR has constructed a concrete pit of 400 m3 volume at south most point along road no 13 to carry out the bioremediation .The site has a well, to its north (less than 50 m) for






monitoring water samples. Leachate pit is being constructed for collection of leachate which would be checked for quality before discharging into the storm water channel. Leachate pits would be constructed by 31st May 2015.

8. Item wise details along with time bound action plan for need based activities should be prepared for Enterprise social commitment.

As part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), BPCL MR is focusing on main thrust areas i.e. Education, Health, and Environment improvement at Mahul village, and other areas around the refinery. The details of activities in different areas are given in Chapter-6.

Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1

Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved





CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION







2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter highlights the features of existing and proposed M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) plant with respect to refinery configuration, raw material requirement, utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation, their quantity, treatment and safe disposal of the waste.

2.1 EXISTING FACILITIES AT BPCL MUMBAI REFINERY

The major activity carried out at Bharat Petroleum Refinery is refining of Crude oil & it’s separation into various fractions / constituents viz. Gas, LPG, Motor Spirit, Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Low Sulphur Heavy Stock, Bitumen, etc. Various unit operations / processes are employed for achieving the same. Typically the processes to sustain these activities can be classified as:

Primary Processing: Crude distillation unit, Vacuum Distillation Units, Aromatics

Recovery, Continuous Catalytic Reformer etc Secondary Processing: Catalytic cracking Units, Hydro cracker, etc Treatment units: Diesel Hydro Desulphurization, Naphtha Hydro Desulphurization,

SRU,Merox for LPG / Gasoline / ATF, etc Utilities Network: For catering to the utility needs of all the process & associated

units.

The details of various units are summarized as follows: CRUDE DISTILLATION UNITS (CDU-1&2) The Crude Distillation Units, separate crude oil into several groups of fractions viz. Refinery Gas (which is fired in the refinery furnaces), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel Oil and atmospheric residue called Long Residue (LR) which is further processed in the vacuum units.CDU-2 can also process Heavy crudes. VACUUM DISTILLATION UNITS (FPU / HVU) There are two vacuum distillation units viz. FPU and HVU. These units prepare feedstock for Catalytic Cracking Units by separating the Long Residue (from the Crude Distillation Unit and Heavy Crude Unit) into two components, a distillate known as Waxy Distillate and a heavy residue called Short Residue. The separation is carried out at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (vacuum), which helps to reduce the temperature required for this separation. The Waxy Distillate is the feedstock for the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units. Part of the Short Residue (Imported crude origin) is processed further for the manufacture of Bitumen and the balance is diverted to Fuel Oil Blending. Bombay High Short residue is a component of LSHS. CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS (CCU/FCCU) There are two Catalytic Cracking Units viz. CCU and FCCU. Waxy distillate obtained from Vacuum Distillation Units is cracked in presence of a catalyst at high temperatures. This enables cracking of long chain hydrocarbons to small chain hydrocarbons such as Gas, Cracked LPG, Gasoline & Cycle Oils (Diesel components). The residue from the units is used as a component of LSHS / Furnace Oil. Merox units are provided for treating LPG and Gasoline produced from catalytic cracking units.







C3/C4 SEPARATION UNIT In this unit Cracked LPG from Catalytic Cracking Units is separated into Propane-Propylene and Butane-Butylene fractions. Propane-Propylene (PPFS) is a petrochemical feedstock while the latter is either sent to MTBE plant as feedstock or forms a component of LPG. REFORMER FEED UNIT (RFU) In RFU, straight run Naphtha from Atmospheric Distillation Units processing low sulphur / BH crudes is split into a narrow feedstock boiling in the range of 60-90 Deg.C which has maximum potential of Benzene and Toluene and their precursors. NAPHTHA HYDRO DESULPHURISER (NHDS) The Naphtha Hydro Desulphurisation Unit comprises of a Catalytic reactor wherein 60-90°C cut Naphtha from Reformer feed unit (RFU) is treated in presence of Hydrogen to reduce the Sulphur content so as to make it suitable for processing in the ISOM Unit. Under ISOM Project which is under construction stage, NHDS unit will be revamped. CATALYTIC REFORMING UNIT (CRU) Under ISOM Project which is under construction stage, CRU unit will be converted to Isomerisation unit having capacity of 0.62 MMTPA. AROMATIC EXTRACTION UNIT (ARU) Aromatic compounds (Benzene, Toluene etc) are extracted from the Reformate using liquid-liquid extraction process employing Sulpholane as solvent. By distillation, this extract is then split into Benzene and Toluene, which are valuable feedstock for petrochemicals. NEW SOLVENT UNIT (NSU) In this unit, Naphtha is further processed to yield the required cut for the manufacture of special boiling spirit viz. Special Boiling Point (SBP 55/115) and Food Grade Hexane (FGH). Here straight run Naphtha is first de-aromatised using sulpholane as solvent & then Hexane and SBP are produced by series of distillation in three Splitter Columns. SBP 55/115 is widely utilized as a solvent in paint manufacturing and rubber industries while Food Grade Hexane is used in refining of vegetable oils. DHDS COMPLEX The High Sulphur Diesel produced from various units in the Refinery is de-sulphurised in this unit. High Speed Diesel (HSD) contains contaminants like organic sulphur, nitrogen and metal compounds which contribute to increased levels of air pollution, equipment corrosion etc. The Diesel Hydrodesulphurisation (DHDS) Unit converts this sulphur in the presence of Hydrogen (H2) to H2S so that sulphur level in HSD is reduced to 50 ppm. The hydrogen required for this purpose is obtained by Steam Naphtha/ Natural gas reforming in a Hydrogen unit. A Sulphur Recovery Unit is also a







part of this complex wherein the sulphur in the Diesel, which is removed as H2S, is converted to elemental Sulphur. BITUMEN BLOWING UNIT (BBU) The vacuum residue from vacuum distillation units processing imported high sulphur crudes is blown with air at 240-250 Deg.C in a reactor to produce Bitumen of different grades. The plant is capable of producing VG-10, VG-30 viscosity grades Bitumen. METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) MTBE unit has been installed with a view to provide Lead free gasoline. In this unit, C4 stream from the C3 / C4 separation unit is mixed with Methanol and routed through two reactors in series in MTBE unit, wherein the Isobutylene in the C4 streams reacts with Methanol in the presence of catalyst to produce MTBE. The reactor products are then separated into MTBE & Raffinate. The MTBE product is sent to storage to be blended with MS for Octane boosting and Raffinate is routed to LPG, after recovering water and Methanol. AMINE TREATING UNIT (ATU) / SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT (SRU) In ATU, refinery gases & cracked LPG are treated for removal of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) by absorbing it in Di-Ethanol Amine (DEA). With a view to reduce environmental pollution, the Hydrogen Sulphide is separated from DEA by stripping in a regenerator and the H2S rich gas is converted to elemental Sulphur in presence of Catalyst in SRU. CRUDE AND VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT (CDU/VDU3) This is an integrated Crude & Vacuum Unit with maximum heat integration thereby optimizing heat recovery. This CDU comprises of a distillation column wherein Heavy Imported Crude separates into various fractions viz. Fuel gas, LPG, Naphtha, Kerosene, Gas Oil and Long Residue. The Long residue is distilled in the Vacuum unit for further recovery of vacuum gasoil which is processed in the Hydrocracker. The short residue from VDU is either processed further for the manufacture of Bitumen and/or is diverted to Furnace Oil Blending. HYDROCRACKER The Hydrocracker unit is designed by M/s Chevron to process a mix of VGO from Vacuum distillation unit and heavy Gas oil from crude units. The feed is de-sulphurised in the reactors in presence of Hydrogen at high temperature and pressure .The fractionation section converts the reactor bottoms into gas, LPG, Naphtha, ATF & Diesel. The unconverted oil is routed to the LOBS unit. The products produced from this unit have very low sulphur content. The hydrogen required for this unit is obtained by Steam Naphtha reforming. The hydrogen unit utilizes LNG, Light Naphtha or High Aromatic Naphtha as feedstock.

LUBE OIL BASE STOCK (LOBS) Unconverted oil with low sulphur and nitrogen (about 10 ppmw) from hydrocracker Fractionator bottoms are routed to a vacuum column for preparation of feed to Iso-







dewaxing / Hydrofinishing (IDW / HDF) reactors. Based on the requirement to produce various grades of Lube Oil Base Stocks (LOBS), unconverted oil is split into various fractions suitable for production of LOBS grades such as 100 Neutral, 150 Neutral, 500 Neutral etc. LOBS process scheme consists of IDW / HDF reactors operating in a batch mode for production of various grades of LOBS. This state of the art LOBS unit produces environment friendly, low pour point, highly stable, high viscosity index (VI), low sulphur, low aromatics, low nitrogen lubricating base oils in a single, once through operation through two reactors in series. Because the catalyst (noble metal based) used in the Iso-dewaxing and HDS reactors are highly selective for dewaxing and hydrogenation, they are most effective in a low sulphur and low nitrogen environment. The catalysts in the mild hydro cracking reactor are more tolerant of sulphur and nitrogen. Therefore, the HCR would be operated to remove these contaminants (< 10 ppmw) in order protect the IDW / HDF catalyst from premature fouling. CONTINUOUS CATALYTIC REGENERATION REFORMER (CCR) CCR unit commissioned on 4th March 2014 reforms the straight run and cracked naphtha into high octane reformate which is major component of Motor spirit.The feed naphtha is pretreated in Naphtha Hydro Treater, NHT to remove impurities of sulfur and trace metals.Hydrogen is byproduct of reforming process, which is utilized for hydrotreating units in the refinery. NEW CDU/ VDU (CDU-4) (UNDER EXECUTION STAGE) The CDU/VDU-4 unit will be new integrated Crude & Vacuum Distillation Unit (CDU/VDU) of 6 MMTPA capacity with associated utilities and off sites facilities. It will replace two existing old Crude and Vacuum units (CDU1/2, FPU & HVU), keeping the total refining capacity at BPCL MR the same. The new unit would not only enhance the safety and environment but will also improve mechanical integrity of the system. CDU/VDU-4 is designed to process 6.0 MMTPA of Arab Mix and Mumbai High Crude. The broad fcilities provided in the unit battery limit are: - Heat integrated Crude & Vacuum Distillation Unit - Naphtha Stabiliser - SR LPG amine wash Heat integrated Crude & Vacuum Distillation Unit includes the following sections- Crude Charge and Preheat Train 1, Desalter, Crude Preheat Train II and Pre-flash, Crude Preheat Train III, Atmospheric Heater, Atmospheric Column, Naphtha Stabilizer, LPG Treatment, Vacuum Heater, Vacuum Column. The following utilities/ chemical dosing systems are required for the integrated Crude & Vacuum Distillation Unit: Tempered Water System, Steam Generation, Chemical Dosing Facility, Chemical Dosing Facility, Demulsifier, Corrosion Inhibitor, Antifoulant, and Caustic Solution.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) The effluent treatment plant is designed to process the effluents from various process units. This facility is designed to process effluent containing pollutants like oil, sulphides,







phenolics, BOD and suspended solids. Here, the process effluent is given a Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT), which is a highly effective process to meet the effluent standard prescribed by MoEF/ MPCB.

The existing facilities at BPCL Mumbai Refinery are listed in Table 2.1 below:

Table 2.1: Existing units/ facilities at BPCL Mumbai Refinery

Sl. No.

Unit Name Unit Description Unit Capacity (MMTPA)

1 CDU-1 *Crude Distillation Unit-1 3.5

2 CDU- 2 (HCP) *Heavy Crude Unit, Crude Distillation Unit-2

2.5

3

CDU/ VDU 3

Integrated New Crude Distillation Unit/ Vacuum Distillation Unit-3

6.0

4 FPU *Feed Preparation Unit, Vacuum Distillation Unit-1 1.33 5 HVU *High Vacuum Unit, Vacuum Distillation Unit-2 1.6

6 CCU Catalytic Cracking Unit-1

1.17

7 FCCU Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit, Catalytic Cracking Unit-2

0.83

8 HCU Hydro-Cracker Unit

1.97

9 HGU-1 Old Hydrogen Generation Unit

14500 MTPA

10 HGU-2 New Hydrogen Generation Unit 49000 MTPA 11 LOBS Lubricating Oil base Stock

0.26

12 RFU Reformer Feed Unit

1.0

13 NHDS Naphtha Hydrodesulphurization Unit #

0.33

14 CRU Catalytic Reforming Unit #

0.5

15 ARU Aromatic Extraction Unit

0.27

16 NSU New Solvent Unit

0.2

17 BBU Bitumen Blowing Unit

0.48

18 MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Unit 0.03 MTBE Product

19 DHDS Diesel Hydrodesulphurization Unit

2.0

20 SRU (Train A &B)

Sulfur Recovery Unit 0.03

21 SRU (Train C &D)

Sulfur Recovery Unit 0.046

22 CCR Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Reformer 1.2 23 Treating Units Kero Merox treatment units 0.95

CCU-LPG Merox treatment units 0.15







CCU-Gasoline Merox treatment units 0.40 FCCU-LPG Merox treatment units 0.15 FCCU-Gasoline Merox treatment units 0.16 CCU-LPG Treater 0.12 Amine Treating Unit (FCC) 0.2 Amine Treating Unit (DHDS) 1.0 Amine Treating Unit (RMP) 2.37 Sour Water Stripping Unit (FCC) 0.11 Sour Water Stripping Unit (DHDS) 0.18 Sour Water Stripping Unit 1(RMP) 0.55 Sour Water Stripping Unit 2(RMP) 0.2

24 MINAS plant Waste Water Treatment Plant 240 m3/hr 25 GSU Gasoline splitter Unit 0.76 *Note: CDU1/ CDU2/ FPU/ HVU units will be replaced by New CDU/VDU-4 (project is under execution stage. # As part of proposed ISOM project, existing Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU) will be converted to Isomerization Unit (ISOM) and existing Naphtha Hydrodesulphurization (NHDS) unit will be revamped to meet Isomerization requirement. The block flow diagram for existing refinery is provided in Figure-2.1.







Figure-2.1 Block Flow Diagram of Existing Refinery

/4

gg

gg

gg







2.1.1 DETAILS OF PRODUCTS

Typical Production pattern of existing refinery is shown below in Table 2.2: This will vary based on Govt. directive, petroleum product demand in country, crude mix availability and processing requirements.

Table 2.2: Product Yield of Existing Refinery:

SR NO.

PRODUCTS TONS/DAY Existing

Refinery with CCR

1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1581 2 Poly propylene feedstock 3 Benzene 430 4 Toluene/Xytol 5 Special Naphtha (SBP55/115 Deg.C and

Hexane (FGH 64/69 Deg. C

7490 6 Motor Spirit / MTBE 7 Naphtha 8 Superior Kerosene Mineral Turpentine Oil 4000 9 Aviation Turbine Fuel 10 High Speed Diesel 0.05 % wt S

14755 11 High Speed Diesel 0.035 & 0.005 %wt Sulphur

12 Light Diesel Oil 13 HS Furnace Oil

6384 14 Low Sulphur Heavy Stock 15 Bitumen 16 Sulphur 17 LOBS 680

The above is a typical production pattern of the finished product. This will vary based on Govt. directive, petroleum product demand in country, crude mix availability and processing requirements.

2.1.2. STORAGE OF RAW MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS

Storage facilities in existing refinery are given in Table 2.3 & 2.4 below:

Table 2.3: Raw Material Storage Facilities

Sr. No. Service *Effective capacity in MT Type of storage

1 Crude Oil 518010 Floating roof 2 Methanol 745.25 Double roof







Table 2.4: Product Storage Facilities

Sr. No. Service *Effective capacity in MT Type of storage

1. Propylene(c3) 1760 Mounded bullets 2. LPG 5400 Mounded bullets 3. Motor spirit 46332 Floating roof 4. NAPHTHA 73012 Floating roof 5. BENZENE 3402 Double roof 6. TOULENE 2079 Double roof 7. HEXANE 1660 Double roof 8. SBP(55-115) 1332 Fixed /floating 9. MTO 4457 Fixed roof 10. ATF 39511 Fixed /floating 11. SKO 36131 Fixed /floating 12. HSD 104995 Fixed /floating 13. MTBE 14. LDO 18025 Fixed roof 15. FO 62193 Fixed roof 16. LSHS 26626 Fixed roof 17. BITUMEN 10089 Fixed roof 18. LUBE OIL 21265 Fixed roof tank

2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Environmental parameters like air, water, and land environment for existing refinery have been discussed below.

2.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 2.2.1.1 Stack details and air emissions

NOX and SO2 emission from existing stacks (Post ISOM scenario) is given below in Table

2.5:

Table 2.5: Stack-wise emission of Refinery (Post CCR & CDU-4 ,ISOM project)

Stack No.

Furnace

Flue Gas Flow

(Nm3/hr) NOx

(MT/D) SO2

(MT/D) 1 CMU F01 0 0 0.000

CMU F02 0 0 0.000

2 CDU B1 0 0 0.000







3 CDU B2 0 0 0.000 4 CDU NB2A 0 0 0.000 5 FPU B1 0 0 0.000 6 HCU H801 0 0 0.000 7 FCCU 37662 0.153 0.038 8 HVU 0 0 0.000 9 CCU 51005 0.099 0.279 10 FCCU COB 44467 0.129 0.473 11 CCU COB 31268 0.122 0.332 12 ARU F320 12222 0.037 0.090 13 RFU F101 11832 0.033 0.085

RFU F102 13501 0.037 0.097

14 CRU B1 8439 0.011 0.000 15 BBU 13288 0.020 0.058

16 HDS H101

& HDS H102 10850 0.033 0.000 17 HRSG 1 279535 0.293 0.571 18 HRSG 2 286146 0.493 0.554 19 HRSG 3 380003 0.482 0.698 20 HEB 1 52715 0.197 0.46 21 HEB 2 53433 0.103 0.46 22 HEB 3 51305 0.144 0.44 23 DHDS HGU 14030 0.010 0.000 24 DHDS 5812 0.020 0.011 25 SRU 1 7500 0.047 0.219 26 CDU 3 103170 0.175 1.323

VDU 3 41004 0.070 0.526

27 HCU F201 8543 0.012 0.031

HCU F202 6831 0.009 0.025

28 HCU F203 45516 0.067 0.406 29 SRU 2 32786 0.262 0.986 30 RMP HGU 107547 0.171 0.000 31 LOBS F204 14022 0.021 0.107 32 LOBS F205 1573 0.003 0.005 33 LOBS F206 2532 0.003 0.008 34 CCR NHT 22121 0.133 0.000 35 CCR 138989 0.834 0.000 36 CDU/VDU-4 125150 1.021 2.155

Existing Refinery

(A) 5.14 10.44

*Nil sulfur RLNG being used in Hydrogen Generation unit, CCR& NHT CCR

#Serial number indicates number of stacks. Common stack in CMU, RFU, HDS, HCU and

CDU/VDU-3

Post CDU4 project, existing stacks for CDU1/FPU/CDU2/HVU (stacks of sl. no. 1-6 and 8) will

be dismantled.







2.2.1.2 Refinery Sulphur balance Sulfur in the crude gets distributed into the refinery products, elemental sulfur, product intermediate stocks, fuels etc. Typical sulfur balance is given below in Table 2.6 & Fig. 2.2:

Table 2.6: Sulphur Balance of Existing Refinery

Sulfur (MT/D) % INPUT

Crude Thruput 419 100% 419

OUTPUT Products Light

Distillates C3/LPG 1.0 0.2%

Naphtha MS Ben/Tol

Products Middle Distillates

MTO/SKO/ATF 13 3.1%

HSD/LDO LOBS

Products Heavy Ends

FO/LSHS 125 29.9%

Bitumen 104 24.9%

Elemental Sulfur 170 40.6% Refinery Fuel &

Flare 5.15 1.2%

419 100.0%

Fig. 2.2: Sulphur Balance of Existing Refinery







2.3 Environment Mitigation Measures

Environmental Protection is a core part of the vision of BPCL. BPCL strongly believes that good health, safety and environmental performance is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management. Hence it is the responsibility of each and every employee of the corporation to adopt appropriate Health, Safety & Environment practices at their work place. Important measures taken for existing refinery are:

a) Air Pollution Management System The atmospheric emissions related to the existing facilities consist of: Point or stack emissions from continuous combustion sources. Fugitive Emissions from the process and storage units.

Point or stack emissions

SO2 and NOx are the main air pollutants from the point source emissions. Various steps taken by BPCL to monitor and control the emission of SO2 and NOx are summarized below:

Use of gaseous or liquid fuels in all the furnaces / heaters / boilers to minimize emission of particulate matter.

Use of low sulfur fuel for minimization of SO2 emission.

Use of Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) with > 99 % efficiency to minimize SO2 emission from the refinery complex. Engineering is in progress to increase efficiency of SRU to 99.9% by providing Tail Gas Treating Unit (TGTU)

Provision of low – NOX burners in heaters / furnaces / boilers to minimize NOX emission.

Provision of high efficiency furnaces (more than 90% efficiency) to minimize fuel consumption

Provision of Analyzers for continuous monitoring of stack emissions (SO2, NOx), stack temperature and O2.

Use of stack of sufficient height as required as per CPCB’s guidelines for better dispersion of the pollutants attached to all the furnaces / heaters / boilers..

All floating roof tanks along with crude oil tanks are provided with primary and secondary seal.

Provision of three continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Staions.







A new 125 m high demountable smokeless flare system has been commissioned in September, 2013. The flare elevation and location shall be such so that there is no impact of thermal radiation on the operating personnel in the plant.

Flare gas recovery system has been commissioned recover hydro carbon from flare gas and to reduce emission from flare.

Developing Green Belt: As Green cover acts as a natural sink to pollutants, BPCL Refinery has done extensive tree plantation within the refinery & township area as well as far flung areas since inception. 10000 trees were planted in and around Mumbai in year 2014.

BPCL MR launched the “Green Earth Campaign" in the year 2013 and 20,000 tree saplings were planted/distributed to schools, colleges, institutions, gram panchayats, in and around Mumbai in the monsoon season of 2013, and 2014.In the year 2014, four acres of green belt was developed in collaboration with APMC at plot number 8 and 10, Vashi, Navi Mumbai. A total of 3000 tree saplings were planted by BPCL MR and handed over to APMC for maintenance thereafter.

Fugitive emissions

The major sources of such fugitive emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the refinery are the main processing area, tank farm area having storage tanks for crude oil and lighter products and the loading/unloading gantry area. These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, mixers, valve packing and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling and relief valves etc. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures were taken during design stage:

Provision of Close – Blow down (CBD) system for all the process units to minimize VOC emission from the operations.

Minimum number of flanges, valves etc

High grade gasket materials for packing

Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves for new units

Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals

Provision of floating roof storage tanks for volatile products storage;

Cover for plant oil catchers at CCU, FCCU and FPU.

Aluminum dome roof is being provided on 9 existing floating roof tanks to reduce VOC.

Internal aluminium floating roof on tanks on lighter hydrocarbon service







Annual fugitive hydrocarbon emission monitoring survey as per Leak Detection and

Repair (LDAR) program is in place in refinery. Mitigation measures for minimization

of Fugitive emissions of VOCs include minimum number of flanges, valves, etc.,

high grade gasket material for packing, usage of state of art low leakage valves

preferably with bellow seals, etc.

2.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT Raw water is supplied to Mumbai Refinery by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). The raw water is used for the following purposes:

i. DM Plant feed ii. Process and Service water iii. Cooling water make-up iv. Drinking v. Construction

Sea water is used in existing refinery as fire water and for process cooling purposes. Condensate recovery system, steam trap management and Roof top Rain water harvesting has been commissioned at various locations inside the refinery for resource conservation. Treated effluent from ETP is recycled and reused for cooling make up water purposes.

Presently, 12445 MT/D (m3/day) of fresh raw water is used in refinery. Water balance diagram for existing refinery (Pre-CCR case) is given in Figure 2.3. Fresh water demand for Pre-DHT (Post ISOM) is 16500 MT/D.

2.3.1.1 Wastewater Treatment State of the art waste water treatment plant was installed in BPCL refinery in 1989 at a cost

of Rs.15.6 Crores. The plant is based on Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT) and Wet Air Regeneration (WAR) developed by M/s. Zimpro Passivant Inc., U.S.A and was revamped in 2006 at the cost of Rs. 8.5 Crores. There is no secondary biological sludge generation in WWTP due to use of wet air oxidation process for recycling the powdered activated carbon from the WWTP. The WWTP (ETP) was further revamped in 2005 by installing new equipments such as Tilted Plate Interceptors, new Dissolved Air Flotation and new clarifier and splitting one aeration basin into two chains. The treated effluent is subject to chemical treatment, and is being fully recycled as make-up for the raw water cooling tower. Design capacity of ETP is 240 m3/hr.

Process effluent from BPCL refinery enters into the waste water treatment system in two streams A & B with a flow rate of 210 M3/hr and 30 M3/hr respectively. Major pollutants present are oil, BOD, phenols and sulphides. The waste water treatment system consists of following stages:

1. Pre-treatment 2. Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT) 3. Wet Air Regeneration (WAR)







Figure 2.3: Water balance diagram for existing refinery (Pre-CCR case)







1. Pre-treatment

This section involves equalization of various streams and oil separation system.

A. Equalization: Stream A contains process waste water streams and stream B is comprising of segregated concentrated streams of sour condensates from FCC, CCU, DHDS units and spent caustic from Kero-Merox unit and effluent from DM Plant. The composition of streams A and B differ significantly, stream B being much stronger than A. The various sub streams of B are first taken to a storage tank. Composite stream B is then pumped and mixed with stream A in an equalization tank .The equalized streams are well mixed using an agitator. The equalized waste water stream C is then pumped to free and emulsified oil removal section, with the help of Forward flow pumps and Centrifugal pump.

B. Oil Separation The combined stream C coming out from equalization tanks is rich in oil content which is present both as free and emulsified oil. Corrugated plate interceptor & Tilted plate interceptor are used to remove free oil content of combined stream. The separated oil collects as a layer on the top of the liquid surface in the CPI /TPI tank. The oil layer is allowed to collect until it overflows an adjustable weir into an oil collection box from where it is sent to slop oil system. Effluent from corrugated plate interceptor OR Tilted plate interceptor contains very finely dispersed oil droplets. These droplets are electrically charged and cannot be separated by CPI as the gravity forces are overruled by electrical charges of particles. Following steps are involved to separate emulsified oil. Reaction Tank, Neutralization, Air flotation. For removal of sulphide, Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) dosing Pumps are used & caustic is dosed whenever Sulphide content is high & pH is very low. After the free oil separation, the waste water stream is neutralized to pH 6 to 7 in neutralization tank .The neutralization is carried out by adding HCL as required.

In the Induced air flotation (IAF) tank, or Dissolve Air Floatation DAF, the neutralized wastewater stream is mixed with air bubbles. The air bubbles attach themselves to the oil globules thereby reducing the density of the same. The oil globules then float rapidly to the free liquid surface in the flotation basin together with the entrained air bubble, to form a froth layer which is removed on continuous basis. The flotation tank is divided into compartments. From the last clean water compartment, a centrifugal pump recirculates the clean water through an overhead header to a downcomer having a nozzle and eductor system which ensures even dispersion of finely divided air bubbles throughout the liquid. Both oil and oil wet suspended solids will float as they are attached to the minute air bubbles. Oil and suspended solids accumulate on the surface of the liquid, where they are continuously removed from flotation compartment by means of constantly rotating skimmer blades into a trough. This flotation sludge is over flowed to Slop oil Pit.

2. Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment:(PACT) The PACT Wastewater Treatment System is a biological treatment and physical adsorption process combined into a single unit process. Powdered activated carbon is added to the conventional activated sludge process to adsorb non biodegradable compounds and provide improved removal of biodegradable materials. Following equalization, free oil removal, neutralization and emulsified oil removal, the influent waste water stream flows by gravity into the aeration basin .In the aeration basin, carbonaceous







BOD is removed via biological assimilation and non degradable, absorbable material is adsorbed on the powdered carbon. Three aeration blowers provide required air for the aeration. Coarse bubble diffusers are used to disperse the air in the aeration basin. Mixed liquor from the aeration tank passes to a chamber where a polymer solution is added to aid in solids capture and settling. The flocculated mixed liquor then passes to the clarifier where the solids settle. A rake mechanism moves the settled solids to the centre draw-off point where recycle pumps return the solids to the aeration basin on a continuous basis. Solids are controlled in the aeration basin by periodic wasting of mixed liquor to a sludge thickener by means of Waste pump .The relatively dilute slurry (mixed liquor) is allowed to settle in the sludge thickener tank and the supernatant is returned to the aeration basin by gravity. These thickened solids are then periodically withdrawn and transported by slurry pump to slurry tank for regeneration. The treated water overflows the clarifier and is led directly to guard pond by gravity. Virgin carbon is added directly to the aeration basin to replace carbon removed from the system. Treated waste water overflows from the guard pond into effluent sump from where it is pumped out by means of effluent pump.

3. WAR System: Solids comprised of powdered activated carbon and associated adsorbed material and biological solids are wasted from the PACT system as necessary to control that process. This spent carbon slurry is sent for regeneration to the WAR Unit. Spent carbon is supplied to the WAR Unit by either of two centrifugal feed pumps. The slurry is pumped under positive pressure (approx. 50 to 70 psig) to the inlet of a diaphragm type high pressure pump .The positive pressure is an operational requirement for the high pressure pump. The high pressure pump discharges the spent carbon slurry at normal system pressure (maximum of 1100 psig) to the inlet of a inner pipe of double pipe heat exchanger Flow from the high pressure pump is adjustable within the design hydraulic operating range of the WAR Unit (10 to 24 gpm) to meet operational requirements. Air required for Wet Air Regeneration, compressed to normal system pressure (max. 1100 psig) by two of three process air compressors is introduced into the system at two locations. These are immediately downstream of the high pressure pump (with the slurry flow) and secondly, directly to the inlet of the reactor. The spent carbon slurry/compressed air mixture flows through the inner pipe of the process heat exchanger where heat is recovered. Heat from the hot reactor products flowing through its outer pipe is transferred to the spent carbon/air mixture within the tubes. Use of this heat exchanger recovers energy that otherwise would be wasted. This enhances the economics of the WAR Unit by lowering the overall energy input requirement. The preheated slurry and air flow from the tube outlet of the process heat exchanger to the tube inlet of the start-up heat exchanger this second heat exchanger supplies additional heat to the slurry/air mixture. Thermic fluid from a heater is circulated through its outer pipe by means of thermic fluid pump .Heat from the fluid is transferred to the incoming (inner side) flow of preheated slurry and air. The flow of thermic fluid through the shell is regulated by appropriate instrumentation to maintain the desired reactor temperature. The preheated slurry/air mixture flows from the start-up heat exchanger tube into the reactor .The mixture enters the reactor bottom, flows upward through four expanded metal baffles and exits the top. The baffles ensure good mixing as the flow passes from bottom to top. During the period of time it takes for this to occur (retention time), chemical reactions (oxidation) take place. These reactions regenerate the powdered activated carbon by destroying the adsorbed biological and other solids. As they occur, the heat is liberated. This heat, which can be observed in the difference between reactor inlet and outlet temperatures, must be controlled by proper selection of process variables. These must







be selected to maximize adsorbed material destruction with minimal loss of carbon. The reactor outlet temperature is controlled by regulation of its inlet temperature. Retention time in the reactor is nominally one hour based upon 20 gpm hydraulic flow rate. To ensure proper regeneration of the powdered activated carbon, a minimum of 3 percent excess oxygen must be present in the process off gases. This holds true regardless of all other parameters. The resultant mixture of oxidized process products (regenerated carbon, water, soluble material and gases) exits the reactor and then flows to the Inlet of outer pipe of the process heat exchanger. The reactor’s outgoing hot oxidized products flow through the process heat exchanger’s shell in the direction opposite to the flow of incoming spent carbon slurry and air. This counter-current flow in the heat exchanger maximizes the transfer of heat from shell to tube products. Under specific operating conditions, the amount of heat generated in the reactor will be sufficient to sustain WAR Unit operation without use of supplemental heat from the start-up heat exchanger. When this occurs, the reactor inlet and hence reactor outlet temperatures will be controlled by exchange of heat in the process heat exchanger or adjustment of spent carbon slurry flow. This is called auto thermal operation. In auto thermal operation, preheated spent carbon and air will merely flow through the tubes of the startup heat exchanger. The reactor inlet temperature will be controlled strictly by heat exchanged within the process heat exchanger. Need for make up carbon addition is indicated by laboratory analysis of the powdered activated carbon/biomass ratio, which should be about 3:2. If this ratio falls below 3:2 virgin carbon addition is indicated. ETP includes the following major units:

WAR Unit with Reactor 1 No

(Titanium Clad Material) .

Exchanger (Titanium-12) 2 Nos

DAF, IAF 1 Each

Clarifiers 2 Nos

High Pressure Air Compressors 3 Nos

Air Blowers 3 Nos

Aeration Tanks 2 Nos

Oil separators 2 Nos

Guard Pond 2 Nos.

Process Flow Diagram for existing WWTP is given in Fig. 2.4.







Fig. 2.4: Process Flow Diagram for existing WWTP







Currently, effluent feed to ETP is in the range of 120 m3/Hr (Post-ISOM scenario). Typical influent quality to the ETP at present is given in Table 2.7:

Table 2.7: Typical influent quality to the ETP

S. No. Parameter Unit Inlet to ETP 1 pH 10.5 2 Total oil content mg/lit 18 3 Phosphates mg/lit <10 4 BOD mg/lit 300 5 COD mg/lit 295 6 Suspended solids mg/lit 20 7 Chlorides mg/lit 118 8 Phenol mg/lit 47 9 Sulfide mg/lit 2.5 10 Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/lit 19

Treated Effluent Quality Treated effluent quality & discharge standard is given in Table 2.8 below:

Table 2.8: Treated effluent quality for existing ETP (2013-14)

Parameter Yearly Average Environment (Protection)

Amendment Rules 2008.

2012-2013 2013-14 2014-15 Limits pH 7.3 7.28 7.27 6-8.5

Oil and Grease, mg/l 2.6 2.13 1.96 5 BOD, mg/l 7.2 7.13 10.58 15 COD, mg/l 43.7 63.13 60.30 125 TSS, mg/l 14.8 11.19 12.58 20

Phenols, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.35 Sulphide, mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5

Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 0.2 Ammonia, mg/l 14 9.52 9.54 15

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) as NH3, mg/l 22 19.29 12.03 40

Total Phosphate as P, mg/l 1.4 1.4 <1 3.0 Hexavalent Chromium as

Cr+6, mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.01 0.1

Total Chromium as Cr, mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.01 2 Lead as Pb, mg/l 0.05 0.05 <0.01 0.1

Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.0001 0.01 Zinc as Zn, mg/l 0.07 0.18 0.17 5

Nickel as Ni, mg/l 0.15 0.16 0.14 1 Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 1

Vanadium, mg/l 0.13 0.03 0.012 0.2 Benzene, mg/l 0.03 0.01 0.012 0.1

Benzo (a) Pyrene, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.2







From Table 2.8, it is evident that the treated effluent quality is meeting the standard limit values

2.3.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECOVERY Hazardous waste generated in the refinery primarily consists of Crude tank bottom sludge, and spent catalyst offloaded from process and utilities. Oil from crude tank bottom sludge is recovered by processing in weathering pit by chemical & mechanical methods of recovery. Steam and kerosene is used as diluents, and recovered oil forms a part of finished product, Furnace Oil. The residual sludge is bio-remediated using Oil Zapper Bacteria to convert the residue into non hazardous waste.

Spent catalyst offloaded from process and utilities during turnarounds is disposed as per Hazardous Wastes (Management Handling & Tran boundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Spent catalyst is sold to authorized metal re-claimers and recyclers. Other spent catalyst is disposed to authorized TSDF (Transportation, Storage and disposal facilities).BPCL Mumbai Refinery is member of two such facilities namely, Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association (TTCWMA), and Mumbai Waste Management Limited (MWML).The following table gives the total hazardous waste generated, and disposed in the last three years. A detail of solid waste is given in Table 2.9 below:

Table 2.9: Solid waste details of Existing Refinery Sr. No

Name/Type of Haz. Waste

Source(s) Treated/Disposed Quantity in MT 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

1 Spent Catalyst

Process Units Disposed to Authorized TSDF for Landfill

196.6 252.3 139.6 159.6 583.19

Authorized Recyclers/Buyback

407.2 342.6 142.2 521.7 474.86

2 Spent Resin

DM Plant/ Process(MTBE)

Disposed to Authorized TSDF for Incineration

12.9 16 35.5 Nil Nil

3 Spent Transformer Oil/Lube oil additive

Transformers in the Refinery

Sale to authorized Recyclers

18 15.7 14.8 16.5 17.2

Quantity in M3 4 Oily Sludge Crude Tank

bottom Treatment by mechanical Chemical methods for Oil Recovery & Bioremediation.

6759 6600 6728 4916 5000

2.3.3 GENERAL

Appropriate systems are in place to recover any accidental oil spillage like provision of oil catchers, installation of rotary disc skimmers, rope mop / hydraulic driven drum skimmers already exist in the refinery.







The proposed DHT project is coming up at the existing Mumbai Refinery (MR) site. There is no additional area under the proposed project. Due to unavailability of land around the existing refinery, BPCL proposes to carry out plantation in and around Mumbai. In the month of November 2014, tree census was carried out at locations around BPCL MR where green belt has been developed. Data indicates that there are 3400 trees in and around the refinery. In addition, around 315 trees are there at the BPCL-Sports club which is adjacent to BPCL MR north boundary and 9100 (including 5000 regenerated) trees in and around BPCL-Staff colony located at 2 km from BPCL MR has good Simson Index of 10 which indicates good diversity of species and contains rich assemblage of species. Diversity of the BPCL colony is the highest. BPCL MR has planted 10000 trees in year 2014 around Mumbai as a part of Green Earth Campaign. In a unique collaborative venture with APMC, green belt of 4 acres was developed by BPCL MR at APMC ( Agricultural Produce Market Committee)Vashi plot no 8 and 10.Total 3000 tree saplings were planted during monsoon of 2014, and same is being maintained by APMC.

2.3.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES ADOPTED AT BPCL MUMBAI REFINERY Some of the major environmental initiatives include: 1389 kms long Mumbai Manmad Mangliya Bijwasan product transport cross country pipeline

commissioned thereby reduction in vehicular emission associated with transportation of products from BPCL MR.

Replacement of 3 no. old Boiler with High Efficiency Boilers (efficiency 94 %) Installation of 4 no. Sulphur Recovery Unit trains with efficiency of 99%. Engineering is in

progress to increase efficiency of SRU to 99.9% by providing Tail Gas Treating Unit (TGTU). Internal aluminium floating roof on tanks on lighter hydrocarbon service and secondary seals

installed in MS, naphtha and crude oil tanks to reduce fugitive emission losses. 3 no. continuous ambient air monitoring stations inside the refinery. Installation of bio gas plant to convert canteen food waste into gas for use in canteen Commissioning of Benzene Vapour Recovery system at TDU loading gantry. Rainwater harvesting project for collection and recycle of rooftop rain water from various

buildings / terraces Membership of M/s. Thane creek waste management association and M/s. Mumbai waste

management Pvt. Ltd. Taloja for secured land fill of solid waste at Navi Mumbai approved by Government of Maharashtra

A Memorandum of Understanding for establishment of Tier-1 oil spill response facility in Mumbai Harbour was signed on 18thFeb 2011 between the port authorities of MbPT and JNPT and a group of eight companies in Chembur area.

Provision of Cover for plant oil catchers at CCU, FCCU, & FPU. Commissioning of flare gas recovery system 125 M height demountable flare commissioned for better dispersion of flare gases 250M3/D capacity sewage treatment plant has been commissioned.

2.3.4.1 Noise Pollution Management System The overall noise levels in and around the plant area have been kept well within the corresponding allowable limits by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. Noise levels are being







monitored regularly through third party appointed by M/s BPCL at various areas within the plant and also outside around the plant boundary.

Noise level monitored values is given in Table 2.10 below:

Table – 2.10 Noise level Monitored for November 2014

2.4 PROCESS DESCRIRPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

Following units and facilities are envisaged under the proposed DHT& associated facility project which will be newly installed/ revamped.

2.4.1 DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT

DHT unit will comprise of Feed stock conditioning section, Reaction Section including Amine absorber, Product separation section, Fuel gas and Naphtha treatment section. The diesel feedstock, including straight-run Light Gas Oil, Heavy Gas Oil, vacuum diesel Kerosene and Naphtha streams from the Crude Distillation Units and Light Cycle oil streams from the Catalytic Cracking units are mixed and filtered to remove insoluble impurities. After removal of free water combined feed stocks will be processed in Reaction Section. Feed stocks are now mixed with hydrogen and heated in preheat exchangers and fired heater to the reaction temperature. The feed mixture is passed over catalyst beds in a reactor with inter-bed hydrogen quench. The Diesel Hydrotreating Unit reduces the levels of sulfur, Nitrogen and other contaminants in diesel fuel products to meet regulatory specifications. Reactor Effluent is cooled in series of preheat exchangers, and mixed with wash water to remove ammonia (NH3) and then separated in Hydrogen Rich gas and Liquid product streams in a separator. The aqueous wash fraction containing some hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is removed in a separator, and routed to the sour water collection system. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in Hydrogen Rich gas is removed in an amine absorber downstream of the separator. The H2S-rich amine from the contactor is regenerated before being returned to the recycle gas scrubber as lean amine. Make up Hydrogen gas through makeup gas compressor and the sweetened gas from the amine absorber is recycled back to the recycle gas compressor at the reaction section inlet. Liquid effluent from the separator is routed to a Product Stripper where distillates and unstabilized naphtha are separated. Unstabilized sour naphtha is routed to Naphtha

Monitored for November 2014 Location Noise Level (dB)

BPCL main gate 66.7 BPCL North gate 59.5 BPCL south gate 62.4 BPCL east gate 64.0

Wicket Gate 72.2







Treatment plant to remove H2S and then routed to other units of the refinery to separate Fuel Gas (FG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Light Naphtha (LN) and Heavy Naphtha (HN). The Diesel product from stripper bottom is sent to storage for blending.

2.4.2 AMINE REGENERATION UNIT

The function of Amine Regeneration units is to remove the acid gases (H2S and CO2) from the rich amine streams produced in the refinery processing units. Rich amine from HP amine absorber, FG Amine Absorber and Naphtha Treatment Plant (NTP) is received in a flash column. Rich amine is allowed to flash in the column to drive off hydrocarbons. Some H2S also gets liberated. The liberated H2S is again absorbed by a slip stream of lean amine solution making counter current contact with liberated gases over a packed bed. From the flash column, the rich amine is routed to amine regenerator, after preheating in lean amine/rich amine exchanger. H2S is removed from amine with the help of steam reboiler. The acid gases (H2S) are routed to the SRU. Lean Amine is recycled back to amine absorbers and NTP.

2.4.3 REVAMP OF HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT-II (HRU-II)

Hydrogen Plant revamp for 30 % (approx.) increase in Hydrogen production is done by utilizing heat available in the process gas at Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) outlet for steam reforming in a heat exchanger type of reactor. In a parallel combination with SMR, 20 - 30 % of the feed is split and taken to heat exchanger type of reactor. A proportion of heat is utilised in the process side which reduces the steam production from the plant. The major advantage of this revamp scheme is increase in hydrogen production without any increase of Fuel / Utility consumption.

2.4.4 SOUR WATER STRIPPER REVAMP

Sour water from DHT unit will be treated in existing two stage SWS Unit after revamp of the same. H2S is stripped off from sour water in first stage column and NH3 is stripped off in second stage column. Both the columns are provided with steam reboiler. H2S is sent to SRU for Sulphur recovery and NH3 is sent to incinerator stack. The stripped water from two stage stripper is sent separately to DHT.

2.4.5 SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT (SRU) REVAMP

To recover sulphur from sour gas generated from DHT unit, revamp of existing SRU units will be done using oxygen enrichment technology for SRU. Oxygen enrichment technology is used in refinery to enhance the capacity of Claus sulphur recovery units. In this process the nitrogen concentration is reduced by increasing oxygen concentration (upto 30-35%) in the combustion air entering the main burner. Reduction of nitrogen in the process gas in the downstream of main combustion chamber reduces pressure drop across the unit. Since the process gas flow reduces, it allows processing of additional acid gases. Besides reduction in process gas flow, the process increases the







temperature of main combustion chamber. High temperature of main combustion chamber helps in direct decomposition of H2S to sulphur and improves overall sulphur recovery. Further BPCL-MR is implementing tail gas treating unit (TGTU) at the downstream of SRU to increase the recovery of sulphur from 99% to 99.9%. The TGT process treats the tail gas coming from the existing two stages Claus unit. Since the Claus tail gas contains H2S and other sulphur bearing compounds like Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Carbonyl sulfide (COS), Carbon disulfide (CS2) and Sulphur (S), the TGT process converts these entire component to H2S catalytically and H2S is recovered from the tail gas by amine. Recovered H2S is returned to the front end of the Claus unit. The H2S absorption process uses highly selective absorbent to absorb H2S from tail gas and ensures minimum slippage of H2S to incinerator.

2.4.6 NEW GAS TURBINE (GT) Heavy duty gas turbine generator (GTG) is used in industries for power generation purpose. GTG set consist of mainly two sections- turbine and compressor sections and generator section. GT operates in Brayton cycle whereas the heat energy of hot flue gases is converted into mechanical energy across turbine. Gas is burned in combustion cans where flue gases generate and pass through the turbine, rotates and produces power through the principle of electromagnetic induction. An automatic voltage regulation system controls and maintains the system voltage at desired level. A state of the art control system called MKV/MKVIe facilitates overall monitoring and control of the operation. The exhaust flue gases coming out of the turbine carry a lot of heat and worth recovering. Hence it is guided through a boiler where steam is produced by heating DM water. Since steam is produced by recovering the heat from exhaust gases, the boiler is called heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). HRSG consist of 4 primary sections – Super Heater (HS), evaporator (EVAP), Economizer (ECO), and make up water heater (MUH) vertically mounted sequentially from GT end to main stack. The incoming DM water stream is preheated in MUH and ECO sections by extracting heat from the flue gas and thus increases efficiency. Steam is produced in the EVAP section and finally it is further heated and superheated in the SH section before final delivery to the grid. Main stack is provided with analysers for stack monitoring, DCS and PLC control systems facilitate monitoring, control and startup – shutdown operations in HRSG.

2.4.7 UTILITIES NETWORK FUEL It is envisaged that the energy requirement of DHT unit and associated facilities will be primarily met from clean and environment friendly RLNG/Refinery fuel Gas (having nil H2S content). However due to uncertainty of availability of RLNG, Bombay High Gas Oil (BHGO) is also envisaged as fuel for new Gas Turbine (GT). As per the preliminary estimate 338 MT/D of RLNG/FG will be required. This requires 47 MT/D RLNG/FG for DHT unit and 291 MT/D of RLNG for new GT. Quantity of BHGO required is estimated to be 338 MT/D.







POWER The power requirement for the proposed facilities is 14.7 MW. This will be sourced from proposed new GT. STEAM Net steam requirement will be around 116 MT/hr which will be met partly from new HRSG and partly from existing steam generation system. COOLING WATER Estimated requirement of environmental friendly closed recirculating raw water system is 2600 m3/hr. This will be met from existing system after confirmation during detailed design. RAW WATER The raw water requirement for the new facilities is approximately 129 m3/hr. This includes make up raw water required for cooling water systems. This requirement shall be met using existing systems after confirmation dusring detailed engineering stage. OTHER UTILITIES & OFFSITES

Requirement of other utilities viz nitrogen, instrument air, plant air, DM water, Boiler feed water, condensate system etc. shall be met using existing systems after confirmation during detailed engineering stage. Adequacy of existing facilities like Closed Blow Down, Oily Water Sewer, and Contaminated Rain Water System, Flare System etc. will be checked during Detail Design Engineering stage. The block flow diagram of DHT unit is provided in Figure-2.5. Overall Layout drawing of the BPCL-Mumbai Refinery showing units for proposed DHT project is attached as Annexure-V.







Figure 2.5: Block flow diagram of DHT unit







2.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED IN DIESEL HYDRO TREATING PROCESS 2.5.1 Reactions

Most of the reactions taking place in the HDS reactor are exothermic. Following reactions take place inside the HDS reactor:

2.5.1.1 Desulfurization reactions

The type of compounds that undergo reactions include mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, thiophenes, benzo-thiophenes and di-benzo-thiophenes. Hydrogen sulfide is formed in the reactor as a result of these reactions. Examples of these reactions are shown below: Mercaptans RSH + H2 RH + H2S Sulphides R-S-R1 + 2H2 RH + R1H + H2S Disulphides R-S-S-R + 3H2 2RH + 2H2S

The amount of hydrogen consumed relative to sulfur in the feed is dependent on the types of sulfur species that are present. At the high degree of desulfurization for which this unit is designed, essentially all of the sulfur species will be converted in the first 50% of the total catalyst volume. Only the sulfur compounds most difficult to remove remain after this point.

2.5.1.2 Denitrogenation reactions

The nitrogen containing organic compounds that are present in the feed are partly converted in the reactors, producing ammonia as by-product. The content of nitrogen compounds is small







compared to sulfur, thus little hydrogen is consumed by these reactions. However, some of the nitrogen compounds are difficult to convert. Examples of the types of denitrogenation reactions occurring in the reactor are shown below:

2.5.1.3 Olefins hydrogenation reactions

Any olefins entering the HDS reactor will be hydrogenated. Examples of these reactions are presented below: Monoolefins R-C=C-R1 + H2 R-C-C-R1 + (isomers) Diolefins R-C=C-C=C-R1 + H2 R-C-C-C=C-R1 + (isomers)

2.5.1.4 Aromatic hydrogenation reactions

The diesel feed to the unit contains aromatic compounds that have one, two or three aromatic rings and associated alkyl groups attached. Under the operating conditions of this unit, part of the mono-aromatic compounds present are hydrogenated, while most of the di- and tri-aromatic compounds present are partially hydrogenated to form mono-aromatics.







Examples of these reactions are presented below:

The reaction of hydrogen with the aromatic compounds present in the feed is reversible. At higher temperatures or at lower hydrogen partial pressure, the rate of the reverse (dehydrogenation) reaction increases relative to the hydrogenation reaction. At the end of run operating conditions, the amount of di- and tri-aromatics in the product will be larger than at the start of run.

2.5.1.5 Hydrocracking reactions

A small amount of hydrocracking reactions occurs in the reactor. The amount of hydrogen consumed by these reactions is small. These hydrocracking reactions are endothermic, but due to the following hydrogenation of the products the overall reaction is exothermic and results in a temperature increase across the reactor. At SOR, when the reactor average temperature is low, very little hydrocracking takes place. As the reactor temperature is increased with time, the rate of hydrocracking also increases. The net result is an increase in light gas (methane, ethane, propane, butane) and naphtha formation as the catalyst ages.

2.5.2 UNIT CAPACITIES

Unit capacities and yields are given in Table- 2.11 below:







Table- 2.11 : Unit capacities under proposed DHT project

Unit Description Existing capacity Proposed Capacity Diesel Hydrotreater Unit New Unit 2.6 MMTPA Revamp of HGU-II 149 MT/D 194 MT/D Revamp of DHDS SWS Unit** 515 MT/D 650 MT/D Revamp of RMP SWS Unit** 600 MT/D 735 MT/D New Amine Regeneration Unit** New Unit 2400 MT/D Revamp of SRU Trains** 250 MT/D 335 MT/D New Gas Turbine (GT) New Unit 34 MW

Catalyst

Details of catalyst / adsorbents are given in Table- 2.12 below:

Table- 2.12: Details of catalyst for proposed DHT project

Sr. No Name/Type of Catalyst Quantity in MT 1st cycle life

(years) 1 Inert topping 4.950 4 2 Hydro De-Metallization TK-711 3.084 4 3 Hydro De-Metallization TK-831 2.720 4 4 Hydro De-Metallization TK-743 3.128 4 5 Hydro DeSulphurisation TK-570 32.640 4 6 Hydro DeSulphurisation TK-578 314.976 4 Total 361.498

2.5.3 PRODUCT YIELD

Production pattern generated post-DHT scenario is given in Table- 2.13 below:

Table 2.13: Product Yield of Refinery (Post-DHT scenario):

Products TPD

Propylene (Chemical Grade) 255 Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1310

Food Grade Hexane 117 Toluene 22

Benzene 120

SBP 30 Combined Naphtha 900 Reliance Naphtha 540

Euro IV MS-with 750 VLI 1934

Euro IV MS-with 950 VLI 4972 LABFS 151

Rturn Kero 0







MTO 300

ATF 2160 E-III Diesel 0

Euro IV Diesel 14304 Navy Grade Diesel 360

LDO 150 LOBS 100 81 LOBS 150 81 LOBS 500 510.3 LOBS 65 67

LOBS 250 16.2 FO-180 Cst 900 FO-380 Cst 3113

Bitumen-VG10 201 Bitumen-VG 30 1800 Refinery Fuel 2205

CCU Coke 98.4 FCC Coke 58

Elemental Sulphur 164.9

The above is a typical production pattern of the finished product. This will vary based on Govt. directive, petroleum product demand in country, crude mix availability and processing requirements.

2.5.4 STORAGE OF RAW MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS

Storage facilities in proposed DHT project are given in Table 2.14 below:

Table 2.14: Storage details of Refinery (Post-DHT scenario):

S.No. Name of Tank Capacity (MT) 1. CRUDE 539930 2. METHANOL 374 3. PROPYLENE 1760 4. LPG 5400 5. MS 90917 6. NAPHTHA 55282.5 7. BENZENE 3223 8. TOLUENE 666 9. HEXANE 1380 10. SBP(55-115) 1332 11. MTO 3082 12. ATF 39511 13. SKO 35611 14. HSD 109595 15. MTBE 342







16. LDO 22079 17. FO 58138 18. LSHS 18627 19. BITUMEN 9541 20. LUBE OIL 21265

2.5.5 Refinery Sulphur balance

Sulfur in the crude gets distributed into the refinery products, elemental sulfur, product intermediate stocks, fuels etc. Typical sulfur balance is given below in Table 2.15 & Fig. 2.6:

Table 2.15: Sulphur Balance for post-DHT scenario

Sulphur (MT/D) % of Sulphur in product INPUT

Crude Thruput 420.8 100% OUTPUT Sulfur (MT/D) %

Products Light Distillates 0.5 0.14% Products Middle Distillates 10.0 1.58%

Products Heavy Ends 241.6 55.60% Elemental Sulfur 164.9 41.60%

Refinery Fuel & Flare 3.8 1.08% 420.8 100.00%

Fig. 2.6: Sulphur Balance of Refinery- Post DHT Scenario







2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

Environmental parameters like air, water, and land environment for proposed project have been discussed below.

2.6.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 2.6.1.1 STACK DETAILS AND AIR EMMISSIONS

In proposed DHT project, two new stacks are envisaged, one for furnace of DHT and other one for GT+HRSG. The details of stack emissions from proposed DHT project is given below in Table 2.16.

Table- 2.16: Details of stack emissions (SO2 & NOX) for DHT project


For the proposed project, steam requirement will be around 116 m3/hr which will be met partly from new HRSG and partly from existing steam generation system. Estimated requirement of recirculating cooling water is 2600 m3/hr which will be met from existing system. Total additional fresh raw water requirement for the proposed project shall be 3100 m3/day (129 m3/hr). This additional fresh raw water will be met by conserving and recycling of water inside the refiney. Condensate recovery system, steam trap management and Roof top Rain water harvesting has been commissioned at various locations inside the refinery for resource conservation. Treated effluent from ETP is recycled and reused for cooling make up water purposes. Sea water is used in existing refinery as fire water and for process cooling purposes. Total raw water demand post DHT project will be around 16500 m3/day which is within the allocated limit. A Water balance diagram of Refinery (Post DHT Project Scenario) is given in Fig. 2.7

S. No. Stack Flue Gas Flow (Nm3/Hr)

NOx MT/D

SO2 MT/D

1 DHT furnace 36495 0.14 0 2 GT+HRSG 350000 1.2 0

Total 1.34 0







Fig. 2.7: Water Balance Diagram for BPCL - Mumbai Refinery- Post DHT Project Senario







2.6.3 WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

In the proposed DHT project, there will be additional liquid effluent (35 m3/hr) generation due to process, floor wash, any other drain flow. The effluent will be routed to existing ETP. Presently the effluent coming to ETP is 120 m3/hr whereas the ETP is designed to handle 240 m3/hr of effluent flow. Hence, the existing ETP can handle and treat the additional effluent effectively. Hence, no new ETP is envisaged for the proposed project.

2.6.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECOVERY All construction and demolition wastes shall be managed as part of Construction management plan by the construction contractor. The demolition waste will be suitably used for leveling / road filling with no impact on environment.

Details of solid waste (spent catalyst) for DHT Unit based are tabulated below in Table 2.17

Table 2.17: Solid waste details of DHT Project

Sr. No Name/Type of Catalyst Quantity in MT 1st cycle life (years)

1 Inert topping 4.950 4 2 Hydro De-Metallization TK-711 3.084 4 3 Hydro De-Metallization TK-831 2.720 4 4 Hydro De-Metallization TK-743 3.128 4 5 Hydro DeSulphurisation TK-570 32.640 4 6 Hydro DeSulphurisation TK-578 314.976 4 Total 361.498

From proposed DHT project, approximately 361.5 MT of spent catalyst will be generated in every 4 years. The spent catalyst will be sold or recycled as per existing practices. All statutory rules / guidelines of MoEFCC / CPCB will be complied prior to recycle, reclamation or sale of spent catalyst. There is no additional generation of crude tank bottom sludge or any oily sludge, as the existing storage and offsite facilities will be used.







CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT







3.1. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

The baseline data forms the basis for predicting/assessing the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The data has been collected around refinery site during the period of January, 2013- April, 2013 by M/s Netel (INDIA) Ltd, Thane, Mumbai which is MoEF approved environmental laboratory. The baseline data for various environmental components related Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Level, Traffic Density, Soil, Meteorology and Socio-Economic Data were monitored and collected in an area of 10 km radius from the plant site. The latest ambient air and water quality monitoring data collected during April, 2014 – March, 2015 inside the refinery are attached as Annexure-I. The baseline status of various environmental components collected is described in the following sections.

3.2. MICRO – METEOROLOGY

To record the prevailing meteorological conditions at the site, a meteorological observatory was set up at a height 10m above the ground level at the BPCL project site. The micro-meteorological parameters of interest in the context of Impact Assessment are wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, ambient temperature and rainfall. This meteorological data is also required to predict the ground level concentrations of different air pollutants like NOX emitted from different process units of proposed Refinery units. A brief summary of the micro-meteorological parameters, recorded on continuous basis, is given below:

3.2.1. WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION

The data for wind speed and direction were recorded every hour round the clock during the three month period. The wind rose diagram for 01 to 24 hrs, based on wind data monitored for the study period is presented in Figure. 3.1. During the study period the predominant wind directions were observed from North West, North, South west.

3.2.2. TEMPERATURE

The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period was 17 °C and 37 °C respectively.







FIGURE 3.1 - WIND ROSE DIAGRAM







3.3. AIR ENVIRONMENT A systematically designed air quality surveillance programme forms the basis for impact assessment on air environment due to proposed/revamp Project. The basic consideration for designing such a programme includes representative selection of sampling locations, adequate sampling frequency, duration of monitoring and monitoring of all relevant and important pollution parameters. The parameters selected for air quality are Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Total Hydrocarbons (Methane & Non-methane). Five AAQ monitoring stations were selected in the study area. The locations and bearing of AAQ monitoring stations are listed in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 - Locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Sr. No. LOCATION Distance in km from Refinery

Direction form Refinery

1 Estate Office (at BPCL Colony) 2.5 NNE

2 Mysore Colony 0.9 North

3 Gawangaon 0.6 SE

4 Bhakti Park 3.0 NW

5 IOCL Colony Govandi 5.7 NNE 3.3.1. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

As mentioned earlier, in order to obtain baseline air quality status, total five air quality monitoring stations were set up. The locations were identified considering the location of human settlements and predominant wind directions in the area. Air samples were collected round the clock and analyzed for PM10, PM2.5. SO2, NOX, CO,O3 and Total Hydrocarbons (Methane & Non-methane). The methods used for quantification of pollutants are summarized in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 - Methods of Monitoring Ambient Air Quality

Sr. Pollutant Code Of Practice Methods Of Measurement

Minimum Detectable

Limit

1 Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or PM10 IS-5182 (PART-

23):2006 & CPCB Guidelines

Gravimetric

4 µg/m3

2 Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or PM2.5

4 µg/m3







Sr. Pollutant Code Of Practice Methods Of Measurement

Minimum Detectable

Limit

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

IS-5182 (Part-II):2001 & CPCB Guidelines

Improved West and Geake 3 µg/m3

4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

IS-5182 (Part-VI): 2006 & CPCB Guidelines

Modified Jacob &Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite)

3 µg/m3

5 Ozone (O3) IS-5182 (Part-IX):1974 & CPCB Guidelines

Spectrophotometric Method 1 µg/m3

6 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

IS: 5182 (Part-X) & CPCB Guidelines

Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) spectroscopy

0.01 mg/m3

7 Hydrocarbon (Methane & Non-methane)

IS: 5182 (Part-Xl) Gas Chromatography

100 µg/m3

8 Benzene (C6H6) IS-5182 (Part-XI):2006 & CPCB Guidelines

0.5 µg/m3

9 Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) – particulate phase only,

IS-5182 (Part-XII):2004 & CPCB Guidelines

Solvent extraction followed by HPLC analysis

0.5ng/m3

Collected ambient air quality data for all 5 locations is given in Table 3.12. A brief summary of all recorded parameters is given in the following subsections.

3.3.2. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)

A summary of the recorded values for PM10 is given in Table 3.3. From the Table 3.3, it can be observed that the 98 percentile values of monitoring data for residential areas are lower than the prescribed limit of 100 g/m3, as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for residential/industrial areas. Table 3.3 - Ambient Air Quality for PM10 at Various Monitoring Stations

S. No Location Concentration in g/m3 Minimum Maximum Average 98 percentile

1. Estate Office (at BPCL Colony)

48.2 65.2 60.58 63.42

2. Mysore Colony 48.9 75.1 59.85 74.92 3. Gawangaon 48.2 61.8 54.30 60.74 4. Bhakti Park 47.8 74.4 60.57 74.35 5. IOCL Colony

Govandi 45.2 67.9 52.39 63.25







3.3.3. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)

From the summary of recorded values of PM2.5 as listed in Table 3.4. The 98 percentile values, which were recorded, for industrial and residential area, were found lower than the prescribed limit of 60 g/m3 respectively as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for residential/industrial areas.

Table 3.4 - Ambient Air Quality for PM2.5 at Various Monitoring Stations

S. No Location Concentration in g/m3

Minimum Maximum Average 98 percentile 1. Estate Office (at

BPCL Colony) 17.2 25.1 20.26 22.80


Govandi 16.7 23.6 19.16 23.55

3.3.4. SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

During the monitoring period, the average concentration of Sulfur di-oxide ranged between 13.6 to 17.65 g/m3 as shown in Table 3.5. The 98 percentile values, for residential and industrial area, computed were found well below the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3 as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial/residential.

Table 3.5 - Ambient Air Quality for SO2 at Various Monitoring Stations



9.2 13.8 11.72 13.80


Govandi 8.0 12.6 10.22 12.37

3.3.5. OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX)

The statistical summary of ambient air quality in terms of NOx at various monitoring stations is given in Table 3.6. The 98 percentile values, for residential and industrial area, computed were found well below the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3 as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial/residential areas.







Table 3.6 - Ambient Air Quality for NOX at Various Monitoring Stations

3.3.6. CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

The statistical summary of ambient air quality in terms of CO at various monitoring stations is given in Table 3.7. The 98 percentile values, for residential and industrial area, computed were found well below the prescribed limit of 2 mg/m3 as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial/residential areas.

Table 3.7 - Ambient Air Quality for CO at Various Monitoring Stations

S. No Location Concentration in mg/m3 Minimum Maximum Average 98 percentile


0.428 1.066 0.728 0.979


Govandi 0.371 1.139 0.734 1.027

3.3.7. METHANE HYDROCARBONS (MHC)

The ambient air quality in terms of Methane Hydrocarbons was monitored based on 8 hours average samples and shown in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 - Ambient Air Quality for MHC at Various Monitoring Stations



BPCL Colony) 502 721 603.0 591.0

2. Mysore Colony 559 791 677.3 790.1 3. Gawangaon 553 783 675.9 778.9 4. Bhakti Park 574 849 712.0 847.6 5. IOCL Colony

Govandi 557 847 716.5 834.1



14.2 21.3 18.08 20.78


Govandi 13.5 21.4 15.79 21.08







3.3.8. NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS (NMHC) The ambient air quality in terms of Non-Methane Hydrocarbons was monitored based on 8 hours average samples. During the monitoring period, all the observed concentrations found to be below Detectable Limit (<100 g/m3) indicating less fluctuations of this pollutant in the study area.

3.3.9. BENZENE The ambient air quality in terms of Benzene was monitored based on 8 hours samples and shown in Table 3.9. The 98 percentile values computed were found below 5 g/m3 as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial/residential areas.

Table 3.9 - Ambient Air Quality for Benzene at Various Monitoring Stations

3.3.10. BENZO (O) PYRINE (B-a-P)

The ambient air quality in terms of Benzo (O) Pyrine (B-a-P) was monitored based on 8 hours average samples. During the monitoring period, all the observed concentrations found to be below Detectable Limit (< 0.5 g/m3) indicating less fluctuations of this pollutant in the study area.

3.3.11. OZONE (O3)

The ambient air quality in terms of Benzene was monitored based on 8 hours samples and shown in Table 3.10. The 98 percentile values computed were found below 5 g/m3 as given in National Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial/residential areas.

Table 3.10 - Ambient Air Quality for Ozone at Various Monitoring Stations



BPCL Colony) 3.8 12.0 7.73 11.62


Govandi 4.1 12.6 7.91 11.00

S. No Location Concentration in g/m3 Minimum Maximum Average 98

percentile 1. Estate Office (at BPCL

Colony) 1.41 2.81 2.10 2.74

2. Mysore Colony 1.44 2.59 2.02 2.59 3. Gawangaon 1.46 2.62 2.02 2.61 4. Bhakti Park 1.54 2.34 1.91 2.32 5. IOCL Colony Govandi 1.41 2.36 1.77 2.26







Summary The 98 percentile values at various monitoring stations for gaseous pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, HC (Methane and Non-Methane), Benzene, Benzo (O) Pyrine (B-a-P) and Ozone were found well below the National Ambient Air Quality standards for residential/industrial areas.

Table 3.11 - National Ambient Air Quality Standards (As gazetted on 18thNov, 2009 at New Delhi)

Sl. No.

Pollutant Time Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Industrial,

Residential, Rural and

Other Area

Ecologically Sensitive

Area (notified by

Central Government)

Method of Measurement

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),

μg/m3 Annual*

24 hourly** 50 80

20 80

-Improved West Gaeke - Ultraviolet fluorence

2. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), μg/m3

Annual* 24 hourly**

40 80

30 80

- Modified Jaecob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) Chemiluminescence

3. Particulate Matter (size less than 10 μg)

or PM10 μg/m3

Annual* 24 hourly**

60 100

60 100

-Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

4. Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 μg)

or PM2.5 μg/m3

Annual* 24 hourly**

40 60

40 60

-Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

5. Ozone (O3) μg/m3

8 hourly** 1 hourly**

100 180

100 180

- UV Photometric - Chemilminescence - Chemical method

6. Lead (Pb) μg/m3

Annual* 24 hourly**

0.50 1.0

0.50 1.0

AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper

7. Carbon Monoxide(CO)

mg/m3

8 hourly** 1 hourly**

02 04

02 04

- Non Dispersive Infra red (NDIR) spectroscopy

8. Ammonia (NH3) μg/m3

Annual* 24 hourly**

100 400

100 400

- Chemilminescence - Indophenol blue method

9. Benzene (C6 H6) μg/m3

Annual*

05 05 - Gas Chromatography based continuous analyzer - Adsorption & Desorption followed by GC anlysis.

10. Benzo (O)Pyrine (BaP) Annual* 01 01 Solvent extraction







– particulate phase only, μg/m3

followed by HPLC/GC analysis

11. Arsenic (As), μg/m3

Annual*

06 06 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper

12. Nickel (Ni), μg/m3

Annual*

20 20 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper

* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. ** 24 Hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year, 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

Note – Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigations.”







Table 3.12: Collected Ambient Air Quality data at 5 locations Location :BPCL Colony

Date of Monitoring WEEK PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX

HC O3 C6H6

CO B-(a)-P Methane Non-

Methane 0600 - 1400

1400 - 2200

2200 - 0600

0600 - 1400

1400 - 2200

2200 - 0600

(µg/m3) mg/m3 ng/m3 18/01/2013 I 55.0 21.8 9.6 19.2 663 <100 10.6 9.2 4.1 1.93 0.844 0.833 0.573 <0.5 22/01/2013 49.0 17.2 9.2 17.1 705 <100 8.1 11.1 3.8 2.31 0.908 0.765 0.442 <0.5 24/01/2013 II 57.9 21.0 13.4 18.3 676 <100 10.5 7.9 4.6 1.53 1.006 0.834 0.508 <0.5 29/01/2013 56.0 21.1 12.5 15.5 616 <100 9.3 8.3 3.9 1.91 0.772 0.883 0.479 <0.5 31/01/2013 III 65.1 21.7 11.9 19.3 596 <100 11.1 8.0 3.8 1.96 0.876 0.989 0.428 <0.5 05/02/2013 56.8 20.7 13.7 18.6 703 <100 9.2 7.3 4.1 1.51 1.009 1.000 0.666 <0.5 07/02/2013 IV 51.9 18.6 11.9 16.0 592 <100 7.2 10.3 4.0 1.74 1.024 0.937 0.544 <0.5 12/02/2013 56.8 19.8 13.5 20.9 644 <100 8.8 8.7 5.1 2.06 1.006 0.920 0.712 <0.5 14/02/2013 V 51.9 20.7 13.8 14.2 631 <100 10.8 7.6 4.8 1.81 1.004 0.738 0.687 <0.5 19/02/2013 60.9 23.7 10.2 16.6 663 <100 7.4 9.2 3.9 1.73 1.019 1.041 0.495 <0.5 21/02/2013 VI 62.8 20.8 10.4 21.1 701 <100 6.9 7.3 4.6 2.00 0.787 0.741 0.561 <0.5 26/02/2013 50.6 17.2 12.8 15.1 729 <100 10.4 10.8 5.1 2.56 1.065 1.007 0.557 <0.5 28/02/2013 VII 48.7 17.7 9.4 19.0 646 <100 7.6 7.7 5.6 2.60 0.738 0.827 0.651 <0.5 05/03/2013 65.2 22.7 10.4 14.6 573 <100 9.5 11.0 4.5 2.63 1.003 1.001 0.628 <0.5 07/03/2013 VIII 57.9 24.1 11.9 18.0 601 <100 8.0 10.7 5.5 2.42 1.005 0.875 0.496 <0.5 12/03/2013 57.9 23.4 12.3 21.3 686 <100 9.1 10.1 5.2 1.41 0.920 0.697 0.556 <0.5 14/03/2013 IX 57.6 20.1 13.8 16.2 637 <100 10.9 8.7 5.3 2.05 1.002 0.797 0.776 <0.5 19/03/2013 49.6 24.9 11.6 17.6 709 <100 8.4 9.5 4.0 1.97 1.005 1.024 0.554 <0.5 21/03/2013 X 49.6 25.1 10.1 20.9 721 <100 7.2 8.3 5.2 2.28 0.850 0.852 0.628 <0.5 26/03/2013 49.6 18.9 13.2 16.2 707 <100 11.1 12.0 5.4 2.51 1.054 1.008 0.629 <0.5 28/03/2013 XI 48.2 18.6 10.2 19.8 646 <100 8.5 8.5 5.4 2.60 0.760 0.885 0.664 <0.5 02/04/2013 50.6 25.2 10.2 14.5 502 <100 9.3 10.7 5.0 2.81 0.973 1.006 0.672 <0.5 04/04/2013 XII 50.6 25.0 12.3 17.8 685 <100 8.0 12.0 6.1 2.66 1.066 0.849 0.565 <0.5 09/04/2013 50.6 24.9 12.9 20.3 782 <100 9.2 9.8 6.0 1.47 0.920 0.795 0.556 <0.5

CPCB Limits 100.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 – – 100.0 5.00 2.000 1.0 Minimum 48.2 17.2 9.2 14.2 502 <100 3.8 1.41 0.428 <0.5 Maximum 65.2 25.1 13.8 21.3 721 <100 12.0 2.81 1.066 <0.5 Average 60.58 20.26 11.72 18.08 603.0 – 7.73 2.10 0.728 –

98th Percentile 63.42 22.80 13.80 20.78 591.0 – 11.62 2.74 0.979 –

Location :Mysore Colony


HC O3 C6H6


Methane 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600

(µg/m3) mg/m3 ng/m3 18/01/2013

I 59.7 19.8 14.0 20.3 764 <100 7.1 7.6 5.4 1.69 1.112 1.011 0.725 <0.5

22/01/2013 63.6 24.0 9.6 21.2 632 <100 9.5 8.2 5.6 2.21 0.665 0.881 0.405 <0.5







24/01/2013

II 56.2 19.6 10.4 19.5 694 <100 7.4 9.2 3.8 2.41 0.882 0.930 0.480 <0.5

29/01/2013 63.0 24.5 11.1 17.6 724 <100 11.0 10.4 4.9 1.44 0.993 0.859 0.628 <0.5 31/01/2013

III 50.6 17.0 13.8 20.6 569 <100 7.9 8.4 4.3 2.43 0.976 0.655 0.487 <0.5

05/02/2013 50.9 17.0 10.0 14.8 791 <100 8.6 10.9 6.0 1.83 0.957 1.032 0.499 <0.5 07/02/2013

IV 68.3 23.8 10.7 16.8 672 <100 7.2 8.6 4.6 2.37 1.067 0.706 0.626 <0.5

12/02/2013 56.4 18.7 10.7 15.3 575 <100 8.3 9.0 4.8 2.59 0.750 0.985 0.531 <0.5 14/02/2013

V 68.5 25.3 9.1 18.4 634 <100 7.3 7.7 4.8 1.76 1.132 1.066 0.533 <0.5

19/02/2013 69.5 24.3 9.8 17.0 734 <100 10.1 7.2 5.1 2.13 0.913 0.881 0.709 <0.5 21/02/2013

VI 52.9 20.5 9.9 20.5 759 <100 11.1 8.4 6.0 1.67 0.985 0.938 0.506 <0.5

26/02/2013 58.8 22.4 12.1 17.8 565 <100 10.8 9.5 4.9 2.56 0.943 1.040 0.416 <0.5 28/02/2013

VII 55.2 18.2 9.0 19.5 671 <100 11.1 8.0 3.9 1.72 0.833 0.838 0.566 <0.5

05/03/2013 63.5 25.2 11.1 17.5 648 <100 11.1 7.1 5.2 1.64 1.121 0.909 0.497 <0.5 07/03/2013

VIII 56.1 20.1 10.1 13.9 686 <100 7.1 8.0 4.5 2.45 0.763 1.019 0.699 <0.5

12/03/2013 48.9 16.4 9.5 20.9 624 <100 7.2 7.4 5.6 1.61 0.887 0.988 0.529 <0.5 14/03/2013

IX 74.7 24.8 9.8 19.0 672 <100 7.3 8.2 5.2 1.81 1.200 1.023 0.544 <0.5

19/03/2013 75.1 25.5 10.5 16.3 763 <100 9.8 7.1 5.3 2.26 0.931 0.846 0.752 <0.5 21/03/2013

X 57.7 19.9 9.7 21.7 789 <100 11.4 8.1 6.1 1.67 0.985 0.957 0.546 <0.5

26/03/2013 58.2 23.3 12.6 18.3 559 <100 10.4 10.0 5.2 2.59 0.934 1.009 0.437 <0.5 28/03/2013

XI 53.5 17.8 8.8 18.7 705 <100 10.7 8.1 4.0 1.84 0.908 0.804 0.572 <0.5

02/04/2013 67.9 27.0 10.8 18.9 687 <100 11.0 7.6 5.5 1.69 1.188 0.873 0.477 <0.5 04/04/2013

XII 53.9 21.1 10.1 13.5 707 <100 7.2 8.2 4.7 2.57 0.824 1.070 0.699 <0.5

09/04/2013 53.3 15.9 9.9 20.5 630 <100 7.3 7.8 5.3 1.59 0.860 1.067 0.571 <0.5 CPCB Limits 100.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 – – 100.0 5.00 2.000 1.0

Minimum 48.9 15.9 8.8 13.5 559 <100 3.8 1.44 0.405 <0.5 Maximum 75.1 27.0 14.0 21.7 791 <100 11.4 2.59 1.200 <0.5 Average 59.85 21.34 10.55 18.27 677.3 – 7.49 2.02 0.814 –

98th Percentile 74.92 26.31 13.91 21.47 790.1 – 11.10 2.59 1.164 – Location :Gawangaon


HC O3 C6H6


Methane 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600

(µg/m3) mg/m3 ng/m3 18/01/2013

I 59.5 22.3 12.9 18.7 603 <100 9.3 9.5 5.0 2.29 1.111 0.904 0.632 <0.5

21/01/2013 48.7 17.1 13.2 20.7 774 <100 9.7 7.6 4.4 1.92 1.106 0.778 0.522 <0.5 24/01/2013

II 48.2 18.2 10.5 22.0 756 <100 8.7 8.1 5.1 2.14 0.953 0.785 0.528 <0.5

28/01/2013 52.1 19.7 13.8 18.9 613 <100 10.2 7.2 6.2 1.95 0.709 0.754 0.480 <0.5 31/01/2013

III 51.3 19.3 11.2 13.9 608 <100 7.6 9.4 4.6 1.46 0.750 0.887 0.548 <0.5

04/02/2013 50.2 19.1 13.7 18.3 601 <100 9.4 6.9 6.1 1.55 0.751 0.720 0.626 <0.5 07/02/2013

IV 61.8 22.9 11.0 16.5 728 <100 9.7 9.2 4.5 2.14 0.689 1.099 0.614 <0.5

11/02/2013 58.3 19.7 13.4 16.4 738 <100 8.6 9.0 4.8 1.64 0.749 0.667 0.638 <0.5 15/02/2013

V 57.2 20.9 10.2 20.7 753 <100 9.8 10.2 6.1 2.62 0.755 0.690 0.506 <0.5

18/02/2013 52.0 20.6 10.0 18.9 664 <100 8.5 9.0 6.2 1.92 0.912 0.797 0.420 <0.5 22/02/2013

VI 54.8 21.0 9.5 16.0 591 <100 10.3 6.9 4.8 2.54 1.005 0.918 0.601 <0.5

25/02/2013 53.5 21.4 13.0 15.7 576 <100 7.7 9.7 5.7 2.37 1.011 0.735 0.664 <0.5 01/03/2013

VII 58.7 23.4 12.7 16.0 709 <100 10.1 10.0 6.1 1.98 0.864 0.918 0.445 <0.5

04/03/2013 58.0 22.1 10.8 18.6 742 <100 7.1 10.0 5.2 1.65 1.115 0.959 0.446 <0.5 08/03/2013

VIII 54.8 21.3 11.3 20.5 698 <100 10.1 9.3 5.5 1.70 0.816 1.050 0.675 <0.5

11/03/2013 55.0 18.4 10.8 17.6 675 <100 10.5 7.4 4.6 1.99 1.098 0.815 0.633 <0.5







15/03/2013

IX 54.9 21.5 9.7 21.5 783 <100 9.0 10.2 5.7 2.38 0.710 0.628 0.481 <0.5

18/03/2013 48.9 20.2 9.4 19.7 644 <100 8.8 9.1 5.7 1.73 0.903 0.757 0.378 <0.5 22/03/2013

X 53.7 18.9 9.4 16.3 597 <100 10.2 6.5 4.6 2.59 1.015 0.872 0.613 <0.5

25/03/2013 49.2 20.8 13.3 15.5 553 <100 7.5 8.8 5.2 2.39 0.920 0.676 0.691 <0.5 29/03/2013

XI 58.7 22.7 13.0 16.3 652 <100 9.2 9.4 6.3 2.06 0.795 0.845 0.432 <0.5

01/04/2013 52.8 19.9 10.7 17.3 742 <100 7.2 9.4 5.1 1.72 1.137 0.978 0.455 <0.5 05/04/2013

XII 56.4 20.9 10.6 18.7 719 <100 9.2 8.7 5.1 1.75 0.808 0.977 0.628 <0.5

08/04/2013 54.5 16.7 11.0 18.0 702 <100 10.9 6.9 4.2 2.01 1.131 0.782 0.608 <0.5 CPCB Limits 100.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 – – 100.0 5.00 2.000 1.0


98th Percentile 60.74 23.17 13.75 21.77 778.9 – 10.42 2.61 1.124 – Location :Bhakti Park


HC O3 C6H6 CO B-(a)-P Methane Non-

Methane 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600

(µg/m3) mg/m3 ng/m3 19/01/2013

I 52.6 18.9 9.1 14.4 644 <100 10.5 9.6 6.0 2.10 0.930 0.699 0.498 <0.5

21/01/2013 74.3 24.7 8.4 13.6 708 <100 9.5 6.9 4.8 1.71 0.836 0.675 0.442 <0.5 25/01/2013

II 63.8 24.0 9.4 17.6 614 <100 10.9 7.3 5.6 1.96 0.999 0.872 0.558 <0.5

28/01/2013 67.2 23.6 9.2 15.0 579 <100 10.8 10.1 3.9 2.15 1.045 1.046 0.577 <0.5 01/02/2013

III 52.4 17.9 11.0 15.4 713 <100 10.3 9.7 5.7 1.69 0.992 0.856 0.570 <0.5

04/02/2013 67.6 22.5 11.3 12.9 624 <100 9.3 7.1 5.6 1.54 0.733 0.897 0.548 <0.5 08/02/2013

IV 68.4 22.8 9.0 17.4 849 <100 7.4 9.1 4.3 2.10 0.990 0.920 0.441 <0.5

11/02/2013 63.3 25.1 10.7 14.5 619 <100 10.1 7.8 5.6 1.93 0.714 0.841 0.366 <0.5 15/02/2013

V 58.2 19.3 11.3 15.8 839 <100 9.0 9.8 5.8 1.60 0.714 0.843 0.432 <0.5

18/02/2013 48.5 19.3 8.4 15.8 666 <100 10.0 7.2 3.8 1.67 1.015 0.817 0.556 <0.5 22/02/2013

VI 64.3 24.8 8.9 16.9 769 <100 10.2 7.9 4.6 1.86 0.972 0.913 0.467 <0.5

25/02/2013 47.8 18.1 8.2 14.2 736 <100 9.7 10.0 4.0 2.13 0.891 1.042 0.464 <0.5 01/03/2013

VII 70.9 25.8 10.6 16.7 780 <100 9.3 9.3 6.1 1.58 0.810 0.659 0.534 <0.5

04/03/2013 65.9 21.9 8.9 14.7 720 <100 7.1 10.5 4.7 2.11 0.831 0.733 0.531 <0.5 08/03/2013

VIII 59.5 22.6 10.2 15.3 580 <100 7.5 9.5 4.4 2.16 0.661 1.015 0.374 <0.5

11/03/2013 47.8 18.9 10.4 14.2 677 <100 8.8 8.6 5.2 1.98 0.772 0.924 0.386 <0.5 15/03/2013

IX 58.2 18.9 11.3 15.0 831 <100 9.3 10.1 5.8 1.63 0.728 0.902 0.445 <0.5

18/03/2013 52.4 19.5 8.8 16.4 706 <100 11.0 7.5 3.7 1.65 1.096 0.866 0.556 <0.5 22/03/2013

X 70.7 24.6 9.6 17.1 846 <100 10.3 7.7 4.8 1.84 1.040 0.886 0.448 <0.5

25/03/2013 49.7 19.5 8.2 14.5 802 <100 9.3 9.9 4.0 2.34 0.944 1.105 0.459 <0.5 29/03/2013

XI 74.4 25.5 10.1 18.0 780 <100 9.2 8.9 6.2 1.63 0.778 0.705 0.577 <0.5

01/04/2013 62.6 24.1 8.7 15.7 713 <100 7.7 11.4 4.9 2.30 0.914 0.711 0.536 <0.5 05/04/2013

XII 62.5 24.9 11.1 14.5 574 <100 8.2 10.0 4.9 2.29 0.701 0.985 0.355 <0.5

08/04/2013 50.7 20.2 10.0 14.1 718 <100 9.6 9.2 5.3 1.92 0.741 0.970 0.367 <0.5 CPCB Limits 100.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 – – 100.0 5.00 2.000 1.0


98th Percentile 74.35 25.66 11.30 17.82 847.6 – 10.96 2.32 1.075 –







Location :IOCL Colony Govandi


HC O3 C6H6


Methane 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600 0600 - 1400 1400 - 2200 2200 - 0600

(µg/m3) mg/m3 ng/m3 19/01/2013

I 53.9 20.3 10.8 16.6 769 <100 9.5 8.4 4.6 1.79 0.997 0.786 0.406 <0.5

21/01/2013 51.7 19.6 11.8 14.7 780 <100 10.1 7.7 4.1 2.04 0.912 0.848 0.551 <0.5 25/01/2013

II 54.4 20.7 8.0 14.2 738 <100 10.6 8.7 6.0 2.15 0.711 0.803 0.377 <0.5

28/01/2013 50.9 18.0 10.4 16.9 847 <100 10.7 10.8 5.0 1.65 0.816 0.791 0.436 <0.5 01/02/2013

III 67.9 23.6 11.1 13.5 605 <100 8.6 10.5 5.6 1.68 0.982 0.895 0.371 <0.5

04/02/2013 53.2 18.2 10.8 15.6 784 <100 11.0 7.5 4.1 1.77 0.996 0.979 0.486 <0.5 08/02/2013

IV 49.6 18.2 11.0 14.8 819 <100 7.0 7.0 4.4 1.88 1.028 0.972 0.451 <0.5

11/02/2013 51.0 20.4 12.1 15.2 757 <100 8.6 9.9 5.7 1.55 0.961 0.929 0.429 <0.5 15/02/2013

V 51.6 17.1 8.0 13.7 614 <100 8.4 9.2 4.9 1.87 0.766 0.833 0.492 <0.5

18/02/2013 48.3 19.2 9.0 17.1 698 <100 10.8 11.0 5.1 1.44 0.894 0.950 0.387 <0.5 22/02/2013

VI 53.5 20.6 10.8 15.6 729 <100 9.2 10.8 4.8 2.11 1.026 0.716 0.465 <0.5

25/02/2013 49.3 17.0 10.0 18.0 600 <100 9.1 8.0 5.7 1.42 0.657 0.800 0.488 <0.5 01/03/2013

VII 45.2 17.4 11.9 17.4 749 <100 8.0 7.7 4.3 1.84 0.670 0.987 0.411 <0.5

04/03/2013 48.6 16.7 9.0 14.2 782 <100 9.3 7.3 5.3 1.41 0.763 0.854 0.551 <0.5 08/03/2013

VIII 47.9 18.1 8.9 13.6 717 <100 8.6 8.7 4.9 1.41 0.760 0.824 0.528 <0.5

11/03/2013 53.5 18.8 10.9 14.9 557 <100 10.5 8.7 5.8 2.11 0.799 0.875 0.516 <0.5 15/03/2013

IX 48.0 19.2 8.6 14.4 632 <100 9.7 10.9 5.4 1.80 0.904 0.841 0.492 <0.5

18/03/2013 53.1 19.0 8.5 16.8 670 <100 10.4 10.8 5.7 1.41 0.894 0.922 0.457 <0.5 22/03/2013

X 57.8 23.5 12.6 15.8 758 <100 8.6 10.6 5.1 2.36 1.139 0.730 0.442 <0.5

25/03/2013 57.2 16.8 10.3 21.4 612 <100 9.6 8.4 5.3 1.42 0.611 0.864 0.454 <0.5 29/03/2013

XI 50.2 20.0 11.3 20.7 742 <100 9.4 9.0 4.4 2.15 0.697 0.928 0.436 <0.5

01/04/2013 50.1 16.7 9.1 14.9 813 <100 9.5 8.7 5.9 1.65 0.900 0.991 0.573 <0.5 05/04/2013

XII 53.2 19.5 8.8 14.0 782 <100 8.9 8.3 5.4 1.47 0.889 0.799 0.623 <0.5

08/04/2013 57.2 21.2 11.6 15.0 641 <100 12.6 9.0 5.8 2.03 0.863 0.945 0.526 <0.5 CPCB Limits 100.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 – – 100.0 5.00 2.000 1.0


98th Percentile 63.25 23.55 12.37 21.08 834.1 – 11.00 2.26 1.027 –







3.4. WATER ENVIRONMENT

The water requirement forms an integral part of any industry. No industry can survive if the desired quantity and quality of water is not available economically. The raw water requirement can either be met through surface water resources, viz., rivers, canals, ponds etc. or by tapping the ground water. Wastewater generated from the industry has to be treated and disposed off in proper manner so as to avoid any adverse impact. In both the cases, the setting of proposed new/revamp project will have some impact on water environment. Hence, the information on baseline water quality status of the nearby surface and ground water sources is needed for meaningful assessment of impact on water environment and formulation of a suitable Environmental Management Plan.

3.4.1. BASE LINE STATUS

The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by collecting water from ground water sources, sea water and surface water sources. Details of sampling locations are presented in Table 3.13.

TABLE 3.13 - Water Quality Sampling Location of the Study Area

Sl. no. Description of Location Type of Water source

1 BPCL Training centre borewell Ground water 2 BPCL borewell Ground water

3 BPCL colony borewell Ground water

4 Mahul village well water Ground water 5 Mandala village well water Ground water 6 Gawan village well water Ground water 7 Sea inlet water Sea water 8 Ashish talav Surface water 9 Teen talav Surface water 10 Ghatala lake Surface water 11 BMC Water (BPCL Colony) Surface water 12 Chedda Nagar Talav Surface water

Methodology for Water Analysis The samples were analyzed for selected physicochemical parameters to establish the existing water quality of the study area. Samples were collected, preserved and analyzed as per methods given in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Ground Water and Wastewater (APHA, and IS). The samples were analyzed for Colour, Odour, Taste, Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Sulphides, Sulphate, Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Silica, Oil & Grease, Fluoride,







Nitrates, Calcium, Magnesium, Free Chlorine, Phosphorus, Ammonical Nitrogen, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD. The samples for bacteriological quality of water analysis were collected in sterilized bottle and sample were analyzed for bacteriological quality of water for MPN, Total Coliform, F Coli, E Coli, Streptococci, Zooplankton on monthly basis.

TABLE 3.14 - Methodology for Water Analysis

Parameters Unit Minimum

Detectable Limits

Method

Temperature ˚C 1 APHA 2550- B, 22nd Edition

Odour - - APHA 2150- A, 22ndEdition

Turbidity NTU 0.1 IS 3025 (part 10) 1984, Reaffirmed 2006

pH - 0.01 IS 3025 (part 11) 1983, Reaffirmed 2006

TDS mg/l 5 IS 3025 (part 16) 1984, Reaffirmed 1996

TSS mg/l 5 IS 3025( part 17) 1984, Reaffirmed 1996

Total Alkalinity mg/l 5 IS 3025( part 23) 1986, Reaffirmed 2009

Total hardness mg/l 5 IS 3025 (part 21) 2009

Calcium Hardness mg/l 5 IS 3025(part 40) 1991,Reaffirmed 2009

Magnesium hardness mg/l 5 Methods for Total & Calcium Hardness, then calculations by APHA 3500 Mg-B, 22ndEdition

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)* mg/l 0.2 APHA 4500- O-B, 22ndEdition

COD mg/l 10 IS 3025( part 58) 2006

BOD** mg/l 4 IS 3025( part 44) 1993

Chlorides mg/l 2.5 IS 3025 ( part 32) 1988, Reaffirmed 2009

Salinity ppt - IS 3025 ( part 32) 1988, Reaffirmed 2009

Sulphate mg/l 5 IS 3025 (part 24) 1986, Reaffirmed 2006

Nitrate mg/l 0.1 IS 3025( part 34) 1988, Reaffirmed 2003

Total Phosphorus mg/l 1.0 IS 3025( part 31) 1988, Reaffirmed 2009

Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.5 IS 3025( part 34) 1988, Reaffirmed 2003

Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001 IS 3025( part 43) 1992, Reaffirmed 2003







Sodium mg/l 0.05 IS 3025( part 45) 1913

Potassium mg/l 0.05 IS 3025( part 45) 1913

Cyanide mg/l 0.01 IS 3025( part 27) 1986, Reaffirmed 2003

Anionic detergent mg/l 0.005 APHA 5540-C, 22nd Edition

Oil & grease mg/l 0.2 IS 3025 (part 39) 1991, Reaffirmed 2003

Pesticides mg/l 0.0001 APHA 6431-B, 22nd Edition

Total Coliform*** MPN/100ml 0 IS 1622 : 1981

Faecal coliform*** - 0 IS 1622 : 1981 Note :

*

Samples collected in a BOD bottle and DO fixed with MnSO4& Alkali Azide.

** Samples kept in ice box for transport. *** Samples taken in sterilised glass bottle. The physicochemical analyses of Ground, sea and Surface water samples are given in Table - 3.15 for the three consecutive months from January, 2013 to April, 2013.

TABLE 3.15 - Water Quality of Collected Samples

Location: BPCL Training centre borewell

Sr. No. Parameters Units

Date of Sampling 05/02/201

3 13/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/201

3 01/04/2013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.1 28.1 27.0 28.0 27.3 29.1

2 Odour - Odourless Odourless

Odourless

Odourless Odourless Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

4 pH - 7.09 7.14 7.05 7.15 7.12 7.20

5 TDS mg/l 240 258 245 251 247 268

6 TSS mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

7 Total Alkalinity mg/l 32 30 36 30 32 28

8 Total hardness mg/l 182 170 182 173 184 168

9 Calcium Hardness mg/l 100 105 98 94 96 88

10 Magnesium hardness mg/l 82 65 84 79 88 80

11 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.8 3.00 2.50 3.02 2.50 3.08

12 COD mg/l <10 12.0 <10 12.0 <10 12







13 BOD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

14 Chlorides mg/l 49.63 43.67 49.53 43.63 48.64 51.61

15 Salinity ppt 0.090 0.079 0.090 0.079 0.088 0.093

16 Sulphate mg/l 38.3 32.8 38.3 30.8 36.8 33.6

17 Nitrate mg/l 0.200 <0.1 0.208 <0.1 0.202 <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Total Nitrogen mg/l 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.6 4.1 3.8

20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Sodium mg/l 38.35 40.11 38.39 40.03 36.85 42.43

22 Potassium mg/l 0.41 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.41 0.41

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Anionic detergent mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 34 33 31 27 33 27

28 Faecal coliform - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

Location :BPCL borewell



3 13/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/201

3 01/04/2013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.4 27.4 27.5 27.5 26.9 27.3

2 Odour - Odourless Odourless

Odourless

Odourless Odourless Odourl

ess 3 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

4 pH - 7.69 7.83 7.75 7.85 7.21 7.54

5 TDS mg/l 232 254 244 259 244 272

6 TSS mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5










10 Magnesium hardness mg/l 48 47 48 50 58 56


12 COD mg/l <10 16.0 <10 16.1 <10 16.0

13 BOD mg/l <4 5 <4 5 <4 5.4

14 Chlorides mg/l 32.48 36.73 32.54 36.91 32.75 35.73

15 Salinity ppt 0.059 0.066 0.059 0.066 0.059 0.065

16 Sulphate mg/l 23.5 19.7 23.6 21.7 23.4 20.0

17 Nitrate mg/l 0.204 0.255 0.198 0.247 0.190 0.240

18 Total Phosphorus mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0


20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.00

1 21 Sodium mg/l 10.65 11.04 10.61 10.98 10.19 10.54

22 Potassium mg/l 0.33 0.36 0.33 0.36 0.32 0.35

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


5 25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 34 27 34 33 27 26

28 Faecal coliform - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absen

t

Location :BPCL colony borewell

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 12/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/20

13 01/04/201

3

1 Temperature ˚C 28.2 27.5 28.1 27.6 27.1 27.4

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

4 pH - 7.05 6.97 7.08 6.80 7.08 6.80







5 TDS mg/l 430 397 413 393 401 409

6 TSS mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5




10 Magnesium hardness

mg/l 108 112 105 113 108 84


12 COD mg/l <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

13 BOD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

14 Chlorides mg/l 39.70 42.48 39.78 42.56 40.69 44.67

15 Salinity ppt 0.072 0.077 0.072 0.077 0.074 0.081

16 Sulphate mg/l 27.2 25.0 27.1 25.0 28.2 26.5

17 Nitrate mg/l 3.200 2.880 3.360 2.966 3.360 3.025

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0


20 Phenolic Compounds

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Sodium mg/l 10.32 10.63 10.32 10.66 10.84 10.77

22 Potassium mg/l 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 11 12 14 17 17 14








Location :Mahul village well water

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 12/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/20

13 01/04/2

013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.4 26.7 27.5 26.7 26.9 26.8

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

4 pH - 7.16 7.37 7.17 7.41 7.24 7.48

5 TDS mg/l 400 424 400 432 424 428

6 TSS mg/l 7 8 7 8 7 8

7 Total Alkalinity

mg/l 260 234 252 222 250 232

8 Total hardness

mg/l 216 218 215 222 218 204

9 Calcium Hardness

mg/l 112 115 106 120 110 120

10

Magnesium hardness

mg/l 104 103 109 102 108 84

11 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0

12 COD mg/l <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

13 BOD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

14 Chlorides mg/l 52.11 47.42 52.06 47.33 50.62 53.60

15 Salinity ppt 0.094 0.086 0.094 0.086 0.091 0.097

16 Sulphate mg/l 20.1 21.7 20.1 21.7 20.9 21.9

17 Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Total Nitrogen

mg/l 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8

20 Phenolic Compo

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001







unds

21 Sodium mg/l 40.69 42.72 40.81 42.59 39.99 43.87

22 Potassium mg/l 0.48 0.52 0.48 0.52 0.48 0.55

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Anionic detergent

mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 43 46 46 43 49 34


Location :Mandala village well water Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 12/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/20

13 01/04/20

13

1 Temperature ˚C 27.1 26.8 27.1 26.7 27.2 27.2

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 6.1 5.7 6.1 5.7 6.4 5.8

4 pH - 7.10 7.38 7.29 7.39 7.44 7.46

5 TDS mg/l 544 507 528 492 517 507

6 TSS mg/l 6 <5 6 <5 6 <5





mg/l 278 270 286 281 302 288


12 COD mg/l <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10







13 BOD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

14 Chlorides mg/l 64.51 70.32 64.64 70.53 61.54 66.50

15 Salinity ppt 0.116 0.127 0.117 0.127 0.111 0.120

16 Sulphate mg/l 26.6 29.0 26.6 29.1 27.9 28.2

17 Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2



mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Sodium mg/l 35.53 36.95 35.64 37.13 37.78 36.76

22 Potassium mg/l 11.75 12.46 11.74 12.45 12.33 11.95

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 70 79 63 70 63 70


Location :Gawan village well water

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 12/02/20

13 22/02/20

13 07/03/20

13 22/03/20

13 01/04/2

013

1 Temperature ˚C 25.7 27.2 25.8 27.2 26.8 28.0

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 24.8 22.7 24.7 22.6 26.2 23.5

4 pH - 7.57 7.57 7.58 7.55 7.58 7.70

5 TDS mg/l 1600 1489 1584 1444 1600 1386

6 TSS mg/l 67 59 67 59 71 58







7 Total Alkalinity

mg/l 29 26 27 28 29 30

8 Total hardness

mg/l 675 706 696 704 690 672

9 Calcium Hardness

mg/l 425 446 446 434 458 438

10

Magnesium hardness

mg/l 250 260 250 270 232 234

11 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6

12 COD mg/l 24.0 24.0 24.1 24.0 24.0 20.0

13 BOD mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

14 Chlorides mg/l 466.52 489.85 464.65 491.81 480.42 488.36

15 Salinity ppt 0.842 0.884 0.840 0.888 0.868 0.882

16 Sulphate mg/l 39.4 42.5 39.5 42.4 41.1 41.6

17 Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.5

19 Total Nitrogen

mg/l 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

20

Phenolic Compounds

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Sodium mg/l 72.63 71.18 72.85 70.90 72.85 75.15

22 Potassium mg/l 38.38 39.15 38.50 39.03 39.66 39.42

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 110 130 130 110 140 110








Location :Sea inlet water

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 13/02/20

13 23/02/20

13 08/03/20

13 23/03/20

13 01/04/2

013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.4 27.2 27.3 27.1 28.9 28.5

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 29 26.3 27.6 28.4 22.8 26.4

4 pH - 7.13 7.60 7.13 7.58 7.42 8.03

5 TDS mg/l 37120 37616 36896 37616 38341 39497

6 TSS mg/l 400 334 400 333 400 323

7 Total Alkalinity

mg/l 100 120 98 121 94 120

8 Total hardness

mg/l 6800 6900 6685 7008 6930 6890

9 Calcium Hardness

mg/l 1050 1000 1050 990 1040 1050

10

Magnesium hardness

mg/l 5750 5900 5635 6018 5890 5840

11 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.2 2.7

12 COD mg/l 217 224 216 135 224 140

13 BOD mg/l 28 26 28 23 29 25

14 Chlorides mg/l 21400 21300 22350 22570 21900 22300

15 Salinity ppt 34.071 34.161 34.139 34.161 35.147 35.505

16 Sulphate mg/l 2043.5 2995.0 2043.5 2980.0 2145.7 2920.4

17 Nitrate mg/l 0.760 1.161 0.730 1.161 0.752 1.138

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Total Nitroge mg/l 2.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.1







n

20

Phenolic Compounds

mg/l 0.51 0.46 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

21 Sodium mg/l 11200 11500 12350 12100 11900 11850

22 Potassium mg/l 377.90 404.26 377.14 405.47 396.00 413.58

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l 8 6 8 6 7.8 6.3

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 220 170 180 180 240 180


Location :Ashish talav Sr. No.

Parameters Units

Date of Sampling

06/02/2013

13/02/2013

23/02/2013

08/03/2013

23/03/2013

02/04/2013

1 Temperature ˚C 26.6 27.1 26.6 27.0 26.3 28.4

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.1

4 pH - 7.46 7.68 7.47 8.01 7.47 7.49

5 TDS mg/l 1914 1876 1991 1932 2091 1951

6 TSS mg/l 24 26 24 26 23 25





mg/l 256 234 264 261 274 324








12 COD mg/l 60.0 62.0 59.9 62.0 60.0 64.0

13 BOD mg/l 24.0 26.0 24.0 26.1 25.2 27.7

14 Chlorides mg/l 29.80 31.59 29.80 31.65 34.89 38.23

15 Salinity ppt 0.054 0.057 0.054 0.057 0.063 0.069

16 Sulphate mg/l 383.0 386.8 381.4 388.0 385.2 380.2

17 Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0



mg/l 0.5 0.55 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

21 Sodium mg/l 13.39 13.12 13.39 13.07 13.79 13.85

22 Potassium mg/l 7.85 7.07 7.88 7.06 7.56 6.92

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


25 Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 350 280 280 350 280 220

28 Faecal coliform - Present Present Present Present Present Present

Location :Teen talav

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 13/02/20

13 23/02/20

13 08/03/20

13 23/03/20

13 02/04/2

013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.4 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.2 28.6

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 18.3 17.9 18.3 17.9 18.8 17.7

4 pH - 7.47 7.69 7.43 7.51 7.58 7.47







5 TDS mg/l 3762 3682 3875 3719 3991 3682

6 TSS mg/l 58 53 58 53 60 63

7 Total Alkalinity

mg/l 180 185 178 189 190 184

8 Total hardness

mg/l 1400 1479 1353 1416 1358 1360

9 Calcium Hardness

mg/l 1260 1336 1210 1269 1198 1180

10

Magnesium hardness

mg/l 140 143 143 147 160 180

11 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l 2.04 2.24 2.07 3.06 2.12 2.81

12 COD mg/l 80.0 81.0 80.4 81.2 78.0 84.0

13 BOD mg/l 28.0 25.0 27.9 24.9 27.9 25.6

14 Chlorides mg/l 42.18 44.71 42.22 44.71 40.69 42.68

15 Salinity ppt 0.076 0.081 0.077 0.081 0.074 0.077

16 Sulphate mg/l 932.1 932.1 928.4 934.9 947.0 953.6

17 Nitrate mg/l 0.270 0.251 0.257 0.238 0.267 0.228

18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Total Nitrogen

mg/l 284.5 291.7 284.5 291.7 287.3 294.6

20

Phenolic Compounds

mg/l 1.34 1.31 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

21 Sodium mg/l 21.30 22.11 21.21 22.09 22.27 21.21

22 Potassium mg/l 15.40 14.91 15.38 14.91 15.84 14.61

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l 3 2 3 2 3.2 2







26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 540 350 540 350 350 540


Location :Ghatala lake

Sr. No.

Parameters Units


13 13/02/20

13 23/02/20

13 08/03/20

13 23/03/20

13 02/04/2

013

1 Temperature ˚C 27.4 26.5 27.4 26.5 27.7 27.0

2 Odour - Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU 4.7 5 4.7 5 5 5.3

4 pH - 7.38 7.31 7.39 7.31 7.46 7.46

5 TDS mg/l 2118 2209 2224 2165 2291 2143

6 TSS mg/l 20 24 20 24 21 25

7 Total Alkalinity

mg/l 135 134 128 127 132 130

8 Total hardness

mg/l 1165 1120 1153 1109 1110 1160

9 Calcium Hardness

mg/l 1090 1046 1079 1036 1030 1074

10

Magnesium hardness

mg/l 75 74 74 73 80 86

11 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l 3.36 2.92 2.38 2.84 2.42 2.72

12 COD mg/l 76.0 83.0 75.8 82.8 78.0 86.0

13 BOD mg/l 27 31 27 31.1 27.3 29.9

14 Chlorides mg/l 47.20 47.67 47.29 47.53 47.64 49.63

15 Salinity ppt 0.085 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.090

16 Sulphate mg/l 271.9 299.0 270.8 299.9 270.8 311.9

17 Nitrate mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1







18 Total Phosphorus

mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Total Nitrogen

mg/l 346.2 337.8 344.8 336.4 358.6 333.0

20

Phenolic Compounds

mg/l 2.6 2.73 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8

21 Sodium mg/l 27.38 25.87 27.33 25.92 27.06 25.92

22 Potassium mg/l 1.83 1.85 1.83 1.84 1.88 1.84

23 Cyanide mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l 3.2 4 3.6 4 3.4 4.2

26 Pesticides mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

27 Total Coliform

MPN/100ml 540 540 540 540 540 540


Location :BMC Water (BPCL Colony)


Date of Sampling - - 20/02/2013 23/02/2013 - 02/04/2013

1 Temperature ˚C - - 26.8 27.5 - 27.5

2 Odour - - - Odourless Odourless - Odourless

3 Turbidity NTU - - 0.9 1.1 - 1.1

4 pH - - - 7.35 7.52 - 7.75

5 TDS mg/l - - 45 50 - 51

6 TSS mg/l - - <5 <5 - <5

7 Total Alkalinity mg/l - - 30 25 - 24

8 Total hardness mg/l - - 50 47 - 46

9 Calcium Hardness mg/l - - 37 31 - 24

10 Magnesium hardness mg/l - - 13 16 - 22







11 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - - 5.22 5.31 - 5.64

12 COD mg/l - - <10 <10 - <10

13 BOD mg/l - - <4 <4 - <4

14 Chlorides mg/l - - 10.91 11.07 - 13.89

15 Salinity ppt - - 0.020 0.021 - 0.025

16 Sulphate mg/l - - 0.4 0.5 - 0.5

17 Nitrate mg/l - - <0.1 <0.1 - <0.1

18 Total Phosphorus mg/l - - <1.0 <1.0 - <1.0

19 Total Nitrogen mg/l - - 0.6 0.8 - 0.8

20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l - - <0.001 <0.001 - <0.001

21 Sodium mg/l - - 0.67 0.82 - 0.86

22 Potassium mg/l - - 0.35 0.49 - 0.49

23 Cyanide mg/l - - <0.01 <0.01 - <0.01

24 Anionic detergent mg/l - - <0.005 <0.005 - <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l - - <0.2 <0.2 - <0.2

26 Pesticides mg/l - - <0.0001 <0.0001 - <0.0001

27 Total Coliform MPN/100ml - - 6 8 - 7

28 Faecal coliform - - - Absent Absent - Absent

Location :Chedda Nagar Talav

Sr. No. Parameters Units Date of Sampling

- - 20/02/2013 23/02/2013 - 02/04/2013 1 Temperature ˚C - - 27.3 26.5 - 27.8 2 Odour - - - Odourless Odourless - Odourless 3 Turbidity NTU - - 24.4 25.3 - 26.8 4 pH - - - 7.07 7.21 - 7.35 5 TDS mg/l - - 5060 4830 - 5120 6 TSS mg/l - - 32 37 - 36

7 Total Alkalinity mg/l - - 245 231 - 236

8 Total hardness mg/l - - 1800 1743 - 1778

9 Calcium Hardness mg/l - - 1050 1043 - 904

10 Magnesium hardness mg/l - - 750 700 - 874







11 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - - 1.81 1.94 - 1.42

12 COD mg/l - - 848.0 827.0 - 828.0 13 BOD mg/l - - 282.0 259.0 - 251.2 14 Chlorides mg/l - - 6054.86 5798.52 - 5856.34 15 Salinity ppt - - 10.940 10.476 - 10.580 16 Sulphate mg/l - - 375.6 360.7 - 364.3 17 Nitrate mg/l - - 0.636 0.608 - 0.584

18 Total Phosphorus mg/l - - 2.5 2.2 - 2.2

19 Total Nitrogen mg/l - - 0.8 0.7 - 0.7

20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l - - 2.8 3.1 - 3

21 Sodium mg/l - - 99.90 95.70 - 92.83 22 Potassium mg/l - - 49.70 51.25 - 49.20 23 Cyanide mg/l - - <0.01 <0.01 - <0.01

24 Anionic detergent mg/l - - <0.005 <0.005 - <0.005

25 Oil & grease mg/l - - 4 5 - 5 26 Pesticides mg/l - - <0.0001 <0.0001 - <0.0001

27 Total Coliform MPN/100ml - - 350 540 - 540

28 Faecal coliform - - - Present Present - Present

The physicochemical data collected for the study period at 12 locations are summarized below in Table-3.16.

Table- 3.16: Summary of data collected for water environment:

Parameter Unit Ground water Sea water Surface water


Permissible Limit



Permissible Limit

Temperature ˚C 25.8-29.1 - 27.1-28.9 26.3-28.6 -

Turbidity NTU <1-26.2 - 22.8-29 0.9-26.8 -

pH 6.8-7.85 6.5-8.5 7.13-8.03 7.07-8.01 6.5-8.5

TDS mg/l 232-1600 2000 36896-39497 45-5120 1500

Total hardness mg/l 106-706 600 6685-7008 46-1800 -

Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.5-4.27

Not Specified 2.7-3.5 3.7-5.31

4

COD mg/l <10-24.1 Not Specified 140-224 <10-848 -

BOD3,27 mg/l <4 Not 23-29 <4-282 3







3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The ambient noise data compiled at 4 nos. locations around the BPCL Mumbai Refinery is given in Table 3.18 and summarized in Table- 3.17. From Table- 3.17, it can be seen that the noise levels (Leq) are ranging between 70.1 and 83.6 dB(A) during daytime and 54.3 and 65.9 dB(A) during night time. The night time noise Leq (Ln) level in Industrial areas are within the Industrial zone noise standard. Whereas The day time noise Leq (Ld) level in Industrial areas are more than the Industrial zone noise standard. For residential area, day time noise Leq (Ld) level and night time noise Leq (Ln) are more than the Industrial zone noise standard. This may be due to the movement of goods carriers and public transportation because of Eastern Express Highway (which is approachable from the refinery through Chembur naka (crossing) passing straight adjoining the Chembur Police station or through Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertiliser area) as well as due to the location of the refinery (Adjoining BPCL refineries are some of the vital industries such as Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, Tata Thermal Power Plant, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers, Aegis Chemicals.etc.).

TABLE 3.17 - Description of Noise Monitoring Locations and measured values

Sl. no. Location Leq day

dB (A) Leq night dB (A)

Standard (MoEF rules, 2000) Leq day dB (A)

Leq night dB (A)

1 BPCL Refinery

North Gate (Sports Club)

73.4 - 80.3 54.3– 57.8 75 (for Industrial area)

70 (for Industrial

area)

2 East Gate (HPCL) 78.5 - 81 58.4– 61.6 75 (for Industrial area)

70 (for Industrial

area)

3 BPCL Refinery

West Gate (Main Gate)

70.1 - 76.6 56.5 - 61 75 (for Industrial area)

70 (for Industrial

area)

4 BPCL Colony Gate (Vasi Naka) 78.2 - 83.6 57.7– 65.9

55 (for Residential

area)

45 (for Residential

area)

Specified

Chlorides mg/l 32.48-491.81 1000 21300-22570 10.91-6054.86

600

Sodium mg/l 10.19-75.15 Not Specified 11200-12350 0.67-99.90 -

Oil & grease mg/l <0.2 - 6-8 <0.2-5 -

Total coliform MPN/100ml 11-140 Nil 170-240 6-540 5000







TABLE 3.18 – Noise data monitored in the study area

Location : BPCL Refinery North Gate (Sports Club)

DATE 22/01/2013 31/01/2013 10/02/2013 19/02/2013 28/02/2013 12/03/2013 19/03/2013 29/03/2013 07/04/2013

Hou

rly

Leq

06.00 am 52.3 53.7 55.2 52.4 53.5 55.2 51.4 56.2 58.0 07.00 am 60.8 60.2 57.9 57.5 55.2 58.6 61.5 50.2 58.6 08.00 am 59.9 60.0 57.5 60.1 59.5 60.2 64.9 53.6 57.2 09.00 am 59.8 62.2 61.0 59.5 59.5 62.4 59.6 55.9 65.5 10.00 am 61.5 65.0 64.4 62.3 63.6 68.1 66.0 59.8 74.2 11.00 am 74.1 74.5 75.2 70.6 78.1 72.1 71.3 85.1 67.1 12.00 pm 72.4 72.4 71.0 72.5 73.9 68.2 71.8 79.1 68.9 01.00 pm 71.7 73.5 72.8 74.1 71.2 72.7 79.3 73.3 77.1 02.00 pm 65.4 68.8 68.8 72.7 72.0 68.6 72.7 73.4 67.9 03.00 pm 66.4 63.8 62.6 61.1 66.2 66.2 55.6 68.8 60.9 04.00 pm 55.6 55.9 57.5 55.4 57.6 54.8 55.4 62.2 55.3 05.00 pm 62.2 63.1 60.1 61.8 61.2 58.1 68.0 56.9 57.5 06.00 pm 67.9 65.3 66.6 66.6 65.3 64.6 61.3 59.4 65.9 07.00 pm 78.3 74.9 77.2 77.0 75.5 76.3 70.8 71.0 77.8 08.00 pm 87.0 82.9 84.5 87.1 81.2 84.5 86.2 89.3 86.2 09.00 pm 74.9 75.6 74.1 78.1 78.1 73.6 71.9 85.9 72.9 10.00 pm 63.3 63.3 60.9 63.9 62.1 63.3 62.6 63.3 59.5 11.00 pm 54.4 52.8 52.8 54.0 51.4 53.0 54.0 56.5 47.7 12.00 am 54.4 55.5 56.6 55.1 57.4 54.5 52.3 62.1 54.5 01.00 am 43.4 45.4 45.0 42.7 42.4 45.5 45.7 45.4 49.1 02.00 am 49.8 53.3 48.3 50.1 51.6 48.6 55.1 52.1 51.5







03.00 am 56.3 54.9 54.4 55.2 51.9 53.5 49.7 48.8 57.2 04.00 am 46.4 44.8 47.1 43.8 46.6 47.5 44.7 43.3 46.1 05.00 am 50.7 49.9 50.5 47.7 52.2 50.7 44.8 54.3 51.2

Leq Day 76.3 73.4 74.5 76.5 73.6 74.1 75.7 80.3 75.8 Leq Night 56.3 56.2 54.8 56.5 55.5 55.9 55.4 57.8 54.3

Location :East Gate (HPCL)

DATE 24/01/2013 30/01/2013 09/02/2013 18/02/2013 27/02/2013 11/03/2013 18/03/2013 28/03/2013 06/04/2013

Hou

rly

Leq

06.00 am 58.2 58.9 61.2 59.2 63.5 62.9 56.8 69.2 59.8 07.00 am 64.2 62.9 62.9 61.8 62.5 65.6 63.0 60.7 59.7 08.00 am 71.2 69.7 68.5 70.0 65.2 64.5 64.4 69.1 64.5 09.00 am 73.1 69.0 70.3 69.4 66.6 70.8 65.2 69.9 69.4 10.00 am 83.0 78.6 79.4 75.3 80.9 76.1 72.3 83.3 75.3 11.00 am 71.5 72.3 75.2 68.9 74.7 74.7 73.7 79.2 82.2 12.00 pm 85.3 82.4 81.6 83.3 81.7 82.5 82.5 74.3 76.7 01.00 pm 72.4 69.2 71.3 70.3 68.2 66.8 63.3 70.2 64.8 02.00 pm 75.2 72.0 72.7 74.0 72.6 71.8 72.5 65.3 68.2 03.00 pm 67.2 66.9 68.8 66.5 72.1 65.8 66.5 74.3 63.8 04.00 pm 72.8 75.5 77.8 75.6 76.4 81.1 68.8 70.3 83.5 05.00 pm 67.1 64.8 66.7 67.3 65.3 66.0 63.9 63.3 68.6 06.00 pm 79.5 80.7 81.5 84.3 83.5 85.2 80.2 87.7 76.7 07.00 pm 80.3 80.3 80.3 81.6 84.1 78.4 88.1 80.7 70.6 08.00 pm 83.5 88.3 85.7 90.4 82.7 84.4 83.7 86.9 81.9 09.00 pm 77.1 79.5 81.2 82.0 82.0 82.8 77.9 79.3 86.1







10.00 pm 65.2 68.2 69.0 66.1 67.5 68.8 72.7 63.5 64.0 11.00 pm 61.0 61.6 61.6 58.9 63.9 60.8 53.0 60.1 55.9 12.00 am 57.9 59.3 61.4 56.6 57.7 58.3 54.9 59.4 53.6 01.00 am 51.7 53.2 51.2 54.6 53.7 52.2 50.8 58.3 56.9 02.00 am 52.9 50.1 52.6 53.8 53.3 54.3 49.5 49.0 50.0 03.00 am 50.7 50.4 50.0 49.2 52.6 50.7 46.2 53.7 50.7 04.00 am 52.2 50.9 53.4 53.0 51.5 53.6 57.2 56.1 53.1 05.00 am 49.6 52.7 50.7 53.6 50.5 52.0 48.2 46.5 47.3

Leq Day 78.5 79.2 78.5 81.0 78.8 79.1 79.1 80.2 78.5 Leq Night 58.7 60.8 61.6 59.0 60.8 61.1 64.0 58.4 57.1

Location : BPCL Refinery West Gate (Main Gate)

DATE 23/01/2013 31/01/2013 10/02/2013 19/02/2013 28/02/2013 12/03/2013 19/03/2013 29/03/2013 07/04/2013

Hou

rly

Leq

06.00 am 60.1 57.4 57.1 56.3 60.9 55.1 65.8 50.1 54.6 07.00 am 69.0 66.0 67.9 65.1 66.5 65.2 61.8 63.9 71.6 08.00 am 59.3 57.5 57.7 59.9 55.3 55.3 59.7 60.8 58.7 09.00 am 65.1 65.1 66.4 68.4 63.8 67.7 64.4 66.3 69.1 10.00 am 74.8 70.9 73.0 72.2 75.0 70.0 74.3 65.1 77.3 11.00 am 75.1 71.5 72.9 72.4 73.2 70.3 73.2 69.6 73.8 12.00 pm 70.6 72.8 69.9 72.8 71.4 71.5 76.7 68.6 75.0 01.00 pm 76.7 71.8 74.3 70.1 76.7 76.7 82.1 73.6 67.3 02.00 pm 67.0 67.1 66.9 71.3 67.2 69.3 70.6 63.8 70.6 03.00 pm 61.7 63.6 61.0 62.1 64.6 65.8 65.9 64.5 63.3







04.00 pm 62.9 59.2 61.7 62.9 62.3 60.5 67.3 62.3 63.5 05.00 pm 55.9 58.1 54.9 59.3 54.8 54.8 52.7 54.3 57.5 06.00 pm 70.4 72.2 68.6 69.7 71.1 67.5 72.5 73.6 63.4 07.00 pm 70.7 74.3 74.6 75.7 79.5 78.0 85.1 71.8 76.5 08.00 pm 69.5 68.9 70.1 72.5 71.8 67.7 73.2 69.7 74.2 09.00 pm 73.7 72.8 73.2 70.0 75.9 74.5 78.9 79.7 78.3 10.00 pm 63.1 62.8 64.6 63.5 64.8 66.1 69.3 66.8 65.4 11.00 pm 55.4 54.3 54.3 53.2 53.8 51.6 56.0 54.7 55.5 12.00 am 57.3 55.2 54.0 52.0 52.6 57.0 50.0 53.6 47.8 01.00 am 46.0 47.4 48.5 47.3 45.4 47.8 40.9 49.2 49.2 02.00 am 55.8 54.5 56.0 55.8 53.1 56.9 48.9 55.2 54.7 03.00 am 53.8 53.5 53.1 54.5 56.2 51.3 57.9 48.2 53.4 04.00 am 58.4 56.6 59.1 60.7 55.3 61.1 55.9 59.3 63.1 05.00 am 45.4 48.0 44.6 45.2 43.8 43.4 39.9 44.3 45.7

Leq Day 70.9 69.7 70.1 70.2 72.5 71.1 76.6 70.9 72.7 Leq Night 57.3 56.5 57.9 57.5 57.5 59.2 61.0 59.2 59.1

Location :BPCL Colony Gate (Vasi Naka)

DATE 21/01/2013 30/01/2013 09/02/2013 18/02/2013 27/02/2013 11/03/2013 18/03/2013 28/03/2013 06/04/2013

Hou

rly

Leq

06.00 am 64.4 60.6 65.6 60.2 65.2 63.9 60.0 60.7 55.4 07.00 am 59.7 63.2 59.8 62.3 62.9 62.9 59.8 64.8 64.8 08.00 am 64.1 66.5 68.4 64.3 65.7 69.7 70.3 65.5 61.7 09.00 am 69.9 70.3 65.5 67.4 63.4 66.1 65.3 68.1 62.0







10.00 am 77.9 72.2 76.2 69.8 77.2 74.2 77.2 72.0 71.2 11.00 am 78.6 76.7 74.5 73.8 72.3 76.1 71.6 82.2 80.4 12.00 pm 79.0 77.9 80.1 80.6 83.0 77.4 87.2 84.4 84.6 01.00 pm 80.8 78.8 78.0 76.0 75.2 81.6 75.2 74.3 82.1 02.00 pm 65.5 67.6 68.9 67.4 64.6 70.8 61.4 76.5 63.4 03.00 pm 69.9 73.1 69.6 73.5 67.8 69.9 67.8 72.0 76.4 04.00 pm 73.4 70.6 73.3 71.4 71.4 72.9 69.3 73.6 72.8 05.00 pm 76.7 77.3 68.7 71.3 77.2 76.5 79.6 72.7 69.2 06.00 pm 80.9 79.4 84.0 81.4 79.0 78.2 81.6 83.7 83.0 07.00 pm 75.3 76.8 76.8 77.6 73.8 73.0 79.5 77.4 80.7 08.00 pm 90.9 88.9 92.8 88.4 87.5 88.4 86.6 80.1 87.5 09.00 pm 83.1 84.7 83.1 86.4 87.3 80.5 85.6 78.1 93.3 10.00 pm 62.3 66.1 63.6 65.1 65.1 67.7 59.2 73.8 65.8 11.00 pm 58.3 60.4 61.0 60.5 61.1 60.5 61.7 66.6 56.3 12.00 am 60.7 63.2 62.0 59.7 61.5 64.7 59.7 62.8 64.5 01.00 am 55.8 54.2 52.1 51.2 51.2 52.3 53.8 53.9 49.2 02.00 am 57.0 53.8 54.8 53.6 56.2 55.2 54.5 51.9 55.2 03.00 am 56.1 56.3 54.7 54.4 53.4 58.3 56.6 54.8 60.0 04.00 am 52.9 55.4 54.9 54.8 58.0 53.1 56.3 51.0 52.6 05.00 am 53.0 51.7 52.2 49.5 51.1 49.5 48.0 48.0 50.5

Leq Day 81.0 79.8 82.3 79.9 80.0 79.0 80.5 78.2 83.6 Leq Night 58.2 60.4 59.0 59.0 59.7 61.6 57.7 65.9 60.4







3.6. TRAFFIC SURVEY

Vehicular traffic contributes significantly to the pollution load in any area. For proper assessment of the background levels a traffic survey was carried out on an hourly basis for a period of three days at four locations around the refinery site. The survey results shown in Table 3.19.

TABLE 3.19 – Traffic data for study area

Location :BPCL Main Gate

DATE 19/02/2013 28/02/2013 12/03/2013

TIME Two Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 74 47 36 32 5 109 68 51 48 11 93 70 53 46 11

07:00 - 08:00 82 74 52 49 13 116 78 58 58 15 127 91 63 49 15

08:00 - 09:00 98 83 70 49 16 111 61 66 85 21 118 83 56 52 19

09:00 - 10:00 114 84 60 65 13 98 88 78 76 17 116 82 66 57 15

10:00 - 11:00 88 65 57 64 31 127 89 72 63 18 94 76 64 50 11

11:00 - 12:00 69 55 46 38 21 110 78 64 60 17 109 72 75 61 16

12:00 - 13:00 58 51 38 43 26 98 77 65 52 12 109 64 55 55 14

13:00 - 14:00 47 45 41 55 18 95 74 75 79 19 86 62 52 55 12

14:00 - 15:00 52 46 38 38 21 87 92 89 59 21 72 80 52 40 12







15:00 - 16:00 57 49 40 32 14 71 78 58 58 13 67 59 54 39 14

16:00 - 17:00 48 41 35 35 16 68 52 66 59 13 69 50 47 37 10

17:00 - 18:00 49 42 33 29 22 66 76 76 80 16 62 45 32 28 11

18:00 - 19:00 42 31 51 32 11 81 70 66 57 16 64 33 30 26 14

19:00 - 20:00 60 45 32 31 11 65 66 49 58 21 58 39 25 26 10

20:00 - 21:00 43 44 30 24 5 58 56 42 49 17 45 31 28 22 14

21:00 - 22:00 45 33 36 28 14 58 45 50 41 7 35 44 29 26 5

22:00 - 23:00 31 7 20 18 5 43 33 25 28 10 29 27 23 19 0

23:00 - 00:00 20 19 20 17 5 34 27 27 33 8 24 25 27 23 0

00:00 - 01:00 15 15 13 11 0 30 33 20 22 5 28 26 19 15 5

01:00 - 02:00 20 15 10 14 0 20 24 28 15 2 27 16 13 11 0

02:00 - 03:00 15 11 7 5 0 19 25 21 15 3 25 21 23 14 5

03:00 - 04:00 17 11 11 6 3 14 13 10 18 2 23 20 16 12 4

04:00 - 05:00 24 13 15 11 6 15 13 15 11 3 33 23 17 15 9

05:00 - 06:00 29 22 19 18 10 42 34 8 18 2 42 24 27 28 14







Location :BPCL Main Gate DATE 23/01/2013 29/01/2013 09/02/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 120 62 52 45 10 60 45 36 32 5 107 70 55 42 12

07:00 - 08:00 120 75 53 51 15 84 65 51 45 12 127 85 62 51 16

08:00 - 09:00 102 65 66 76 21 95 76 70 49 17 110 73 55 50 18

09:00 - 10:00 100 81 77 70 15 102 82 60 58 12 101 75 68 52 15

10:00 - 11:00 120 80 70 63 17 77 61 52 60 31 92 80 60 50 12

11:00 - 12:00 101 75 67 62 18 70 55 41 37 20 95 70 67 55 17

12:00 - 13:00 102 80 68 55 12 52 45 40 38 25 97 63 55 52 15

13:00 - 14:00 90 72 75 80 18 50 42 41 50 17 82 60 51 56 12

14:00 - 15:00 77 80 78 52 20 48 45 35 40 20 75 77 46 41 12

15:00 - 16:00 70 71 60 55 13 55 50 40 30 15 67 53 50 40 15

16:00 - 17:00 60 52 65 57 13 45 40 35 32 16 62 50 45 35 10

17:00 - 18:00 70 80 75 75 16 50 45 30 28 20 57 45 32 30 12

18:00 - 75 65 60 55 15 45 32 45 32 12 60 33 28 25 13







19:00

19:00 - 20:00 60 62 52 52 20 54 43 31 29 10 52 40 25 26 10

20:00 - 21:00 51 52 45 46 15 40 42 27 25 5 48 31 27 22 15

21:00 - 22:00 52 45 47 40 7 42 35 37 27 13 37 40 30 23 5

22:00 - 23:00 40 32 25 26 10 30 7 20 17 5 26 25 21 20 0

23:00 - 00:00 30 25 27 35 8 20 17 20 17 5 22 25 26 22 0

00:00 - 01:00 30 35 20 22 5 15 15 12 11 0 27 23 20 15 5

01:00 - 02:00 20 22 25 15 3 20 15 11 13 0 25 17 13 10 0

02:00 - 03:00 20 25 20 15 4 15 11 7 5 0 22 20 20 13 5

03:00 - 04:00 14 13 10 16 3 18 10 10 7 3 24 18 15 11 4

04:00 - 05:00 15 12 15 11 3 25 13 15 10 7 30 22 16 16 10

05:00 - 06:00 40 30 8 16 2 30 22 18 17 10 37 25 27 25 15

Location :BPCL Main Gate DATE 19/03/2013 29/03/2013 07/04/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed







06:00 - 07:00 118 59 52 60 11 90 77 45 40 12 87 39 33 27 5

07:00 - 08:00 99 74 64 58 16 156 107 56 52 16 77 62 49 39 12

08:00 - 09:00 101 58 81 102 24 145 92 51 58 18 78 64 72 37 16

09:00 - 10:00 119 84 95 66 16 93 67 78 63 17 123 72 73 63 13

10:00 - 11:00 107 76 76 67 15 115 68 60 50 13 110 66 54 62 33

11:00 - 12:00 104 80 71 55 14 129 70 82 64 18 75 48 44 39 18

12:00 - 13:00 116 87 64 46 10 112 56 58 44 16 61 44 32 49 26

13:00 - 14:00 110 81 90 76 18 92 60 65 57 14 41 34 50 62 14

14:00 - 15:00 75 115 81 65 22 79 80 57 46 10 61 49 45 42 16

15:00 - 16:00 65 78 57 62 11 77 71 48 39 12 66 53 41 39 12

16:00 - 17:00 72 60 75 61 14 75 42 44 42 10 54 34 42 29 16

17:00 - 18:00 80 90 76 96 15 59 46 37 24 9 39 49 25 24 23

18:00 - 19:00 95 80 67 51 14 55 26 27 23 16 42 30 55 39 12

19:00 - 20:00 68 61 46 49 23 66 45 28 25 8 51 38 39 37 11

20:00 - 21:00 62 67 42 53 15 53 31 25 17 13 43 34 36 27 5

21:00 - 22:00 60 38 61 42 6 41 42 31 29 5 35 25 33 21 16







22:00 - 23:00 42 34 28 31 11 24 26 28 23 0 31 8 16 14 4

23:00 - 00:00 40 29 26 28 7 28 22 30 22 0 21 19 24 13 5

00:00 - 01:00 32 33 19 20 4 32 24 19 16 5 11 15 16 10 0

01:00 - 02:00 23 20 34 13 2 28 16 16 13 0 21 17 9 11 0

02:00 - 03:00 22 26 21 16 3 23 17 26 12 4 15 11 6 4 0

03:00 - 04:00 14 12 11 16 2 27 18 14 11 4 15 10 13 5 3

04:00 - 05:00 15 13 13 11 3 27 24 14 17 8 29 15 13 8 5

05:00 - 06:00 43 37 8 18 2 38 29 29 30 13 33 22 22 16 10

Location :BPCL North Gate

DATE 19/02/2013 28/02/2013 12/03/2013

TIME Two Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 41 40 32 39 7 105 65 59 47 23 71 50 41 32 15

07:00 - 08:00 79 62 37 12 14 117 92 90 79 34 91 60 65 60 18

08:00 - 09:00 94 95 59 58 17 132 70 90 92 22 90 72 63 52 18







09:00 - 10:00 118 95 75 72 19 139 140 110 96 18 115 102 81 51 20

10:00 - 11:00 96 93 97 86 21 153 115 127 111 16 75 71 52 45 13

11:00 - 12:00 111 94 86 74 20 173 93 136 93 17 111 82 70 62 20

12:00 - 13:00 83 104 75 78 22 96 84 99 147 30 80 65 75 62 16

13:00 - 14:00 78 78 72 84 28 114 78 88 125 23 71 56 46 45 15

14:00 - 15:00 79 83 69 73 16 116 81 129 135 35 51 52 41 50 20

15:00 - 16:00 70 73 69 61 19 187 83 70 79 20 55 45 35 30 12

16:00 - 17:00 83 78 79 65 14 81 77 72 65 25 40 31 30 27 15

17:00 - 18:00 68 60 52 52 19 109 101 82 69 33 42 40 22 20 12

18:00 - 19:00 59 50 49 44 16 91 67 74 63 33 34 27 23 15 5

19:00 - 20:00 69 40 38 40 11 66 62 74 45 31 30 25 21 25 3

20:00 - 21:00 49 45 40 37 5 53 59 69 61 13 45 27 26 22 5

21:00 - 22:00 38 48 35 39 9 59 46 57 55 8 31 32 27 25 10

22:00 - 23:00 36 43 33 36 7 42 37 49 40 16 45 31 29 26 13

23:00 - 00:00 39 24 20 24 2 52 41 45 32 19 25 17 13 15 5

00:00 - 01:00 21 20 15 17 5 39 31 24 26 13 15 15 14 10 0







01:00 - 02:00 14 13 12 13 5 33 27 21 17 4 20 13 16 11 5

02:00 - 03:00 12 9 11 13 0 28 29 25 34 10 17 15 12 10 0

03:00 - 04:00 14 12 16 11 4 20 21 18 24 5 20 16 13 7 0

04:00 - 05:00 25 20 17 16 4 18 15 18 25 6 30 20 18 12 8

05:00 - 06:00 40 24 31 22 11 37 25 25 22 2 41 25 20 18 10

Location :BPCL North Gate DATE 22/01/2013 31/01/2013 09/02/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 92 68 53 42 23 40 37 32 35 7 71 50 41 32 15

07:00 - 08:00 104 85 86 78 30 72 60 38 12 13 91 60 65 60 18

08:00 - 09:00 117 70 90 82 22 93 85 61 60 17 90 72 63 52 18

09:00 - 10:00 135 127 110 94 17 108 101 75 70 20 115 102 81 51 20

10:00 - 11:00 158 112 124 107 16 101 91 85 81 22 75 71 52 45 13

11:00 - 12:00 151 95 130 97 18 97 85 80 74 20 111 82 70 62 20

12:00 - 13:00 101 80 91 135 27 86 93 77 73 22 80 65 75 62 16







13:00 - 14:00 112 71 80 110 20 80 75 70 85 25 71 56 46 45 15

14:00 - 15:00 106 76 115 141 31 72 77 72 67 17 51 52 41 50 20

15:00 - 16:00 187 83 73 72 21 70 75 65 60 20 55 45 35 30 12

16:00 - 17:00 75 82 68 62 22 75 71 70 60 13 40 31 30 27 15

17:00 - 18:00 102 91 77 60 31 72 62 51 52 20 42 40 22 20 12

18:00 - 19:00 85 66 70 55 33 61 50 45 46 17 34 27 23 15 5

19:00 - 20:00 60 57 65 47 30 63 40 35 36 12 30 25 21 25 3

20:00 - 21:00 51 60 70 55 13 51 42 36 37 5 45 27 26 22 5

21:00 - 22:00 60 47 51 53 8 40 43 32 37 10 31 32 27 25 10

22:00 - 23:00 40 37 45 41 15 35 40 30 32 7 45 31 29 26 13

23:00 - 00:00 55 41 40 28 17 41 25 20 22 3 25 17 13 15 5

00:00 - 01:00 35 30 25 26 13 21 20 15 16 5 15 15 14 10 0

01:00 - 02:00 30 25 22 15 5 15 12 11 12 5 20 13 16 11 5

02:00 - 03:00 25 26 26 31 10 12 10 11 13 0 17 15 12 10 0

03:00 - 04:00 20 22 17 24 5 15 13 15 10 4 20 16 13 7 0

04:00 - 05:00 17 15 17 25 7 22 20 16 17 5 30 20 18 12 8







05:00 - 06:00 35 25 23 20 2 40 25 27 20 10 41 25 20 18 10

Location: BPCL North Gate DATE 19/03/2013 29/03/2013 07/04/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 98 79 69 44 22 69 32 33 46 7 71 50 41 32 15

07:00 - 08:00 120 104 80 72 41 90 69 31 14 12 91 60 65 60 18

08:00 - 09:00 153 74 89 80 24 91 87 68 51 20 90 72 63 52 18

09:00 - 10:00 134 119 125 88 22 101 108 87 83 15 115 102 81 51 20

10:00 - 11:00 171 133 119 94 17 101 115 78 75 16 75 71 52 45 13

11:00 - 12:00 197 105 134 106 19 120 106 98 62 15 111 82 70 62 20

12:00 - 13:00 96 90 94 138 34 63 121 74 78 18 80 65 75 62 16

13:00 - 14:00 104 82 95 153 23 73 91 79 68 23 71 56 46 45 15

14:00 - 15:00 127 76 145 118 37 74 64 66 56 17 51 52 41 50 20

15:00 - 16:00 190 101 79 76 19 84 88 63 73 22 55 45 35 30 12

16:00 - 17:00 101 82 71 64 23 83 97 62 50 12 40 31 30 27 15







17:00 - 18:00 106 92 84 71 30 80 68 53 54 16 42 40 22 20 12

18:00 - 19:00 106 77 85 68 29 67 51 49 38 19 34 27 23 15 5

19:00 - 20:00 71 65 82 53 36 55 46 44 43 12 30 25 21 25 3

20:00 - 21:00 57 66 65 54 13 37 41 33 41 5 45 27 26 22 5

21:00 - 22:00 56 44 68 48 9 39 45 30 31 8 31 32 27 25 10

22:00 - 23:00 40 41 56 48 16 45 53 35 41 8 45 31 29 26 13

23:00 - 00:00 57 47 52 30 23 48 18 18 24 2 25 17 13 15 5

00:00 - 01:00 42 32 28 30 15 21 20 18 19 3 15 15 14 10 0

01:00 - 02:00 34 27 23 19 4 10 13 14 13 4 20 13 16 11 5

02:00 - 03:00 29 30 23 40 9 10 10 9 13 0 17 15 12 10 0

03:00 - 04:00 23 17 18 29 4 16 11 15 11 3 20 16 13 7 0

04:00 - 05:00 16 16 18 27 6 29 16 13 16 3 30 20 18 12 8

05:00 - 06:00 44 28 28 22 1 47 29 34 23 13 41 25 20 18 10







Location :BPCL East Gate

DATE 18/02/2013 27/02/2013 11/03/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three

Wheeler

s

LCV’s HCV’s Non

Motorised

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

06:00 - 07:00 50 51 48 34 7 45 49 38 32 6 42 32 28 22 6

07:00 - 08:00 64 61 52 45 10 55 57 38 64 15 33 32 27 19 12

08:00 - 09:00 79 79 83 59 16 74 71 76 51 22 45 46 28 39 17

09:00 - 10:00 98 85 77 64 19 79 70 65 57 14 81 69 57 42 15

10:00 - 11:00 113 98 95 80 20 123 104 106 96 29 58 42 46 30 12

11:00 - 12:00 76 72 67 65 6 70 61 76 70 29 54 50 39 41 14

12:00 - 13:00 76 69 58 68 15 62 63 57 55 20 60 38 32 26 19

13:00 - 14:00 89 76 69 86 19 62 60 47 52 27 52 38 38 30 20

14:00 - 15:00 76 74 68 74 13 57 62 58 56 15 49 43 22 25 14

15:00 - 16:00 63 58 52 51 11 49 47 58 45 19 36 27 25 20 12

16:00 - 17:00 52 41 46 44 15 61 44 41 53 24 39 38 34 30 15

17:00 - 66 52 46 41 15 78 81 60 45 15 53 35 33 35 6







18:00

18:00 - 19:00 56 38 51 36 13 69 62 52 51 21 49 36 30 33 13

19:00 - 20:00 67 38 47 55 8 48 67 49 42 22 41 29 28 29 14

20:00 - 21:00 49 48 39 33 5 50 58 57 43 15 46 31 25 20 14

21:00 - 22:00 38 30 27 21 10 38 29 38 32 9 40 35 21 24 7

22:00 - 23:00 21 27 33 20 5 25 30 32 29 4 23 20 16 16 3

23:00 - 00:00 22 24 23 20 8 16 21 21 20 3 19 19 19 12 4

00:00 - 01:00 11 16 19 11 11 16 15 27 15 0 17 16 18 18 5

01:00 - 02:00 9 13 17 11 0 16 12 12 19 2 15 14 18 19 0

02:00 - 03:00 18 22 25 23 2 10 14 11 21 2 22 24 24 16 4

03:00 - 04:00 23 25 29 13 0 19 19 23 23 3 20 16 25 21 14

04:00 - 05:00 31 16 23 16 4 16 18 20 23 2 34 30 38 27 18

05:00 - 06:00 38 28 26 20 7 27 22 19 14 5







Location :BPCL East Gate DATE 24/01/2013 28/01/2013 10/02/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 42 45 37 28 7 52 46 44 32 7 40 32 27 20 7

07:00 - 08:00 55 53 40 60 15 66 57 51 46 11 32 29 25 18 12

08:00 - 09:00 70 65 68 52 20 76 72 77 56 15 45 47 30 35 17

09:00 - 10:00 75 67 68 51 15 97 85 76 67 17 75 62 55 37 15

10:00 - 11:00 110 95 97 85 28 102 96 90 81 20 51 42 40 32 13

11:00 - 12:00 70 65 72 65 31 77 68 70 61 7 53 46 37 39 15

12:00 - 13:00 62 65 55 50 21 70 67 62 60 15 60 36 32 26 17

13:00 - 14:00 55 57 50 46 25 92 80 71 75 17 46 40 37 30 18

14:00 - 15:00 61 56 52 49 15 77 70 63 70 13 45 41 23 25 15

15:00 - 16:00 50 43 54 45 20 65 52 55 50 10 32 28 25 22 12

16:00 - 17:00 55 47 42 51 25 52 43 45 46 14 35 36 32 31 15

17:00 - 18:00 75 71 53 46 16 67 55 47 42 15 50 32 30 35 7

18:00 - 67 62 48 45 21 53 40 46 35 12 45 33 27 30 12







19:00

19:00 - 20:00 51 60 46 41 22 60 38 47 51 8 37 31 28 29 13

20:00 - 21:00 53 51 50 40 15 45 47 40 30 5 46 30 23 20 15

21:00 - 22:00 40 30 37 31 10 35 27 28 22 10 35 36 20 22 7

22:00 - 23:00 27 28 29 31 5 22 27 30 20 5 22 20 17 15 3

23:00 - 00:00 17 20 21 22 3 20 25 22 21 8 18 21 20 13 5

00:00 - 01:00 17 16 25 15 0 12 15 17 12 10 17 15 16 18 5

01:00 - 02:00 15 11 13 17 2 10 12 16 10 0 15 13 16 17 0

02:00 - 03:00 11 14 10 20 2 17 22 25 21 2 22 23 25 14 5

03:00 - 04:00 20 17 23 21 3 22 23 26 12 0 20 15 25 20 13

04:00 - 05:00 17 18 20 25 2 30 17 20 15 4 30 32 37 25 18

05:00 - 06:00 25 20 17 15 5 35 30 25 20 7







Location :BPCL East Gate

DATE 18/03/2013 28/03/2013 06/04/2013

TIME Two Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 47 45 38 35 7 38 27 22 22 7 41 38 57 35 7

07:00 - 08:00 61 69 43 58 16 40 28 22 23 11 75 68 65 34 9

08:00 - 09:00 67 82 83 46 25 45 39 34 41 13 60 81 97 61 16

09:00 - 10:00 90 84 79 63 16 66 71 46 45 16 94 88 60 60 16

10:00 - 11:00 130 111 111 118 25 66 43 50 36 12 117 81 107 78 22

11:00 - 12:00 63 61 76 69 36 55 48 46 42 12 65 78 72 64 7

12:00 - 13:00 73 59 70 64 23 66 32 30 31 18 73 80 63 61 15

13:00 - 14:00 68 68 49 64 30 63 44 33 27 19 101 79 83 92 19

14:00 - 15:00 67 55 63 56 16 49 42 24 29 15 79 75 67 71 11

15:00 - 16:00 45 43 64 46 20 35 31 26 19 12 55 55 41 61 11

16:00 - 17:00 75 47 34 62 27 40 32 39 28 12 49 50 45 40 11

17:00 - 18:00 76 81 72 50 16 58 41 40 30 6 79 60 45 45 11

18:00 - 60 75 56 59 22 54 38 26 33 12 50 36 53 27 9







19:00

19:00 - 20:00 48 60 53 42 24 39 29 33 30 13 62 45 38 58 7

20:00 - 21:00 60 65 55 39 18 37 27 23 20 17 57 54 33 31 4

21:00 - 22:00 42 25 41 35 10 32 32 22 27 7 41 33 27 24 11

22:00 - 23:00 28 28 33 25 4 22 20 19 15 3 19 31 30 18 4

23:00 - 00:00 16 24 24 17 3 18 20 21 13 4 17 23 25 19 9

00:00 - 01:00 18 17 23 15 0 15 13 19 14 6 8 13 17 10 13

01:00 - 02:00 16 12 12 21 2 12 16 14 22 0 9 10 13 9 0

02:00 - 03:00 9 12 9 19 2 24 25 26 13 3 17 16 30 23 2

03:00 - 04:00 23 18 20 25 3 24 16 20 23 14 20 20 29 15 0

04:00 - 05:00 18 22 22 21 1 28 24 33 33 19 37 18 21 12 3

05:00 - 06:00 30 19 16 17 4 26 17 32 15 12 33 31 21 22 5







Location :BPCL Colony Gate (Vasi Naka) DATE 18/02/2013 27/02/2013 11/03/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 127 218 172 145 36 212 186 156 109 22 149 127 108 94 36

07:00 - 08:00 224 229 201 197 36 197 157 59 137 30 214 185 172 172 43

08:00 - 09:00 403 210 243 251 34 178 185 171 171 39 248 237 216 170 61

09:00 - 10:00 267 213 265 212 47 192 186 188 163 27 301 230 210 169 56

10:00 - 11:00 216 206 221 197 34 176 188 133 112 38 230 244 212 163 46

11:00 - 12:00 298 297 280 232 38 193 184 153 131 32 205 200 169 174 38

12:00 - 13:00 261 223 223 224 38 203 176 155 120 25 201 195 200 162 40

13:00 - 14:00 259 232 213 172 38 174 163 139 116 38 215 190 151 150 36

14:00 - 15:00 197 206 207 182 36 181 154 137 116 26 147 141 131 145 35

15:00 - 16:00 166 201 163 186 30 162 134 129 135 34 158 129 146 129 35

16:00 - 17:00 200 182 166 162 22 17 184 129 127 35 141 132 118 112 32

17:00 - 18:00 194 179 160 164 30 211 160 126 114 33 128 134 110 91 30

18:00 - 221 206 177 140 35 178 158 133 120 33 146 139 109 102 31







19:00

19:00 - 20:00 185 184 114 156 37 176 164 133 152 32 120 109 94 86 27

20:00 - 21:00 191 156 124 96 24 149 134 99 120 30 101 88 102 84 19

21:00 - 22:00 140 115 108 95 14 137 124 95 93 30 62 63 55 72 17

22:00 - 23:00 109 91 78 61 9 112 97 93 75 32 78 56 68 56 11

23:00 - 00:00 73 80 73 64 13 88 77 66 73 19 55 55 54 33 11

00:00 - 01:00 91 62 57 82 7 60 70 46 28 5 41 60 46 31 8

01:00 - 02:00 54 45 39 46 8 51 40 37 24 2 30 45 39 24 1

02:00 - 03:00 59 42 34 38 10 42 42 37 22 0 37 31 29 25 0

03:00 - 04:00 31 41 42 33 8 46 42 43 23 2 27 24 26 29 2

04:00 - 05:00 30 33 35 30 4 61 56 34 27 13 31 24 25 24 10

05:00 - 06:00 65 55 41 44 15 80 72 53 31 33 55 47 38 38 26







Location :BPCL Colony Gate (Vasi Naka) DATE 21/01/2013 29/01/2013 10/02/2013

TIME Two

Wheelers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed 06:00 - 07:00 104 199 160 137 34 153 112 107 93 37 186 173 140 97 21

07:00 - 08:00 210 207 187 196 33 210 193 182 161 40 196 156 59 135 30

08:00 - 09:00 377 217 225 254 36 254 222 200 170 55 184 170 162 165 35

09:00 - 10:00 245 222 235 204 47 282 238 217 177 50 203 185 178 151 28

10:00 - 11:00 228 206 209 185 33 235 213 197 169 48 180 165 140 112 34

11:00 - 12:00 262 295 250 232 40 192 197 178 160 36 202 192 155 126 32

12:00 - 13:00 242 233 223 200 38 187 176 195 169 43 192 168 139 115 27

13:00 - 14:00 247 235 207 180 35 196 166 155 143 37 171 147 128 113 38

14:00 - 15:00 197 197 182 190 36 151 141 138 137 35 165 151 121 105 26

15:00 - 16:00 172 185 165 171 30 157 129 136 121 34 161 137 118 122 32

16:00 - 17:00 187 190 160 150 24 131 116 104 101 33 18 165 123 113 36

17:00 - 18:00 200 187 160 152 30 134 122 96 95 27 216 165 114 111 30

18:00 - 193 181 185 142 32 145 121 105 100 32 178 162 131 117 32







19:00

19:00 - 20:00 185 165 114 150 39 123 108 84 87 25 171 152 128 136 32

20:00 - 21:00 190 165 126 102 22 91 88 89 76 19 145 122 100 108 30

21:00 - 22:00 123 113 102 95 15 62 56 52 72 17 140 109 91 82 30

22:00 - 23:00 100 82 75 65 9 71 58 61 50 11 115 100 83 73 29

23:00 - 00:00 76 74 65 66 12 50 48 50 33 10 91 72 63 66 18

00:00 - 01:00 80 65 55 72 7 40 53 45 29 8 62 65 47 29 5

01:00 - 02:00 53 40 38 43 7 32 40 35 25 2 51 40 34 22 3

02:00 - 03:00 52 40 34 38 10 33 33 28 22 0 37 40 37 24 0

03:00 - 04:00 32 38 42 32 8 27 26 25 26 2 47 42 40 23 3

04:00 - 05:00 31 32 35 32 5 33 25 22 23 10 56 55 36 25 14

05:00 - 06:00 60 51 38 42 14 58 45 37 40 23 80 65 50 28 35







Location :BPCL Colony Gate (Vasi Naka)

DATE 18/03/2013 28/03/2013 06/04/2013

TIME Two Wheeler

s

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

Two Wheel

ers

Three Wheel

ers LCV’s HCV’s

Non Motoris

ed

06:00 - 07:00 241 189 145 107 21 132 226 180 110 39 186 138 99 106 38

07:00 - 08:00 226 180 50 123 25 212 272 219 206 27 175 214 199 208 47

08:00 - 09:00 218 220 212 201 33 394 174 213 238 29 307 286 183 192 57

09:00 - 10:00 186 186 184 202 30 301 215 315 169 43 240 255 233 175 54

10:00 - 11:00 207 191 130 95 37 259 201 238 208 28 285 251 239 148 55

11:00 - 12:00 237 161 168 117 32 250 240 257 180 42 217 212 143 174 31

12:00 - 13:00 209 191 176 132 30 294 180 176 255 41 205 239 244 168 39

13:00 - 14:00 147 148 173 127 42 282 176 193 211 41 178 157 140 147 43

14:00 - 15:00 215 133 124 112 23 210 154 219 147 38 166 124 136 123 35

15:00 - 16:00 153 135 134 147 31 180 241 122 145 35 161 110 172 144 35

16:00 - 17:00 20 206 148 149 31 198 143 152 196 17 148 151 112 133 38

17:00 - 18:00 181 184 122 133 30 162 195 156 124 30 152 159 117 109 32







18:00 - 19:00 204 169 146 144 37 260 222 219 175 36 127 134 106 123 35

19:00 - 20:00 191 147 117 174 39 196 228 102 129 39 140 123 81 105 23

20:00 - 21:00 180 167 90 141 25 148 120 131 115 21 101 107 99 101 22

21:00 - 22:00 160 143 113 79 26 154 143 86 101 15 65 52 60 85 19

22:00 - 23:00 126 93 95 82 35 134 96 88 65 9 93 57 75 68 10

23:00 - 00:00 96 96 82 88 19 87 76 89 70 11 68 59 62 41 10

00:00 - 01:00 57 80 54 33 5 91 47 61 72 5 37 75 40 32 8

01:00 - 02:00 43 50 40 26 2 63 42 30 51 7 37 41 40 22 0

02:00 - 03:00 42 50 41 27 0 67 36 39 31 12 35 31 24 29 0

03:00 - 04:00 45 49 47 22 2 26 37 40 38 6 32 25 26 27 2

04:00 - 05:00 59 52 32 23 11 28 35 31 26 4 33 22 21 29 11

05:00 - 06:00 95 80 61 27 38 59 52 34 34 12 61 42 40 38 23


Document No. A257-EI-1741-1301








3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Studies on land use aspects of the ecosystem play an important role in identifying the involved sensitive issues, which would guide in taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological homostatis in view of the proposed developments in the region. The objective of this section is to define the present environmental status in the study area which would form a baseline for assessing the anticipated changes in the environment due to the proposed Project, which finally would lead to a most effective and flawless Environment Management Plan.

3.7.1 OBJECTIVES The main objectives of land use studies are:

Establishing the existing land use pattern in the study area; Analyzing the impacts of the proposed Project on the land use pattern of the study area;

and Making recommendations for optimization of the future land use pattern in the study area

in view of the proposed Project and its allied activities and their associated impacts. 3.7.2 LAND USE PATTERN THROUGH INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE IMAGERY

Land use pattern in study area and its buffer zones covered within a radius of 10 km from the proposed plant has been established through interpretation of satellite imageries and by means of preparation of land use/land cover map. Satellite maps of the project site are shown in Figure. 3.2 to Figure. 3.7.

3.7.3 LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

The land use/land cover map has been prepared based on the National Land Use Classification System. The land use classification system adopted is described in Table-3.20.

TABLE- 3.20: LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2 1 Built-up Land Town/Cities

Villages 2 Agriculture Land Crop Land

Plantations 3 Forest Evergreen/Semi Evergreen

Deciduous 4 Wastelands Saline/Sandy

Marshy/Swampy Land with scrubs

5 Water Bodies River/Stream Lake/Reservoir/Tanks

6 Others Shifting cultivation Grass land Salt Pans Snow covered/Glacial






Fig- 3.2: Land use/ Land cover Map around 5 km radius of plant site






Fig- 3.3 Land use/ Land cover Map around 10 km radius of plant site






Fig- 3.4: Geomorphology Map around 5 km radius of plant site






Fig- 3.5: Geomorphology Map around 10 km radius of plant site






Fig- 3.6: Ground water Prospect Map around 5 km radius of plant site






Fig- 3.7: Ground water Potential Map around 10 km radius of plant site






3.8 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

For establishing the baseline status of soil within the probable impact zone, Soil Samples were collected at BPCL South Gate, BPCL North Gate, Mysore Colony, BPCL Colony, BhaktiPark, IOC Nagar, Gawan Village, Mahul Village, Aziz Baug, Near Teen Talav. The characteristics of such samples at different locations at each site in terms of different parameters are given in Table 3.21.

Table 3.21: Soil data collected in study area

Location: BPCL South Gate

Sr. No. Parameter Unit Date of Sampling

Date of Sampling - 05/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.55 7.40 7.47

2 Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.074 1.053 1.063

3 Specific Gravity - 1.077 1.056 1.066

4 Electrical Conductivity mS/cm 0.191 0.195 0.193

5 Porosity % 41.45 41.86 41.04

6 Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 0.69 0.68 0.69

7 Organic Matter % 12.24 12.12 12.00

8 Total Nitrogen mg/kg 111.29 112.40 112.40

9 Phosphate mg/kg 247.60 252.55 245.12

10 Potassium mg/kg 1014.0 1034.3 1024.1

Location :BPCL North Gate


Date of Sampling - 05/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.89 7.73 7.82




5 Porosity % 52.40 51.35 52.40







7 Organic Matter % 9.75 9.95 9.65


9 Phosphate mg/kg 17.90 17.72 17.90

10 Potassium mg/kg 2092.0 2112.9 2112.9

Location: Mysore Colony


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.81 7.73 7.73




5 Porosity % 46.79 45.85 45.85


7 Organic Matter % 11.15 11.15 11.37


9 Phosphate mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

10 Potassium mg/kg 268.7 266s.0 274.1

Location: BPCL Colony


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.63 7.63 7.71




5 Porosity % 61.34 60.78 62.57







7 Organic Matter % 8.25 8.33 8.17


9 Phosphate mg/kg 39.42 40.21 39.03

10 Potassium mg/kg 52.8 53.9 53.7

Location :Bhakti Park


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.70 7.85 7.78




5 Porosity % 59.53 60.72 58.34


7 Organic Matter % 9.43 9.24 9.34


9 Phosphate mg/kg 116.80 115.63 119.14

10 Potassium mg/kg 527.4 537.9 532.7

Location: IOC Nagar


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 07/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.92 8.00 7.84




5 Porosity % 42.74 42.74 42.74







7 Organic Matter % 11.26 11.03 11.37


9 Phosphate mg/kg 91.45 89.62 91.45

10 Potassium mg/kg 612.0 612.0 624.2

Location: Gawan Village


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 08/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.85 7.85 7.83




5 Porosity % 47.29 47.76 47.76


7 Organic Matter % 7.90 7.82 7.82



10 Potassium mg/kg 556.3 556.3 545.2

Location:Mahul Village


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 08/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.93 7.91 8.01




5 Porosity % 42.14 41.72 42.14







7 Organic Matter % 9.53 9.43 9.72


9 Phosphate mg/kg 30.83 30.83 31.14

10 Potassium mg/kg 306.5 309.6 306.5

Location:Aziz Baug


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 08/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 7.53 7.53 7.61




5 Porosity % 37.08 36.71 36.34


7 Organic Matter % 8.14 8.22 8.22



10 Potassium mg/kg 381.0 384.8 381.0 Location:Near Teen Talav


Date of Sampling - 06/02/2013 08/03/2013 23/03/2013

1 pH - 8.10 8.26 7.28




5 Porosity % 43.66 44.53 44.10


7 Organic Matter % 11.00 10.78 10.78


9 Phosphate mg/kg 177.72 175.94 175.94






10 Potassium mg/kg 878.3 895.9 869.5

Sodium Adsorption Ratio of the soil samples ranges from 0.02-0.72. Total Nitrogen of the soil samples ranges from 111.29-338.61 mg/kg. Organic Matter of the soil samples ranges from 7.82-12.24 %.

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.9.1 METHODOLOGY

The surrounding area of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) at Mahul, Mumbai has different kinds of habitats namely mangrove forest, tidal lagoon, mudflats, scrub vegetation and roadside plantations. Due to mangrove forest and mudflat region, it attracts a relatively good diversity of bird species which included the long distance migrants coming from as far north of Arctic Circle. Avian predator like Black Kite is sighted in fairly good numbers in such type of habitats probably because of availability of food in good quantities. The adjoining areas to BPCL land consist of fodder grass fields, woodland, saltpans and marshy area which also attract substantial population of shorebirds, gulls and terns, and other aquatic and terrestrial birds.

3.9.1.1 Floral diversity

The study was aimed at enumeration of the available plant resources and obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic variations in and around BPCL Mumbai refinery. The site was surveyed through random sampling and the floristic diversity was enumerated. All floral elements encountered in the field were photographed. All the species encountered were identified with the help of local authenticate published flora.

3.9.1.2 Faunal diversity

Random walk and opportunistic observations were used for documenting the birds. With the aid of a pair of binoculars the bird sampling were carried out during morning (06:00 to 10:00 hrs) and evening (17:00 to 19:00 hrs) hours. Point count methods were used for enumerating the avifauna in mudflat areas. Birds were monitored by road transects up to 200 metres distance to obtain information on population. Data on fishes were collected from secondary sources and interview with fisher folk of the area. During the present study period, both direct and indirect methods (tracks & signs and visual encounter survey) were used to document the mammals occurring in the area. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was followed for the survey of the herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) in the study area during the present study. VES is a method one in which field personnel walk through an area or habitat for a prescribed time period systematically searching for animals.

3.9.2 ANALYSIS OF DATA 3.9.2.1 Plants

A total of 134 species of plants (including wild, ornamental and cultivated plants) belonging to 108 genera and spreading over 53 plant families were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project site of the study area. The distribution of plants have been categorized into different habitat and mentioned below in Table 3.22. The list of plant species are given in Table-3.23.






Table 3.22 Habitat wise distribution of plants in the study area

Habit Number of species

Climber 10 Herb 34 Shrub 24 Tree 66 Grand Total 134

Table 3.23 List of plants in the study area

S. No

Scientific Name Family Habit

1 Abutilon indicum (L.)Sweet Sterculiaceae Shrub 2 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth. Mimosaceae Tree 3 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Mimosaceae Tree 4 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Shrub 5 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb. Rutaceae Tree 6 Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. Ex Thw. Poaceae Herb 7 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Tree 8 Alternanthera polygonoides (L.) H.B. & K. ex

Roem and Schult Amaranthaceae Herb

9 Alternanthera pungens Kunth Amaranthaceae Herb 10 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.ex DC. Amaranthaceae Herb 11 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Herb 12 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Herb 13 Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich.ex Walp. Rubiaceae Tree 14 Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Polygonaceae Climber 15 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Herb 16 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Tree 17 Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Verbenaceae Shrub 18 Avicennia officinallis L. Verbenaceae Tree 19 Avicennia officinallis L. var. acutissima Verbenaceae Tree 20 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Tree 21 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. Barringtoniaceae Tree 22 Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 23 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb 24 Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Tree 25 Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tree 26 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae Shrub 27 Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume Rhizophoraceae Tree 28 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny Rhizophoraceae Tree 29 Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Stapf Myrtaceae Tree 30 Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Shrub 31 Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Shrub 32 Caryota urens L. Arecaceae Tree






33 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 34 Cassia siamea Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 35 Cassia tora L. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 36 Cassia trifolia Caesalpiniaceae Herb 37 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casurinaceae Tree 38 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Apocynaceae Herb 39 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae Tree 40 Celosia argentea L. var. argentea Amaranthaceae Herb 41 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Verbenaceae Shrub 42 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Verbenaceae Shrub 43 Clitoria ternatea L. Papilionaceae Climber 44 Cocos nucifera L. Arecaceae Tree 45 Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Herb 46 Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Commelinaceae Herb 47 Cordia macleodii (Griff.) Hook.f. & Thoms. Ehretiaceae Tree 48 Cordia sebestena L. Ehretiaceae Tree 49 Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Lecythidaceae Tree 50 Croton bonplandianum Baill. Euphorbiaceae Shrub 51 Cycas revoluta Thunb. Cycadaceae Herb 52 Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Herb 53 Cyperus distans L.f. Cyperaceae Herb 54 Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Herb 55 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Herb 56 Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree 57 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Caesalpiniaceae Tree 58 Delonix regia (Boj.ex Hook.) Raf. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 59 Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting Loranthaceae Shrub 60 Derris trifoliata Lour. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 61 Erythrina indica Caesalpiniaceae Tree 62 Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Herb 63 Excoecaria agallocha L. Euphorbiaceae Tree 64 Ficsu benghalensis L. var. benghalensis Moraceae Tree 65 Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem Moraceae Shrub 66 Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae Tree 67 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree 68 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree 69 Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Cyperaceae Herb 70 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. Papilionaceae Tree 71 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Asteraceae Herb 72 Grevillea robusta A.Cunn.ex R.Br. Proteaceae Tree 73 Hamelia patens Jacq. Rubiaceae Shrub 74 Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Herb 75 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex

G.Don Apocynaceae Shrub

76 Indigofera linnaei Ali Papilionaceae Herb






77 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Shrub 78 Ipomoea obscura Ker-Gawl. Convolvulaceae Climber 79 Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Convolvulaceae Climber 80 Ipomoea quamoclit L. Convolvulaceae Climber 81 Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Oleaceae Shrub 82 Jatropha podagrica Hook. Euphorbiaceae Shrub 83 Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Tree 84 Lagera aurita Asteraceae Herb 85 Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb. Lythraceae Tree 86 Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Mold. Verbenaceae Shrub 87 Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Shrub 88 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Mimosaceae Tree 89 Malachra capitata (L.) L.syst Malvaceae Herb 90 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree 91 Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Tree 92 Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhat Convolvulaceae Climber 93 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Tree 94 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Tree 95 Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb 96 Momordica dioica Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Climber 97 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Tree 98 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Tree 99 Mussenda frondosa L. Rubiaceae Shrub 100 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Tree 101 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer Caesalpiniaceae Tree 102 Pentatropis capensis (L.f.) Bullock Ascelpiadaceae Climber 103 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Tree 104 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Tree 105 Pluchia arguta Asteraceae Herb 106 Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Tree 107 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw Annonaceae Tree 108 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Caesalpiniaceae Tree 109 Rhizophora mucronata Poir. Rhizophoraceae Tree 110 Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Herb 111 Rivea ornate Choisy Convolvulaceae Climber 112 Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook Arecaceae Tree 113 Salvadora persica L. var. wighitiana (Planch. Ex

thw.) Verdc. Salvadoraceae Shrub 114 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Mimosaceae Tree 115 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Aizoaceae Herb 116 Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Herb 117 Sonneratia apetala Buch.- Ham. Sonneratiaceae Tree 118 Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Sonneratiaceae Tree 119 Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Bignoniaceae Tree 120 Suaeda fruticosa Chenopodiaceae Herb






121 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Tree 122 Taberneamontana divaricata (L.) Burkill Apocynaceae Tree 123 Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree 124 Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Bignoniaceae Tree 125 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Tree 126 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.ex Corr. Malvaceae Tree 127 Thevetia peruviana (pers.) Merrill Apocynaceae Shrub 128 Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Cucurbitaceae Climber 129 Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Herb 130 Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Herb 131 Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. Typhaceae Herb 132 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Shrub 133 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb,) R.Br. Apocynaceae Tree 134 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Tree

Familial Composition Among the 53 families reported in the study area, the family Caesalpiniaceae is the dominant one and is represented with 10 species. The other notable dominant plant families recorded in the study area include Apocynaceae 8 species, Moraceae 7 species, 6 species each of Amaranthaceae, Convulvulaceae and Verbenaceae. The distribution of families is given in Table 3.24.

Table 3.24: Dominant plant families of the study area

S. No Family No of

Species 1 Caesalpiniaceae 12 2 Apocynaceae 7 3 Amaranthaceae 6 4 Convolvulaceae 6 5 Moraceae 6 6 Verbenaceae 6 7 Arecaceae 5 8 Cyperaceae 5 9 Euphorbiaceae 5

10 Mimosaceae 5 11 Asteraceae 4 12 Bignoniaceae 4 13 Malvaceae 4 14 Papilionaceae 4 15 Nyctaginaceae 3 16 Rhizophoraceae 3 17 Rubiaceae 3 18 Bombacaceae 2 19 Capparaceae 2 20 Commelinaceae 2






21 Cucurbitaceae 2 22 Ehretiaceae 2 23 Lythraceae 2 24 Myrtaceae 2 25 Oleaceae 2 26 Rutaceae 2 27 Sonneratiaceae 2 28 Acanthaceae 1 29 Aizoaceae 1 30 Anacardiaceae 1 31 Annonaceae 1 32 Ascelpiadaceae 1 33 Barringtoniaceae 1 34 Boraginaceae 1 35 Casurinaceae 1 36 Chenopodiaceae 1 37 Combretaceae 1 38 Cycadaceae 1 39 Lecythidaceae 1 40 Loranthaceae 1 41 Meliaceae 1 42 Meliaceae 1 43 Moringaceae 1 44 Papaveraceae 1 45 Poaceae 1 46 Polygonaceae 1 47 Proteaceae 1 48 Rhamnaceae 1 49 Salvadoraceae 1 50 Sapotaceae 1 51 Sterculiaceae 1 52 Tiliaceae 1 53 Typhaceae 1

Grand Total 134 Mangrove Ecosystem Altogether 19 species of mangroves and their associates were enumerated and identified on field and. Some species are collected from literature and added to the list. Avicennia marina was the most common while Rhizophora mucronata and Excoecaria agallocha were rare mangrove species. Salvadora persica was found in the mudflat areas which are frequently used by Mynas, Crows and Bulbuls. Among mangrove associates Derris uliginosa, Sesuvium portulacastrum and Clerodendrum inerme were prominent species found the mangrove areas. The mangrove and their associate species are given in Table 3.25.






Table 3.25: Mangrove and their associate species of the study area

Sl No Species Name Family Name Habit

1 Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Verbenaceae Shrub

2 Avicennia officinallis L. Verbenaceae Tree 3 Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Sonneratiaceae Tree

4 Sonneratia apetala Buch.- Ham. Sonneratiaceae Tree

5 Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume Rhizophoraceae Tree

6 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny Rhizophoraceae Tree

7 Rhizophora mucronata Poir. Rhizophoraceae Tree 8 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Shrub

9

Salvadora persica L. var. wighitiana (Planch. Ex thw.) Verdc. Salvadoraceae Shrub

10 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Casurinaceae Tree 11 Excoecaria agallocha L. Euphorbiaceae Tree 12 Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae Shrub 13 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Aizoaceae Herb

14 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Verbenaceae Shrub

15 Avicennia officinallis L. var. acutissima Verbenaceae Tree

16 Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Cyperaceae Herb 17 Suaeda fruticosa Chenopodiaceae Herb

18 Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. Ex Thw. Poaceae Herb

19 Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. Typhaceae Herb 3.9.2.2 Faunal diversity analysis

Avifauna A total of 30 bird species belonging to 18 families are recorded in the study area. The common birds recorded were Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus, Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, House Crow Corvus splendens, Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus etc. Oriental White Ibis Threskiornis malanocephalus is a near threatened bird which sighted in the mangrove areas. The total list of birds is given in below mentioned Table 3.26.






Table 3.26 List avifauna recorded in the study area

SL No

Common Name Scientific Name Family Distribution Status

1 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Muscicapidae R C 2 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae LM C 3 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae R C 4 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Recurvirostridae R C 5 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R A 6 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Muscicapidae R A 7 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae R A

8 Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos Glareolidae W C

9 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Glareolidae W R 10 House Crow Corvus splendens Curvidae R A 11 Median Egret Mesophoyx intermedia Ardeidae LM O 12 Large Egret Casmerodius albus Ardeidae LM O 13 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae R A

14 Little Ringed-Plover

Charadrius dubius Glareolidae W C

15 Oriental White Ibis Threskiornis

malanocephalus Threskiornithidae LM C

16 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R C 17 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae R A

18 Red-wattled Lapwing

Vanellus indicus Glareolidae R A

19 Rufousbacked Shrike

Lanius schach Laniidae R C

20 Small Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae LM C 21 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata Ploceidae R R 22 Whiskered Tern Chidonias hybridus Laridae R C 23 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae R C 24 Black Kite Milvus migrans govinda Accipitridae R C 25 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica Laridae LM C 26 Blue Rock Piegon Columba livia Columbidae R C

27 Rose-ringed Parakeet

Psittacula krameri Psittacidae R C

28 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Cuculidae R C

29 Small Blue Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae R C

30 Oriental Magpie-Robin

Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae R C

Note: R: Resident; LM: Local Migrant; C: Common; O: Occasional; WM: Winter migrant; A: Abundant Among the families, Ardeidae has 6 number of species followed by Glareolidae (4), Muscicapidae (3), Laridae and Ploceidae each with two species. The distribution of avifauna among families is given below in Table 3.28.






Table 3.27 Family-wise distribution of avifauna in the study area

Family No of species

Ardeidae 6 Glareolidae 4 Muscicapidae 3 Laridae 2 Ploceidae 2 Accipitridae 1 Alcedinidae 1 Apodidae 1 Columbidae 1 Cuculidae 1 Curvidae 1 Laniidae 1 Meropidae 1 Psittacidae 1 Pycnonotidae 1 Recurvirostridae 1 Sturnidae 1 Threskiornithidae 1 Grand Total 30

Butterflies There are 14 butterfly species belonging to 5 families which were identified in a random survey around the study area. Grey Pansy Junonia atlites is sighted in mangrove areas. The list of butterflies recorded from the study area is provided in Table 3.28.

Table 3.28 List of butterflies in the study area SL No Common Name Scientific Name Family

1 Common Rose Pachliopta

aristolochiae Papilionidae

2 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Papilionidae 3 Common Mormon Papilio polytes Papilionidae

4 Common Grass yellow

Eurema hecabe Pieridae

5 Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta Pieridae 6 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Pieridae 7 Common Jezebell Delias eucharis Pieridae 8 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Nymphalidae 9 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Nymphalidae

10 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Nymphalidae 11 Common Crow Euploea core Nymphalidae 12 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Nymphalidae 13 Stripped Pierrot Tarucus nara Lycaenidae 14 Plain Banded Owl Hasora vitta Hesperiidae






Fish Several species of fishes are available in the mangrove water and collected by local fisherman. Some of them are Indian Tarpon Megalops sp., Guppy Guppy poecila, Catfish Clarius sp., Tilapia Oreochronis mossambicus, Mullet Mugil cephulus, Mud-skipper Periophthalmus sp., and Eel Anguilla sp. are common in the mangrove areas. They come along tidal water and also live in puddles in mangroves. Reptiles The survey of BPCL surrounding area was done by Bombay Natural History Society. They have recorded 5 species of snakes, one species of lizards and 2 types of skinks. Snake species recorded were Common Kukri Oligodon arnensis, Dog faced water snake Cerberus rhyncops, Common Indian Cobra Naja Naja, Russel’s Viper Daboia russelii and Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus. Only one species of lizard is found i.e. Common Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor. Two species of skinks recorded were Forest Skink Mabuya macularia and Common Skink Mabuya carinata. Common Kukri snake is recorded in salt pan areas. Dog faced water snake is a typical mangrove snakes can be observed over mudflats in search of crabs and mudskippers. Mammals The Jackal Canis aureus, Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi, Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica and Indian Mole-Rat Bandicota bengalensis are recorded species in the surrounding areas which was mentioned in literature.

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic environment in the vicinity of any ensuing project is affected by the mode of change that is likely to occur due to the beneficial or adverse effects arising out of the project activity. The impact of such change is dependent upon likely job opportunities economic output immigration strain on the existing basic amenities and overall impact on the quality of environment, which may impair the health status of the people living in that geographical area. The projection of such assessment calls for collection of the baseline and background information about the socio-economic and demographic environment of the surrounding areas of the proposed site. A study area comprising an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project was chosen for studying the socio-economic characteristics. For study of baseline status of socio-economic profile, the area falling within 10 km radius from the proposed location of the refinery has been considered as the study area. Study of socio-economic profile is based mainly on census data for 2001. The emphasis on socio-economic aspect of the environment is due to realization that the total environment includes factors associated directly and indirectly; within human concerns and aspirations some basic information was collected. Such basic amenities and information are about demographic structure, water supply, medical, education institutions and sanitation, recreation facilities, police stations, and power supply, industrial and commercial activities.

3.10.1 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AT MUMBAI

Total population of the study area is furnished in Table 3.29. The sex ratio is expressed as number of female per 1000 male. Sex ratio is an important factor in demographic study. This is linked with women's development status and also occupational status of an area. The sex ratio at Mumbai environs works out to be 838 as per census 2011.






3.10.2 EDUCATION AND LITERACY

Literacy status in the area is presented in Table 3.29. A person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is taken as literate. From 2011 Census children aged between 0-6 years are not considered for literacy statistics. The % Literates at Mumbai environ works out to be 86 % and the Male and Female % Literates are 88 % and 90% respectively.

3.10.3 BASIC AMENITIES

The basic amenities such as education, medical facilities, water & power supply, transportation facilities and presence of police station in each section of the study area is presented in Table 3.30.

TABLE 3.29 - Population and Literacy Data of Study Area

Section/Ward Population Literates

Person Male Female Person Male Female Mumbai (suburban) 9332481 5025165 4307316 7685917 4304754 3381163 Mumbai 3145966 1711650 1434316 2551669 1423020 1128649

Source: Population Data of 2011, Office of the Registrar General & Census commissioner, India

TABLE 3.30 - Basic Amenities of Each Section in the Study Area

BASIC AMENITIES

Section – Ward / AMENITIES

Education Medical Water Power Transportation Police Station

6-MANDVI SC,CL H,D OHT,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

8-UMERKHADI SC,CL H,D OHT,BWP

EL RD Present

9-DONGRI SC,CL H,D OHT,BWP

EL RD Present

10-KHARA TALAO SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

21-MAHALAXAMI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

22-MAZGAON SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

23-TADWADI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

24-1st NAYGPADA

SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

25- 2nd NAYGPADA


EL RD Present

26-KAMTHIPURA SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

27-BAYCULLA SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

28-PAREL SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present






29-SEWARI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

30-NAIGAUM SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

31-MATUNGA SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

32-SION SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

33-DADAR SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

34-MAHIM SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

35-PRABHADEVI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

36-WORLI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

37-CHINCPONKLI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

38-LOVEGROVE SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

39-SLAUGHTER HOUSE


EL RD Present

40-COLWADA & BANDRA HILL


EL RD Present

41 -PALI HILL SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

42-DANDA SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

43-KHAR SCHEME


EL RD Present

44-KHAR & PALI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

45-HILL ROAD & TURNER ROAD


EL RD Present

46-SANNTACRUZ (W)


EL RD,RL Present

47-SANTACRUZ (C)


EL RD,RL Present

48-SANTACRUZ (E)


EL RD,RL Present

49-VILE PARLE (E)


EL RD,RL Present

76-STATION TAKIA, KURLA


EL RD,RL Present

77-SWADESHI MILLS CHUNA BHATTI


EL RD Present

78- CHURCH HALL, NAUPADA & SEVEN VILLAGE


EL RD Present

79-CHEMBUR PROPER


EL RD,RL Present

80-MAHUL SC,CL H,D OHT,SR EL RD,RL Present






,BWP 81-GHATKOPAR SC,CL H,D OHT,SR

,BWP EL RD,RL Present

82-KIROL, GHATKOPAR


EL RD Present

83-PANJARAPOL SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD Present

84-VIKHROLI SC,CL H,D OHT,SR,BWP

EL RD,RL Present

Source: Census Book 2001, Greater Mumbai Municipal Corporation. Abbreviations of Table 4.29 SC School BWP Bore well Pump CL College EL Electricity H Hospital RD Road D Dispensary RL Railway

OHT Over Head Tank SR

Surface Runoff


Document No. A257-EIA-1741-1301


EIA Study for installation of DHT project and associated facilities for production

of BS-IV HSD at BPCL-Mumbai Refinery



CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES








4.0 INTRODUCTION

The description of the existing environmental setting/baseline conditions is presented in Chapter-3. This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed Project.

The details on impact of the project activity on each of the above environmental attributes are discussed in subsequent sections.

4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 4.1.1 Construction Phase

The construction of the proposed project would require input from civil, mechanical aspects including transport, labour etc. In order to identify the probable impacts, it is essential that impacts of all the activities that are likely to take place during construction phase are identified.

4.1.2 Operational Phase After completion of construction of various facilities, the plant would be commissioned for operation. The activities involved in the operational phase of the project are discussed in subsequent sections. Prior to commissioning of the units, after completion of construction, a number of pre-commissioning operations like cleaning and hydrostatic testing of pipelines, vessels etc., starting of mechanical and rotating equipment etc. will be carried out. After successful pre-commissioning activities, the operation of plant will start.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS BEARING IMPACTS

The impact on each of the environmental components is identified during construction and operational phase. A summary matrix for the activity and the environmental components is given later in this chapter. All the environmental factors have been assessed based on the present conditions prevailing in the study area. The impacts due to various activities on environmental components are studied. The components adopted for this study are listed below:

Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Land Environment Biological Environment Socio-Economic Environment

4.2.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.2.1.1 Construction Phase Impacts of construction activities on air quality are cause for concern mainly in the dry

months due to conditions for formation and entrainment of dust particles. The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of equipment at








site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities. The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities depend upon the type of soil being excavated and the ambient humidity levels. Thus, the dust generated during the construction activities will spread to the nearby areas. The impact will be for short duration especially during construction phase and confined locally to the construction site. The composition of dust in this kind of operation is, however, mostly inorganic and non-toxic in nature.

Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase

is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOX, PM, CO and un-burnt hydrocarbons. However, since the increase in the number of vehicles necessary for construction work is small, the consequent emission will be insignificant. It may, therefore, be deduced that construction activities may cause changes in the PM levels locally. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal, and temporary in nature.

The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction

phase. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on roads and construction site etc. are some of the measures that would greatly reduce the impacts during the construction phase.

4.2.1.2 Operation Phase

The air emissions from the proposed project will be from GT and furnace of DHT. The primary fuel to be used for operation of these units will be RLNG. The details of emissions from these units are given in subsequent sections.

It is to be noted here that the present baseline Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) data collected

and used in this EIA study does not include, any contribution from the source due to the ongoing CCR project, CDU-4 and ISOM projects. In order to achieve a realistic result, the maximum ground level concentration predicted in the earlier EIA study for ISOM project is included with the resultant of proposed stack emissions.

4.2.1.3 Air Pollution Modeling

The prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) of pollutants emitted from the stacks have been carried out using AERMOD (ISCST-3) Air Quality Simulation model released by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which is also accepted by Indian statutory bodies. This model is basically a Gaussian dispersion model which considers multiple sources. The model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions of plume rise for each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorological data sequentially and calculates short term averages up to 24 hours. The impact has been predicted over a 20 km X 20 km area (10 Km from all around centre) with the proposed location of the stack as the centre. Meteorological data plays an important role in computation of Ground Level Concentration using ISCST-3 model. Meteorological data of the project site is another input required for computation of the contribution by the proposed plant. The parameters required are:

Wind velocity and direction Stability Mixing height Temperature








The hourly wind speed, solar insolation and cloudiness during the day whereas in the night, wind speed and cloudiness parameters were used to determine the hourly atmospheric stability Class A to F (Pasquill and Gifford). Data related to wind velocity and direction were generated during the monitoring period. Part of this site specific monitored data have been used as input data of the model during computation.

The hourly occurrence of various stability classes at the project site is also an important input parameter to the model. Further site specific mixing depth (mixing height or convective stable boundary layer and inversion height or nocturnal stable boundary layer) is also an important input parameter for computation and assessment of realistic dispersion of pollutants. There are different methods for generating these parameters, but in the present case data published by CPCB in Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Indian region have been used. The above computation is considering the stack emissions only and does not take into account any changes in the fugitive emission. However, since the fugitive emissions are being released mainly from near ground sources, are not expected to travel / disperse to a longer distance to reach beyond the plant boundary and thus are not expected to have any impact on the ambient air.

4.2.1.4 Industrial Source Complex Short Term - 3 (ISCST3) Model The Industrial Source Complex – Short Term Version 3 (ISCST-3) models has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from the point sources on air quality. The ISCST-3 model was adopted from the USEPA guidelines which are routinely used as a regulatory model to simulate plume dispersion and transport from and up to 100 point sources and 20000 receptors. ISCST–3 is extensively used for predicting the GLCs of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The impacts of conservative pollutants were predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain at and around the project site. The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period have been used in this model. The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind air. The inputs needed for model development are emission load and nature, meteorology and topographic features, to predict the GLCs.

The ISCST-3 model is, an hour-by-hour steady state Gaussian model which takes into account the following:

- Terrain adjustments - Stack-tip downwash - Gradual plume rise - Buoyancy-induced dispersion - Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection - Plume reflection off elevated terrain - Building downwash - Partial penetration of elevated inversions - Hourly source emission rate, exit velocity, and stack gas temperature

The ISCST-3 model, thus, provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations.








The ISC short term model for stacks uses the steady-state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous elevated source. For each source and each hour, the origin of the source's coordinate system is placed at the ground surface at the base of the stack. The x axis is positive in the downwind direction, the y axis is crosswind (normal) to the x axis and the z axis extends vertically. The fixed receptor locations are converted to each source's coordinate system for each hourly concentration calculation. The hourly concentrations calculated for each source at each receptor are summed to obtain the total concentration produced at each receptor by the combined source emissions. In the present study, the micro-meteorological data i.e., wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and ambient temperature was collected by M/s Netel M/s Netel (India) Ltd for the month of January to April, 2013 was used. The source data i.e. continuous stack emissions from different process units have been calculated based on the design data of the respective process units. The input data requirements for each source include data specific to the source and its type (whether point, area or volume source). The source-input requirements for running the program are the emission height, location, exit velocity, exit temperature and strength. The receptor data can be given either as polar, rectangular Cartesian or discrete ones. The program control includes options regarding pollutant type, dispersion options, averaging time, flag pole receptor and exponential decay etc. For the proposed project two cases have been considered for evaluating ambient air quality. CASE-1: Emission for Post-ISOM (Pre-DHT) project scenario This includes stack emissions from proposed ISOM project and on going CCR & CDU-4 projects. Ambient air quality predicted from air quality modeling will be added to existing baseline ambient air values to get the resultant ambient air quality for Post-ISOM project scenario. For ISOM project, fuel requirement in the existing boilers will increase due to the increase in steam demand. However, there will be a reduction in fuel consumption of CRU modified to ISOM.The fuel used in the boilers will be a mix of low sulfur fuel oil, LSHS and ‘Nil’ sulphur refinery fuel gas.The proportion of gas and oil firing will be maintained to ensure that there is no net increase in SO2 emissions post ISOM. For ongoing CCR project, there is change in NOX emission but there will be no additional SO2 emission due to use of ‘nil’ sulphur degasified liquefied Natural Gas. For ongoing CDU-4 project there are changes in SO2 and NOX emissions. CASE-2: Emissions for proposed DHT scenario This includes stack emissions from proposed DHT project. Ambient air quality predicted from air quality modeling will be added to existing baseline ambient air values to get resultant ambient air quality for proposed DHT project.

4.2.1.5 Impacts on Ambient Air due to releases of SO2

For predicting SO2 values, stacks for post ISOM and proposed DHT project (given in Table- 4.1 & 4.2 ) is used for air quality prediction as there is no emission of SO2 in ongoing CCR project and there is no net increase in SO2 emission from proposed DHT project.








Table 4.1: Stack emission details of SO2 for post ISOM scenario

Name of Emission Source

Physical Height

of Stack from Ground Level

(m)

Stack Tip Dia. (m)

Exit Temp.

(oC)

Exit Gas Flow

(Nm3 / hr) SO2, kg/hr

Existing Stacks

New Stacks

CDU-4 Project

CDU B1 75 3.2 263 44678 -20.54 - CDU B2 75 3.2 218 18783 -7.33 - FPU B1 61 2.2 225 27524 -11.37 -

CDU F01/02 64.6 3.4 260 60917 -37.5 - CDU NB2A 60 3.2 202 92118 -36.86 - HCU H801 65 2.9 225 63954 -25.58 -

HVU 67.8 1.7 260 35404 -15.70 - New

CDU/VDU 89 3.9 150 125150 - 89.79

Total -154.89 89.79 ISOM Project HEB 1 70 1.7 137 52715 0.207 MT/D 0.46

MT/D

HEB 2 70 1.7 139 53433 0.271 MT/D 0.46 MT/D

HEB 3 70 1.7 139 51305 0.258 MT/D 0.44 MT/D

CRU B1 61 2.15 330 8439 0.61 MT/D 0.0MT/D HDS H101 & HDS H102 60 0.8 230 10850 0.61 MT/D 0.0MT/D

Total 1.36 MT/D 56.66 kg/hr

1.36 MT/D 56.66 kg/hr

Table 4.2: Stack emission details of SO2 for proposed DHT project

Stack Physical Height of Stack from Ground Level

(m)

Stack Tip Dia. (m)

Exit Temp.

(oC)

Flue Gas Flow

(Nm3/Hr) SO2

kg/hr

DHT Furnace 60 2 150 36495 0 GT+HRSG 60 3.5 150 350000 0

Total 0

Air quality modeling was done based on Table-4.1 for Pre-DHT scenario and the isopleths generated in ISCST-3 software for 24 hourly maximum average for SO2 is shown in Figure 4.1 (CASE-1) and as there are no sulphur emissions from proposed DHT project, there is no net SO2 emissions from DHT project.








Table 4.3– Predicted values of GLC for SO2

Maximum 24 hr GLC

g/m3


(0,0) Co-ordinates

(m)

Distance from the

plant boundary

(m)

Maximum 98

Percentile Baseline


g/m3

Resultant 98




boundary

13.91 20.96


No net SO2 emission from DHT project

From the table 4.3, SO2 value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of post ISOM project scenario (CASE-1) is predicted as 7.05 g/m3 and by superimposing the same with background SO2 level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 20.96 g/m3 (CASE-1). This SO2 value is well within the standard limit of 80 g/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas. There will be no SO2 emission from proposed DHT project scenario (CASE-2).








Figure 4.1 – Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of SO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in Post-ISOM project scenario (CASE-1)

POST








4.2.1.6 Impacts due to releases of NOX

For predicting NOX values stack emissions for post ISOM project (given in Table- 4.4), proposed DHT project (given in Table- 4.4) been used for air quality prediction:

Table- 4.4: Stack Emissions details for NO2 for post ISOM project

Furnace

Physical Height

of Stack from

Ground Level (m)

Stack Tip Dia.

(m)

Exit Temp.

(oC)

Flue Gas Flow

(Nm3/Hr) NOx MT/D

CDU-4 Project

HEB 1 70 1.7 137 52715 0.197 HEB 2 70 1.7 139 53433 0.103 HEB 3 70 1.7 139 51305 0.144 CRU B1 61 2.15 330 8439 0.011 HDS H101 & HDS H102 60 0.8 230 10850 0.033 CDU B1 75 3.2 263 44678 -3.23 CDU B2 75 3.2 218 18783 -1.33 FPU B1 61 2.2 225 27524 -3.79 CDU F01/02 64.6 3.4 260 60917 -3.12 CDU NB2A 60 3.2 202 92118 -22.9 HCU H801 65 2.9 225 63954 -8.56 HVU 67.8 1.7 260 35404 -3.56 New CDU/VDU 89 3.9 150 125150 43.75

CCR Project

CCR NHT (140 F001/140F002)

75 1.9 140 22064.36 6

CCR (141A F101 /F102 /F103/F104/F105)

88.5 3.8 143 138633 35

HGU-1

60 1.7 155 103697 -43

HGU-2

60 2.5 155 119479 -25

Table 4.5: Stack Emissions details for proposed DHT project

Stack Physical Height of Stack from Ground Level

(m)

Stack Tip Dia.

(m)

Exit Temp.

(oC)

Flue Gas Flow

(m3/Hr)

Volumetric flow rate (mg/m3)

NOx MT/D

DHT Furnace 60 2 150 36495 161.67 0.14

GT+HRSG 60 3.5 150 350000 142.85 1.2








Total 1.34

Air quality modeling was done and the isopleths generated in ISCST-3 software for 24 hourly maximum average for NOX is shown in Figure 4.2 (CASE-1) and Figure 4.3 (CASE-2) the results are tabulated in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Predicted values of GLC for NOX

NOX(24 hourly maximum) Maximum

24 hr GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC From BPCL Main Gate

House (0,0) Co-ordinates

(m)

Distance from the

plant boundary

(m)

Maximum 98 Percentile Baseline


g/m3

Resultant 98




boundary

21.77 27.22



boundary

27.22 (GLC of

Post DHT project)

34.23

From the table 4.6, NOX value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of post ISOM project scenario (CASE-1) is predicted as 5.45 g/m3 and the maximum GLC for proposed DHT project scenario (Case-2) is predicted as 7.01 g/m3 By superimposing the same with background NOX level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 27.22 g/m3 (CASE-1) and 34.23 g/m3 (CASE-2). In both the cases the NOX value is well within the standard limit of 80 g/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas.








Figure 4.2: Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of NO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in Post-ISOM project scenario (CASE-1)

POST








Figure 4.3: Predicted GLC for 24hour Maximum Concentration values of NO2 due to emissions from the emission sources in proposed DHT scenario (CASE-2)








4.2.1.7 Mitigation measures

During the design phase all efforts have been made to adopt latest state of art technology and to install adequate pollution control measures and for possible fugitive emission sources. The following mitigation measures will be employed during operation period to reduce the pollution level to acceptable limits:

To ensure that all the pollution control facilities envisaged at the design stage

have been implemented and are functioning properly. Nil’ sulphur fuel (amine treated Refinery Fuel Gas with nil H2S) will be used in DHT. Stack monitoring to ensure proper functioning of different pollution control facilities

attached to major stacks. Existing On-line analyzers will be used for monitoring SO2 and NOX.

Existing low NOX burners will be used for control of NOx. Air monitoring in the Work-zone to ensure proper functioning of fugitive emission

control facilities. Vehicles and machineries would be regularly maintained so that emissions confirm

to the applicable standards. Monitoring of ambient air quality through online AAQ monitoring system at three

locations to measure/monitor the pollution level. Workers will be provided with adequate protective measures to protect them from

inhaling dust. Design of the plant system to meet the OISD requirements. Provisions of the Safety Systems in the design with redundancy, and reliability are

considered in depth. Operation of the plant by qualified manpower Regular monitoring and review to ensure safe operation. Regular monitoring by Environmental Cell to demonstrate the compliance with

Statutory limits in the public domain. Demountable flare of 125 m height for better dispersion of pollutants.


Impact on water environment due to the proposed facilities of Refinery will be in terms of water use and waste water generation.

4.2.2.1 WATER QUALITY IMPACT - CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Water is required during construction phase for construction, sanitary and drinking purposes. Most of the unskilled and skilled workers mobilized to construction site will be staying in the available accommodation in the vicinity of the refinery. Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. However, due to the construction being carried out on flat terrain and relatively small area under construction, the soil losses will be negligible. Existing /mobile toilet facility shall be provided by Contractor for minimising the impact. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed project will be short term, insignificant and reversible.








4.2.2.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT - OPERATIONAL PHASE

During the operational phase impact on water environment can be due to two reasons, firstly due to use of raw water and secondly due to disposal of treated effluent from the plant. Total raw water demand for the proposed DHT project will be around 3096 m3/ day. This includes makeup raw water for cooling water systems. 2600 m3/hr re-circulating Cooling water will be required for the proposed DHT project

Net steam requirement will be around 116 MT/hr for proposed DHT project which will be met partly from new HRSG and partly from existing steam generation system. Hence, no significant impacts are expected on account of the fresh water as there is no additional fresh water demand for the proposed project.

4.2.2.3 WASTE WATER GENERATION


4.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Source of Noise during construction and operational phase and their impacts are described below:

4.2.3.1 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT - CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading engineering equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those, close to the site especially along the road connecting the site and main road. At the peak of the construction an increase of about 10 dB(A) (Canter, 1977) is expected to occur. Other activities which can produce periodic noise are as follows:

Foundation construction including pile driving Infrastructure construction Plant construction

The typical noise levels of some of the construction equipment are given in Table 4.8. The peak noise levels for non continuous construction activity may be as high as 90 dB(A) (Canter, 1977). Sporadic peak noise from such activities will have impact on nearby settlements. Overall the impact of generated noise on the environment will be small and limited to day hours.








4.2.3.2 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT - OPERATIONAL PHASE

Sources of Noise The source of noise during the operational phase of the plant will be mainly pumps, steam turbine and boiler house. The other source of noise will be increase in the movement of vehicles along the road. Typical noise levels generated by various equipments are given in Table 4.7 & 4.8.

Table 4.7: Typical Noise Levels of Some Construction Equipment

DESCRIPTION NOISE LEVELS dB(A) REFERENCE DISTANCE

Earth movers Front Loaders 72-84 0.9 m Backhoes 72-93 0.9 m Tractors 76-96 0.9 m Scrapers, Graders 80-93 0.9 m Pavers 86-88 0.9 m Trucks 82-94 0.9 m

Material Handlers Concrete mixers 75-88 0.9 m Concrete pumps 81-83 0.9 m Cranes(movable) 75-86 0.9 m Cranes (derrick) 86-88 0.9 m

Stationary Equipment Pumps 69-71 0.9 m Generators 71-82 0.9 m Compressors 74-86 0.9 m Impact based Equipment Pneumatic Wrenches 83-88 0.9 m Jack hammer and rock drills 81-98 0.9 m Pile drivers (peak) 95-105 0.9 m Pneumatic pavement breakers 108-102 1 m

Table 4.8: Typical Noise Levels of Various Equipments

S. No. ITEM IDENTIFICATION NOISE LEVEL dB (A)

1. Pump 85 2. Compressor 85 3. Boiler 85 4. D G Set 85 5. Cooling Tower 95 6. Flare 70 7. Furnace 85

The impact due to operation of the plant will be restricted within the plant limit and is a concern for work place environment rather than for the residents of the area.








4.2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.2.4.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT - CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During the construction period, there will be short-term socio-economic impacts, which include employment and population, economic activities, housing and settlement and the need for basic facilities / amenities.

4.2.4.1.1EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION

Direct employment will be created during this period. Most of the workers required are unskilled and semi-skilled. In addition, some indirect employment may be created but the number is very much limited to commercial activities like selling food and sundry items, transportation and security. Considering the large increase in demand for workers, it is expected that the majority of them will come from outside. A limited number of local residents may be hired from a pool of unemployed or from those who are willing to switch jobs temporarily, especially those in the unskilled category. Consequently, there will be temporary migration of people from other districts and other states. This may affect the population structure in terms of age, number, ethnic and sex composition. It is expected that the population will increase in favor of higher male / female ratio and larger proportion of young labour force. There will be a need for some social adjustment and control to avoid conflicts with the existing residents. During the construction period, there will be short term socio-economic impacts, which include increase in floating population, additional strain on civic amenities like road, transport, communication, drinking water, sanitation and other facilities to meet the work force requirement. The project will provide temporary employment of skilled and highly skilled manpower. Most of the people will be employees of contractors/ subcontractors. The number of employees deployed is likely to increase gradually, peak and then gradually fall to normal levels on the completion of the project. The project will thus not have any significant impact on the employment scenario.

4.2.4.1.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

The implementation of the project is expected to alter to a certain degree the existing economic activities in the area. The increase in construction activity will generate income from direct and indirect employment and consequently increase the general price level in the area. This may have some adverse temporary effect on the poor population due to higher cost of living.

4.2.4.1.3 HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT

The proposed construction site is located within the refinery complex. During the construction phase most of the employees deployed will stay in the residential areas in the vicinity. As such, no housing will be provided at site from safety and security point of view.








4.2.4.1.4 BASIC FACILITIES / AMENITIES The construction of proposed facilities is expected to have some significant impact on the provision of basic social amenities in the area. The addition of workers certainly requires an increase in the existing supply of water, electricity, telephone, medical, transport, and waste disposal facilities. Other facilities like post, education and recreation may not be that crucial for the new workers. But to ensure harmony and social stability, the security of the workers is essential.

4.2.4.1.5 INFRASTRUCTURE

The movement of workforce to and from place of work, and the movement of vehicles carrying equipment and construction material is expected to increase the stress on the local transport and road network. However, considering the number of people deployed, the impact on road/traffic is marginal. The traffic density on the road opposite M/s BPCL's colony shows that there is high traffic density round the clock with very little variation in traffic density. Considering the number of workers involved in the construction activity there will be marginal increase in traffic. The strain on road network due to additional traffic will be insignificant. Since, the construction site is located in an industrial area and is significantly away from public road network there will not be any disturbance to traffic on account of any obstructions. In order to minimize impact, scheduling for the receipt of all construction materials and equipment will be done in order to avoid peak traffic conditions, to the extent possible. Hence, the impact on infrastructure facilities is marginal and reversible in nature.

4.2.4.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT - OPERATION PHASE

The operation and maintenance phase tends to take effect for much longer term and therefore, any impact during this period is expected to be more lasting or permanent in nature.

4.2.4.2.1 EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION Once the project enters the operation phase, the construction workers will be replaced by existing permanent workers. Most of them are experienced, semi-skilled, skilled or professional. The number of direct employment expected to be generated is limited. However, the increase in population, even after taking into account the family members of the permanent workers, is not substantial enough to cause any major change to employment and population structure in the area.

4.2.4.2.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

The economic activities of the population in the area are not expected to face substantial changes. The new jobs created by the proposed project are not expected to displace workers in the area. However, the process of industrialization, commercialization and urbanization is going to be rapid. Changes in economic structure in the long run are part of the evolution in the whole economic system. The development of the total project facilities is a part of the whole system which is moving towards higher standards of living for the population.








4.2.4.2.3 HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT

Since the new permanent workers are likely to be limited, housing facilities need to be increased accordingly to fulfill the increase in demand.

4.2.4.2.4 BASIC FACILITIES/AMENITIES

It is important that basic facilities be made available to the residents in the area. Since most of the new permanent workers belong to the higher income category and shall be housed in township, the problem of getting these facilities is not expected to be very serious.

4.2.4.2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE

During the operational phase there will be insignificant increase in the traffic density of the area mainly due to a small number of trucks to be deployed for transportation of chemicals, catalysts and by-product either to or from the refinery complex. This will significantly ease the strain on local infrastructure. Hence there will be no significant impact on traffic and road network.

4.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

During Construction Phase, Surplus earth (if any) and Construction debris may be generated as well as Metal scrap and packaging materials whereas during Operational phase, Hazardous Wastes expected to be generated from the proposed new facilities like oily sludge, spent catalysts etc There shall be no additional sludge from Effluent Treatment Plant as Wet Air Regeneration unit (WAR unit) has been provided by BPCL at ETP. From proposed DHT project, 361.498 MT of spent catalyst will be generated every 4 years. The spent catalyst will be sold or recycled as per existing practices. All statutory rules / guidelines of MOEF / CPCB will be complied prior to recycle, reclamation or sale of spent catalyst. There is no additional generation of crude tank bottom sludge or any oily sludge, as the existing storage and offsite facilities will be used. All the sludge shall be handled and treated as per Hazardous Waste Management Rules. Oily & Chemical waste shall be handed over to approved Transport, storage, disposal facility (TSDF) waste operator. BPCL MR has membership of two TSDF namely Mumbai Waste Management Limited (MWML), and Trans Thane Creek Waste Management Association (TTCWMA).

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION

The identification and prediction of impact on various environmental components is followed by evaluation of these impacts. There are several methods available to evaluate environmental impacts such as the Matrix, Batelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) and overlay methods. Of these the matrix method is one of the most widely adopted methods and has been used for the present study. The methodology first involves the identification of all the major activities to occur during the construction and operational phase and identify their impact on various environmental components. This has already been done in chapter-3. Following this, impacts are predicted using mathematical modeling and qualitative techniques. This has been covered in the earlier sections of this chapter.








The potential impacts on the environmental components resulting from the proposed activities are listed in EIA matrix (Table 4.10) along with the mitigatory measures. The potential significance of impacts has been indicated by assigning the alphabetical value as follows:

i) Short term impact : S ii) Long term impact : L iii) Permanent impact : P

The short-term impact qualifies those impacts or effects, which are of temporary and reversible nature. The long-term impacts qualify those impacts, which are of longer duration but generally of reversible type. The permanent impacts are those which leave the effect on a particular components or sub-components of environment on a permanent basis. Based on these guidelines the impact evaluation of various activities versus environment components is given in Table 4.9.








TABLE 4.9: Summary of Potential Impacts & Mitigating Measures of the Proposed DHT project at Mumbai Refinery

Item Project Activities Potential Impacts

Potential Significant S,L,P*

Mitigation Measures

Remarks

A. Construction Phase

1 Foundation Work

Increase in SPM in air S Spray water during construction to reduce SPM Compaction improves soil stability

Increase in Suspended Solids in water due to erosion by runoff

S

Enhancement in employment S Priority should be given to local residents

2 Transportation

Increase in SPM in air S Lorries must be covered to avoid spillages. Hosing down wheels of trucks & providing washing for vehicles

Decrease in tranquility S

Occurrence of accidents at construction site S

Increase in noise levels S

Degradation of existing road due to overloading S

Existing roads should be repaired & resurfaced if damaged during usage.

Enhancement in employment S

3 Solid Waste Disposal

Decrease in water quality due to leaching from waste pile S Waste collection and removal to be carried out

everyday

Accumulation of waste may lead to spreading of diseases/safety concerns.








Item Project Activities Potential Impacts

Potential Significant S,L,P*

Mitigation Measures

Remarks

Uncollected waste may give rise to bad odour S Waste collection and removal to be carried out

everyday

Enforcement of good practice of materials handling to ensure physical safety

B. OPERATION PHASE

4 Solid waste generation

Uncontrolled disposal will cause air/ground water pollution

L Hazardous waste shall be handled/treated/ disposed suitably as per Hazadous waste management rules or to be sold for reprocessing

5 Liquid effluent Untreated liquid effluent will cause surface/ground water pollution

L

There will be additional 35 m3/hr effluent generation. Negligible effluent like floor wash etc. will be routed to existing waste water treatment plant for treatment before disposal

Treated water from ETP is recycled as make up water to raw water cooling towers

6 Mechanical process Increase in noise. L

Noisy equipment should be located such that the noise level at the plant perimeter does not exceed permissible levels.

The main mechanical equipments are pumps and compressors

7 Fugitive emission

Probable emission of hydrocarbons will cause air pollution & hazardous

S

Leak detection system to be provided. There shall also be leak detection and repair (LDAR) programme for quantification and control of fugitive emission.

Monitoring of air quality & data on fugitive emissions shall be regularly monitored and recorded around the storage area within the project area and appropriate action to be taken if air quality is found to be deteriorating

8 Gas/Vapour emission

Only NOx emissions will be released to atmosphere. L Low NOx burners will be used. Quality of exhaust gases to be

monitored on line.

* S – Short Term Impacts, L – Long Term Impacts & P – Permanent Impacts.

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CHAPTER – 5

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

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5.0 INTRODUCTION

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operations. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried out over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE Development of the program during the planning process shall be conducted or supported by environmental specialists. However, the implementation responsibility rests with working managers of BPCL. They should fully understand, ensure and subscribe to the commitments being made. These commitments will include the legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate commitment to responsible environment management. BPCL already has an Engineering Group to review the effectiveness of environment management system during construction and operational phase of existing and proposed project expansion. The Environmental Monitoring Cell (EMC) is a part of Engineering Group who works for monitoring and meet regularly to review the effectiveness of the EMP implementation. The data collected on various EMP measures would be reviewed by EMC and if needed corrective action will be formulated for implementation. The organogram of BPCL EMC is given below in Figure 5.1. Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological / biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad objectives of monitoring plan are:

To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental monitoring program.

To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment To suggest improvements in management plan, if required To enhance environmental quality.

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To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and evaluation of mitigative measure.

Figure 5.1 Energy & Environment group Organogram of BPCL

5.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Chapter 4 describes the impacts and mitigation measures envisaged during construction phase vis-à-vis the environmental components which are likely to get impacted in case mitigation measures are not adequately followed. In view of the same the environmental components / indicators which are to be monitored during construction phase are air, water, noise levels and soil. Due to limited construction activities, the environmental monitoring program shall be accordingly arranged. The air quality (at the project site and ambient air quality in the surrounding nearby villages) will indicate to which extent the mitigation measures are being followed. Similarly the up-stream and downstream surface water quality (w.r.t. project site), will indicate the quality and extent of wastewater from the project site is being discharged in to the canal (vis-à-vis the extent of environmental mitigation measures being followed during construction phase). Likewise the monitoring of ground water, up-gradient and down-gradient of project site will indicate seepage of pollutants in to ground water from the construction site.

The noise levels at the project site and surrounding premises has been planned to be assessed to which the construction workers are exposed during construction phase. This will indicate the level of noise mitigation measures being followed during the construction phase.

The soil quality at the project site will indicate the pollutant fallout from the construction site. The environmental monitoring program during construction phase is presented in Table 5.1. The implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility and the supervision will be done by BPCL.

DGM Technical

Chief Manager Energy & Environment

Sr. Manager Energy

Manager Environment

Dy. Manager Energy

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Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Program – Construction Phase (1 year)

Component Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring

No. of Samples / year (Locations X

Monitoring Frequency)

Air SO2, NOx, PM10 & PM2.5

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant

boundary. Once in a quarter for 1 year

2 x 4

Water

Surface Water: CPCB surface water criteria;

Ground Water: IS:10500

Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and One Down-gradient

of project site half yearly. 2 X 2

Noise Noise Levels Leq (A)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant

boundary. Once in a quarter for 1 year

2 x 4

Soil As per standard practice

At one location, in the project site. Twice in a year. 1 x 2

Note : Since the project involves modifications in within the existing boundary, construction period is 1 year (12 months)

5.4 OPERATION PHASE

The components / indicators of different environmental monitoring program are as under.

5.4.1 Monitoring For Pollutants

As stated under Chapter 4, the environmental stresses from pollutants are marginal. Often the range of impact is limited to the plant and in its immediate vicinity; the monitoring schedule is evolved accordingly.

5.4.1.1 Work zone noise levels

BPCL will monitor the noise levels inside and around the plant on a quarterly basis. Extensive survey will be done in occupied areas near the sources of noise. Monitoring will be done in twelve places on site (Table 5.2). BPCL will keep a record of noise levels and take necessary organizational actions like rotation of workmen, availability and use of personal protective devices, damage to enclosures or insulation layers over enclosures and piping.

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Table 5.2 Noise Level to be monitored

Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency

No. of Samples / year (Locations X

Monitoring Frequency Work zone Noise

Once a year at 12 locations inside the DHT plant.

12 X 1

*Noise Level in dB 5.4.1.2 Stack gas monitoring

The flue gas coming out from the stacks will be sampled and monitored for SO2, NOx, CO and PM. Monitoring of the flue gases will be done once in two months there will be two stacks under the proposed project, one for GT, and the other for furnace in DHT. So, for these 2 stacks total number of sampling / analysis per year will be 12 which is in addition to monitoring of all existing stacks.

Table 5.3 Stack Monitoring

Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency No. of Samples / year (Locations X Monitoring

Frequency) Flue gas sampling of stacks

Every 2 months for 2 stacks 6x2=12

SO2, NOx, CO and PM.

5.4.1.3 Effluent monitoring for ETP Effluent at the inlet and outlet from ETP at the site would be monitored. The parameters to be examined are pH, oil, phenol, Sulfides, TSS and BOD. The monitoring frequency will be minimum once per week or as prescribed by the MPCB. The effluent quality will be monitored at the inlet and outlet of the effluent treatment plant (ETP) as given in Table 5.4 to assess the performance of ETP.

Table 5.4: Monitoring of Effluent Inlet & Outlet of ETP

Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency No. of Samples / year

(Locations X Monitoring Frequency

Inlet and out let of ETP 54X2 = 2 2x54=108 * Parameters = pH, oil, Sulphide, TSS , BOD & COD & other parameters

5.4.2 METEOROLOGY

The temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and rainfall shall be monitored and recorded daily from the met station at AMS-1. These data shall be used

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for detailed short term and long term predictions of atmospheric dispersion of the pollutants released from the stack.

5.4.3 Ambient Air Quality

BPCL Mumbai Refinery has continuous ambient air monitoring stations at three locations in the refinery. The analyzers (CO, H2S, SO2, NOx) are calibrated at a frequency of once a month using zero and span gas through mass calibrator. It is necessary to monitor the air quality at the boundary of the refinery specifically with respect to SO2 and NOx. In addition to 3 monitoring locations, the AAQ in surrounding area at sports club will be monitored once in two months during the entire year except monsoon season. After the implementation of the proposed project the ambient air shall be regularly monitored as given in Table 5.5 or as per the directives given by CPCB / MPCB from time to time.

Table 5.5: Ambient air to be monitored

SN Description Number of

AAQ Stations

Monitoring Frequency

1. Ambient Air Quality (manual). Outside plant boundary in surrounding villages

3 Once in each month - 24 hr continuous (except monsoon) for PM 2.5, PM10, SO2 & NOx Continuous

* Parameters = PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX 5.4.4 Wastewater from Project Site

All the waste water generated within the refinery shall be treated up to the applicable standard. The treated wastewater from ETP will be utilized for cooling water make up in raw water cooling towers.

5.4.5 Ambient Noise

Ambient noise shall be monitored at two locations in surrounding the refinery, twice a year.

5.4.6 Ground Water Monitoring

Ground water shall be sampled from wells / hand-pumps / tube-wells, up gradient and down gradient of the plant area and the residential area to check for possible contamination and to ascertain the trend of variation in the water quality, if any. In case any adverse trend is noticed, immediate remedial measures shall be taken. Borewell sample is being analysed at two locations in the refinery every month.

5.4.7 Soil Quality Monitoring Soil samples from one location in the project site shall be analysed twice a year.

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5.4.8 Solid/Hazardous Waste Disposal

Hazardous waste generated from the refinery will be disposed to common TSDF as per applicable stipulations of statutory authorities. Periodic surveillance monitoring will be conducted to ensure that the wastes are disposed in the manner as specified.

5.4.9 Green Belt Development

The proposed DHT project is coming up at the existing Mumbai Refinery (MR) site. There is no additional area under the proposed project. Due to unavailability of land around the existing refinery, BPCL proposes to carry out plantation in and around Mumbai. In the month of November 2014, tree census was carried out at locations around BPCL MR where green belt has been developed. Data indicates that there are 3400 trees in and around the refinery. In addition, around 315 trees are there at the BPCL-Sports club which is adjacent to BPCL MR north boundary and 9100 (including 5000 regenerated) trees in and around BPCL-Staff colony located at 2 km from BPCL MR has good Simson Index of 10 which indicates good diversity of species and contains rich assemblage of species. Diversity of the BPCL colony is the highest. BPCL MR has planted 10000 trees in year 2014 around Mumbai as a part of Green Earth Campaign. In a unique collaborative venture with APMC, green belt of 4 acres was developed by BPCL MR at APMC ( Agricultural Produce Market Committee)Vashi plot no 8 and 10.Total 3000 tree saplings were planted during monsoon of 2014, and same is being maintained by APMC. Certificate received from APMC is being attached herewith as Annexure-VIII. Canopy cover of the refinery area which forms the green belt is as follows: Sr No. Area Distance from

Refinery Admin (Kms) Canopy in

Acres 1 Refinery 0 14 2 Refinery Boundary 0.1 10 3 BPCL Sports Club 1.7 1.2 4 BPCL Staff Colony Chembur 2.5 17 5 APMC Vashi 14.5 4 6 Lawn (Sports club) 5.5 7 Lawn (Refinery) 0.5 8 Lawn(Chembur Staff colony) 1.5 TOTAL 53.7

5.4.10 Socio-Economic Development

The proposed project will improve the infra-structure & socio-economic conditions thus will enhance the overall development of the region. The communities, which are benefited by the plant, are thus one of the key stakeholders. It is suggested that the plant management under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan will have structured interactions with the community to disseminate the measures planned / taken

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by BPCL and also to elicit suggestions from stake-holders for overall improvement for the development of the area. The proposed environmental monitoring program during operation phase of the expansion of BPCL is mentioned below Table 5.6.

Table 5.6: Proposed Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase S.No. Potential




1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx).

As per CPCB/ MPCB requirement

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, HC


Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Periodic during operation Phase at the AMS facility existing in the refinery

2 Indoor air contamination

Pollutants such as CO, CO2 and VOCs to be reduced by providing adequate ventilation.

Monitoring of indoor air pollutants such as CO, CO2 and VOCs.


3 Noise Noise generated from operation pumps/compressors/motors to be optimized and monitored.

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)


4 Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around refinery premises

Comprehensive monitoring as per applicable standards


5 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be disposed in nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.


Take care in disposal of Wastewater generated

Discharge norms for effluents as

As per CPCB/ MPCB

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such that soil and Groundwater resources are protected.

per ETP norms

requirement

6 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development at refinery administrative building.

No. of plants species


7 Health Migrant labour health check ups reports from authorized doctors are mandatory for issue of gate pass.Validity of medical check up report is 6 months.

Valid gate passes Random checks for people working in high risk jobs, as advised by supervisors/BPCL employees.

8 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized.

Energy audit report ENPI(Energy performance indicators) as per ISO50001:2011

Audits and periodic checks during operational phase

5.5 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

The budgetary provisions towards environmental monitoring program for refinery will be maintained in the capital Budget. The details of the same are provided in Table 5.6. Table 5.6: Budgetary provision for environmental protection measures

Environmental Facility Expenses Incurred (in Lakhs)

External services for environmental management 43 Other Env Cost 334 Treatment and dsposal of waste 66 Cleaner technology 1418

TOTAL 1861

5.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEF As per the requirements, the status of environmental clearance stipulation implementation will be submitted to MoEF every six months in hard and soft copy. These reports will be put up on MoEF web site as per their procedure and will be updated every six months. The pollutants will be monitored on monthly basis and reports will be submitted to MPCB and CPCB respectively, as per the requirements.






CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN






6.1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is planning and implementation of various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. The EMP lists out all these measures not only for the operational phase of the plant but also for the construction phase and planning phase. The EMP is prepared keeping in view all possible strategies oriented towards the impact minimisation.

The EMP for the proposed project is divided into three phases i.e. Planning, Construction and Operational phase. The planning phase lists out the control strategies to be adopted during the design considerations. The construction and operational phase detail out the control/abatement measures to be adopted during these phases.

6.1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT EXISTING REFINERY

As on today, all EC conditions stipulated by MoEF are implemented and a compliance statement is given in Annexure- I.

The basic principles adopted for the environmental management is given below:

a. All emissions are released below the stipulated limits. Emission summary of the

various sources is given in Chapter 2, clause no. 2.2.1.1 & 2.5.1.1. b. The total emissions of SO2 from the existing refinery complex are stipulated to 10.44

MTPD. c. Low sulfur fuel oil, nil H2S amine treated refinery fuel gas, Regassified Liquified

Natural Gas (R LNG) with nil sulfur is used as fuel for control of SO2 emission. d. Installation of low noise Low NOx burners e. Implemnetation of efficient technologies for minimizing fuel consumption. f. Stacks of adequate height for dispersion of flue gases. g. Provision of Hydrocarbon leak detectors in plant area h. Provision of SRU based on Maximum Claus Recovery Conversion ( MCRC) with an

efficiency of 99%. i. Engineering is in progress for increasing the efficiency of existing SRU to 99.9% by

Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU) j. Provision of floating roof tanks with secondary seal, guide pole sleeve for ligher

hydrocarbons for control of fugitive emission from tank farm. Fugitive emission monitoring is carried out as a part of LDAR programme at process plants.

k. Flare gas recovery system has been provided for recovery of flare gas l. Demountable flare system of 125 meter height has been provided for better

dispersion of gases at elevated height. m. Benzene Vapour Recovery Unit at lorry loading gantry for control of VOC’s. n. Provision of three continuous Ambient Air Monitoring stations o. Ground level concentrations of SO2 and NOx are predicted to be well within limits. p. Flare tip is designed to ensure smokeless conditions. q. Ambient air quality is monitored regularly. r. All noise generating equipment are identified and adequate safety measures are in

place. s. Audiometric tests are carried out as a part of routing medical monitoring for

employees and ambient noise monitoring is carried out at regular intervals. t. Periodic meetings are carried out for discussion of minimization of wastes generated

within refinery, their collection and disposal. u. Membership of two authorized waste management associations, namely MWML and

TTCWMA for disposal of hazardous waste v. Bioremediation of oily sludge.






w. Social welfare schemes are implemented towards corporate social responsibility.

x. Plantation of trees is undertaken to mitigate adverse effect of pollution emanating from refinery near Refinery and township region.

y. State of art waste water treatment plant based on Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment PACT and Wet Air Regeneration WAR for treatment of process effluents. Regular M&I of facility to meet the quality of treated effluent.

Detailed environmental management of each of the component is given in Chapter 2.0.

6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE 6.2.1. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Government of India (GoI) has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed project facilities are as follows.

- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended up to 1991 - The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, amended upto 2008, schedule 1, S.No.3 - Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2002 - Environment (Protection) fifth Amendment Rules, 2009, schedule VI, part D, Item III,

s.no.6 - Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2012 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended upto 1988. - No. 19 of 2003, [17/3/2003] - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess

(Amendment) Act, 2003. - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1977 as amended upto

1992 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 as amended upto

1992. - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Rules, 2011. - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, as amended upto 1987. - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983 - Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended up to 2009. - Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (Amendment)

Rules, 2000. - Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, amended up to 2010. - Common Hazardous waste Incinerator rules, The Environment (Protection) Rules,

1986, amended upto 2008, schedule 1, s.no.100

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents. Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this Project.

During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP studies to assess the risks involved.

The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges, noise generation, solid wastes disposal etc. are described below.

http://www.google.co.in/url?q=http://moef.nic.in/assets/513e.pdf&sa=U&ei=KSqsUbz6BY7SrQf2uYDQAg&ved=0CBoQFjAA&usg=AFQjCNEPMOz9XKI0f6wbysrudvQUYvoN3A

http://www.moef.nic.in/legis/water/wc_act_03.htm

http://www.moef.nic.in/legis/water/wc_act_03.htm

http://envfor.nic.in/downloads/rules-and-regulations/gsr830-831-e.pdf






6.2.2. Air Environment

The gaseous emissions from the refinery complex will be controlled to meet all the relevant standards stipulated by the regulatory authorities. Standards applicable to this refinery project can be classified into three categories:

Emission Standards VOC Emission and Control

The standards and compliance to the above standards are given below:

Emission Standards Air emission from each stack of the proposed project is given in chapter 2 and is complied with their applicable standards.

Some of the major features of these environmental measures are as follows:

Heaters/furnaces will be provided with well proven Low NOx burners to reduce the emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).

The heights of various stacks will be determined taking into consideration the

"Guidelines for Minimum Stack Height" as per notification by MoEF dated 19th May 1993, which fixes the minimum stack height based on emission of Sulphur Dioxide.

This is as given below:

H=14(Q) 0.3

Where, H = Stack Height in m, Q = Sulphur Dioxide emission in kg/hr.

If, the Pollution Control Board specifies any minimum stack height, the higher of the two will be selected. The refinery complex is designed in such a way that the total emissions from the refinery complex will meet all the applicable standards/stipulations.

VOC Emission and Control In petroleum complexes, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to air depends on the products handled at the plant and may include acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, toluene, and xylene. VOC emissions are mostly fugitive and depend upon the production processes, material handling and effluent treatment procedures, equipment maintenance, and climatic conditions. These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic compressor joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, valve packings and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling, relief valves, etc. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions, the following measures will be taken:

- Minimum number of flanges, valves, etc. - High grade gasket material for packing - Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves preferably with bellow seals






- Usage of pumps with mechanical seals

- Provisions of floating roof storage tanks - Provisions of double seal in some of storage tanks - Provision of seals in the drains and manholes

6.2.3 Noise Environment

The selection of additional equipment will be made with specification of low noise levels as a major consideration. The design will be undertaken with the aim of minimizing noise at source. Noise suppression measures such as enclosures and buffers will be used to limit noise levels in areas frequented by personnel to below 85 dB(A). Comprehensive measures for noise control, at the design stage, shall be followed in terms of:

- Noise level specification of various rotating equipment as per Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards.

- Equipment layout considering segregation of high noise generating sources. - Erecting suitable enclosures, if required, to minimize the impact of high noise

generating sources. - Sizing the flare lines with low Mach number to have lower noise levels. - Development of Green belt of appropriate width all around the Refinery complex

towards noise attenuation

6.2.4 Water Environment

At the design stage, there are several measures proposed to be incorporated in the process so as to minimise the impact on water environment during operational phase on the surrounding water bodies. Some of these measures are described in subsequent sections.

Water treatment within Refinery complex for various purposes shall include the following techniques which are efficient and provides small quantity of discharge.

Raw water treatment Plant: Water requirement for the project is proposed to be met from the already allocated quantity of water from existing source.

Effluent treatment Plant: A comprehensive Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is there to treat the effluent generated from various process units in the refinery.

6.2.5 Land Environment

During the design stage itself due care will be taken to select the process technologies generating minimum solid wastes so that their handling, treatment and disposal do not cause any serious impact on the existing land environment. Also, efforts will be made to recycle some of the spent catalysts by way of returning to the original supplier for reprocessing.






The solid wastes management plan proposed is briefly described below. The provisions of

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended up to 2009 will be complied with.

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase is localised in nature and is for a short period at all sites. In order to develop effective mitigation plan, it is important to conceive the specific activities during construction phase causing environmental impact. All the construction activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant and BPCL. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete EPC phase of the project. The various HSE requirements/Deliverables that will be developed is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

Sl.No. Element of HSE

Management System HSE Requirements/Deliverables

1.0 Preservation Development of Principal Environmental Flow Diagram and Environmental Balance

2.0 Progress HSE Measurement Requirements 3.0 Durable Development Implementation Plan for Environmental

Management Plan indicated in Final EIA report (Approved by MoEF)

4.0 Regulation Environmental Philosophy & Safety Philosophy

5.0 Prevention and Proactive Management of Risk

Implementation of findings of Risk Assessment Study

6.0 Continuous Improvement 6.1 HSE Close out Report 6.2 HSE Audit Requirements 6.3 Project HSE Review 7.0 Formation and

Sensibilisation HSE Training Requirements

8.0 Information and Communication

8.1 HSE Communication Requirements 8.2 HSE Resources 8.3 Competency Requirements 8.4 HSE Documentation 8.5 HSE Records 8.6 HSE Procedures 9.0 Responsibilities HSE Management System

Requirements QEHS Policy of BPCL BPCL is having well documented Quality, Environment, Occupational Health and Safety Policy for the workers and employees who are working in the refinery. The QEHS policy of BPCL is given below as Figure 6.1.






Complaint handling mechanism An efficient and effective customer compliant handling system is in place in BPCL Status of customer complaint register is discussed as a part of IMS bi-monthly review meeting, and also as a part of Management Review Meeting.

Figure 6.1 QEHS policy of BPCL






6.3.1 Air Quality

Present ambient air quality is monitored at three numbers on line monitoring stations in the refinery complex as per NAAQS 2009 requirement using high volume samplers. As mentioned in Chapter-4, there will be minimal increase in particulate matter levels in ambient air during construction of proposed activities. The proposed activities are to be developed within the existing refinery complex. All the major dust generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of project Manager. As indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient air quality monitored before and during all dust generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by project manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.2 Noise Quality

Ambient noise levels measured at various locations within refinery complex are found within limits. The detailed noise levels measured in the periphery of refinery complex is given in Chapter -2. All the major noise generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of project Manager. As indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient noise monitored before and during all noise generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.3 Water Quality

The existing drinking and sanitation facilities at the refinery complex will be extended to the construction workforce. No additional measures are suggested. All the major water consumption and waste water generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of project Manager. As indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the total water supplied by tankers and wastage of the same shall be monitored before and during all such construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by project manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1 Sl.No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.4 Socio-economic

The presence of highly skilled labour force around the plant area will ensure the availability of labour at construction site. This will lead to non-requirement of any kind of temporary housing near the construction site but may put stress in the existing transport system and traffic density. A proper traffic and man power management may reduce this problem in a substantial way. The health records of all construction force will be collected and will be supervised by medical in-charge specially appointed by EPC Contractor.

6.3.5 Biological Environment In the month of November 2014, tree census was carried out at locations around BPCL MR where green belt has been developed. Data indicates that there are 3400 trees in and






around the refinery. In addition, around 315 trees are there at the BPCL-Sports club which is

adjacent to BPCL MR north boundary and 9100 (including 5000 regenerated) trees in and around BPCL-Staff colony located at 2 km from BPCL MR has good Simson Index of 10 which indicates good diversity of species and contains rich assemblage of species. Diversity of the BPCL colony is the highest. BPCL MR has planted 10000 trees in year 2014 around Mumbai as a part of Green Earth Campaign. In a unique collaborative venture with APMC, green belt of 4 acres was developed by BPCL MR at APMC ( Agricultural Produce Market Committee)Vashi plot no 8 and 10.Total 3000 tree saplings were planted during monsoon of 2014, and same is being maintained by APMC. Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan for installation of DHT and associated facilities for production of BS-IV HSD at BPCL, Mumbai refinery during construction phase is given in Table 6.2

Table 6.2 Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan for installation of DHT and associated facilities for production of BS-IV HSD at BPCL, Mumbai refinery

during construction phase

Sl. No

Environmental Component Activity/Aspect Impacts Mitigation

Measures

Element of Environmental Management

Plan 1 Air Environment Foundation

work Digging,

leveling work Structural

works

Very less conventional pollutants will be released during this phase due to construction works, vehicle exhausts which will not cross the specified limits because low value of background levels

Dust pollution will be suppressed using water sprinklers

Periodic maintenance of machinery, heavy vehicles

Regular monitoring of levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB guidelines

2 Water Environment

Maintenance of drainage and water supply network for Sanitation and waste water generation

Limited impact on surrounding water bodies/aquatic ecosystems/ground water due to soil erosion, leaching, waste water generation

Water requirement through existing raw water source

Proper sanitation

Waste water treatment through existing treatment plant

Provision for appropriate sanitary facility for construction workers

3 Land Environment

Land use change due to drilling, excavating


Overburden and construction waste will also be produced

Management of solid waste

Management of excavated solid and construction waste

Composting bio-degradable waste and disposal of non bio-degradable waste in land fills

Construction waste will be






used for back

filling 4 Noise Environment

Noise from construction, heavy vehicle movements

Noise level will be more but within the permissible limits (70-85 dB(A))

Noise protection measures

Using ear muffs for workers while construction

Rules & regulations of Noise Standards will be followed


CSR


Employment opportunities to local skilled and unskilled people

Development of infrastructure, communications facility, drinking water supply, health etc.

Social and cultural development

Facilitation of hospital, school, club, stadium etc.

Regular health camp surrounding the plant

Implementation of BPCL CSR Policy

6 Biological Environment

Land use change

Impact on flora and fauna will be minimal

Less impact on marine ecosystem

Creation of landscape with plantation

Conservation of biodiversity

Tree plantation at various locations.

6.4 OPERATION PHASE All the operation activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant before handing over to BPCL. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete commissioning and operational phases of the project. The various HSE requirements that will be carried out by the HSE team of BPCL are listed below:

a. Review and assessment of adequacy of measures implemented as per Environmental

Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite) and Emergency Preparedness Plan and all other measures suggested by Statutory Authorities.

b. Monitoring of Environmental parameters and its compliance to requirements specified as per statutory requirements/design requirements.

c. Mock Safety drills to assess the readiness of the control of major accidents and hazards

d. Conducting HSE audits and Reviews. The environmental management plan during the operational phase of the plant shall therefore be directed towards the following: o Ensuring the operation of various process units as per specified operating

guidelines/operating manuals. o Strict adherence to maintenance schedule for various machinery/equipment. o Good Housekeeping practices.






o Post project environmental monitoring. The following subsections discuss in brief the management plan for individual components of environment.

6.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

6.4.1.1 In-plant Control Measures

Some of the important operational measures which can reduce the impact on air environment are as follows: To control fugitive emissions from the Hydrocarbon processing areas, the valves,

flanges pumps and compressor seals, the gasket materials etc. should be maintained on periodical basis.

Use of low NOx burners Use of various relevant standards for design of revamp/new facilities. Regular monitoring of SO2 from the revamp stacks Flaring of hydrocarbons should be avoided to the extent possible. Flare tip shall be

designed to ensure smokeless conditions. Also provision for steam injection will be considered.

Monitoring of pollutants.

6.4.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

As the plant is going to be operational on a 24-hour basis, noise considerations are very important. All equipments will be specified to meet 85 dB(A) at 1 m distance. As incorporated during the design stage, the plant areas where noise levels are high enough to cause operations some adverse impacts, the usage of ear plugs or ear muffs shall be strictly enforced. The exposure of employees working in the noisy area shall be monitored regularly to ensure compliance with the OSHA requirements. Regular audiometry test for employees of BPCL are regularly conducted at Mumbai refinery. The various results are recorded to find out any possible ill effects of any high noise levels, if any. Any possible hearing loss (mild, conducive) is recorded and analysed with further instructions to employee. The proper working of ears is checked and cases are also referred to ENT specialists if required.



6.4.4 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The local population is to be helped to take up the opportunities afforded by the increased economic activities in the area. Efforts shall be made to promote harmony with the local population and further consolidate their positive perceptions of industrialization by engaging in socially-friendly activities such as building hospitals, educational and technical training institutes, etc. in due course of time, by coordinating with the present and future industries of the area.






BPCL maintains cordial and supportive relations with the people in the vicinity. A summary of social welfare activities undertaken by BPCL in the recent past is given in Section 6.8.

6.5. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:

6.5.1 HEALTH

Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per OSHA

requirement and specific medical examination.

All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related to their job.

Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85 dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimeters. Audiometric tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan for installation of DHT and associated facilities for production of BS-IV HSD at BPCL, Mumbai refinery during operation phase is given in Table 6.3

Table 6.3 Summary of impacts and Environmental Management Plan during operation phase for installation of DHT and associated facilities for production of BS-IV HSD at

BPCL Mumbai refinery

Sl. No

Environmental Component Activity/Aspect Impacts Mitigation

Measures

Element of Environmental Management

Plan 1 Air Environment Emissions from

furnaces (Conventional)

Movement of vehicles

conventional pollutants emission will be within the permissible limits.

Compliance to standards

Continuous monitoring

Control air emissions at source by firing clean amine treated fuel gas, or LNG

Regular monitoring of the levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB requirements

Regular maintenance of vehicles and equipments

2 Water Environment

Operation of new process units and utilities

Limited impact on surrounding water bodies/aquatic ecosystems/ground water

Proper management of active and domestic waste water

Proper design of condenser

Liquid effluents discharge will be much below discharge limits of CPCB norms

Regular monitoring of






Cooling

systems Rain water

harvesting

the levels of conventional pollutants as per MPCB norms

Implementation of rain water harvesting

3 Land Environment

Disposal of solid waste


Management of plant and domestic solid waste

Treatment and disposal of solid waste as per CPCB/MPCB norms

Disposal of non degradable waste in proper land fills

4 Noise Environment

Noise from plants,

Insignificant noise levels in public domain

Control of noise levels within permissible limits

Development of barriers to control noise

Follow occupational health and safety measures

Noise levels due to plant activities will be controlled within permissible limits

Noise generating units will be housed in acoustic enclosures

Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) will be provided to workers wherever required

Noise standards of CPCB will be adhered with


CSR


Employment generation

Awareness camps

Medical camps

Implementation of social welfare schemes for the local people

Awareness on Social benefits among local people through seminars, workshops, exhibitions

Preference will be given to local people

Ensure participation of local people in cultural events to create social harmony and goodwill






6 Biological

Environment Discharge/ releases to air & water.

Impact on terrestrial flora and fauna

Adequate protection measures should be ensured in design for conservation of flora and fauna

Control of eutrophication by treatment and reuse of waste water

Regular monitoring of biodiversity and listing the same

The plant design will envisage the conservation of flora & fauna.

7 Health, Safety & Environment

Conventional emissions

Health effects of pollutants

Occupational health & safety

Safety in plant design

Monitoring & compliance to OSHA standards

Safety in plant design as per OSHA norms

Regular monitoring of the pollutant levels in different components of surrounding environment

Regular health check-up of the workers

Hazard analysis and safety measures in work place to reduce the undue risk to employees, members of public & environment as per OSHA requirements

EMP implementation and environmental monitoring programme to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management systems.

6.6 ENVIRONMENT CELL

M/s BPCL is already having an Environment Cell under its technical services department which is headed by a well-qualified and experienced technical person from the relevant field. The cell carries out number of activities related to effluent treatment and monitoring of treated effluent, ambient air quality and stack emissions. There exists a separate quality control






laboratory to carry out the analysis of air & water samples. The lab has requisite technical

staff to carry out these analyses. The existing set-up shall be utilized for the proposed project also.

6.7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) BPCL MR is focusing on main thrust areas i.e. Education, Health, and Environment improvement at Mahul village, and other areas around the refinery. The details of activities in different areas are carried out and mentioned as below.

Project “UTKARSH”, an unique Education Assistance Program has been taken up for the improvement of underprivileged borderline students from Chembur area. In collaboration with NGO “Pratham”, the borderline students are given assistance to complete their education up to SSC. They are given relevant vocational training to help them to earn and gain financial stability. In the year 2012-13, a total of 25 schools were covered, and 590 students were benefitted. 63 students were sponsored for vocational training to make them employable. In 2012 out of the above mentioned 50 “UTKARSH” students ,21 students opted for vocational training in various faculties like electrician’s course, welding, banking, cookery etc. and BPCL has borne 90% of the course fee. In 2014 all these 21 students completed their respective courses successfully and now they are eligible for a job. Utkarsh has made this remote possibility a reality for these children.

Books are man's best friends. The best place for easy access to books is a library. It is a boon for poor students who cannot afford to buy text books or other books of their interest. Hence, BPCL has set up a Book Library at Mahul village

Every year BPCL gives Educational scholarships to 150 meritorious students who are from economically weaker families.

Two Balwadis are operated One at washala and another at Chembur BPCL staff

colony for servant’s children. These Balwadis create interest amongst children at tender age and imparts basic knowledge of alphabets, names of fruits, flowers, months etc. Additionally, it inculcates good health habits and creates in each child a firm foundation for churning out a good and responsible Indian citizen.

Education being one of our core thrust areas under CSR and knowing the importance

of computer education, BPCL in 2014 set up a Computer Literacy Centre at Mahul Village. At this centre, structured computer education will be imparted to all age groups – children, youth and adults. Over the next five years 1650 working youth, school students, college students and women will be provided computer education at this centre.

In the area of healthcare, medical camps are organized for health check-ups of the under privileged. In the year 2012-13, total 958 people were examined at such medical camps at Karjat, Mahul, and Washala.23 people detected with cataract were treated and expenses were borne by BPCL.A homeopathy clinic is being run at Mahul where






more than 500 people visit every month. A dispensary is being run at Washala, where

around 120 people visit every month. To increase the green cover of the mother earth under Green Earth Campaign 2012

to 2014 BPCL Mumbai Refinery planted 20,000 trees in and around Mumbai. 3000 trees were planted at APMC market yard in July 2104

Awareness campaign for fisherwomen at Mahul

Environment Awareness camp for school children






HEALTH CHECK-UPS






PLANTATION DRIVE UNDER GREEN EARTH CAMPAIGN


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CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES






7.0. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP)

BPCL has developed a comprehensive ERDMP. The document is prepared in line with the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) guidelines which defines and specifies roles and responsibilities, classification of emergencies, coordination within and outside agencies etc. The document is strictly in compliance with the PNGRB guidelines and no deviation from the guidelines. For DHT project the emergency response plan is discussed below. The project manager shall ensure that suitable instructions are issued to both BPCL and contractors personnel, identifying the action to be taken by each one in an emergency. This shall be achieved by display of organization chart/posters not only for fire fighting but also other emergencies of large magnitude. A detailed Emergency/Disaster response plan (or DMP) will be drawn out in co-ordination with police authorities, fire brigade, hospitals, and neighboring industries. The plan considers organization set up, communication cell for information exchange, availability and mobilization procedure of resources for emergency situation and provision of mutual aid. The best way to manage any emergency is to prevent it. The guidelines to be ensured for emergency prevention shall be as follows: Sound engineering practice in the design fabrication, installation and maintenance of facilities

Careful selection and correct use of equipment

Observance of safety and security requirement

Proper and constant training and guidance to all personnel working in the plant, with particular reference to product knowledge and maintenance practices

Good house keeping

Constant supervision

BPCL will develop integration of existing on-site Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) with the proposed facilities to enable it to respond effectively to an emergency. These plans will address the following issues:

Emergency Response Organization






Alarm and Communication Rules

Contingency Plans for dealing with the emergency

Co-ordination between the various emergency response teams, both within the complex as well as emergency response teams from outside the Refinery Complex

Incident notification procedures

Community notification and Evacuation Existing Emergency Control Centre (ECC) shall be the focal point to co-ordinate emergency response activities. An alternative control centre will also be selected if it is anticipated that the ECC is likely to be affected by heat wave radiation of other hazards from the proposed facilities. Adequate personal protective/safety equipments will be provided at the ECC. Emergency procedures shall be displayed along with the telephone numbers at appropriate locations in the proposed facilities. On-site Emergency Response Plan The existing on-site ERP shall be integrated with the emergency response plan for the proposed facilities. This shall deal with steps the complex staff will take to control an emergency within the proposed facilities. It has been developed in accordance with BPCL principles and local regulations, and shall include information on the following: Procedure for activation of the ERP

The emergency response training and drill programs required to maintain emergency response preparedness

The company's emergency response organization, including a description of the make up, function and purpose of the emergency response teams. Alternates will be identified to assume responsibilities in case disaster occurs in the absence of principal coordinators.

Checklists will be developed for each member on the emergency response teams, which include a written description of the duties, responsibilities and authorities for each designated employee

Role of local authority when responding to emergencies

Alarm and communication system, including procedures for ongoing emergency communications






Detailed contingency plans for dealing with the most likely types of

emergencies that can occur. These will include emergency procedures for safely shutting down operations

Procedure for reporting incidents to the appropriate authorities

Plan appraisal and updating TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN BPCL has commissioned the Mumbai-Manmad product pipeline in March 1998 for movement of petroleum products (MS, SK, HSD) from the refinery, to lower the rail & road traffic, reduce vehicular emissions, and enhance safety during transporation of finished products to up country locations. The length of the pipeline upto Bijwasan (Delhi) is 1389 Kms, and it carries more than 50% of total production from BPCL-MR . Besides the above, an appropriate traffic management plan is in force in order to reduce pollution potential and enhance the safety of operation and personnel movement. The traffic management plan envisaged and in force for the existing BPCL refinery complex shall be extended to manage the transportation aspects of the proposed facilities also. Some of the specific measures envisaged in order to achieve an environmentally acceptable and safe operation of traffic are Appropriate product management and scheduling in regulating the traffic in (out) flows.

Adequate parking and turning space for the tank truck movement at the loading point and approach road.

Tank trucks parking area with amenities for tank truck crew outside the secured premises

Provision of parking of tank trucks with suitable fire fighting facilities including hydrant system

A security system to prevent unauthorized entry, minimizing the potential for sabotage.

Concrete/ asphalted roads/yards inside the complex covering the unlicensed and licensed area to enable movement of fire tenders during exigencies and escape route for evacuation

Training of drivers transporting the hazardous goods.

Vehicle safety audit for all vehicles transporting product for their road worthiness and safe transit of goods. This audit shall be carried out based on the predefined criteria for vehicle fitness. This shall be checked by proponent's representative's time






to time. In addition, BPCL shall carry out random audit of the product vehicles with a checklist provided.

7.2 OIL SPILL MANAGEMENT PLAN

BPCL has carefully planned about the oil spill from the tankers, storage tanks or pipeline leakages. The preventive measures are Facilities for oil spill response at the oil catchers are as follows:

o Two Hydraulic disc skimmers at MOC o 5 Drum type floating oil skimmers o Hay filters for secondary containment at oil catcher outlets o Floating HDPE booms as secondary containment in outlet channels o Oil adsorbent booms and pillows (An inventory of 100 maintained) o Vacuum system for skimming of floating oil, with sump pit & pumping facility for recovery of oil into slop oil system o 3 Shore based rope mop skimmers o 4 vertical rope skimmers o Slotted pipe lip skimmers o Sump pit pumps for pumping recovered oil into slop oil system o Gates at channel outlet for containment of oil

Two vacuum trucks are available for recovery of accumulated oil. Regular de-silting is carried out at oil catcher bays. Sludge/ silt removal from all sump pits is carried out by using mechanized vacuum

truck. A Memorandum of Understanding for establishment of Tier-I Oil Spill Response

Facility in Mumbai harbor was signed between the Port authorities of MbPT & JNPT and a group of eight companies in Chembur –Trombay area comprising of BPCL,ONGC, , HPCL, IOCL, and TATA Power, Aegis logistics Ltd, CTTL and RIL in a function at Hotel Marine Plaza on 18th February 2011.

An amount of Rs 17 Lakhs has been paid by BPCL MR against the first invoice submitted by MbPT towards tender charges.

Facilities under the OSR are as follows:

Sr. No.

Quantity Description

1 11 NOS. Fast response solid floatation boom with free board of about 250 mm and skirt of about 500 mm and length of 200 m in a bag/reel complete with all accessories

2a 2 Nos 50 m3/hr capacity oil recovery free floating skimmer weir type along with suitable pump and hydraulic power pack complete with all accessories.






2b 2 Nos 50 m3/hr capacity oil recovery free floating skimmer ,

Disc/drum /Brush type and hydraulic power pack complete with all accessories

3 2 Nos 30 m3/hr capacity oil recovery vacuum skimmer with suitable vacuum /suction pump coupled with diesel engine complete with all accessories

4 1 No. Oil Dispersant Spray system to be installed on a dedicated vessel. The system includes portable hand start diesel pump unit, 2 hand lances, a set of 2x6 mt light weight spray arms , single hand held nozzle , even drop out nozzles and all required accessories.

5 10 K litres Oil Spill Dispersant , Concentrate type -2 and 3 combined approved by Indian Coast Guard

6 2 Nos. Floating (towable) storage tank ( Pillow Tank) of about 10 K litres along with its accessories

7 2 Nos Absorbent ( oil only) kit , for quick oil spill response 8 15 Nos Personnel Protective Equipment kit for oil spill response

9 1 No. Dedicated OSR Vessel 10 1 No. Work Boat

7.3 Risk assessment

Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi, has been appointed by M/s Bharat Petroleum corporation to carry out Rapid Risk Analysis (RRA) for DHT project at BPCL Mumbai Refinery at Mahul.

Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) Study report is attached as Annexure-VI with this EIA report.


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CHAPTER – 8

PROJECT BENEFITS






8.0 PROJECT BENEFIT

BPCL-MR has commissioned Continuous Catalyst Regeneration Reformer (CCR) to produce BS-III/IV MS. BPCL-MR is also implementing Naphtha Isomerization (ISOM) project to produce total BS-IV MS and meeting 2017 Auto Fuels (AF) mandate for MS. However, BPCL-MR would not be able to meet total BS-IV HSD stipulations MOP&NG CC has constituted an expert committee under the chairmanship of Member, Planning Commission, Government of India for preparing “Draft Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025”. Members of oil industry also form a part of the committee / working groups. Various meetings were held and the report is in advanced stage of completion. As per current indications, the expert committee is proposing to introduce total BS-IV Auto Fuel (AF) in the entire country by 1st April 2017 & total BS-V AF by 1st April 2020. BPCL is proposing to install Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHT) of 2.6 MMTPA capacity at BPCL-MR. Installation of a DHT is necessary for meeting the government mandate of producing 100% BS-IV HSD w.e.f. 1st April 2017. DHT would also facilitate MR in meeting proposed BS- V Auto Fuel mandates w.e.f. 1st April 2020. In the absence of DHT Unit, under the present conditions, BPCL-MR is capable of producing only 3.5 MMTPA of BS-IV HSD and the balance HSD to the extent of 2.4 MMTPA will be of BS-III quality. The combined handling of 4.8 MMTPA of HSD will also require hiring of huge infrastructure facilities

The benefits of the proposed DHT project can be summarized as:

100% production of BS-IV HSD Fuel and meeting the Auto Fuel Mandate of Government

No additional SO2 emissions from refinery Reduction of vehicular emissions from present levels due to use of cleaner fuel. Development of additional facilities within the refinery complex using existing


BPCL has taken many initiatives which have direct and indirect benefits to the surrounding people. The proposed DHT project of BPCL would improve the social and economic environment in the vicinity and would contribute in meeting the BS-IV HSD needs of the state as well as within the country. BPCL is carrying out various development activities in the nearby village like Mahul, and also villages at Karjat and Washala. BPCL MR is focusing on main thrust areas i.e. Education, Health, and Environment improvement at Mahul village, and other areas around the refinery. The activities carried out in different areas are mentioned below.

Project “UTKARSH”, an unique Education Assistance Program has been taken up

for the improvement of underprivileged borderline students from Chembur area. In collaboration with NGO “Pratham”, the borderline students are given assistance to complete their education up to SSC. They are given relevant vocational training to help them to earn and gain financial stability. In the year 2012-13, a total of 25 schools were covered, and 590 students were benefitted. 63 students were sponsored for vocational training to make them employable.






In 2012 out of the above mentioned 50 “UTKARSH” students ,21 students opted for vocational training in various faculties like electrician’s course, welding, banking, cookery etc. and BPCL has borne 90% of the course fee. In 2014 all these 21 students completed their respective courses successfully and now they are eligible for a job. Utkarsh has made this remote possibility a reality for these children.

Books are man's best friends. The best place for easy access to books is a library. It is a boon for poor students who cannot afford to buy text books or other books of their interest. Hence, BPCL has set up a Book Library at Mahul village

Every year BPCL gives Educational scholarships to 150 meritorious students who are from economically weaker families.

Two Balwadis are operated One at washala and another at Chembur BPCL staff

colony for servant’s children. These Balwadis create interest amongst children at tender age and imparts basic knowledge of alphabets, names of fruits, flowers, months etc. Additionally, it inculcates good health habits and creates in each child a firm foundation for churning out a good and responsible Indian citizen.

Education being one of our core thrust areas under CSR and knowing the

importance of computer education, BPCL in 2014 set up a Computer Literacy Centre at Mahul Village. At this centre, structured computer education will be imparted to all age groups – children, youth and adults. Over the next five years 1650 working youth, school students, college students and women will be provided computer education at this centre.

In the area of healthcare, medical camps are organized for health check-ups of the under privileged. In the year 2012-13, total 958 people were examined at such medical camps at Karjat, Mahul, and Washala.23 people detected with cataract were treated and expenses were borne by BPCL.A homeopathy clinic is being run at Mahul where more than 500 people visit every month. A dispensary is being run at Washala, where around 120 people visit every month.

To increase the green cover of the mother earth under Green Earth Campaign 2012 to 2014 BPCL Mumbai Refinery planted 20,000 trees in and around Mumbai. 3000 trees were planted at APMC market yard in July 2104




Rev. No. A Page 200 of 203


CHAPTER – 9 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS






9.0 INTRODUCTION

Environment Division of Engineers of India Limited (EIL) was established in 1975 with the objective of providing specialised services in the field of environment protection to the different industrial sectors served by EIL. The division is assisted by a multi-disciplinary team with engineers and scientists with experience ranging from seven to thirty years or more and equipped with the latest computer software and hardware. It is capable of providing the entire range of services related to environmental pollution assessment, control and management to the following major sectors of industry in India and abroad: Petroleum Refining Petrochemicals Oil and Gas Processing Metallurgy (Non-Ferrous only) Thermal Power Plants Infrastructure projects

EIL is also capable of providing environment related services for various other industries like textile, leather, pulp and paper etc. besides the different industries mentioned above. The Division has a unique advantage of utilising technological and engineering competence and experience, which is available to them in house from other specialised departments of EIL to provide the entire range of services related to environmental management. The Division has been instrumental in designing and commissioning a large number of industrial water treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and solid and hazardous waste management. During the past two decades, several schemes have been implemented for handling wastewater as well as gaseous effluents, solid as well as hazardous wastes so that these meet the stringent regulations imposed by statutory authorities from time to time. Much of the Division’s rich and varied experience is derived from the experience of working with International funding agencies like the World Bank, International Financial Consortium and Asian Development Bank etc. The Division has worked for many World Bank funded jobs including the one concerning development of guidelines for carrying out environmental audits for small and medium scale industries. Many of these projects being grass root projects in nature have large socio-economic and cultural dimensions besides the associated environmental problems. The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for






different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects. National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as EIA consultant for 10 EIA Sectors including Petroleum Refining industry. The list of sectors for which the accreditation has been accorded by NABET is published by NABET-QCI as Minutes of Meeting (MOM) in NABET website “www.qcin.org“ and the same MOM is given in Fig 9.1.

Figure 9.1 Minutes of Meeting showing EIL as EIA Consultant Organization accredited

by NABET-QCI






BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED - … · · 2015-05-12This report is prepared for M/s BPCL and it is for use by M/s BPCL ... BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED ... 2.4.6

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