BHARAT NI SANATAN SANSKRUTI AND HINDUISM

Birtni[ si>AkZ(tk virsi[ - snitn Fm<

p\ic)n Birtn) v](dk smyn) s>AkZ(t Fm< aiFi(rt C[. an[ t[ “snitn Fm<”

ni> nim[ ai[LKiy C[.ai snitn Fm< s>AkZ(t S&> C[.? a[ Birtni p\ic)nkiLni ä(P-

m&(nai[a[ S)Kv[l) aidS< Jvn pÛ(t C[.a[ minvjitn[ sici p(rp\[Èymi> Jvnn[

smjvimi> shiy kr[ C[.a[ minv a(AtRvni d&(ºyv) t[mj ai¹yi(Rmk pisi>ai[n[

aivr) l[ C[.a[ minvjitn[ mi#i ki9p(nk (AY(t an[ sic) viAt(vkti vµc[ni[ B[d

smjvimi> shiy kr[ C[ an[ Jvnmi> Bi](tkvid an[ a¹yiRmvidn[ t&lniRmk r)t[

k[Tl&> mhRv aipv&> ji[ea[ t[ nÊ) krti> S)Kv[ C[.a[ upd[S[ C[ k[ j[ mn&Oyi[ biH

jgtni aikP<Ni[ an[ mni[(vkiri[Y) m&kt bn) Jvn Jv[ C[ t[ai[n[ min(sk

smti,Si>(t an[ ai¹yi(Rmk p\bi[Fn avÆy p\i¼t Yiy C[.vL) a[ Äyvhir)k

upyi[g)tip N Friv[ C[ kirN k[ a[ p(r~m an[ airim,uwm an[ p\Ryihir tYi

s&KBi[g an[ RyigvZ(t vµc[ smºvy siFti> S)Kv[ C[.

ai W(OTa[ “snitn Fm<” a[ p\ic)n Birtni ä(Pm&(nai[ trfY) minvjitn[

si>AkZ(tk virsi$p[ mL[l&> a(t m*9yvin Xin C[.ai Xinmi> rh[li snitn sRyi[

AmrNit)t smyY) len[ an[k sd)ai[ py<ºt s>(ct Yti> rhyi> C[.vL) li>bi smy

s&F) ai sRyi[ ag(Nt ä(Pm&(nai[,s>ti[,yi[g)ai[ an[ Bkti[ni an&Bvi[n) a[rN pr

p&(OT pim[li> C[.snitn Fm<ni tRvXinni (sÛi>ti[ Birtni> v[d g\>Yi[mi>Y) tirv[li C[

an[ v[di[ jgtni sv<Y) p\ic)n g\>Yi[ C[ a[vi[ e(thiskiri[ni[ mt C[.ai W(OTY)

snitn Fm<n[ FN)vir “v](dk Fm<” pN kh[vimi> aiv[ C[.

aiF&(nk JvnS]l)ni> d*PNi[

avi<c)n Bi](tkvid) JvnS]l)ni kirN[ minvjitn&> (vBijn krt) (dvili[ KD) Ye

C[.p(rNim[ p*v)< tYi p(Vm) jgt,gr)b an[ tv>gr d[Si[,udirmtviL) an[

as(hON&> p\jiai[,$(Qc&At li[ki[ an[ avLi mig[< vL[li li[ki[,vc<Av clivti[ smij

an[ tib[dir) uqivti[ smij,a[vi an[k p\kirni (vBijni[ ji[vi mL[ C[.aivi

(vBijni[ni kirN[ trkTbiJ an[ lDiyk mns*biai[ni b)j ri[piy C[.ai bF&>

kmns)b bibt C[ k[ si>p\tmi> aipN[ ai¹yi(Rmk (sÛi>ti[n[ v)sr) gyi C)a[ an[

aipNi> Jvnmi> Bi](tkvid) (sÛi>ti[n[ C*Ti[ di[r aip) d)Fi[ C[.

Bi](tkvid (v@Û a¹yiRmvid

aiv) p(r(AY(tmi> pN snitn Fm<ni[ d)pk hJ ai¹yi(Rmk (sÛi>ti[ni[ p\kiS f[>k)

rHi[ C[.t[ni u(ct upyi[g vD[ minvjit y&Û an[ kipikip)ni rAtin[ RyJ Si>(t

an[ s>vi(dti trf p\yiN kr) Sk[ C[.Bi](tkvid) (sÛi>ti[ aipNn[ AviY)< an[

p(rg\h) bniv[ C[.Bi](tkvid) (sÛi>ti[ aipNn[ pi[tini miT[ t[mj aipNi v>Svirsi[

miT[ K*b s>p(t a[kq) krvi p\[r[ C[, j[ aipAviY)<pNin[ aigL Fpivvin) eµCin[ pi[P[

C[.b)J bij& ai¹yi(Rmk (sÛi>ti[ aipNn[ a>triRmi trf yi[³y (dSimi> le jiy C[.j[

AvRvn[ B&liv) ah>Bivn[ vS krvimi> p(rNm[ C[.Bi](tkvid) (sÛi>ti[ “h&>” an[

“mi@>” n) Bivni siY[ ji[Dti hi[e aipNn[ s>k)N<tini> (p>jrmi> k[d kr) b>Fni[mi>

jkD) riK[ C[,jyir[ ai¹yi(Rmk (sÛi>ti[ aipNn[ bFi> j b>Fni[mi>Y) m&kt bniv)

aiRmini m&ktpNini[ an&Bv kriv[ C[. aivi[ aiRmsixiRkir pimvimi> Bi](tkvid)

(sÛi>ti[a[ aipNimi> p[di kr[l) kd) s>ti[Piy nh)> a[v) s>g\h[µCi nDtr$p bn[

C[.b)J bij& ai¹yi(Rmk (sÛi>ti[ aipN) a>triRmi trf g(t kriv) (njin>dni> p*rn[

ri[kti drvijiai[ Ki[l) niK[ C[.

Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(tai[ni p\kiri[

aij[ jgtmi> p(Vm) s>AkZ(tn) bi[lbili C[.ji[ k[ hk)ktmi> “p(Vm) s>AkZ(t” a[v&>

ki[e j nim nY).p(Vm a[Tl[ S&> a[ ti[ mi#i (dSi C[. a[ ki[e s>AkZ(tn&> nim nY). miT[

aipN[ a[n[ Bi[gvid) aYvi Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(t kh)S&>.

Bi](tkvid a[Tl[ S&>? a>g\[Jmi> a[n[ “m(T(ryi(lzm” kh[ C[.AY*L pdiY<n&>

a>g\[J “m(T(ryl”.aipN[ j[n[ njr[ ji[e Sk)a[ C)a[ a[ pdiY< C[ an[ pdiY<n&>

a>g\[J “m(T(ryl” C[.a[ pdiY<vid k[ Bi](tkvid aRyir[ jgtmi> K*b f[liy[li[

C[.aipNn[ j[Tl&> njr[ d[Kiy a[Tl&> j sRy C[ an[ nY) d[Kit&> a[n&> a(AtRv j

nY).ai Bi](tkvid an[ Bi](tk (vXinni[ (sÛi>t C[.Bi](tkvid kh[ C[ k[ pdiY<mi>Y) j

ain>d m[Lvvi[,a[mi>Y) j s&K) Yv&> an[ a[ni Wiri j mn&Oyni[ jºm sfL Ye Sk[

C[.pdiY< s>bF) Si[FKi[L Wiri uÛir Ye jiy k[ k9yiN Ye jiy a[v&> minv&> a[

Bi](tkvid aYvi pdiY<vid C[.ji[ aipN[ a[m min)a[ k[ pdiY< mi@> k9yiN kr) d[vini[

C[, ti[ aipN[ pdiY<Y) pN n)ci C)a[ a[tl&> ti[ nÊ) minv&> pD[. “p¸Yr” pdiY< C[

an[ ji[ aipN&> k9yiN kr) d[vini[ C[ a[m min)a[ ti[ aipN[ p¸YrY) pN n)c[ gyi

a[n smjv&> rH&.jyi> c[tn aiRmi krti> jD aniRm pdiY<n&> p\iFiºy Av)kirvimi>

aiv[ a[n&> nim “Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(t” C[.Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(t jyi> aiRmin[ j nY)

ai[LKt) ti[ pC) prmiRmi k[ b\Mn[ kyi>Y) ai[LK[? (vXinvid)ai[ k[ Bi](tkvid)ai[

ki[e c[tn tRvn[ j minvi t]yir nY).a[ bFi kh[ C[ k[ ji[ kyi>y Bgvin hi[y ti[

amn[ btiv) di[.am[ amir) ai>K[ a[n[ jiea[ ti[ j min)a[ k[ Bgvin C[.bik) j[

njr[ nY) d[Kit&> a[n[ am[ minti nY).aiRmi k[ Jv j[v&> k>e tmir) a>dr hi[y ti[

btiv) di[.ti[ j am[ min)a[ k[ aiRmi k[ Jv C[.p\Ryx Kitr) kyi< (vni am[

aiRmi,prmiRmi k[ Bgvinmi> minvi t]yir nY).am[ ti[ AY*L vAt&n[ k[ pdiY<n[ ji[e

an[ ApS)< Sk)a[ C)a[ t[Y) t[n[ min)a[ C)a[.aiv) miºyti Frivv) a[ Bi](tkvid)

s>AkZ(t C[.a[ni> p(rNim$p[ j[ k[Tli>k vidi[ ud`BÄyi an[ jgtmi> f[liyi t[ (vS[ jri

smJ lea[.jyi> Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(tai[ C[ Ryi> #iN p\kirni vidi[mi>Y) a[k vid C[

“m*D)vid aYvi k[p)Til)zm” a[ni[ piyini[ (sÛi>t a[ C[ k[ “p]si[ miri[ prm[Vr

C[.aivDt an&sir a(ny>(#it an[ amyi<d Fn kmivi[ an[ s&K sgvD Bi[gv)

Jvnmi> mi[j mzi kri[.j[ smij a[m min[ C[ k[ p]si[ j bF&> C[,a[ j si]n&> k9yiN kr)

Sk[ an[ p]siY) j s&K mLS[ ti[ a[ smij m*D)vid) C[.b)ji[ smijvid jri j&di

p\kirni[ vid C[. pr>t&> a[n) cci< krti p*v[< #i)ji siÀyvidn) vit k@> C&>.siÀyvid a[m

kh[ C[ k[ prm[Vr j nY),ti[ pC) p]sin[ pN prm[Vrn&> nim S&> kim aipi[ Ci[? ji[

prm[Vr C[ j nh)> ti[ a[n) s>Xi pN ki[en[ apiy nh)>.prm[Vr j[v&> k>e nY).a[

miºyti j Ki[T) C[,a[ (vcir j Ki[Ti[ C[. j[m prm[Vr nY) t[m p]si[y ki[eni[

nY).siÀyvid kh[ C[ k[ Fns>p(t s>p*N<pN[ rijysti Wiri (ny>(#it hi[v) ji[ea[.ai

Bi](tk jgtmi> j[ ki>e AYivr c)j vAt& C[ a[ bF) smijn) mi(lk)n) hi[v)

ji[ea[,ki[e Äy(ktn) a>gt mi(lk)n) nh) siÀyvid kh[ C[ k[ tmim AYivr-j>gm

s>p(t smijn) mi(lk) bn)jiy ti[ smijn&> k9yiN Ye jiy,ai m*D)vidY) (v@Ün)

vit C[.m*D)vid kh[ C[ k[ p]si[ a>gt kmiN)Y) mL[ C[ a[Tl[ dr[kn[ pi[tin) a>gt

mi(lk)n) m*D) k[ c)j vAt& hi[v) ji[ea[.a[mi> dr[kn[ yYiS(kt mh[nt krvin) C*T

hi[y C[. j[ pim[ a[Tl&> a[n) mi(lk)n&>.aivDt an&sir si]n[ ai[C&> vFt&> mL[ a[

AvBi(vk an[ bribr C[.a[Tl[ m*D)vidn) W(OTa[ j[mn) pis[ vFir[ m*D) a[ vFir[

s&K) an[ ai[C) m*D)viLi ai[Ci s&K).t[mn) smj m&jb m*D)vid) smijmi> ki[e d&:K)

ti[ rh[t&> j nY).siÀyvid a[m kh[ C[ k[ smijni[ mi[Ti[ Big gr)b an[ d&:K) C[ an[

ai d&:Kn&> kirN s>p(tn) asminti C[.mi(lk)n[ kirN[ ki[en) pis[ ai[C&> an[ ki[en)

pis[ vF& rh[ C[.j[mn) pis[ vF& s>p(t C[ t[v) Äy(ktai[ ai[C) hi[y C[ an[ ai[C)

s>p(tviL) Äy(ktai[ GN) vFir[ hi[y C[.ji[ a>gt mi(lkni[ svil j n rh[ ti[ bF)

s>p(tn[ srK[ Big[ smijmi> bFin[ vh[>c) d[vin) pr>t& a[mi>y a>gt mi(lk) ki[en)

rh[v) n ji[ea[.a[ bF) smijn) j s>p(t rh[,j[ni[ bFi srK[ (hAs[ upBi[g kr[.hv[

a[ simiJk s>p(tni[ vh)vT ki[N kr[? ai p\Ånni uk[l $p[ siÀyvidni[ a[vi[ (sÛi>t

aiÄyi[ k[ smijn) am&k Äy(ktai[ smij vt) bF) rijs_ii g\hN kr) l[ li[ki[ Wiri

dr[kn[ kim fiLvvimi> aiv[.s_iiFir) j*Yni[ h&km C*T[ a[n&> piln p\jia[ frJyit

krvin&> rh[ C[.j[mi> srkir a[Tl[ a[m kh[viy k[ smijni> stiFir) pxmi> Ti[c pr

b[q[li pi>c-ds k[ pc)s – pcis jN. a[mi> li[ksih)n&> mi#i nim(sviy ki>e nh).ai

siÀyvid a[ ni(Atkvid C[.a[ prm[Vrni a(AtRvmi> minti[ j nY).siÀyvidmi> j[

stiFir)ai[ni[ vDi[ Yiy a[ j prm[Vr.tmir[ a[n[ p*jvi[ hi[y ti[ p*ji[ an[ n p*jvi[

hi[y ti[ tmir[ prli[k jvin) kiym t]yir) riKvin).siÀyvid) d[Si[mi> stiFir)

vDiai[a[ a[vi k>ekn[ prli[k mi[kl) d)Fi C[.m&²y stiF)Sn) (v@Û ki[e hrf bi[l[

ti[ s)Fi[ t[n[ prli[k mi[kl) aip[.

#i)J smijvid) ÄyvAYi uprni b[n) a[Tl[ k[ m*D)vid an[ siÀyvidn) vµc[n)

ÄyvAYi C[.tv>gr an[ gr)b vµc[ asminti ai[C) rh[ t[ miT[ rij sti Wiri

Fnvinn) s>p(t pr (ny>#iN m*kv&>,a[n&> nim “smijvid”a[mi> pN smij nÊ) kr[ a[

Äy(ktai[ ai bF) bibti[ni[ aml kriv[ a[v) ÄyvAYi hi[y C[.a[ smijvid) srkir

kh[viy C[.smijvidmi> p]si[ ti[ prm[Vr nY) j ,Cti> prm[Vr C[ a[v&>y kh[ti

nY).smijvidviLi hJ ki>e nÊ) kr) Skti> nY) k[ prm[Vr hi[vi[ ji[ea[ aYvi n

hi[vi[ ji[ea[ ? a[ kdic a[m smjti hS[ k[ prm[Vr hi[y ti[ pN p]siY) b)ji k\m[

hi[vi[ ji[ea[.a[mn) W(OTa[ prm[Vr (vni cliv) Skiy.ji[ kdic prm[Vr hi[yti[

a[n)y smijni s¿yi[ a[Tl[ mn&Oyi[ siY[ sminti Yv) ji[ea[.T&>kmi> smijvid pN

Bi](tkvid) C[.a¹yiRmvid) nY).tm[ (vcirti hSi[ k[ snitn Fm< siY[ ai bFi vidi[n[

S&> lig[ vLg[ pr>t& aijn) smij ÄyvAYin[ smjvi miT[ an[ ai bF) smij ÄyvAYi

aijni aiF&(nk y&gmi> ksi[T)n) a[rN pr (nOfL je rh) C[.a[ aijn&> snitn

sRy C[. a[Tl[ C[vT[ ti[ piCi ai¹yiRmvid trf j smij[ p\yiN krvin&> rh[S[.hv[

aipN[ Yi[Di[ (vAtZt a¿yis a¹yiRmvid (vS[ kr) lea[.

a¹yiRmvid) s>AkZ(t

hv[ a[k j p\kirn) s>AkZ(t bik) rh).a[ a¹yiRmvid) s>AkZ(t C[.Birt)y s>AkZ(t

a¹yiRmvid) C[.ji[ k[ Birtmi> aRyir[ bF) jitni p\yi[gi[ cil) rHi C[.Birtmi>

m*D)vid) (vcirsrN)viLi li[ki[ C[,siÀyvid) (vcirsrN)viLi li[ki[ C[ an[ smijvid)

(vcirsrN)viLi li[ki[ pN C[.t[m Cti> Birtmi> hJ ai¹yi(Rmk (vcirsrN)viLi

li[ki[ vFir[ s>²yimi> C[.Birt p\ic)n kiLY) m*L a¹yiRmvid) d[S rHi[ C[.vt<minmi>

a[ virsi[ Tk) rHi[ C[. an[ B(vOymi>y rh[vi[ ji[ea[.Birt Bi](tkvid) d[S n bn)

jvi[ ji[ea[.

hv[ a¹yiRmvid S&> C[ ? t[ smJa[.a¹yiRmvid a[m S)Kv[ C[ k[ ai (vV k[

sZ(OTmi> Bi](tk pdiY< nh) aiRmi aYvi c[tn tRv mhin C[.aiRmi j prmiRmi an[

aiRmi j b\MtRv C[.v[dmi> pN kH& C[ “ay> aiRmi b\M” aYi<t` “ai aiRmi j b\M

C[.” ai b\MtRv j “B*mi” aYi<t` “mhin” C[.Bi](tk pdiY< mhin nY).aipN&> Sr)r

Bi](tk pdiY<n&> bºy&> C[ miT[ a[y mhin nY).mhin nY).mhin ti[ a>dr b[q[li[ aiRmi

C[.p(Vmn) (vXin aiFi(rt Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(t a[m min[ C[ k[ a>dr b[q[li aiRmi k[

Jvn[ am[ njr[ ji[yi[ nY) a[Tl[ a[ C[ j nh)>.a[mni mt[ AY*L Sr)r sv[<svi<

C[.a[niY) mhin ki>e C[ j nh).Birtn) s>AkZ(t Bi](tkvid) nY) pN ai¹yimvid) C[

a[Tl[ a[ ph[li[ (sÛi>t aip[ C[ k[ Bi](tk Sr)r mhin nY) pr>t&> t[n) a>dr rh[li[

aiRmi mhin C[.Birt)y s>AkZ(t kh[ C[ k[ Bi](tk pdiY< “a9p” an[ aiRmi “mhin”

C[ ; t[Y) a9ptin) piCL n pDi[,mhintin[ apnivi[.aiRmi Sr)r krti> s_iin)

W(OTa[ mhin C[.a[Tl&> j nh) pN t[ snitn aYvi kiym) C[ a[Tl[ pN mhin

C[.Sr)r niSv>t C[ an[ aiRmi a(vniS) C[.Birt)y s>AkZ(t S)Kv[ C[ k[ ai b\Mi>D

Bl[ abji[ vP< Tk[ t[m Cti> kyir[k a[ni[y Bi>g)n[ B&Êi[ Ye jvini[ C[.t[Y) a[ pN

mhin nY).aiRmi,prmiRmi an[ b\M tRv j mhin C[.

Birt)y s>AkZ(tmi> Bgvin j mhin C[.

Birt)y s>AkZ(t Fm< pr aiFi(rt ai¹yi(Rmk s>AkZ(t C[.a[Tl[ t[mi> Bgvin ti[ ph[li>

ji[ea[,a[mni. (vni aipN) s>AkZ(t hi[y j nh)>.aipN) s>AkZ(t ai(Atk C[.Bgvinmi>

min[ C[.Bgvinn[ pimvi[ a[ j Jvnni[ h[t&> hi[vi[ ji[ea[ a[m aipN) s>AkZ(t aipNn[

S)Kv[ C[.aipNi> SiA#ii[ kh[ C[ k[ “B*mi a[ j b\M C[.” “B*mi a[Tl[ mhinti.”mhin

ki[n[ kh[viy? Kdmi> mi[T) Äy(ktn[ mhin n kh[viy.hiY) kdmi> mi[Ti[ C[ an[ miNs

a[ni krti> GNi[ nini[ C[, Cti> hiY) krti> mn&Oyn) yi[(n c(Qyit) mniy C[.hiY) gm[

t[Tli[ bLvin hi[y pN miNsni[ aiq vP<ni[ Ci[kri[ hi[y ti[ pN p*>CD) pkD) hiY)ni

miYimi> fTkir[ ti[ hiY) riD piD) jiy C[.aimi> mhin ki[N? aiq vrsni[ Ci[kri[ k[

hiY) ? mn&Oy mhin C[.a[ a[Tli miT[ mhin C[ k[ Bgvinn[ a[n[ hiY) krti> (vS[P

b&(Û aip) C[.T&>kmi> mhintini[ aY< kdmi> mi[T&> a[vi[ nY) Yti[.Xinmi> mi[Ti[ t[ mi[Ti[

a[m kh) Skiy.

B*mini[ b)ji[ aY< C[ j[ li>b& Tk[ t[.niS ti[ Xin) an[ aXin) bºn[ni[ C[.ki[e

miNs p>(Dt Ye gyi[ hi[y, cir[y v[d BN) gyi[ hi[y an[ bFi Åli[ki[ mi[Q[ bi[lti[

hi[y ti[ pn a[n&> “gm gµC T& gi[.” Yvin&>,a[Tl[ k[ t[ mZRy& pim) ah)>Y) prli[k

jvini[.a[m aBNn[y jvin&>,a[n&>y “rim bi[li[ Bie rim Yvin&>”.a[mi> s>Bv a[vi[

pN Kri[ k[ cir v[d BN[li[ ai[C&> Jv[ an[ (blk&l aBN vF& Jv[.a[ni[ aY< a[m C[

k[ p>(Dtie pN mhin nY).j[ li>b&> Tk[ C[, j[ snitn {kiym)} C[ a[ mhin C[,a[ B*mi

C[,a[ b\M C[.b\M mhin a[Tli miT[ C[ k[ a[ snitn C[ a[n[ Tkvini[ ki[e (nVt kiL

k[ smy nY).a[n&> a(AtRv kyirY) C[ t[n) ki[en[ Kbr nY).a[n) S$ait nY),t[m

a[ni[ p*N<(vrim {a>t} pn nY).a[n&> nim sRy an[ snitn,kiym Tk[ a[v&> B*mi

aYi<t` b\M. a[ b\M (sviy jgtn) gm[ t[Tl) mhin vAt&ai[, pN niSv>t hi[viY)

t&µC C[.ci]d B&vn Friv[ C[ a[v&> mi[T&> b\Mi>D,t[mi> vst) ag(Nt p\jiai[ an[ aºy

Jvi[,ag(Nt tiriai[,nx#ii[,g\hi[,upg\hi[,aipN) pZ¸v),t[ bFi prn) nd)ai[,phiDi[

ai bF&> niSv>t C[. ai smg\ b\Mi>D pN b\Mn) srKimN)a[ k>e (vsitmi>

nY).b\Mi>Dni[ niS YS[ Ryir[ b\M j S[P rh[S[.

Bgvin ~)kZON g)timi> kh[ C[ k[ h&> miri a[k j a>SY) ai smg\ b\Mi>Dn[

Y>Biv)n[ UBi[ c&>.a[ a[k a>S a[Tl[ Bgvinn) p*N<tini[ 480 mi[ Big.aipN)

Birt)y gNtr) m&jb p*N<ti a[Tl[ kLi.a[ dr[k kLini #i)s a>S hi[y C[.a[Tl[

p*N<tini[ aY< 480 a>S Yiy.a[mi>Y) 479 a>S Bgvin[ animt ri²yi C[ an[ fkt

a[k j a>SY) ai smg\ b\Mi>Dn[ Y>Biv)n[ UBi C[.aipN[ ti[ a[ a[k a>Sn[y p*ri[

jiNti nY).a[k a>Smi>Y) ti[ aiK&> b\Mi>D bºy&> C[ a[ b\Mi>Dn) a>dr[y k[Tli bFi

as>²y gi[Li C[! a[mi> aipN) pZ¸v)ni[ gi[Li[ ti[ siv ninimi> nini[ C[ aipN) pZ¸v)

krti> s*y< an[kgNi[ mi[Ti[ C[.b)ji bFi tiriai[n) j[m a[ s*y< pN tiri[ C[ an[ t[

pN b)ji tiriai[n) srKimN)mi> GNi[ ninkDi[ tiri[ C[.aipN[ s*y<n[ ji[ #iN-cir

f*Tni ÄyisviLi[ gi[Li[ min) lea[ an[ a[ni pr a[k Ti>kN)n&> Tpk&> m*k)a[ a[v)

ninkDi Tpki j[vD) aipN) pZ¸v) C[.a[ pZ¸v)n[ pN aipN[ p*r[p*r) jiNti nY).aipN[

pZ¸v)ni bFi K>Di[mi> an[ d[Si[mi> fr) aiÄyi nY).aipN[ Bl[ Birt d[Smi> rh)a[

C)a[, Cti> a[n[ pn kyi> p*ri[ ji[yi[ C[? ar[ Birt d[S ti[ q)k pN aipN[ aipNi

Sh[rn) GN) gl)ai[ an[ S[r)ai[mi> hJ s&F) gyi nY).

ai vit prY) smjiy>& hS[ k[ aipN[ k[Tli a9p C)a[. a9pti a[ B*min)

(v@Ûni[ S¾d C[.B*mi a[Tl[ k[ b\Mn) srKimN)mi> aipN[ siv j a9p C)a[. aipN)

a9p m(tY) piCi a[m kh)a[ C)a[ k[ “Bgvin,b\M,prmiRmi k[ eVr a[v&> ki>e C[

nh)>.h&> a[mi> minti[ nY).mir) b&(Û a[ni[ Av)kir krt) nY). “ar[ Bie ! t&> S&> an[

tir) b&(Û S&>? Tiri n Av)kirviY) ki>e sRy Yi[D&> fr) jvin&> C[? aipN) s>AkZ(t

aipNn[ piyin) vit kh[ C[ k[ “ph[li> ti[ tm[ pi[t[ k[Tli a9p Ci[ a[ smji[; pC) b\M

k[Tl&> mhin C[ a[n) tmn[ smj pDS[. “b\M k[ eVrn) mhinti j[m j[m smjiS[ t[m

t[m aipNimi> ~Ûi p[di YS[.mi#i ~Ûi p[di Yiy a[Tl&> j p&rt&> nY).a[ mhintin[

a[Tl[ b\M aYvi EVrn[ pimvin) ki[(SS pN krv) ji[ea[.ji[ aipN[ a[ mhintin[

pim)S&> ti[ aipN[ pN b\M bn) jeS>&.t[Y) j SiA#ii[ kh[ C[ k[ aym` aiRmi b\M

aYi<t` ai aiRmi b\M C[. aipN) s>AkZ(t aipNn[ a[m S)Kv[ C[ k[ tm[ pi[t[ j b\M

Ci[.tm[ B*mi {mhin} Ci[.pN aipNn[ ti[ a9ptimi> a[Tl) bF) mji aiv) ge C[ k[

b\Mn[ yid j nY) krti.jyir[ yid kr)a[ C)a[ Ryir[ b\Mn[y c[l[ºj krvi mi>D)a[

C)a[ k[ a[ b\M vL) S&> C[? aim aipN[ b\Mn[ (SPi<sn kriv) d)F&> C[.

Birt)y s>AkZ(t minv-s>AkZ(t C[

aipN) s>AkZ(t a[m S)Kv[ C[ k[ “mn&Oyi[ ! tmir) a9pti smji[ an[

mhintin[ ai[LKvini[ an[ pimvin) ki[(SS kri[.t[mi> j mn&Oy Jvnn) Fºyti C[.

jyir[ Äy(ktai[ni[ sm*h k[ smg\ smij ai vit smj[ an[ ki[(SS kr[ Ryir[ sici

aY<mi> s>AkZ(tn&> p&n@RYin Sky bn[.B*tkiLmi> aipNi ä(P-m&(nai[a[ an[ Birt)y

smij[ aiv) ki[(SS kr).a[mi>Y) j[ s>AkZ(t p[di Ye a[ s>AkZ(t aipN) p\ic)n Birt)y

s>AkZ(t a[ni[ ji[Ti[ B*tkiLmi> ti[ jgtmi> kyi>y jDyi[[ nY),hJ vt<minmi> mLti[ nY)

an[ B(vOymi> pN mLS[ nh)>.mir) W(OTa[ ä(P-m&(nai[a[ aip[li[ virsi[ mi#i

Birt)yi[ai[ni[ j nh)> pr>t&> smg\ mn&Oy ji(tni[ C[ kirN k[ Birt)y s>AkZ(tni> m*9yi[

an[ (sÛi>ti[ minvjit) miT[ upyi[g) n)vD[ t[vi C[ a[mi> a[m nY) kH&> k[ mi#i

Birtmi> jºm[lini[ aiRmi j b\M C[ an[ b)jini[ aiRm b\M nY).aipNi> SiA#ii[mi>

kyi>y a[v&> l²y&> nY).Birt)y SiA#ii[mi> ti[ smg\ minvji(t an[ mn&Oy mi#in) vit

kr) C[.mn&Oy gm[ Ryi> vsti[ hS[,Bi]gi[(lk r)t[ a[ Birt,am[(rki k[ d&(nyini ki[e

pN d[Smi> hS[,ti[pN minvjitni> m*9yi[mi> k[ s>AkZ(tni ai (sÛi>ti[mi> ki[e f[r

pDvini[ nY).Birt)y snitn s>AkZ(t a[ sic) minv s>AkZ(t C[.smg\ minvji(t ji[

ai s>AkZ(tn[ apniv) l[ ti[ aiK) pZ¸v)ni[ uÛir Ye jiy.ji[ k[ si] p\Ym ti[ Birtni

mn&Oyi[ k[ j[mni p*v<ji[a[ ai (vwin) smj aip) C[ an[ ai s>AkZ(t UB) kr)

C[,t[mN[ ti[ km s[ km ai s>AkZ(tn[ Tkiv) riKvin) jvibdir) adi krv) ji[ea[.ji[

k[ aipNi[ h[t& a[Tli[ s)(mt nY).aipN[ ti[ mi#i Birt)y smijn[ j nh)> pr>t&> smg\

minvjitn[ ai s>AkZ(t S)Kvv) C[.

(#im*(t< d[vi[ - sikir b\M

Birt)y s>AkZ(tmi> Bgvinni #iN m&²y sikir Av$pi[ minvimi> aiÄyi> C[; b\Mi,(vON&

an[ mh[S, a[mi> b\MiJa[ ai b\Mi>D bniÄy&> C[ pN b\MiJ (vON&Bgvinn)

ni(Bmi>Y) n)k9yi hi[e aipN[ a[Tl&> ti[ smJ Sk)a[ k[ (vON& Bgvin b\MiJY) mi[Ti

hi[vi ji[ea[.b\Mia[ bniv[li b\Mi>Dn[ Tkiv) riKvin&> kim (vON& Bgvin kr[ C[.jyir[

(vniS krvini[ YS[ Ryir[ a[ kim mh[S aYvi Bgvin (SvJ kr) SkS[.ai r)t[

#iN[y d[vi[ pi[tpi[tini> kiy<mi> mhin C[ kirN k[ a[kn&> kiy< b)ji[ kr) Skti[

nY).dr[kn&> kiy< aigv&> C[.a[ r)t[ (vcirti> (#id[v Av$pi[mi> Äy(ktgt r)t[ a[mi>ni

a[k[y b)jiY) mhin nY).Kr[Kr ti[ a[ #iN[ni[ srviLi[ a[Tl[ mhinti an[ a[

mhinti a[Tl[ b\M.b\M j B*mi {mhin} C[. b\M C[ a[ j tRtv: aiRmi pN C[.aiRmi

a[Tl[ b\Mni[ ninkDi[ a>S an[ b\M a[Tl[ prm {mhin} aiRmi.ninkDi aiRmin[

Sr)r mL[ C[ t[m prmiRmi {mi[Ti aiRmi} (dÄy Sr)r FirN kr[ C[.prmiRmi j&di j&di

#iN Sr)r FirN kr) (Sv,(vON& an[ b\Mi bn[ C[. mi[xn) siFni krnir[ (#id[vi[ni>

Sr)rn[ nh)> pr>t& a[mni> c]tºy tRvn[ aYit<` b\MtRvn[ pimvin&> C[.b\MtRvn[ pimv&>

a[n&> nim mi[x.a[ aiRmk9yiNn) a>(tm (AY(t C[.a[ pC) aiRmin&> ki[e li[kmi>

p&nrigmn Yt&> nY).jyi> s&F) b\MtRvn) p\i(¼t n Yiy Ryi> s&F) aiRmin[ fr) fr)n[

p&tj<ºm l[vi[ pD[ C[.

d&:Kn) aiRy>(tk (nvZ(t a[Tl[ mi[x

aipN) s>AkZ(t S)Kv[ C[ k[ tmim d&:Ki[n&> airy>(tk (nvirN Yv&> a[n&> nim mi[x

C[.jyi> s&F) JviRmin) a9pti C[ Ryi> s&F) d&:K rh[vin&> j.Jvn) a9ptin) siY[ d&:K

ji[Diy[l&> C[.Jvn[ mLnir s&K an[ d&:Kn&> p\miN t[n) a9pti pr aiFi(rt C[.j[m j[m

Jvn) a9pti vFt) jiy t[m t[m d&:Kn&> p\miN vFt&> jiy C[. an[ j[m j[m a9pti

GTt) jiy t[m t[m s&Kn&> p\miN vFt&> jiy.C[9l&> s>p*N< s&K a[Tl[ prmin>d.a[ simiºy

s&K nh) pN prm {svi[<µc} s&K an[ ain>d C[.a[ prm s&K k[ prmin>d fkt

b\MtRvn[ piÀyi pC) j p\i¼t Yiy C[.a[ prm s&K k[ prmin>d pC) ki>e d&:K rh[t&> j

nY) tmim d&:Ki[n) aiRy>(tk a[Tl[ k[ s>p*N< (nvZ(t Yiy C[.b\M p\i(¼t pC) ki[e

ai(F,Äyi(F k[ upi(F rh[t) nY).

mi[x n mL[ Ryi> s&F) Jvn[ s&K an[ d&:K m9yi. kr[ C[.Jvn[ d&:K C[ miT[ s&K

ji[ea[ C[.aipN[ ki[e p\kir[ d&:K) C)a[ miT[ aipNn[ s&K ji[ea[ C[.ah)> d&(nyimi> ti[

x(Nk s&Ki[ k[ a9p s&Ki[ hi[y C[.Birt)y snitn s>AkZ(t kh[ C[ k[ a[n) piCL n

di[Di[,prmin>d apivnir prms&K a[kvir p\i¼t Ye jiy ti[ fr) a[n[ miT[ ki[(SS

krvin) rh[S[ nh)> mi[x$p) SiVt s&K mL) gyi pC) ai jgtmi> aivigmnni> f[rip

N TL) jiy C[.jyi> s&F) JviRmin[ mi[xp\i(¼t nh)> Yiy Ryi> s&F) aivigmnni> f[ri

cil& j rh[S[.dr[k vKt[ jºm FirN kr)n[ aipN[ a[k srK) j ki[(SS krvin)

C[.BNv&>,ni[kr)-F>Fi[ krvi[,prNv&>,biL bµci> p[di krvi>,t[mn[ uC[rvi>-BNivvi-

prNi>vvi>, ni[kr) F>Fimi>Y) (nvZt Yv&>,GrDi> Yv&>,ri[g) Yv&> an[ mrv&>.ai bF&>> ji[ fr)

fr) krv&> gmt&> n hi[y ti[ (vcir krvi[ ji[ea[ k[ S&> krviY) aivigmnni> f[ri kiym

miT[ TL[ an[ fr) jºm l[vi[ n pD[.DiHi[ miNs S&> (vcir[? a[ a[m j (vcir[ k[ jgtmi>

x(Nk s&Ki[,a9p s&Ki[ m[Lvvin[ bdl[ SiVt prmin>d j m[Lvvi[

ji[ea[.minvJvnmi> SiVt s&K k[ b\MtRv j pimvi j[v&> C[.

miyi sRyn[ smjvimi> k[ aicrvimi> biFk

ji[ ai bF&> aipNn[ bribr smjit&> hi[y ti[ a[n[ aicrNmi> m*kti> ki[N ri[k[ C[? S&>

ki[e aiv)n[ aipN&> bivD&> zil)n[ a[m kh[ C[ k[ “a[y ! aim n kriy”.aipN[ mi[x

miT[ p&$PiY< nY) krti> a[Tl[ j$r ki[ek aipNn[ ri[k[ C[.aipNn[ ki[N ri[k[ C[ t[ kh&>

“miyi” a[ d[Kit) nY) an[ aipN&> bivD&> pN zilt) nY).a[N[ ti[ aipN&> mgj pkD)

ri²y&> C[ an[ a[n[ Ci[Dt) j nY).miyi smj[ C[ k[ mn&Oyi[ni hiY-pg pkDviY) m[L

nh)> pD[,a[mni> mgj pkD) riKi[.bs pC) miyi j[m kh[ a[m aipN[ krvin&>.pC)

aipNi hiY pg hilS[ Kri> pN miyini h&km p\miN[.aiv) C[ a[ miyi.a[n&> b)j&> nim

C[ B\m {e9y&zn}. a[n&> j #i)j&> nim a(vwi pN C[.a[ a(vwini kirN[ aipN[ sic&

smjti nY) an[ Ki[Ti B\mmi> ric)a[ C)a[.a(vwi$p) aNsmjY) j aipN[

Bi](tkvidmi> min)a[ C)a[.miyi k[ a(vwi$p) B\i(ºtn[ kirN[ aipN[ pdiY<n[ sRy

min)a[ C)a[ an[ p]sin[ prm[Vr min)a[ C)a[.miyin[ kirN[ j aipN[ “EVr j[v&>

ki>e C[ j nh)>” a[v&> kh)a[ C)a[.a[ miyia[ aipNi> mgjmi> jbr) B\i(ºt p[di kr)

C[,j[ni kirN[ sRy smJ Skit&> nY).

aipN[ sRy smjv&> hi[y an[ B\i(ºtY) C*Tv&> hi[y ti[ ai Jvnmi> S&> krv&>

ji[ea[ a[ni[ mig< aipNi ä(P-m&(nai[a[ snitn Fm<ni> SiA#ii[mi> btiÄyi[ C[.aipN[

ji[ a[ mig< pkD)a[ an[ a[ m&jb Jvn Jv)a[ ti[ aipN) Birt)y snitn s>AkZ(tn&>

p&n@RYin aipm[L[ Ye jiy an[ a[ kiym Tk) rh[.pN mi[T) m&Æk[l) a[ C[ k[ aipN[

a[ mig[< cil) Skti nY).a[ aipN&> kmns)b gNiy.snitn Fm< j[Tli sRy an[

~[Oq (sÛi>ti[ sd)ai[Y) scviy[li C[.kmns)b[ hv[ aipN[ a[n[ B*lvin) t]yir) krvi

mi>Dyi C)a[.Bi](tkvid)ai[ pis[ ti[ aiv&> sRy ht&> j nh)>,a[Tl[ a[n[ B*lvini[ p\Ån j

nY).vt<minmi> a[ Bi](tkvid)ai[ Birt pis[ j[ ki>e ai¹yi(Rmk Xinni[ virsi[ C[

a[mi>Y) fi>fi> mir)n[ Si[F[ C[ k[ minv Jvn miT[ ~[Oq S&> C[ ? jyir[ aipN[ aipN)

pis[ aiv) ~[Oq ai¹yi(Rmk s>AkZ(t hi[vi Cti> a[n[ ki[rin[ m*k)n[ aij[ $(pyi,Di[lr k[

piuºD piCL di[D)a[ C)a[ aYi<t` Bi](tkvid piCL di[D)a[ C)a[. aipN[ pN F)m[ F)m[

“p]si[ j prm[Vr C[ .” a[ (sÛi>tn[ minvi mi>Dyi C)a[.Birt)y snitn s>AkZ(tni

Bi(vn) W(OTa[ ai sir&> nY).

minvjºmn) mh_ii

b\MiJa[ ai s&(OTn&> sj<n ky&<> Ryir[ ci]d li[k aYvi B&vn bniÄyi tYi ci[yi<s) liK

p\kirn) (v(vF Jvyi[n)ai[ pN bniv). ci]d B&vni[ bniÄyi> t[mi> pZ¸v)li[kn[ m¹ymi>

ri²yi[ an[ t[n) upr C Avgi[< {B&vli[<k,Avli[k,mhli[<k,jnli[k,tpli[k an[

b\Mli[k} AYi¼yi>.a[ j r)t[ pZ¸v)li[kn) n)c[ sit pitiL

{atl,(vtl,s&tl,tlitl,rsitl,mhitl an[ pitil} AYi¼yi>.ai dr[k li[k k[

B&vnmi> (v(vF p\kirn) Jvyi[n)ai[n[ pN AYip).uprni Avgi[<mi> d[vyi[n),n)c[ni

pitili[mi> dinvyi[n) an[ vµc[ni pZ¸v)li[kmi> minvyi[n)n[ AYi(pt kr).pZ¸v)li[kmi>

mn&Oy upri>t pS&,px),k)T,pt>g eRyid)n) pN an[k yi[(nai[ AYi(pt kr).

a[m kh[viy C[ k[ ci[yi<s) liK yi[(nn&> b\MiJa[ sj<n ky&< t[mi> C[k C[9l[ j

minvyi[n)n&> sj<n ky&< ht&>. ci[yi<s) liKmi>Y) a[j yi[(n sj<vin) bik) ht) Ryir[ pN

b\MiJn[ s>ti[P n Yyi[.a[ a[k pC) a[k yi[(n sj<ti gyi pr>t&> a[mi mi[x pim) Sk[

a[v) a[k[y yi[(n n ht).C[vT[ jyir[ a[mN[ mn&Oy bniÄyi[ Ryir[ a[mn[ s>ti[P Yyi[ k[

hv[ ai yi[(n bribr C[.a[ni pC) a[mN[ ki[e yi[(n sJ< nY).mn&Oy d[hmi>Y) j mi[x

mL) Sk[ t[m C[.ci[yi<s) liK yi[(nmi>Y) b)J a[k pN a[v) yi[(n nY) k[ j[ mi[x p\i¼t

kr) Sk[.d[vi[n) yi[(n pN a[v) nY).d[vi[ pis[ s*Èmd[h C[.s*Èmd[hY) siFni Ye Skt)

nY) mi#i AY*L d[hY) j siFni Ye Sk[ C[. albt, AY*Ld[h ti[ pS&ai[ an[ px)ai[

pis[y C[ pN t[mnimi> aivÆyk b&(Ü hi[t) nY).AY*Ld[h pN hi[y an[ aiRmk9yiN

Simi> C[ t[ smjvin) b&(Ü tYi siFni krvin) aivDt pN hi[y a[vi[ fkt a[k j

minvd[h j C[.

aigL kH&> t[m ai pZ¸v)li[kY) uprni li[k j[mi> d[vi[,g>Fvi[<,(kºnri[,a¼sriai[

vg[r[ vs[ C[ t[mn[ tYi n)c[ni pitili[mi> dinvi[,d]Ryi[,rixsi[,nigi[ vg[r[ vs[ C[ t[mn[

Ryi>Y) s)F) mi[xp\i¼t) Yt) nY).t[mni> p&·yi[ k[ pipi[ni[ xy Yti> s&F) t[ai[ Ryi> rh[

C[.t[ pC) a[ bFiy li[kmi>Y) JviRmi>n&> ah)> p&nrigmn Yiy C[.b)jili[kmi>Y) mi[x

mLti[ nY).Bgvin[ JviRmin&> mi[xn&> bi@> ah)> pZ¸v)li[kmi> j ri²y&> C[.Bgvin[ a[vi[

(nym bniÄyi[ C[ k[ ai pZ¸v)li[k prY) an[ mn&Oy yi[(nmi>Y) j JviRmini[ mi[x Ye

Sk[.14 li[kmi>Y) an[ 84 {ci[yi<s)} liK yi[(nmi>Y) fkt mn&Oy j ai¹yi(Rmk siFni

Wiri mi[xp\i(¼t kr) Sk[ C[.mtlb k[ mi[x p&@PiY< fkt minv yi[(nmi>j aicr) Skiy

C[.a[Tl[ mn&Oyjºm K*b mhRvni[ C[. aipNn[ k[Tli[ (kmt)> d[h Bgvin[ ai¼yi[ C[?

an[ aipN[ a[n) k[Tl) (k>m t ai>k) C[? a[ r)t[ (vcir)a[ ti[ aipN[ a[n) GN) ai[C)

(k>mt ai>k)a[ C)a[. aipN[ Sr)rn[ p>piL) p>piL)n[ riK)a[ C)a[,a[n[ sir&> sir&>

KvDiv)a[ C)a[,sir&> sir&> ph[riv)a[ C)a[ an[ vL) a[n[ bribr SNgir)n[ fi[Ti pN

pDiv)a[ C)a[.aiv&> bF&> kr)a[ C)a[ a[ a[n) sic) (k>mt kr) n kh[viy.Bgvin[

aipNn[ mn&Oyni[ d[h ai¼yi[ C[ t[ k>e a[n[ liD lDivvi miT[ nY) ai¼yi[.a[ d[h ti[

Fmi<crN {Fm<ni> piln} krvi miT[ ai¼yi[ C[, ai¹yi(Rmk siFni krvi miT[ ai¼yi[ C[.

ai¹yi(Rmk siFni Wiri a[n[ tpvi di[ pC) a[mi>Y) s&g>F n)kLS[ an[ a[ s&g>F

jgtmi> f[livi mi>DS[.aipN[ agrb_i) k[ F*p bjirmi>Y) Kr)d) liv)a[ C)a[ pC)

a[n) s&g>F miNvi miT[ a[n[ sLgiv)a[ C)a[.a[ sLg[ C[ Ryir[ j (vS[P s&g>F aip[

C[.aipN[ pN ji[ minvJvnn) s&g>F p\srivv) hi[y ti[ tpv&> ti[ pDS[ j. tpvini

aYvi tpVyi<ni b[ rAti C[. ki> ti[ ai¹yi(Rmk siFni kri[,a[ Kr) tpVyi< C[. an[

ji[ a[ n Ye Sk[ ti[ Fmi<crN kri[.ai¹yi(Rmk siFni bFiY) Ye Skt) nY) pr>t&>

Fmi<crN bFiY) Ye Sk[ t[m C[.Jvnmi> yi[³y smy[ si>si(rk Bi[gi[ an[ (vPyi[mi>Y)

(nvZt Yvi e(ºWy(ng\h S)Ki[,Bgvin p\Ry[ an[ Fm< p\Ry[ vLi[,j[Y) mZRy& pC) s&K

p\i¼y Yiy.aipNn[ bFin[ ai jºm[ ti[ s&K ji[ea[ j C[.m&Ry& pC) pN ki[n[ s&K nY)

ji[et&>? ji[ aipN[ m&Ry& pC) pN s&K ji[et&> hS[ ti[ a[ni[ piyi[ ai jºm[ j ni>Kvi[

pDS[.ai jºm[ aicr[li> kmi[< p\miN[ m&Ry& bid aipNi b)ji jºmn&> p\ir¾F bn[ C[.b)ji

jºm[ m&Ry& pC) aipNn[ s&K mLS[ k[ d&:K mLS[ a[ni[ aiFir aipNi> ai jºmni> kmi[<

pr rh[ C[.

Birt)y s>AkZ(tmi> km<n&> s*Èm (vXin

aipN&> SiA#i kh[ C[ k[ aipN[ p\i¼t jºm[ j[ ki>e nini> mi[Ti> kmi[< kr)a[ C)a[ a[ tmim

kmi[< prY) pi>c vAt&> nkk) Yiy C[.

{1} aivti jºmn) ji(t, {2} aivti jºmn&> aiy&Oy, {3} aivti> jºm[ p\i¼t Ynir)

s>Xi, {4} aivti jºm[ mLniri g&Ni[ an[ {5} aivti jºmmi> mLniri Bi[gi[.ai pi>c

bibti[ (vgtvir smJa[.

ph[l) bibt C[ ji(t.ji(t a[Tl[ S&>? Bi(v jºmmi> aipN[ ke yi[(nmi> jºm

m[Lv)S&> t[ si]Y) ph[l&> nkk) YS[.k&tri[ YeS&>,gF[Di[ YES&>,px) YeS&> k[ miNs YeS&>

a[ nkk) krniri p\i¼t jºmni> kmi[< “ji(t kmi[<” kh[viy C[. dr[k ji(tmi> piC&> k&T&>b

pN hi[y C[.a[Tl[ ji(t kmi[<Y) a[ pN nkk) Yiy C[ k[ kyi k&T&>bmi> jºm mLS[.a[

r)t[ ji(t an[ k&T&>b nkk) krniri> kmi[< “nimkm<” an[ “gi[#ikm<” pN kh[viy

C[.a[mi> j[ kmi[<Y) yi[(n nkk) Yiy t[ “nimkm<” kh[viy C[ j[m k[

miNs,k*tri[,giy,kigDi[,gF[Di[ vg[r[ ai bFi> yi[(n s*cvti> ji(tvick nimi[ C[.a[v)

r)t[ j[ kmi[<Y) gi[#i k[ k&T&>b nkk) Yiy t[ “gi[#ikmi[<” kh[viy C[.a[ni prY) kyi

k&T&>bmi> jºm mLS[ t[ nkk) Yiy C[.

b)J bibt aiy&Oy C[.k[Tli>k kmi[< a[vi> C[, j[niY) aipN&> aivti jºmn&>

aiy&Oy nkk) Yiy C[.aipNi> SiA#ii[ kh[ C[ k[ k(ly&gmi> mn&Oyn&> aiy&Oy si[ vP<n&> C[.

ji[ k[ bFi si[ vP< Jv[ a[v&> bF&> bnt&> nY).GNi> li[ki[ si[ vP< p*ri Yti> ph[li> j g*jr)

jiy C[.aipNi mnmi> p\Ån YS[ k[ ji[ SiA#i[ si[ vP<n&> aiy&Oy btiÄy&> C[, ti[ a[ FT)

k[m jiy C[? aivi[ a[k p\Ån mhiBirtmi> FZtriOT^[ (vd&rn[ p*C[li[ C[.FZtriOT^[ (vd*rJn[

p*Cy&> C[ k[ “(vd&r ! SiA#i kh[ C[ k[ mn&Oyn&> aiy&Oy si[ vP<n&> C[,t[m Cti> FNi miNsi[

si[ vP< Jvti nY) ti[ ain&> S&> kirN?” (vd&rJ utr aip[ C[ k[ “aiy&Oy FTvini> pi>c

kirNi[ hi[y C[.t[mi>n&> ph[l&> C[ a(Bmin,b)j&> k\i[F,#i)j&> li[B,ci[Y&> (m#iWi[h an[ pi>cm&>

ki[en) l)F[l) vAt& piC) n aipv) t[ C[.aiTli pi>c kirNi[Y) mn&Oyn&> aiy&Oy GT[

C[.” aiY) smJ l[v&> ji[ea[ k[ ai jºm[ aipN[ a(BminY) km< kr)S&> ti[ aipN&>

aivti jºmn&> aiy&Oy GTvin&> C[.k\i[FY) j[ kmi[< kr)S&> t[niY) pN aipN&> aiy&Oy

GTvin&> C[.a[ j r)t[ li[BY) pN GTvin&> C[.ji[ (m#i siY[ (vÅvisGit kr)S&>,(m#iWi[h

kr)S&> ti[ pN aiy&Oy GTS[.vL) aipN[ ki[en) ci[pD) vi>cvi liÄyi an[ piC) aipvi

gyi j nh) ti[ pN aipN&> aiy&Oy GTS[.ki[en) l)F[l) c)j piC) n aip)a[ ti[ a[v&>

km< pN aipN&> aiy&Oy GTiDS[.ji[ aipN[ aivti jºm[ Bgvin pis[ li>b&> k[ p*@> si[

vP<n&> aiy&Oy mi>gv&> hi[y ti[ ai pi>c p\kirni> kmi[< n krvi> ji[ea[.

#i)J bibt C[ s>Xi. aivti jºm[ aipN)

smjS(kt,Xing\hNS(kt,b&(ÜS(kt aYi<t` s>Xi k[Tl) sir) hS[ a[ni[ (nN<y

k[Tli>k kmi[< prY) Yiy C[.SiA#ii[a[ s>Xi p\i¼t krivniri> p\i¼t jºmi[ni> kmi[<ni> #iN

Big piDyi C[ : dS<n)y kmi[<, mi[hn)y kmi[<, an[ XinivrN kmi[<.ai p\kirni> kmi[<

aipN) Bi(v s>Xin[ GDniri> C[.hv[ ai #iN kmi[<n[ (vgtvir smJa[.

{1} dS<n)y kmi[< : aipN[ e(ºWyi[ Wiri Bi[gi[ Bi[gv)a[ C)a[.a[mi> ji[ vF& pDti

Bi[gi[mi. pD) jEa[,a[ni> b>FiN) Ye jEa[, ti[ a[ aipN) b&(Ün[ GTiDniri> dS<n)y

kmi[< bn) jiy C[.

{2} mi[hn)y km> : S¾d,ApS<,$p,rs an[ g>F ai pi>c (vPyi[n&> vF& pDt&> s[vn pN

b&(ÜS(kt GTiDni@> km< C[.

{3} XinivrN km< : Ki[T) vitn[ sic) min) B\i>(ºtmi> pD)a[ an[ a[ B\i>(ºtn[ pkD)

riK)a[ a[v&> km< pN b&(Ün[ GTiDnir&> C[. di.t. aipN&> SiA#i kh[ C[ k[ ai¹yiRmvid

~[Oq C[. t[m Cti> aipNimi>ni k[Tlikn[ a[m C[ k[ a¹yiRmvid Ki[Ti[ C[ an[ siÀyvid

~[Oq C[.GNin[ vL) a[m C[ k[ a¹yiRmvid nkimi[ C[ pN m*D)vid ~[Oq C[,k[Tlik vL)

a[m kh[ C[ k[ a¹yiRmvid j gr)b)n&> kirN C[, jyir[ smijvid ~[Oq C[.ji[ aipNn[

a[m Yiy C[ k[ ai¹yiRmvidn[ kirN[ GN&> Ki[T&> Ye rH&> C[ an[ a¹yiRmvidmi> minvi

j[v&> nY) ti[ SiA#in) W(OTa[ t[ ai B\i(ºt p[di krnir&> XinivrN km< C[.j[ aipNn[

sic&> Xin n Yvi d[ a[ XinivrN km< C[.a[niY) aivti jºm[ aXin j p\i¼t Yiy C[

kirN k[ a[v&> km< aipN) s>Xi aYi<t` b&(ÜS(ktn[ GTiD[ C[.aivt[ jºm[ ji[ b&(Ü siv

ai[C) Ye jiy ti[ aipN[ miNs mT) gF[Di[ pN Ye jea[ a[v) Skyti Kr).

ci[Y) bibt C[ g&N.siri g&Ni[,siri[ AvBiv an[ siri[ min(sk z&kiv p\i¼t

Yiy ti[ aipNi[ b)ji[ jºm s&Fr[ C[ an[ aiRmk9yiNni mig[< aigL vFiy C[.

SiA#ii[kt (v(htkmi[< aivi g&N-AvBiv s&Firniri> kmi[< C[.t[Y) SiA#ii[a[ (v(htkmi[<

krvin) aiXi kr) C[ pr>t& aipNimi> rh[li d&g&<Ni[ aipNn[ ai (v(htkmi[< krvi d[ti

nY).d&g&<Ni[ (v(htkmi[< p\Ry[ a@(c p[di kr[ C[ ji[ aipN[ aivti[ jºm s&Firvi[ hi[y ti[

aivi a>triy jºmivniri d&g&<Ni[Y) d*r rh[v&> ji[ea[.

pi>cm) bibt C[ Bi[g. aivti jºmmi> aipNn[ k[vi> s&K d&K Bi[gvvini> aivS[

t[ tYi s&K d&Kn&> p\miN k[Tl&> hS[ t[ bF&> j[ni> aiFir[ nkk) Yiy C[ a[n[ v[dn)y kmi[<

kh[ C[. v[dn)ykmi[<ni[ aiFir aipN) s>v[dnS)lti k[ aipNi gmiaNgmi upr

C[.aipNn[ k>ek gÀy&> an[ k>ek n gÀy&>.ki[ekn[ ji[en[ aipN&> mi[>Q&> cD) jiy an[

ki[ekY) aipNn[ p\sºnti Ye jiy. a[ bFi> v[dn)ykmi[< C[.a[vi kmi[< j[Tli> vF&> kr)S&>

a[Tli p\miNmi> aivti jºm[ aipN[ s&K k[ d&K Bi[gvvi> pDS[.a[mi> ji[ siri> v[dn)y

kmi[< kyi< hS[ ti[ aipNn[ s&K mLS[ an[ Krib v[dn)y kmi[< kyi< hS[ ti[ d&K p\i¼t

YS[.

s*Èm rsiyN (vXin an[ aigim) Jvn

aipN[ drri[j svirY) si>j s&F)mi> kmi[< ti[ GNi> bFi> kr)a[ C)a[.Kiea[ C)a[,p)a[

C)a[ Uq)a[ C)a[,b[s)a[ C)a[,niAti[ kr)a[ C)a[, (sn[mi ji[vi jea[ C)a[,gpsp

k[ ain>d-p\mi[d kr)a[ C)a[,(n>di-k&Yl) k[ lDie-zgDi[ pN kr)a[ C)a[ a[vi> k>e

k[Tliy kmi[< kr) niK)a[ C)a[.a[ bFi> kmi[<ni sm*hmi>Y) km<ni[ ak< bn[ C[.hv[ ai

vit udihrN aip)n[ bribr smjiv&> C&>.aipN[ bFi Bi[jnmi> (v(vF pdiYi[< j[vi k[

ri[Tl), diL,Bit,Sik,liD&>,cTN),aYiN&> a[m GN&> bF&> Kiea[ C)a[.a[ j&di j&di GNi

pdiYi[< p[Tmi> gyi pC) alg rh[ti nY).a[ni[ a[k rgDi[ bn) jiy C[ a[ rgDimi>Y)

Sr)rni> j&di j&di avyvi[ pi[tini> miT[ j$r) pi[Pk tRvi[ K[>c) l[ C[.mtlb k[ pC)

rgDi[y rh[ti[ nY) pN a[mi>Y) C*Ti> pD[li> pi[Pk WÄyi[ bn) jiy C[.aipN[ a[ WÄyi[n[

j&di j&di nim aip)a[ C)a[ : (vTim)n,p\i[T)n,kibi[<hieD[̂T,f[T vg[r[.ai bFi pdiYi[<

Wiri aipN&> Sr)r pZOT bn[ C[ an[ nB[ C[.Sr)rni (nBiv miT[ ai bFin) j$r

C[.aipN[ Kiea[ C)a[ j&di pdiYi[<.pC) a[mi>Y) b)j&> $pi>tr Ye rgDi[ bn[ C[ an[

#i)ji $pi>tr[ a[mi>Y) (vTim)n,p\i[(Tn vg[r[ g\iH WÄyi[ bn[ C[. a[v) r)t[ aipN)

Jvnn) m)lmi> aipN[ kr[li> bFi> j kmi[< pD[ C[ j[ Bgvinni ci[pD[ ni[>Fiy

C[.Bgvin a[ni[ rgDi[ kr) an[ ki[À¼y&Trn&> bTn dbiv[ a[Tl[ a[mi>Y) $pi>tr Ye

aipN&> nim km<,gi[#ikm<,dS<n)y km<,mi[hn)y km<, v[dn)y km<,a>triy km< vg[r[

vg)<krN Yen[ n)kL[.a[ bFi> j[Tli p\miNmi> n)kL[ a[ni prY) Bgvin nkk) kr[ k[

aivti jºm[ aipNi> ji(t,aiy&Oy,g&N,s>Xi vg[r[ k[vi> an[ k[Tli> p\miNmi> rh[S[ an[

aipNi (hAs[ k[Tl&> s&K k[ d&K Bi[gvvin&> aivS[.a>t[ ai bFini[ srviLi[ a[Tl[

aivti jºmni aipN[.ai jºmni rgDimi>Y) a>t[ j[vi p(rNim mL[ a[vi aipN[ b)ji

jºmmi> bn)a[.aRyir[ aipN[ j[ C)a[ t[ gt jºmni> p(rNim$p[ C)a[.hv[ ai jºm[ j[

ki>e kmi[< kr)a[ C)a[ a[n) mi(ht) Bgvin a[mni> ki[À¼y&Trmi> f)D krS[ an[ aivti

jºmmi> aipNn[ k[vi bnivvi t[ nkk) krvini[ kmiºD aipvi bTn dibS[.

Bgvin a[ni ki[À¼y&Trmi> ni>K[li rgDimi>Y) r)z9T $p[ aipN&> p\ir¾F kiQ)

aip[ C[ pN a[ miT[ m*L msili[ ti[ aipN[ p*ri[ piD)a[ C)a[.km<$p) kici[ mil ti[

aipN[ j aip)a[ C)a[. a[Tl[ Kr[Kr ti[ aipN&> Bi(v p\ir¾F aipNi j hiYmi> C[.km<

aipN[ krvin&> C[ an[ r)z9T bhir piDvin&> kiy< Bgvinni hiYmi> C[.aipNi

kmi<n&sir b)ji jºm[ aipN[ k>ek bnvini C)a[.a[v&> Bi](tkvid)ai[ k[

Bi](tk(vXin)ai[ aipNn[ nh)> S)Kv) Sk[.a[mn[ ti[ km<ni kiydin) k[ km<n) g(tn)

gtigm j nY).a[ ti[ s>p*N< sRy smjyi vgr j a(Bp\iyi[ ai¼yi kr[ C[.aipNi>

(#ikiLXin) ä(P-m&(nai[a[ s>p*N< sRy smjyi jiNyi pC) j ai am*9y Xin

minvjitn[ ai¼y&> C[.aiv) utm aipN) p\ic)n s>AkZ(t C[ an[ aipNi> p\ic)n SiA#ii[

aipNn[ aivi u_im (sÜi>ti[ S)Kv[ C[.

Bi](tkvid) s>AkZ(t s>sirck\n[ j sRy min) t[mi> j rµyipµyi rh) s>sirni

Bi[gi[ an[ Bi](tk s&Ki[ Si[Fvin) slih aip[ C[.a¹yiRmvid) s>AkZ(t s>sirn[ (m¸yi

smj[ C[ an[ t[ni ckkrmi>Y) C*Tvi an[ SiVt ai(Rmk s&K pimvin) slih aip[ C[.

vt<miny&gmi> mi[Ti Bigni li[ki[ s>sirni ck\n[ sRy smJn[ cilniri ji[vi mL[ C[.

ji[ k[ s>sirmi. pD[li a[ bFi kiym a[mi> pD[li j rh[S[ a[v&> nY). aYi<t` dr[k

(nymn[ ki>ek apvid hi[t C[. a[ r)t[ s>sirck\ni (nymn[ pN apvid C[. j[ Jv

aivi[ apvid kr[ C[ a[ Fm<p&@PiY<Y) S$ kr[ C[ an[ a>t[ mi[xp&@PiY< Wiri

s>sirck\mi>Y) C*T) prmiRmi s&F) phi[>c[ C[.aipN[ aivi apvidmi> rh[v&> C[ k[

s>sirck\ni (nymmi> b>Fie rh[v&> C[ t[ aipN[ j nkk) krvin&> C[. aipNi vt) b)ji[

ki[e t[ a>g[ nkk) kr) Sk[ a[m nY).Bgvin[ aipNn[ a[Tl) Avt>#iti aip) d)F) C[.

km<ni[ kiydi[ an[ km<Avt>#iti

mn&Oyn[ Avt>#i b&(Ü aip)n[ Bgvin[ kH&> “ m[> tn[ miNs bniÄyi[ C[ an[ tn[ Avt>#i

b&(Ü aip) C[. hv[ tir) b&(Ü cil[ a[ p\miN[ (vcirj[ an[ tn[ j[ q)k lig[ t[vi> kmi[<

krj[.siY[ siY[ tn[ a[Tl&> kh) du> C&> k[ km<ni[ ci[kks kiydi[ C[. ji[ t&> si(_vk km<

kr)S,sRkmi[< kr)S,Fm<km< kr)S,p&·ykm< kr)S ti[ h&> tn[ bdlimi> ki[epN p\kirn&>

s&K aip)S.ji[ t&> rij(sk k[ tim(sk km< kr)S,Ki[T&> k[ pipkm< kr)S,aFm< kr)S ti[

h&> tn[ ki[epN p\kirn&> d&:K aip)n[ sji kr)S.” bs ! Bgvin[ aiTli[ (nym

btiÄyi[ an[ aipNn[ Avt>#i b&(Ü aip) ai s>sirmi> C*Ti m*kyi C[.

hv[ aipN[ b&(Ü viprvin) C[ k[ aipN[ si(_vk km< krv&> C[ k[ rij(sk-

tim(sk km< krv&> C[.? pip krv&> C[ k[ p&·y krv&> C[? Fm< krvi[ C[ k[ aFm< aicrvi[

C[? ki[epN jitni[ (nN<y krvi miT[ aipN[ Avt>#i C)a[.Bgvin a[mi> ri[kTi[k krti[

nY).Bgvin fkt fL aipvin) lgim a[mni hiYmi> riK) C[.ji[ aipN[ Ki[T&> km<

kr)S&>,aFi(m<kkm< kr)S&>,pip kr)S&>,rij(sk-tim(sk bn)S&> ti[ aipNn[ sji$p[ d&:K

aipS[ an[ ji[ aipN[ sRkm< kr)S&>,p&·ykm< kr)S&>,Fi(m<k km< kr)S&>,si(_vkkm< kr)S&>

ti[ aipNn[ p&rAkir$p[ s&K aipS[.aipn[ bFi Jvnmi> S&> eµC)a[ C)a[ a[ ti[ aipN[

jiN)a[ j C)a[.ki[en[ d&:K ji[et&> nY),bFin[ s&K ji[ea[ C[.ki[en[ d>D Bi[gvvi[ nY),

bFin[ p&rAkir ji[ea[ C[.t[m Cti> mi[TiBig[ aipN[ km< (blk&l avL&> kr) rHi C)a[.

Bgvin aipNn[ lgBg ti[ d>D j aip[ a[v&> BiY&> aipN[ bi>F) rHi> C)a[.

km<ni[ (sÜi>t si>BLvimi> sh[li[ C[, smjvimi> pN sh[li[ C[ pN aicrN

krvin&> jyir[ aiv[ C[ Ryir[ aipNn[ ai (sÜi>t aFri[ lig[ C[. aicrN krvin&> aiv[

Ryir[ aipN) b&(Ü pr miyi svir Ye jiy C[. miyi aipNn[ avL&> smjiv[ C[ j[

aipN) rij(sk-tim(sk p\kZ(tn[ an&k*L pD[ C[, t[Y) aipN[ avL&> km< krvi lig)a[

C)a[. miyi aipN) b&(Ümi> B\i(ºt sj[< C[ j[Y) aipN[ km<ni (sÜi>tn[ Ki[Ti[ min)

lea[ C)a[. aipNn[ B\iºt b&(Ü smjiv[ C[ k[ SiA#i kh[t&> hi[y ti[ Bl[ kh[t&> hi[y pN

km<ni[ aivi[ ki[e kiydi[ hi[y t[m jNit&> nY), miT[ aipNn[ an&k*L pD[ t[m j krv&>.

skim an[ (nOkim kmi[<ni> fL

aY<p&@PiY< an[ kimp&@PiY< ti[ skim kmi[< C[. a[ aipNn[ b>Fnmi> niKniri

C[. skim km< a[n[ kh[viy k[ j[ km< aipN[ kr)a[ a[n&> fL aipN[ Bi[gvv&> j pD[.a[

r)t[ fL Bi[gv) lea[ a[Tl[ a[ km<ni[ niS Ye jiy, pC) a[ aipNi> Kit[ bik) rh[

nh)>. jyi> s&F) skim km<n&> fL n Bi[gÄy&> hi[y Ryi> s&F) a[ km< aipN[ miY[ tlvirn)

j[m lTkt&> rh[.a[n&> fL Bi[gv) n lea[ Ryi> s&F) a[ km<ni[ niS n Yiy. Ai W(OTa[

ji[ti> smjiS[ k[ aY<p&@PiY< an[ kimp&@PiY< Wiri aipNn[ j[ ki>e fLp\i(¼t Yiy C[

a[ x(Nk j hi[y C[.a[ fL mL) jti> km< niS pim[ C[. vL) mL[l&> fL pN kiym

Tkt&> nY). vh[l&> k[ mi[D&> t[ niS pim[ C[.

aY<p&@PiY< an[ kimp&@PiY< krti> Fm<p&@PiY< an[ mi[xp&@PiY< alg p\kirni>

p&@PiY< C[. Fm<p&@PiY<mi> j[ kmi[< krvimi> aiv[ t[ skim pN hi[e Sk[ an[ (nOkim pN

hi[y Sk[.mi[xp&@PiY<ni tmim kmi[< (nOkim j hi[y C[ j[n&> ki[e b>Fn Yt&> nY).t[ni>

fLni[ srviLi[ Yyi kr[ C[ an[ t[ fLni[ kd) niS Yti[ nY).Fm<p&@PiY< Wiri aipN[

j[ fL p\i¼t kr)a[ t[ skim hi[y ti[ vh[l&> mi[D&> niS pim[ C[. ji[ a[ (nOkim km< hi[y ti[

t[ni Wiri p\i¼t Yt) si(_vkti an[ Fi(m<ktini[ kd) niS Yti[ nY).jyir[ (nOkim

Fm<p&@PiY< Wiri m[Lv[l) si(_vkti an[ Fi(m<ktini[ srviLi[ mi[Ti[ Ye jiy Ryir[

Bgvin aipNn[ mi[xp&@PiY<ni a(Fkir) bniv[ C[.t[ pC) aipN[ mi[xp&@PiY<n&>

aicrN krti> Ye jea[ C)a[.mi[xp&@PiY<n&> sÀyk` aicrN krviY) j ai s>sirni>

b>Fni[mi>Y) aipNi aiRmin) m&(kt Ye Sk[ C[.a[ r)t[ mi[x pimvi[ a[ mn&Oy Jvnn&>

u_im ¹y[y C[.

Birt)y s>AkZ(tmi> Fn gi]N an[ Fm< m&²y

mhiBirtmi> yx an[ y&(FOqrni[ s>vid aiv[ C[.t[mi> yx[ y&(FOqrn[ a[k a[vi[

p\Ån p*Cyi[ hti[ k[ “S&> n riKviY) miNs sv<(p\y,Si[kr(ht Fnvin an[ s&K) bn[

C[?” y&(FOqr[ a[ni[ srs utr ai¼yi[ C[.y&(FOqr kh[ C[ : “j[ miNs a(Bmin nY)

riKti[ a[ sv<(p\y bn[ C[, j[ k\i[F nY) riKti[ a[ Si[kr(ht bn[ C[,j[ tZONi nY)

riKti[ a[ Fnvin bn[ C[ an[ j[ li[B nY) riKti[ a[ s&K) bn[ C[.” aipN[ kdic

sv<(p\y an[ Si[kr(ht nh)> bnv&> hi[y pN bFi>n[ Fnvin an[ s&K) ti[ bnv&> j C[.

ti[ y&(FOqr[ kH& t[m aipN[ tZONi an[ li[B n riKvi ji[ea[. ti[ j aipN[ Fnvin

an[ s&K) bn) Sk)S&> ai jºm[ j[tli[ li[B an[ tZONi riK)n[ aipN[ Ki[Ti rAt[ Fn

B[g&> krvi mY)a[ C)a[ t[ bFi[ aivti jºm[ d&K) an[ d(rW bnvini[ p\yis C[ a[m

smjv&>>.ai bFi sRy (sÜi>ti[ C[ a[Tl[ j aipN) s>AkZ(t kd) s>g\hvid) nY)

bn).aipNn[ p\ir¾F$p[ Bgvin[ j[ ki>e ai¼y&> C[, t[TliY) s>ti[P riKvi[ ji[ea[.(vS[P

tZONi n riKv) ji[ea[.Bgvin j[ aip[ a[mi>Y) ki>e bc[ ti[ t[mi>Y) yYiS(kt din

kri[,li[B) bn) bFi Fnni[ s>g\h n kri[.SiA#i kh[ C[ k[ s>g\h krvi[ a[ mhipip

C[.a[n&> fL Bi[gvvi ti[ nrkmi> jv&> pD[.Bgvin[ g)timi> kH& C[ k[ nrkni> #iN Wir

C[, j[mi> kim k\i[F li[B ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[.a[Tl[ k[ kim an[ k\i[Fn) siY[ s>g\hvZ(t

aYi<t` li[B BL[ ti[ t[ni p(rNim[ nrkn) p\i(¼t Yiy C[.li[B (vP[ a[k kh[vt C[ k[

“a(t li[B t[ pipn&> m*L C[.” Bi](tk s>p(tn) tZONiY) j li[B uRpÒ Yiy C[. ai

jºm[ aipNimi> tZONi an[ li[B j[Tli> vFir[ hS[ t[Tli p\miNmi> aivti jºm[ aipNn[

d&K an[ d(rWti p\i¼t Yvini C[.aivti jºm[ d&K) an[ d(rW n bnv&> hi[y pr>t&

Fnvin bnv&> hi[y an[ s&K p\i¼t krv&> hi[t ti[ ai jºm[ aipN[ li[B an[ tZONin[

Ryjvi pDS[.(nli[<B) an[ (nApZh) bn)S&> ti[ Bgvin aipNn[ b)ji jºm[ j$r s&K

an[ Fn aipS[.ji[ a[ jºm[ aniyis p\ir¾F $p[ mL[li Fnni[ d&@pyi[g kr)S&> ti[

piCi q[rni q[r aiv)n[ UBi rh[vini.miT[ a[ni[ sd&pyi[g krvi[ ji[ea[ an[ t[mi>Y)

yYiS(kt din[y krv&> ji[ea[.ai (sÜi>t ApOT kr[ C[ k[ aipN) p\ic)n v](dk s>AkZ(t

kd) Bi[gvid) ht) j nh)>.a[mi> p]si[ gi]N an[ Fm< m&²y hti[.a[ Fm< a[Tl[ snitn

Fm<.Birt)y v](dk s>AkZ(tn&> hid< ai snitn Fm< C[.

snitn Fm<ni[ sir

snitn Fm< S)Kv[ C[ k[ minvJvnmi> mi#i Bi](tk pdiYi[<,p]si[,s&K sgvDi[

an[ (vPy Bi[gi[ j mhRvni> nY), t[Y) (vS[P agRyti aiRmin[ p\ikZ(tk jD WÄyi[ni>

b>Fnmi>Y) m&kt krvin) C[. b>Fnm&kt aiRmin) an&B*(t Yv) a[ mi[xn) (AY(t

C[.p\Ry[k mn&Oyn&> svi[<µc Jvn¹y[y aiv) mi[xp\i(¼tn&> hi[v&> ji[ea[.snitn Fm< aniRm

pdiYi[<ni b>Fnmi>Y) C*Tvi miT[ k[Tli>k upiyi[ pN s*cv[ C[ j[ ai p\miN[ C[ :

{1} bFi p\kirn) ais(ktai[Y) d*r rh[v&>

{2} tmim p\kirn) lilsiai[n[ Ryjv)

{3} sm\g minvjit a[k k&T&>b C[ a[v) Bivni k[Lvv) an[ s>k&(ct mnn[ mi[T&>

bnivv&.

{4} AviY)<pNini[ Ryig kr) (nAviY<Biv k[Lvvi mYv&>

{5} g\ZhAY Jvnn) jvibdir)ai[ (nBivvin) siY[ ai¹yi(Rmk k9yiN siFvi bibt

pN rs l[vi[.

{6} Jvnmi> yi[³y smy[ gZhJvnn) jvibdir) smi¼t kr)n[ gZ\hRyig krvi[ aYi<t`

vinp\AYi~m) bnv&> j[Y) p*ri[ smy ai¹yi(Rmk siFni miT[ aip) Skiy.snitn Fm<

an[ Birt)y v](dk s>AkZ(tni[ ai sir aYvi ak< C[.

aiv) aipN) snitn Fi(m<k-ai¹yi(Rmk s>AkZ(tn&> ji[ vt<minmi> p&n@RYin

krv&> hi[y ti[ aipN[ bFia[ minv Jvnni> sGLi> pisi> smjvi> pDS[.a[Tl&> j nh)>

pN aipN&> Jvn pN aipN[ ai s>AkZ(tni (sÜi>ti[n[ an&$p bnivv&> pDS[. jyi> s&F)

aipN[ ai s>AkZ(tni (sÜi>tn&> mhRv bribr smJn[ a[ p\miN[ aicrN n kr)a[ Ryi>

s&F) aipN[ b)jin[ n smjiv) Sk)a[ k[ tm[ pN ai (sÜi>ti[ apnivi[ an[ Jvnmi>

utiri[.ai s>AkZ(tn[ mi#i aipN[ j smJa[ an[ t[n) ~[Oqti (vS[ ji[ aipN[

b)jiai[n[ n jNiv)a[ ti[ a[n&> p&n@RYin S) r)t[ Yiy? tm[ ai vit vi>c) ti[ q)k C[

hv[ a[n[ bribr smji[,pcivi[ an[ a[n&> Jvnmi> aicrN kri[.f*l nh) ti[ f*ln)

pi>KD) a[vi[ Yi[Di[k p&@PiY< aipN[ pN kr)a[ ti[ a[ aipN&> (nOkim Fm<km<

gNiS[.aipN) s>AkZ(tni p&n@RYin miT[ h&> (n(mt bn)n[ p&@PiY< k@> C&>. tm[ pN

(n(mt bn)n[ ai kiy< kri[ ti[ j$r Bgvin a[n&> p(rNim livS[.p(rNim aiv[ C[ k[

nh)> t[n) (c>ti mir[ k[ tmir[ krvin) nY). kirN k[ aipNi p&@PiY<n&> p(rNim

Bgvinni hiYmi> C[. aipN[ kr[l&> ki[epN km< kd) (nOfL jt&> nY). p(rNim kdic

aipN) hijr)mi> n aiv[ t[Y) S&> ? aipN[ fLn) aiSi ri²yi (vni (nOkimBiv[ kiy<

krvin&> C[.aipN[ j[ ki>e kiy< k[ p\yis kyi[< hS[ t[n&> fL vh[l&> k[ mi[D&> pN avÆy

aivS[.a[Tl[ aipN[ ti[ S&Ü BivY) p\yis krvini[ C[.h&> km<n) Y)yr)mi> min&> C&>.

km<ni[ (sÜi>t a[m kh[ C[ k[ ji[ aipN[ S&B bivniY) ai miT[ p&@PiY< kr)S&> ti[ a[n&>

p(rNim avÆy aivS[.ji[ aipN[ sici rAt[ an[ sir) r)t[ p&@PiY< kyi[< hS[ ti[ a[n&>

p(rNim si@> j aivS[.T*>kmi> (nOkimBiv[ (n(mt bn)n[ s>AkZ(tni p&n@Yinni kiy<mi>

lig) jv&> a[ aipNi si]n) p(v#i frj C[. prm kZpiL& prmiRmi aipNn[ si]n[ a[ p(v#i

frj (nBivvin) S(kt an[ (nOqi ap[< a[ j a¿yY<ni.

’’’’

snitn Fm< an[ (hºd&Rv a[ Birt)y s>AkZ(tn) p\iNS(kt C[.

vt<min B\imk (AY(tmi> smg\ (vVmi> a[v) a[k FirNi bnt) jiy C[ k[ p\AYi(pt Fmi[<

(sviy pN a[k Äyipk ai¹yi(Rmk Fm<n) aivÆykti C[.pr>t& ai bibt k[ nvi

ai¹yi(Rmk Fm<n) j$r nY) kirN k[ p\ic)n (hºd& Fm< {j[ snitnFm<ni nim[

ai[LKiy C[} a[ j ai¹yi(Rmk Fm<n) m*LB&t k9pni C[. ti[ pC) nvi Fm<n)

aivÆykti S) C[. stp>Y a[ j snitn p\ic)n (hºd& Fm< C[.

Avim) (vv[kin>d[ pN kH&> ht&> k[ T*>k smymi> aivnir mhip\vih snitn Fm<mi> smiy[l)

ai¹yi(Rmk bF) aS&(Üai[ Fi[e niKS[.(hºd& Fm< g\>Yi[ k[ p\vcni[mi> j sm[Tie jti[

nY).ai ti[ aidS< Jvn mig< C[.j[ni pr p\Ry[k (hºd& snitn Fm<p\[m) a[ (vcirvin&>

C[.tm[ (hºd& kh[vDivvi liyk Ryir[ j bn) Ski[ jyir[ ai (hºd& nim si>BLti j

tmir) rkt vi(hn)ai[mi> (vFZt – tr>gi[ di[Dvi lig[.tm[ (hºd& kh[vDivvi liyk Ryir[

j bn) Ski[ jyir[ ai nimn[ FirN krnir p\Ry[k Äy(kt Bl[ pC) a[ ki[epN d[Sni[

hi[y,a[ tmir) BiPi bi[lti[ hi[y k[ aºy BiPi bi[lti[ hi[y,vL) p\Ym m&likitmi> j

a[ tmiri[ sgiY) pN sgi[ tYi (p\yY) pN (p\y bn) jiy an[ tm[ a[ni miT[ sv<Av

shn krvi Ryir[ j tRpr bnSi[.ai Bivni j aipN) p\iNS(kt C[.t[n) p&OTti k[

x)Nti pr aipN) a(Amtin&> a(AtRv (nB<r C[.dr[k d[Sn) pi[tin) a[k (vS[Pti hi[y

C[.j[n) siY[ t[n&> a(AtRv ji[Diy[l&> hi[y C[.t[ pN a[k p\kir[ t[n) p\iNS(kt C[ .a[ j

r)t[ Birtn) a[k (vS[Pti C[. t[n) p\iNS(kt C[ t[n&> (hºd&Rv. t[ C[ t[ni[ Jvn(vPyk

W(OTki[N,t[n) s>AkZ(t,(hºd&Rvni[ Biv.(hºd& hi[vin) Bivni.(hºd& S¾dni[ aY<

smjviY) j t[ni Biv ¹yinmi> aivS[.

Birtni p\ic)n si(hRymi> (hºd& S¾dni[ u9l[K nY), ti[ Birtn) ai[LK k[v)

r)t[ hi[e Sk[ a[ a[k p\Ån C[.pr>t& ä³v[dmi> aiqmi,ci[v)smi t[mj sRyiv)smi>

m>DLmi> s¼t(s>F&ni[ u9l[K C[. “s” ni[ “h” uµcir Yvini> GNi udihrNi[ C[ t[Y)

s¼t(s>F&ni[ h¼t (h>d& Yyi[ {s¼tihn&> h¼ti p\c(lt C[.} viyÄy mig[<Y) aivnir bFi

p\vis)ai[ ai nimni[ p\yi[g krti> rHyi,ai[Cimi> ai[C) gt b[ shA#ii¾d)ai[Y) vFir[

smyY) aipN) ai ai[LKiN bn).t[n) siY[ aipNi s&K d&K k[ hir Jtn) xNi[

ji[Diy[l) C[. g&N an[ Äy(ktRv pN ji[Diy[li> C[.~) rimn&> nim l[ti> j j[m Fn&OyFir)

Äy(kt,t[ni g&Ni[n) siY[ aipN) ai>Ki[ sim[ sikir Yiy C[.t[v) j r)t[ (hºd&ni>

lxNi[mi> v(N<t (v(SOT minv)y g&N “(hºd&” S¾dn&> uµcirN Yti> j aipN) sim[

aiv[ C[ an[ ApOT Ye jiy C[. k[ ai p*jip¹F(t k[ upisnip¹F(tn&> p\(tk nY).(hºd&

S¾dn) siY[ kyi kyi g&N ji[Diy[li> C[ t[ (vAtirY) ji[ti> mnmi> rh[li[ B\m d*r

YS[.ai B\m d*r Yvi[ K*b j aivÆyk C[. kirN k[ ai[LKvimi> B\mNi a[Tl[

an[k(vF s>kTi[n[ aim>#iN.(vVni bFi j Fmi[<ni> {j[ viAtvmi> t[ s>p\diy C[ Fm<

n(h} nim t[mni s>AYipki[ni> nim siY[ ji[Diy[li C[.(hºd& Fm<mi> a[v&> nY).t[ tRvprk

C[.Äy(ktk[(ºWt nY). t[ j t[n) (vS[Pti C[. t[ni> ki[e s>AYipk nY) t[n) AYipnin)

ki[e (t(Y Xit nY).ki[e a[k g\>Y k[ a[kmi#i p*jip¹F(t pN nY). Fm< S¾dmiT[ aºy

BiPiai[mi> yi[³y pyi<y nY) t[Y) “(r(ljn” a[vi[ an&vid krvimi> aiÄyi[ C[.

viAtvmi> ti[ t[ s>p\diy vick C[.s>p\diyni[ s>b>F p*jip¹F(t siY[ C[.a[k j s>AYipk k[

p\[(Pt {pyg>br} a[k j g\>Y,a[k j upisni p¹F(tni[ mi#i aig\h rhyi[ C[.t[mni

Jvnni[ aiFir Bi](tkti C[ jyir[ aipNi Jvnni[ aiFir ai¹yi(Rmkti C[.Fm<ni[

aY< kt<Äy C[.an[ a[ udit Jvnm*9yi[ siY[ s>kLiy[l C[.mn&AmZ(tmi> Fm<ni 10

lxNi[ btiÄyi> C[. Fm<ni> ds lxNi C[ F]y<, xmi, s>ym, ci[r) n krv), p(v#iti,

e(ºWy(ng\h, b&(Ü, Xin, k\i[Fm&kti.ai bFi aicrNi[ Jvnm*9yi[ siY[ s>b>(Ft

C[.~[Oq udit Jvnni[ aiFir C[.t[Y) t[ snitn {kiym} C[.j[mk[ ai bFi lxNi[

aipN) stp>Y s>p\diyn) (Sxip#i)mi> pN aiv) jiy C[.ki[epN d[vtin[ kr[li p\Nim

a[k j EVrn[ phi[>c[ C[.ai sv< smiv[Skti (hºd&Rvn) (vS[Pti C[. j[mk[ aipNi[

sv<d[v ä(Pvri[n[ nmAkir krvini[ m>#i ai j bibt s*cv[ C[

s(hON&ti,udirti,(v(vFtimi> a[kti a[ (hºd&Rvn) (vS[Pti C[.aipNi Fm<n&> tRvXin

~[Oq C[.tmiri[ Fm< pN ~[Oq C[ a[ s(hON&ti C[. an[ jyir[ amiri Fm<n&> tRvXin j

~[Oq C[ an[ t[n[ n minnirin[ Jvvini[ a(Fkir nY) a[v) miºyti as(hON&ti

C[.aipN) s(hON&tin[ kirN[ aipN) B*(m s[>kDi[n&> ai~yAYin bn) C[ EAlim k[

Esieytni aRyiciri[Y) p)(Dt Yen[ AvFm<n&> rxN krvi miT[ pirs) an[ yh&d)

smijni li[ki[a[ ah)> ai~y l)Fi[. ah)>ni Jvnmi> d*Fmi> sikrn) j[m BL)

gyi.Ezriy[ln&> (nmi<N Yti> Birtmi>Y) Ryi> jt) vKt[ yh&d)ai[a[ ApOT S¾di[mi> l²y&>

C[ k[ k[vL Birtmi> j t[ai[ sÀminY) rh) Skyi.(hºd& pirs) k[ (hºd& yh*d)ai[ni>

s>GP<n&> a[k pN udihrN nY).(hºd& s(hON& n hi[y ti[ 1947 mi> d[S (vBijn pC)

(bn(hºd& ah)> s&K Si>(tY) n rh) Skyi[ hi[t.(hºd& S¾dni> Yi[Di>k lxN a#it#i mL[

C[ j[mk[ nOT krviviL&>,tp siFniY) pipi[n[ nOT krnir,(h>siY) d&K) Ynir,d&OT an[

d&OTtin[ (mTivnir,pi[tini AviY< miT[ b)jin[ kOT aipv&> an[ t[n) v[dni ji[e ain>d

miNvi[ a[vi[ ah)> (h>sini[ Yiy C[. ti[ aiv) (h>siY) (hºd& d&K) Yiy C[.(hºd&Rv a[Tl[

sd`(vcir,sdicir,sd`Bivni t[mi> aDcN UB) krnir d&OT,t[n) vZ(t d&OTti,d&OTtin&>

(nm*<ln an[ sjjntin&> s>rxN smij AviA¸y miT[ aiÆyk C[.s>p*N< (vVmi>

ySAv),smZ(Ü Jvnni tRvXinni $p[ miºy ~)md`Bgvd` g)timi> pN ~)kZON pi[tini[

Jvnud[Æy,sjjn s>rxN,d&OTti (nm*<ln t[mj minv)y Jvnm*9yi[n) p\(tOqi

hi[vini[ ud`Gi[P kr[ C[.a[n&> p(rciyk (hºd&Rv pN d]v) Bivni an[ kiy< C[.dr[k

(nmi<Nmi> EVr tRvn[ ji[vin[ kirN[ aipN[ dr[kn&> sºmin kr)a[

C)a[.pS&,px),pv<t,nd),p¸Yr hi[y k[ ziD j[v) vAt&n[ nm)n[ p\Nim kr)a[ C)a[.ai

tRvn[ aipN[ B*lv&> n ji[ea[.

ki[epN s&Firi[ slih s*cn j*ni> C[ k[ nvi> C[ t[ni pr t[ni[ Av)kir k[

aAv)kir (nB<r hi[ti[ nY).smij(htn) W(OTa[ p(r(AY(t siY[ s&s>gt,AYiy) m*9yi[

slimt riK)n[ nvi> p(rvt<nni[ Av)kir krvin) min(sktin[ kirN[ Jvn(c>tnni[

p\vih avri[Fiyi[ nY).aij C[ (hºd&Rvn) (vS[Pti,Cti> pN (hºd&n[ p&riNp>Y) kh)n[

B\m p[di krivie rhyi[ C[. (hºd&Rv (hºd&AYinn) p\iNr[Ki hi[vin[ kirN[ t[ nOT Yiy

a[ni[ aY< (hºd&AYinn&> a(AtRv Bymi> m*kv&>.(hºd&Rv k[ (hºd&Fm<ni ki[e s>AYipk nY)

k[ t[n&> piln krvi miT[n) ki[e kÍr (nymi[n) yid) nY).(hºd&Rv Jvvin) an[

s>AkZ(tn) a[k r)t C[. smAt p\iN)ai[ miT[ k9yiNkir) C[ tYi b\>MiDni smAt cr

acrn) Blie miT[ sd]v p\yRnS)l rh[ C[ (v(vFtimi> a[kti p\AYi(pt krnir (nv]<r

vZ(tn&> p\i[Rsihn (hºd& Fm<mi> C[.(hºd&Rv Birtn&> m*L C[.t[n&> j[m j[m g>B)rtip*v<k

(c>tn krti jeS&> t[m t[m t[n&> vFir[ s&ÈmXin YS[,t[n&> mhRv ¹yinmi> aivS[

Birtmi>Y) (hºd&Rvni> m*L uKD) jS[ ti[ a[k ~[Oq Jvn p¹F(tni aidS<Y) (vV

v>(ct bn) jS[.(hºd&Rv ah)>n) rg[rgmi> vs[l&> C[. an[ a[ j t[n) (ny(t C[.(hºd&

(vcirFiria[ j aipNn[ S)KÄy&> C[ k[ mitin&> AYin Jvnmi> sv< ~[Oq C[.miti a[Tl[

pi[PN S(kt! Jyi> jyi>Y) aipN&> pi[PN Yiy C[ pC) a[ Sir)(rk hi[y,min(sk hi[y k[

bi](Ük,ai¹yi(Rmk t[n[ aipN[ miti smin j min)a[ C)a[.mi j min)a[ C)a[.pZ¸v)

mir) mi C[ h&> t[ni[ p&#i C&> a[ s>AkirY) pi[(Pt (hºd& miT[ Frt) a[k (nJ<v B*K>D mi#i

nY) pN t[ Jvºt p\iNvin mi bn) C[. g>gijL k[vL jLmi#i n(h t)Y<jL

bºy&>.giy cir pgviL&> d*F aipnir&> p\iN) mi#i n(h pr>t& gi[miti bn).g)ti k[vL

a[k sir&> p&Atk mi#i nh)> g)timiti bn).Ryir[ t[ni p\Ry[ An[h~¹Fini[,pi[t)kipNini[

Biv ji³yi[,p\iNp\NY) ai sv[<n&> s>rxN krvin) p\[rNi jig) a[ j aipNi Jvnn&>

aiFirB*t tRv bºy&>.aipN[ bFi a[k mitini> s>tin ai Bivnia[ aipN&>

min(sk,BivniRmk a>tr smi¼t ky&<.aipNn[ si]n[ a[kqi bi>F) ri²yi,aYi<t`

aipN) s>AkZ(tni r[Sm) t>t&a[ d[Sn[ a[k ri²yi[ C[.(hºd&Rv mi#i upisni p¹F(tmi> j

jkDiy[li[ nY) k[ a[mi> kÍrtin[ pN ki[e AYin nY).sici[ (hºd& ani(d sRymi> (vVis

kr[ C[.t[n[ ki[epN p\i¼t krvini[ p\yRn kr) Sk[ C[.(hºd& SiA#ii[n) W(OTa[ abi[F hi[y

ti[ pN. t[Y) a[k sici[ esie k[ m&(Alm k[ yh&d) pi[t[ pN a[k sici[ (hºd& hS[.ah)>

kyi>y pN jbrdAt) k[ Av[µCia[ pN Fm< p(rvt<nn) vit j nY).kirN dr[kn[ pi[t

pi[tini[ Fm< aYi<t` minv)y kt<Äyi[n&> si(Rvk piln krv&> a[ j (hºd&Rv C[. k[Tlik

esie (vÜini[ ai~mmi> Yi[Di (dvs rHi.Ryi>n&> vitivrN a[Tl[ sixit` (hºd&

Jvnp¹F(tn) a(BÄykt) ! t[niY) p\Bi(vt Ye t[mN[ ai~mni> mhirijn[ mL) (hºd&

Fm< Av)kirvin) pi[tin) eµCi p\gT kr).Ryir[ p*jypid Avim) mhirij[ kH& k[ a[v)

ki[e aivÆykti nY).(hºd& hi[v&> a[Tl[ (hºd& Jvnm*9yi[n[ (nRy aicrNmi>

livvi>...an[ a[j tm[ kr) rHi Ci[.aiY) Es&n) p\imi(Nkti p*v<k p*ji krti hi[vi

Cti>y tm[ (hºd& Ci[. (hºd& esien) k9pni a[Tli miT[ s>Bv C[ k[ tm[ p*ji ki[en) pN

kri[ aicrN minv) Jvnm*9yi[n&> aYi<t` (hºd&Rvn[ aiFir[ kri[ k[vL jºmY) j nh)>

mnY),km<Y) (hºd& hi[v&> a[ mhRvp*N< C[.p\Ry[k Fm<ni[ (noqivin upisk kyir[k ti[

snitn tRvmi> avÆy aiv)n[ BLS[.t[Y) bFi Fmi[< vµc[ni[ s>GP< (mTivi[ a[ j

a[kmi#i Fm< C[.prk)y Fmi<vl>b) kif)r C[ an[ t[mni[ (SrµC[d krvimi> aiv[ a[

p\kirni[ Uºmid (hºd& Fm<mi> kyir[y p[di Yyi[ nY).kyir[y YS[ pN nh)>.(hºd&n) #iN

~[N)ai[ C[.

{1} j[N[ (hºd& k&Lmi> jºm len[ pN j[n[ (hºd& (vcirFiri a>t:krN p*v<k miºy C[ t[

“jºmjit (hºd&”

{2} (bn(hºd& k&Lmi> jºm len[ pN j[n[ (hºd& (vcirFiri a>t:krN p*v<k miºy C[ t[

“d)xi (hºd&”

{3} j[n[ v[d p&riN k[ t[n[ an&k*L s>p\diy miºy C[ an[ j[N[ pr>prigt (hºd& udrY)

jºm l)Fi[ C[ t[ “uBy (hºd&”

uBy (hºd& si]Y) ~[Oq C[ pr>t& a[vi uByiY< n hi[y ti[ p*jn)ytin) W(OTY)

“d)xi (hºd&”n[ ~[Oq mniy C[.s>p*N< (vVn[ a[k k&T&>b minv&> an[ t[n[ s&s>Aki(rt

krvini[ s>k9p krvi[ a[ (hºd& smijn) a[k AvBivgt (vS[Pti C[.p\vis miT[ni> a(t

jld siFni[ tYi vt<min d*rs>cir ÄyvAYin[ kirN[ (kli[m)Trn&> a>tr GN&> ai[C&> Ye

gy&> C[.Cti> k&T&>ÀbBivnimi> (nr>tr aivnir uNp (c>tini[ (vPy bºyi[ C[.k&T&>Àb a[Tl[

prApr An[h,s[vi,sim>jAy slimt)n) Bivnini[ sm&(ct (vkis.a[ h[t&> miT[

s&s>Aki(rti a[k Äy(ktn) nh)>, a[k p(rvirn) nh)>,s>p*N< (vVn) s&s>Aki(rti.p\ir>B

Bl[ a[k Äy(ktY) Yiy,a>(tm crN ti[ (vV hS[.(hºd&Rvn) ai (vS[Pti smjv),t[ni

p\Ry[ gi]rvn) Bivni (nmi<N kr) Biv) p[Q)mi> s>k\(mt krv) a[ a(tSy mhRvp*N<

jvibdir) (nBivv) a[j (hºd&ai[n&> Jvn kiy< C[.aij[ hJ aipN[ (vV e(thismi>

s>k\i(ºtkiLmi>Y) psir Ye rHi C)a[,pN a[Tl&> ti[ ApOT Ye j c&ky&> C[ k[

minvji(tni aiRmGitn[ ri[kvi[ hi[y ti[,p(ámY) S$ Yy[li p\krNni[ a>t Birt)y j

hi[vi[ ji[ea[,vt<min y&gmi> (vV pi(ámiRy T[kni[li[Jni Bi](tk aiFir[ a[k bºy&> C[.

pr>t& p(ámni> ai ki]S9y[ mi#i a>tr j (mTiÄy&> nY) pN t[N[ jgtn) p\jiai[n[

(v¹v>sk S(kt Frivti> SA#ii[Y) pN sjj kr) C[, an[ t[ pN a[vi smy[ jyir[ ai

p\jiai[ hJ a[kb)jin[ ai[LK[ k[ An[hBiv p\gTivvin[ bdl[ aimn[ simn[ aiv) ge

C[, minv e(thisn) ai a(t ji[Km) xN[ aipNi u¹Firni[ a[k mi#i aiFir Birt)y

Jvn p¹F(t C[. aij[ (vV sim[ j[ pDkiri[ C[ t[mi> Äy(OTni[ sm(OT siY[ s>b>F t*T)

gyi[ C[.t[Y) j Äy(kt Äy(ktni ai>t(rk t>t& (vKrie gyi C[.pi[tin&> s&K d&K

vh[>cvin) s>Bivni ai[C) Ye jti> ti[ dr[k Äy(kt a[kb)jin) sim[ aiv)

ge.Birt)y ai¹yiRmmi> sv< b\M C[.j[ a(AtRvmin C[ t[ b\M C[.a[v) Bivni ØQ

C[.bFi b\M$p hi[y ti[ ki[N ki[ni a(AtRv miT[ s>GP< krS[? h&> sZ(OTn&> a>g C&> a[

(vcir mnmi> aivti> s>p*N< sZ(OT siY[ aipNi[ BivniRmk s>b>F (nmi<N Yiy C[. ai

a>gig) Bivn[ kirN[ mn&Oyni Äyvhirmi> p(rvt<n Yiy C[.a[k a>gn&> AviAYy b)ji

a>gni AviAYy pr (nB<r hi[y C[.mmRvn) Bivnin[ kirN[ Avy> kmiv&> an[ b)jin[

KvDivv&> a[ j s>AkZ(t bn) jiy C[.j[ kmiS[ a[ j KiS[n) (vkZ(t nOT Yiy C[.s>p*N<

sZ(OTmi> a[k j c]tºy (brijmin C[ a[ an&B*(t Si[PNn) vZ(tn[ nOT kr[ C[.Äy(ktgt

a(Fkirn) Bivni l&¼t Ye,kt<Äyn) Bivni p\bL Yiy C[.kt<Äyp*(t<mi> j

a(Fkirp*(t< Yyini[ an&Bv mn&Oyni Jvnn[ a[k utm a(FOqin aip[ C[. ai j C[.

(hºd&Rvn&> mni[rm dS<n an[ ai j C[ (hºd&n&> snitn (c>tn.p>Y)y b)jn) ksi[T)ai[

(hºd&Fm<n[ lig& pDS[ nh).(hºd&Rvni[ ki[e pN s>k)N< aY< smjvi[ aivÆyk nY) a[ ti[

Birt)y li[ki[n) JvnS]l) C[.(hºd&Rvni[ p\yi[g ki[e aºy ji(tp>Y p\Ry[ aik\mk Biv

k[ v[rBiv k[ as(hON&tini[ nY).aiY) ApOT Yiy C[ k[ aºy Bi](tkvid) p>Yi[n)

smkx (hºd&Rvn[ m*kv&> ºyiy s>gt nY).sv<smiv[Sk Bi](tkti an[ ai¹yiRmni[

smºvy siFnir Äyipk sim>jAyn[ p\[rNi aipnir ÄyvAYi j (hºd&Rv C[.a[ j

aipNi[ aiRmi C[.ai¹yiRmn&> pN sic&> Xin n hi[vin[ kirN[ smijJvnY)

a(l¼t,(nOk\)y udis)n a[vi[ aY< krvimi> aiv[ C[.pr>t& j[niY) Bi](tk ai¹yi(Rmk

p\g(t si¹y bn[ C[ a[ Fm< C[.sZ(OT(ht (vVk9yiN a[ aipNi[ ud[`Æy C[ t[ni[ mig< hv[

aiF&(nk (vXin pN Si[Fvi li³y&> C[.t[n[ Birt)y Fm<n) avFirNi vir>vir aik(P<t

kr) rh) C[.Birtni ai¹yiRm(vd` y&ri[p j[vi d[Smi> pN p\(tOqi p\i¼t kr) rHi

C[.(vXinn[ rijstin&> g&lim bniv) riKvin) minv(ht (vri[F) vZ(tni kirN[ v]Xi(nk

(vm&K Yvi li³yi.v]Xi(nk ÄyvAYi,(s¹Fi>t Frivvini[ divi[ krnir (vfL siÀyvidY)

d&(nyini[ mi[hB>g Ye c*kyi[ C[. j[ p*>Jvidn) p\(t(k\yimi> t[ni[ jºm Yyi[ C[ t[ p\(tpx

p*>Jvid pN hv[ t*Tvini air[ C[.sZ(OTn) smrstini

S]x(Nk,simi(jk,rijn](tk,ai(Y<k,airi[(³yk ÄyvAYini[ a[kiRm p&n(v<cir krvini[

smy aiÄyi[ C[.aini[ aiFir pN a[ j Fm< hi[e Sk[ j[ Birt)y SiA#ii[ an[ siFki[a[

giyi[ an[ c(rtiY< kyi[<.(vXinn) ksi[T) pr Kri[ Utr[ a[Tl&> j n(h pr>t&> (vXinn[

pi[tin) ksi[T) pr ksniri[ ai Fm< j (hºd&Rvn) aicir s>(htini[ m*L aiFir C[; an[

aipN[ (vVisp*v<k kh) Sk)a[ C)a[ k[ (hºd&Rv aigim) y&gni v](Vk svili[ni[

a[kmi#i u_ir bn) rh[vin&> C[.aipN[ bFi (hºd& miT[ g>B)rtip&v<k (vcir)a[ an[

aipNi ÄyvhirY) t[n[ S(ktp\din kr)a[.aipNi bFi mn)(Pyi[n&> Av¼n “sv[<D(p

s&(Kn: sºt& ...” sikir kr)a[ an[ bFi aix[pi[ni[ sci[T u_ir aip)a[.vt<min

y>#ip\Fin,g(tp\Fin Jvnmi> (hºd&Rvn[ p&OT krniri[ (vcir Äyvhir k[v) r)t[ Ye Sk[

t[vi[ a[k p\â Yiy C[.

ti[ aipNi d](nkJvnmi> p\it:kiLY) len[ ri(#i s&F),B* mitin[

p\Nim,mhip&$Pi[n&> AmrN,Bi[jnm>#i,biHkxY) le a>drni ai[rDi s&F)n&> s&Si[Bn

(c#i vg[r[ Grmi> aivnir si(hRy,prApr s>vid,pi(rvi(rk simi(jk v\t pvi[<mi> Grni>

biLki[,y&vki[n) p\Ryx Big)dir),t[mn) simi(jk v]Xi(nk pZOqB*(m,vt<min s>dB<n)

jiNkir) an[ pi(rvi(rk Bivniai[n) S(ktni aiFir pr aipN[ an[k p\kirni

ani]pci(rk s>Akir aip) Sk)a[ C)a[.t[Y) j (hºd&Rvni m*LB*t tRvi[n) t¸yp*N<

jiNkir) dr[k x[#ini mi[Ti li[ki[n[ hi[v) pN j$r) C[. t[Y) Gr,(vwily,simi(jk

s>AYiai[a[ ai pi[tin) j jvibdir) min),smy(nyi[jn kr)n[ (hºd&Rvn) Bivni an[

Äyvhirn[ p&OT krvi[ ji[ea[.a[k (vVis mnmi> riK)a[ k[,ai v](Vk JvnFiriY) j

minvJvn pivn YS[...v>d[mitrm`...

Fm< p&$P an[ aijni> Fm< p\cirkn) B[dr[Ki

{stp>Y}

stp>Ya[ mi#i a[k Fm<-s>p\diy j nY) t[ a[k (vcirsrN) C[,JvnS]l) C[.a[Tl[ j

a[ ki[e myi>(dt jnsm&diy p*rt) myi<(dt nY).sd`g&$ tYi s[>kDi[ Fm<p&$Pi[ni

(vcirm>Yni[n&> p\(t(b>b a[Tl[ stp>Y Fm< {sRy miT[n) frj} a[ jD nY) Jv>t

C[.pi[tini siVt m*9yi[n[ sicv) smy[ smy[ anivÆyk m*9yi[ d*r Yiy C[,ti[ nvi

m*9yi[ Jliy C[.aipNi Fm<p&$Pi[ a9p(S(xt,mh[nt& tYi d*r d*r gimDiai[mi> rh[ti

hi[vi Cti> t[mn&> (c>tn minvsmijni (htmi> ht&>.ai (c>tki[n&> JvndS<n smg\

p\iN)mi#ini k9yiN miT[ ht&> a[mn[ mn ki[e B[dBiv n hti.viDiviD) n hti.simiºy

r)t[ d&(nyini mi[Ti Bigni mhip&$Pi[ aij r)t[ (vcirti hi[y C[.”Fm<”n&> l[bl

piCLY) lgivit&> hi[y C[.pi[tin[ liB Yiy an[ aºy Fm<n&> Bl& n Yiy t[v&> ki[epN

mhip&$Pi[ (vcirti j n hi[y.pr>t& t[mini pC) Fm< p\cirki[ sk\)y Yti hi[y C[.t[mn[

mn Fm<n) mhinti mit[ (vSiL jnsm&diyn) p&rAkZ(t j$r) C[.Fm<n) mhinti Fm<ni

(s¹Fi>ti[n[ bdl[ t[mi> ji[Dinirn) s>²yi Wiri j n±k) Yt) hi[y C[.aiv) g[rsmji[n[

kirN[ j p\Ym viDiviD) an[ Ryirbid s>GPi[< Yti hi[y C[.aivi s>ji[gi[mi> Fm<ni m*9yi[

tYi mhip&$Pi[ni vcni[ kyi>y dbie jti hi[y C[.

vt<min smymi> Fm<p\cirki[ pi[tin) vitni smY<nmi> miek s)ATmi[ hi[vi Cti>

uÆk[riy[l) m&Wiai[ s(ht Fi>Ti piDti> ji[vi mL[ C[ jyir[ mhip&$Pi[ni S¾di[ j[ t[ vKt[

miek n hi[vi Cti> kri[Di[ni h]yimi> z)liy C[ an[ aij[ pN m>#i bn) li[kh]y[

scviy[li ji[vi mL[ C[.t[ S¾di[n) tikit ht).aijni k[tlik Fm<p\cirki[ asrkirk

an[ j&Asidir BiPN kyi<ni k]fmi> p\[mni[ s>d[Si[ aipnir Fm<p&$Pi[n&> vN<n krvimi>

vimNi ligti hi[y C[.t[mn) ai S]l)mi> sfLti ji[nir hiJ hi krnir an&yiy)ai[

a[Tl) hd[ Fm<p\cirki[n) K&Simt kr[ C[ k[ Fm<s>AYi k[ m*L p&$Pi[ j B*liy jti hi[y

C[.Fm<p&$Pi[n& AYin Fm<p\cirki[ le l[ti> hi[y C[.smijn[ (nB<ytini[ s>d[Si[ aipnirni

nim[ an&yiy)ai[n[ ByB)t bnivviY) a[ mhin aiRmin[ k[Tli[ r>j Yti[ hS[ t[

(vcirvin) aivi Fm<p\cirki[n[ f&rsd j hi[t) nY).t[ai[ pi[t[ j sdg&$-m*L p&$Pi[ni

m*L S¾di[ni[ sici[ aY<,mh)mi j smjti nY) hi[ti t[ai[ ti[ fkt viDiviD)ni p\cirk

j bn) rh[ C[.m*L Fm< siY[ t[mn[ ai[Ci[ s>bF hi[y C[.p\cir a[ k]iSl C[.k[Lviy[l)

S(kt C[ t[mi> fkt Äy(ktgt (vkis an[ viN) (vlisn&> j mhRv hi[y C[.j[n) asr

minvm[dn) upr Yt) hi[y C[.j[niY) Fm<,piCL rh) jiy C[ an[ k]iSl aigL n)kL)

jiy C[.p\cirki[ni[ m(hmi vFti[ jiy an[ Fm< p\cirki[ Fm<p&$Pi[n) j³yi l[vi lig[ C[

an[ jit[ p*jivi lig[ C[.t[mn) viN)n) asrkirkti t[mn[ ai AYin[ phi[>ciD[

C[.m*Lp&$P tYi m*LviN) (vsriy jiy C[.

Fm< p&$Pi[n&> m>tÄy ht&> k[ pi[t[ B*liy jiy ti[ cilS[ pr>t& sici S¾di[ jgtmi>Y)

B&sivi n ji[ea[.aivi Fm<p&$Pi[ni vcni[ WÖi>t p\(tkiRmk tYi j[ t[ smyni s>dB[<

kh[viy[li p\(tk$p hti an[ ai p\(tkmi> S(kt hi[y C[ j[ t[n[ (crkiL s&F) Tkiv)

riKt) hi[y C[.jyir[ aijni Fm<p\cirki[ ai p\(tkn[ smjvin&> TiLti hi[y C[.an[

mi#i S¾di[n[ pkD) riK[ C[. “pipi[ krnirni aiRmia[ m&Ry& pC) p)Di Bi[gvv) pDS[” t[

bnivvi piCLni[ aiSy Jvn s&ci$ r)t[ Jvvini[ s>d[S C[,smjN C[ JvnW(OT

C[.ai (vciri[n[ Byivh vN<ni[ Wiri simiºy mn&Oyn[ ByB)t krvin) j³yia[ k&SL

p\cirk[ sicv)n[ aiF&(nk s>dBi[<mi> t[n&> aY<FTn krv&> ji[ea[ t[n) j³yia[ di[ri-

Figin&> mhRv vFt&> jiy C[.

(vXin an[ v]Xi(nk (vcirsrN) Fm< (vri[F) nY).a[ smg\ p\iN)mi#ini

k9yiN miT[ C[.(vXin a[ Fm< C[. an[ v]Xi(nki[ vt<min smyni Fm<p&$Pi[ C[. pr>t&

vt<min smymi> j[v&> mhip&$Pni S¾di[n&> Yy&> C[ t[v&> v]Xi(nk s>Si[Fni[n&> Yy&> C[.aN&>

s>Si[Fnmi>Y) (vjL) uRpÒ Yvin) j³yia[ aN&bi[>b bn[ C[.aim p\cirki[n&> zn*n j

simiºy p\jijni[n[ m*Lp&$Pi[n) Fm<viN)n[ bdl[ pi[tini[ p\cir Yiy t[vi BivY) sm*h

mi¹ymi[ Wiri (vSiL p\[xki[n[ mi[(ht krti hi[y C[.vL) ai bF&> Fm<p\cirni nim[ Yt&>

hi[y C[.Fm< s>AYipki[a[ kd)y Fm<ni[ p\cir kyi[< n hti[ t[mN[ fkt (vcir vh[ti[ kyi[<

hti[ an[ aml kr[ t[ j aicir. “mir&> Jvn a[ j miri[ s>d[Si[” a[ j t[mni[ p\cir

hti[.jyir[ vt<min smymi> p\cirni[ ai[(SyiLi[ n hi[y t[vi[ Fm< t[ni[ mm< n

smjniri,aYvi ti[ smJn[ t[v&> krniri p\cirki[ni hiY[ j ri[Lie rHi[ C[.

vt<min smymi> Fm<p\cirki[ Wiri BivB>(gmi tYi aik\i[SBr) viN),Srt)

mi[xn) viti[,a[mi> d[KiDiti ByAYini[,j[ t[ Fm<n[ smjyi vgr t[ni> m(hmiginni[

a(tr[k tYi aºy s>p\diyi[ p\Ry[ni[ B[dBiv Wiri m*L p&$P tYi t[n) m(hmi tYi

sim¸y<n[ (s(mt krti hi[y C[.Kr[Kr ti[ m*L mhip&$Pi[ Wiri vh[ti[ Yy[li[ p\Ry[k (vcir

p\d[Sn) (vS[Pti myi<dini b>Fnmi>j p\gTyi[ hi[y C[ t[ sv<ki(ln sv<#i sRy C[.m*L

p&$Pi[ni ai (vcirn[ smjvin&> sim¸y< k[Tliy an&yiy)ai[ Frivti hi[y C[.pr>t& t[ai[

pi[tin&> sim¸y< Äykt krti hi[ti nY).mi]n rh[ C[.pr>t& m*Lp&$Pi[n&> p\cirki[ Wiri Yt&>

avmiºy jiN) d&:K) j$r Yti hi[y C[.pr>t& p\cirki[ pi[tini ki]SlY) bhi[Li

jnsm*diyn[ vS krti hi[y C[ an[ Fm<p&$Pi[ni m*L s>d[Sn[ nvi an&yiy)ai[ s&F)

phi[>cvi j d[ti nY) hi[ti.pr>t& ji[ vt<min Fm<p\cirki[ tYi an&yiy)ai[ Fm<ni

m*Lm>#in[ j aiRmsit kr) aicrNmi> m&k) an&srvini[ s>d[S si] s&F) phi[>ciD[ a[ j

stp>Y.j[ni Yk) aipi[aip si] p\cirki[ p\(t tYi aºy Fmi[< p\(t si] an&yiy)ai[ni[

aidr vFvi pimS[ a[ (n(v<vid sRy C[.

ú ~) (nOkl>k) niriyN nm:

miri Ähili> stp>Y)b>F&ai[ n[ mir) a[k nm\ arj

Bi(vk stp>Y)b>F&ai[..

a[k (vcir ud`Bv[ C[ sici stp>Y) bnvini[.aipN[ si] stp>Y Fm<n&> aicrN-piln kr)a[ C)a[.Fm< aiRmin&> k9yiN kr[ C[. aipNi[ ai Fm< vD)li[ni aiS)vi<d j C[.stp>YFm<ni piyini n)(t(nymi[n&> piln aipNi vD)li[ c&AtpN[ krti hti.jyir[ aij[ uNp ji[vi mL[ C[.ai miT[ aipN[ si] jvibdir C)a[.hj&y mi[D&> nY) Yy&>,fr)Y) aipN[ jig)a[.sd`g&$ emimSih mhirijni ai(SP mL[,aipN&> Jvn uÌvL bn) rh[,aipNi biLki[n[ p(rvirn[ Fm< an[ Fm<ni (nymi[ smjvin) (jXisi Uq[ a[v) Bivni aipN[ si] siY[ mL)n[ kr)a[ ti[? fr) piC&> aipN&> gim,smij,k&T&>b aidS< stp>Y) bn) rh[.Fm<n&> Xin Bl[ aipNn[ p*r[p&r&> aijs&F) nY) m9y&>.hv[ aipN[ j a[ m[Lvvi aigL kdm m*k)a[.jiN)a[ C)a[ g&$ (vni Xin nh).Xin (vnin&> Jvn nh).EVr aipNn[ mn&Oy jºm ai¼yi[ C[ a[ aipNi aiRmini k9yiN aY[< j C[.aipNi stp>Y Fm<mi> jp,tp,¹yin,B(kt,upisni ai pi>c pg(Yyi Jvnn[ s&g>FY) mh[>kt&> krvin),p\B&ni aiS)vi<d m[Lvvini srL rAti C[. “B(kt (vni Bgvin n(h.Fm<ni (nymi[n&> piln (vni sici Fm<p\[m) nh)>.” k(ly&gmi> a[v&> cil[ j.ai S¾di[Y) d*r rh)a[.aipN&> Jvn aipNi k9yiN aY[< C[.S&¹F Sikihir) an[ (nrÄysn) B(ktmi> K*b j zDpY) aigL aiv) Sk[ C[.ai mig< k(qn j$r C[ pN aSky nY).vt<min smyn[ B*tkiLni smy siY[ (nhiL)n[ ji[vi miT[ p\yRn kr)a[ ti[ sici[ rih mLS[ j.p*ji an[ t[n&> mhRv vPi[<Y) krti aiÄyi C)a[ a[Tl[ a[ rih C[ j.aipN[ Ryigv&> nY).Yi[D) uNpi[ j d*r krvin) j$r C[.j*n) an[ nv) p&(Atkini[ a¿yis j$r) C[. ú mi> aipN&> (h>d&Rv C[.Si miT[ a[ni[ Ryig kr)a[?.aipN[ si] (hºd& C)a[.F)r[ F)r[ smJn[ sici mig< trf aigL vF)a[.smJn[,(vcir)n[,aijni smyn[ ¹yinmi> lea[.si]n[ p\[rNi dea[.m*Lb>Fni[ a¿yis kr)a[.si]n[ smjiv)a[.b\Mi,(vON&,mh[Sn[ yid kr)a[.(nym p\miN[ p*ji kr)a[.stp>Y) smijn) siY[ j ji[Die rh)a[.a[kli pDviY) aipNn[ Si[ fiydi[?.B*l B*limN)ai[,m&Æk[l)ai[n[ smJn[ aigL vF)a[.kirN k[ aipNi[ Fm< “stp>Ysnitn Fm<” stp>Y) smij aipNi si]ni[ C[.v(Dlini aiRmin[ Äy(Yt Yvini kiy<Y) d*r rh)a[.si] stp>Y)ai[ siY[ni siY) bn) rh)a[ a[ aipN) ph[l) frj C[.p*ji(v(Fn) Si>(t (p\y B(ktp[\m sici stp>Y Fm<n) s)D) C[.aipN[ shBig) bn)S&> ti[ aipNi biLki[ j$r shBig) bnS[ j.vt<min smyn) m&Æk[l)ai[ aipNn[ ai[Ci Kc< kdm m*kvi an&ri[F kr[ C[.~¹FiL& stp>Y)ai[ ai miT[ p\yRn avÆy krS[ a[ j p\iY<ni.p)riNip>Y) k[ stp>Ysnitn Fm< (h>d&ai[ni[ C[.aij (dn s&F) a[ mig[< j C)a[.pN kyi>k B*li[ C[.a[ smjvi p\yRn kr)a[.aipN[ aigL aiv)S&> ti[ aipNi[ p(rvir shBig) bnS[ j.ki[en) viti[ si>BL) aiv)a[ a[ni krti> aipN[ jit[ j aipNi stp>Y Fm<ni> si(hRyni[ an[ m*Lb>Fni[ a¿yis kr)a[.a¿yis (vni sici mig< pr kdm jvini nY).Fm<n& piln,(nymi[n&> piln {aicrN},a9p Kc<,p*ji(v(Fmi> hijr),g&$ AmrN,t[#i)s kri[D d[vtiai[ni crNimZtn&> aicmn,S&¹F Bivni,tnmnn) AvCti ai bFi j pisiai[ trf jigZt rh)a[.F)r[ F)r[ Fm<ni Xinni[ Jvn Jvvi an[ miNvimi> siY lea[.si]n&> sir&> ti[ aipN&> sir&> a[v) Fm< Bivni Jvnmi> k[Lv)a[.ai mi#i S¾dni[ SNgir nY) pr>t& aipNi si]ni Jvnn[ sici stp>Y) bnivvi miT[ni[ a9ps*r C[.stp>Y Fm<ni d)pn) jyi[tmi> Jvnni> a>Firin[ (nhiL)n[ sic& Ki[T&> smjvi aigL aiv)a[.jyi[t s[ jyi[t jl[ j[m a[k a[k krti> (vSiL sm&diy Yea[.sici stp>Y) smijmi> BLvi miT[ si] B[gi mL)n[ p\yRn kr)S&> ti[ sd`g&$ emimSih mhirijni ai(SP mLS[ j.rktkNn) S&¹Fti hS[ ti[ sd`(vciri[ aipi[aip UqS[.misihirY) d*r j nh)> a[ni (vcirn[ pN Ryig) dea[.ai aipNi Jvnni k9yiN aY[< aiTl&> n kr)S&> ti[ Jvnni[ aY< Si[? Stp>Y Fm<ni an&yiy)ni[ aY< Si[? (vciri[,j$r rih mLS[ j hj&y k>e mi[D&> nY) Yy&>.Jvnn) jyi[t sLgS[ j a>tr aiRmin) sic) ai[LK an[ dS<n aipNi v](dk stp>Y snitn Fm<Y) j YS[.aim ti[ aipNi ai Fm<n[ ki[e p\cir k[ mi[Ti jnsm&diyn) j$r nY).aijni vt<miny&gmi> Fm<ni nim[ an[k p>Yi[ s>AYiai[ni[ jiN[ rifDi[ fiT) n)k9yi[ C[.pN aipNi[ Fm< ti[ FNi[ p\ic)n an[ v](dkkiLY) cilti[ aiÄyi[ C[.an[k B\mNimi> k[ vid(vvidmi> n pDti a[ni[ sici mig[< a¿yis j$r) C[.emimSih mhirij[ khy&> C[ k[ c[t)n[ cilj[ miri b>F& kirN k[ ai kly&gni[ smy C[ an[k fi>d rciS[ a[mi> fsiyi ti[ n)k9vini[ ki[e mig< n mL[ a[Tl[ j ti[ Fm<n[ stp>Y khyi[ C[.aipN[ Bi³ySiL) C)a[ k[ aipN[ a[vi stp>Y) p(rvirmi> jºm l)Fi[ C[. ti[ Si miT[ aipNi Fm<Y) aLgi rh)a[.aipN[ dr[k Fm<ni[ aidr krvini[ C[. an[ aipNi Fm<n&> piln krvin&> C[ a[mi> kyi>k c*k ni rh)jiy miri stp>Y)b>F&ai[.a[j a¿yY<ni siY[ miri jy g&$d[v.

a[k stp>Y)b>F&