BGA5M1BN6 as Bypass LNA for GNSS ... - Infineon Technologies

Application Note AN611 Revision 1.0

www.infineon.com 2020-04-20

AN611

BGA5M1BN6 as a Bypass LNA for GNSS

applications from 1166 MHz to 1186 MHz

About this document

Scope and purpose

This application note describes Infineon’s BGA5M1BN6 as a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Global Navigation

Satellite System (GNSS) applications in the frequency range of 1166 MHz to 1186 MHz.

The BGA5M1BN6 is a silicon germanium (SiGe) LNA.

1. The target applications of this circuit are GPS L5/Galileo E5/GLONASS L3/BeiDou B2/QZSS L5/NavIC L5

modules in the range of 1166 MHz to 1186 MHz. 2. In this report, the performance of BGA5M1BN6 is investigated on a FR4 board. This device is matched

with 0402 size high Q-factor LQW15 inductors. Noise Figure (NF) deviation, when matched with 0201 size LQP03T inductors, is also presented.

3. Key performance parameters at 1.8 V, 1176.45 MHz: High Gain Mode NF = 1.0 dB (LQW15 inductors for matching)

NF = 1.05 dB (LQP03T inductors for matching)

Insertion gain = 16 dB Input return loss = 14 dB

Output return loss = 11 dB

Out-of-band input IM3 = - 81 dBm (measured at 1169 MHz)

Bypass Mode NF = 1.0 dB (LQW15 inductors for matching) NF = 1.05 dB (LQP03T inductors for matching)

Insertion gain = 16 dB Input return loss = 14 dB Output return loss = 11 dB Out-of-band input IM3 = - 81 dBm (measured at 1169 MHz)

Application Note 2 Revision 1.0

2020-04-20

BGA5M1BN6 as a Bypass LNA for GNSS applications from 1166 MHz to

1186 MHz Introduction of the Global Navigation Satellite System

Table of contents

About this document ....................................................................................................................... 1

Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 2

List of figures1 ................................................................................................................................ 3

List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 3

1 Introduction of the Global Navigation Satellite System ...................................................... 4 1.1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ............................................................................................ 4

1.2 Lower L bands ......................................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Infineon product portfolio for GNSS applications ................................................................................. 5 1.4 Key features of GNSS LNAs ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.4.1 Low NF and high gain ......................................................................................................................... 5

1.4.2 High robustness against coexistence of out-of-band jammer signals ............................................. 6

1.4.3 Low current consumption ................................................................................................................. 6

2 BGA5M1BN6 overview .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Features ................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Key applications of BGA5M1BN6 ............................................................................................................ 7

3 Application circuit and performance overview .................................................................. 8 3.1 Summary of measurement results ......................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Schematic and BOM .............................................................................................................................. 10

4 Measurement graphs..................................................................................................... 11

5 Evaluation board and layout information ........................................................................ 22

6 Authors ........................................................................................................................ 24

7 References ................................................................................................................... 25

Application Note AN611 Revision 1.0

www.infineon.com 2020-04-20


1186 MHz List of Figures and Tables

List of figures1

Figure 1 Application diagram: receiver front end of the GNSS ........................................................................ 4

Frequency allocation of GNSS systems – upper L band and lower L band ....................................... 5

Figure 2 5 Figure 3 BGA5M1BN6 in TSNP-6-10 ................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4 Schematic of the BGA5M1BN6 application circuit ........................................................................... 10

Figure 5 Insertion power gain (narrowband) of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications ................................... 11

Figure 6 Insertion power gain (wideband) of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications ....................................... 12 Figure 7 NF of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (SMA and connector losses de-embedded, LQW15

inductors for matching) .................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 8 NF of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (SMA and connector losses de-embedded, LQP03T

inductors for matching) .................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 9 Input return loss of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications ................................................................. 14 Figure 10 Output return loss of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications............................................................... 15

Figure 11 Reverse isolation of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications................................................................. 16

Figure 12 Stability K-factor of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications ................................................................. 17 Figure 13 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications ............................................ 18 Figure 14 Out-of-band third-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (L5 band,

output referred) ................................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 15 Out-of-band second-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (L5 band,

output referred) ................................................................................................................................. 20 Figure 16 Inband third-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (output referred)

............................................................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 17 Evaluation board (overview) ............................................................................................................. 22

Figure 18 Evaluation board (detailed view)...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 19 PCB layer information ....................................................................................................................... 23

List of tables

Table 1 Electrical characteristics at 1.8 V (at room temperature) .................................................................. 8

Table 2 Electrical characteristics at 2.8 V (at room temperature) .................................................................. 9 Table 3 BOM .................................................................................................................................................... 10

1) The graphs were generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®.

Introduction of the Global Navigation Satellite System


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1186 MHz

1 Introduction of the Global Navigation Satellite System

1.1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) covers the mostly commonly used services in the electronic industry. Today, the following GNSS systems are in operation: the United States GPS, the Russian GLobal

Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the European Union Galieo navigation system (Galileo), the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS or NavIC). Main market segments include GNSS-enabled cell phones, Personal Navigation Devices (PNDs), GNSS-enabled portable devices and Internet-of-

Things (IoT) devices.

For the GNSS-enabled cell phones, the main challenges are to achieve high sensitivity and high immunity

for safety and emergency reasons against interference from cellular signals and other wireless connectivity signals. The GNSS signals must be received at very low power levels (down to less than -130 dBm) in cell phones in the vicinity of coexisting high-power cellular and other wireless connectivity signals.

The main challenges for the GNSS-enabled portable devices are to obtain a high system sensitivity for precise detection, and low Time-To-First Fix (TTFF) to quickly locate the device. Below diagram

demonstrates the RF frontend structure of a GNSS-enabled portable module. The LNA is switched to high

gain mode when the module does not use the external active antenna, and to bypass mode when the

module switches to external active antenna.

Figure 1 Application diagram: receiver front end of the GNSS

1.2 Lower L bands

The GNSS systems were first operated in the upper L band ranging from 1559 MHz to 1610 MHz. Recently,

GNSS applications in the lower L bands, ranging from 1164 MHz to 1300 MHz, have started to emerge in civil use.

The lower L bands include GPS L5/GLONASS L3/BDS B2/Galileo E5/QZSS L5/NavIC L5 bands (1164 MHz to 1217 MHz), and GPS L2/GLONASS L2/BDS B3/Galileo E6/QZSS L2C/QZSS LEX bands (1217 MHz to 1300 MHz).



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1186 MHz

For example, the GPS L5 band hosts a civilian safety-of-life signal, and is intended to provide a means of radio navigation secure and robust enough for life-critical applications, such as aircraft precision approach

guidance. The GPS L2 band has been used for high-precision location navigation.

Figure 2 illustrates an overview of the frequency allocation of GNSS applications.

Figure 2 Frequency allocation of GNSS systems – upper L band and lower L band

1.3 Infineon product portfolio for GNSS applications

Infineon Technologies offers the following product portfolio to all customers designing high-performance flexible RF front-end solutions for all GNSS systems:

- LNAs: Infineon offers a wide range of products such as high-performance Monolithic Microwave

Integrated Circuits (MMICs) as well as cost-effective and high-end RF transistors

- Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) diodes: Infineon devices can protect GNSS antennas reliably

up to 20 kV

1.4 Key features of GNSS LNAs

Infineon is among the leading suppliers for GNSS LNAs for navigation applications. The GNSS MMIC LNAs are designed with the following features.

1.4.1 Low NF and high gain

The power levels of satellite signals received by a GNSS receiver are as low as -130 dBm. An external LNA with exceptionally low NF and good gain helps to boost the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. The existing LNA portfolio includes devices with various gain levels that can be tailored to customers’ RF systems.



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1186 MHz

1.4.2 High robustness against coexistence of out-of-band jammer signals

In the presence of very weak GNSS satellite signals, there is no inband interference signal in the GNSS receiver front ends.

In the case of cell phone systems, GNSS signals coexist with strong jammer signals from other RF

applications, e.g. 3G/4G, wireless LAN, etc. The above out-of-band jammer signals can mix to produce intermodulation products in the GNSS receiver frequency band. Compared with the received signal level

from GNSS satellites, the resulting intermodulation products are significant interference, therefore LNAs with high robustness against out-of-band interference signals are required.

1.4.3 Low current consumption

Power consumption is an important feature in many GNSS systems that are mainly battery-operated mobile devices. Infineon’s LNAs have an integrated power-on/-off feature that provides for low power consumption and increased stand-by time for GNSS handsets. Moreover, the recent development has focused on low current (e.g. 1.1 mA) and low supply voltage (1.2 V), making the LNAs suitable for portable

devices such as GNSS-enabled wearables and connected IoT devices.

Please visit www.infineon.com for more details on LNA products for navigation in cell phones and portable

devices.

http://www.infineon.com/

BGA5M1BN6 overview


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1186 MHz

2 BGA5M1BN6 overview

2.1 Features

• Operating frequencies: 1805 MHz to 2200 MHz

• Insertion power gain: 19.3 dB

• Insertion loss in bypass mode: 4.7 dB

• Low NF: 0.65 dB

• Low current consumption: 9.5 mA

• Multi-state control: bypass and high-gain mode

• Ultra-small TSNP-6-10 leadless package

• RF output internally matched to 50 Ω

• Low external component count

Figure 3 BGA5M1BN6 in TSNP-6-10

2.2 Key applications of BGA5M1BN6

BGA5M1BN6 is designed to enhance receiving sensitivity in LTE applications.

In this application note, it is retuned to improve the reception quality of the GNSS applications.

In high-gain mode the LNA offers the best NF to ensure high sensitivity. In bypass mode, the LNA works under reduced current consumption. The integrated bypass function increases the overall system dynamic range and leads to more flexibility in the RF front end.

Please visit the product page of BGA5M1BN6 for more information.

https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-BGA5M1BN6-DS-v02_02-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462617643590161b3b177e035db


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Application circuit and performance overview

BGA5M1BN6 as a Bypass LNA for GNSS applications from 1166 MHz

to 1186 MHz

3 Application circuit and performance overview

In this chapter the performance of the application circuit, the schematic and Bill of Materials (BOM) are

presented.

Device: BGA5M1BN6

Application: LNA for GNSS applications in the range 1166 MHz to 1186 MHz

PCB marking: BGAxxxN6 V4.0

EVB order no.: AN611

3.1 Summary of measurement results

The performance of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS lower L band applications is summarized in the following tables.

Table 1 Electrical characteristics at 1.8 V (at room temperature)

Parameter Symbol Value Unit Comment/test condition

Frequency range Freq 1176 MHz L5 band center frequency

DC voltage VCC 1.8 V

Mode M High gain Bypass --

DC current ICC 9.2 0.085 mA High Gain Mode, Bypass

Mode

Gain G 16.0 -4.3 dB

Noise Figure1) NF 1.0 4.7 dB LQW15 inductor for matching,

loss of input line of 0.10 dB is de-

embedded1)

Noise Figure2) NF 1.05 4.9 dB LQP03TN inductor for matching,


embedded2)

Input return loss RLin 14 8 dB

Output return loss RLout 11 6 dB

Reverse isolation IRev 34 4 dB

Input IP3 IIP3 -9 9

dBm Power at input: -30 dBm

f1 = 1176 MHz, f2 = 1177 MHz

Input P1dB IP1dB -19 -1 dBm At 1176 MHz

Out-of-band input IP33) Oob_IIP3 5 22 dBm Power at input:

-20 dBm (high gain)

-10 dBm (bypass)

f1 = 1785 MHz, f2 = 2401 MHz

Oob_IM3 measured at 1169 MHz

Out-of-band output IM3 Oob_OIM

3 -54 -79 dBm

Out-of-band input IP23) Oob_IIP2 28 46 dBm Power at input: -20 dBm

f1 = 2550 MHz, f2 = 3726 MHz

Oob_IM2 measured at 1176 MHz Out-of-band output IM2 Oob_OIM

2

-52 -91 dBm


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to 1186 MHz



Stability k > 1 – Measured up to 10 GHz

3) Out-of-band input IMx = IM level output referred – gain at the measured frequency



Frequency range Freq 1176 MHz L5 band center frequency

DC voltage VCC 2.8 V

Mode M High gain Bypass --

DC current ICC 10.1 0.09 mA

Gain G 16.5 -4.7 dB

Noise Figure1) NF 1.0 4.65 dB LQW15 inductor for matching,


embedded1)

Noise Figure2) NF 1.05 4.9 dB LQP03TN inductor for matching,

loss of input line of 0.10 dB is

deembedded2)

Input return loss RLin 14 8 dB

Output return loss RLout 11 6 dB

Reverse isolation IRev 35 4 dB

Input IP3 IIP3 -9 9 dBm Power at input: -30 dBm

f1 = 1176 MHz, f2 = 1177 MHz

Input P1dB IP1dB -19 0 dBm At 1176 MHz

Out-of-band input IP33) Oob_IIP3 2 22 dBm Power at input:

-20 dBm (high gain)

-10 dBm (bypass)

f1 = 1785 MHz, f2 = 2401 MHz

Oob_IM3 measured at 1169 MHz

Out-of-band output IM3 Oob_OIM3 -48 -79 dBm

Out-of-band input IP23) Oob_IIP2 28 46 dBm Power at input: -20 dBm

f1 = 2550 MHz, f2 = 3726 MHz

Oob_IM2 measured at 1176 MHz Out-of-band output IM2 Oob_OIM2 -52 -91

dBm

Stability k > 1 – Measured up to 10 GHz

3) Out-of-band input IMx = IM level output referred – gain at the measured frequency


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to 1186 MHz

3.2 Schematic and BOM

The schematic of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications is presented in Figure 4 and its BOM is shown in Table 3.

Figure 4 Schematic of the BGA5M1BN6 application circuit

Table 3 BOM

Symbol Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment

C1 1 nF 0402/0201 Various DC block (optional)

C2 2.2/2.71) pF 0402/0201 Various Output matching

C3 1 nF 0402/0201 Various RF bypass (optional)

L1 11 nH 0402/0201 Murata LQW15/LQP03T Input matching

L2 10 nH 0402/0201 Murata LQW15/LQP03T Output matching

N1 BGA5M1BN6 TSNP-6-2 Infineon Technologies SiGe LNA

1) 2.2 pF is recommended when using 0402-inch components ; 2.7 pF is recommended when using 0201-inch components

Note: DC block function is NOT integrated at the input pin. DC block capacitor C1 is not necessary if the DC block

function on the RF input line can be ensured by the previous stage.For reducing switching time, lower DC

block cap value is recommended. C1 = 100 pF enables less than 3 µS switching time.

Note: The RF bypass capacitor C3 at the DC power supply pin filters out the power supply noise and stabilizes the DC supply. The C3 is not necessary if a clean and stable DC supply can be ensured.

BGA5x1BN6_BypassLNA_Ret

uned_SchematicB.vsd

N1

AI, 5

C, 6

GND, 4

GND, 1

AO, 3

VCC, 2

C1 (optional)

L1

RFin

C

VCC

C3

(optional)

L2

RFout

C2


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

4 Measurement graphs

Figure 5 Insertion power gain (narrowband) of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Insertion Power Gain (High Gain, Narrowband)

-20

-10

0

10

20

S21 (

dB

) m2:1176 MHz16.47 dB

m1:1176 MHz16.03 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Insertion Power Gain (BP, Narrowband)

-20

-10

0

10

20

S2

1 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-4.33 dB

m1:1176 MHz-4.75 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 6 Insertion power gain (wideband) of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Frequency (MHz)

Insertion Power Gain (High Gain, Wideband)

-20

-10

0

10

20

S2

1 (

dB

) m2:1176 MHz16.47 dB

m1:1176 MHz16.03 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Frequency (MHz)

Insertion Power Gain (BP, Wideband)

-20

-10

0

10

20

S2

1 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-4.33 dB

m1:1176 MHz-4.75 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 7 NF of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (SMA and connector losses de-embedded, LQW15

inductors for matching)

Figure 8 NF of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (SMA and connector losses de-embedded, LQP03T

inductors for matching)

1150000000 1160000000 1170000000 1180000000 1190000000 1200000000

Frequency(Hz)

Noise Figure(High Gain)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2N

F (

dB

)

m2:1176000000 MHz1.01 dB

m1:1176000000 MHz0.98 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

1150000000 1160000000 1170000000 1180000000 1190000000 1200000000

Frequency(Hz)

Noise Figure(High Gain)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

NF

(dB

)

m2:1176000000 MHz1.06 dB

m1:1176000000 MHz1.04 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 9 Input return loss of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Input Return Loss (High Gain, Narrowband)

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S11 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-13.91 dB

m1:1176 MHz-14.28 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Input Return Loss (BP, Narrowband)

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S11 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-8.40 dB

m1:1176 MHz-8.20 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 10 Output return loss of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Output Return Loss (High Gain, Narrowband)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

S22 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-11.46 dB

m1:1176 MHz-11.41 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Output Return Loss (BP, Narrowband)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

S22 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-5.57 dB

m1:1176 MHz-6.60 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 11 Reverse isolation of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Reverse Isolation (High Gain, Narrowband)

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20S

12

(d

B)

m2:1176 MHz-33.35 dB

m1:1176 MHz-33.65 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

0 1000 2000 3000

Frequency (MHz)

Reverse Isolation (BP, Narrowband)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

S12 (

dB

)

m2:1176 MHz-4.36 dB

m1:1176 MHz-4.74 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 12 Stability K-factor of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Frequency (MHz)

Stability K Factor (High Gain)

0

1

2

3

4

5

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

100 2100 4100 6100 8100 10000

Frequency (MHz)

Stability K Factor (BP)

0

1

2

3

4

5

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 13 Input 1 dB compression point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications

-30.2 -20.2 -10.2 -0.2

Power (dBm)

Input 1dB Compression Point (High Gain)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

S2

1 (

dB

)

m2:-18.48 dBm15.37 dB

m1:-30.2 dBm16.37 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

-25 -15 -5 5 10

Power (dBm)

Input 1dB Compression Point (BP)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S2

1 (

dB

)

m2:-0.5035 dBm-5.42 dB

m1:-24.69 dBm-4.42 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 14 Out-of-band third-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (L5

band, output referred)

1164 1166 1168 1170 1172 1174

Frequency (MHz)

Out-of-band IM3, f1=1785M, f2=2401M (High gain)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

m2:1169 MHz-53.96 dB

m1:1169 MHz-47.63 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

1164 1166 1168 1170 1172 1174

Frequency (MHz)

Out-of-band IM3, f1=1785M, f2=2401M (BP)

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

m1:1169 MHz-79.63 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 15 Out-of-band second-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (L5

band, output referred)

1171 1173 1175 1177 1179 1181

Frequency (MHz)

Out-of-band IM2 (high gain)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

m2:1176 MHz-52.00 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

1171 1173 1175 1177 1179 1181

Frequency (MHz)

Out-of-band IM2 (BP)

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

m2:1176 MHz-89.97 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Measurement graphs


to 1186 MHz

Figure 16 Inband third-order intermodulation point of BGA5M1BN6 for GNSS applications (output

referred)

1174000000 1175000000 1176000000 1177000000 1178000000 1179000000

Frequency (Hz)

Third-order Interception Point (High Gain)

-110

-90

-70

-50

-30

-10

0

Po

we

r (d

Bm

)

m5:1178000000 MHz-59.85 dB

m4:1177000000 MHz-13.97 dB

m3:1176000000 MHz-14.08 dB

m2:1174999999 MHz-55.95 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V

1174000000 1175000000 1176000000 1177000000 1178000000 1179000000

Frequency (Hz)

Third-order Interception Point (BP)

-130

-110

-90

-70

-50

-30

-10

0

Po

we

r (d

Bm

)

m2:1178000007 MHz-112.06 dB

m4:1177000000 MHz-34.49 dB

m3:1176000000 MHz-34.41 dB

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 2.8V


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Evaluation board and layout information


to 1186 MHz

5 Evaluation board and layout information

In this application note, the following PCB is used:

PCB marking: BGAxxxN6 V4.0

PCB material: FR4

r of PCB material: 4.8

Figure 17 Evaluation board (overview)

Figure 18 Evaluation board (detailed view)


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Evaluation board and layout information


to 1186 MHz

Figure 19 PCB layer information

FR4, 0.80 mm

Copper 35 µm

FR4, 0.20 mm

Copper 35 µm


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Authors


to 1186 MHz

6 Authors

Xiang Li, Senior Application Engineer of Business Unit “Radio Frequency and Sensors”

Horson Hao, Senior Application Engineer of Business Unit “Radio Frequency and Sensors”

Umar Md Yasir, Working Student of Business Unit “Radio Frequency and Sensors”

7


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References


to 1186 MHz

7 References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_signals

[2] https://galileognss.eu/galileo-frequency-bands/

[3] http://www.navipedia.net/index.php/GNSS_signal

[4] https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/

8 Revision history

Major changes since the last revision

Page or reference Description of change

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_signals

https://galileognss.eu/galileo-frequency-bands/

http://www.navipedia.net/index.php/GNSS_signal

https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/

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