BG Socail Sus Essay PART1

7/31/2019 BG Socail Sus Essay PART1

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how to measure the social sustainability

of new housing developments

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How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development2 Foreword

www.bgoup.co.u/sustainabiit

Th Hamptons



We need to build a lot more homes in Britain,

urgently. But you cannot separate this issue from

the social question of what kind of places we

want to create. The physical and social fabric

of a community are inextricably linked.

he problem is that we are mh learer a more sophistiate whe it omes toaressi the ormer. We ow how to eliver oo qalit homes a assess theiresi qalit a evirometal perormae. t tal abot the soial imesioso ew hosi a the oversatio qil ets ose. eople se wors lie

ohesio a resiliee whih mea ver little i pratie.

his is a ametal oer bease o the natioal lai oli Framewor. he nF has ive s a presmptio i avor o sstaiable evelopmet. hat’soo. t i we aot efe what we mea b sstaiable evelopmet, how oesit help loal athorities mae qi eisios with ofee?

his report is or frst attempt to solve the problem. We have reate a ramewor whih efes soial sstaiabilit a how o measre it; a we have teste it oor erele evelopmets bilt over the last te ears.

t is ot et the fishe artile bt it is well o the wa to provii evelopers aplaers with a wa to prove that we a eliver a lot more tha hosi. We ahelp to reate stro ommities whih oer people a reat qalit o lie, ow ai the tre.

Tony Pidgley Rob Perrins

chairma aai diretor

Foreword

How to measure the social sustainabil ity of new housing development Foreword 3




How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development

Contents

4 Contents


Foreword 7

Executive summary 8

Part One: Creating strong communities 14

Introduction 14

1.0 What is social sustainability and

why does it matter? 15

2.0 Measurin quality of life and the

strenth of a community 18

2.1 Creating the framework 20

2.2 Testing the framework 22

2.3 Analysing the results 233.0 ocial sustainability

framework assessments 24

3.1 Comparative ndings 24

3.2 Social and cultural life 28

3.3 Voice and inuence 30

3.4 Amenities and infrastructure 31

3.5 Tenure analysis 33

3.6 Quality of life from the residents’ perspective 34

4.0 he results by site 36

4.1 Empire Square 37

4.2 The Hamptons 42

4.3 Imperial Wharf 48

4.4 Knowle Village 54

4.5 Comparing the residents’ survey ndings 60

4.6 Local authority and national benchmarks 62

5.0 Lessons from usin the

measurement framework 64

5.1 Interpreting the ndings 65

5.2 Present and future communities 65

5.3 Mixed methods and mixed data sources 65

5.4 Well-being 66

5.5 Assessing transport links 66

5.6 Scope 675.7 Developing the methodology 67

6.0 Conclusions and recommendations 69

References 71



How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development About this report 5

his report esribes the evelopmet o a ramewor to measre the soialsstaiabilit o ew hosi a mixe-se evelopmets.

he wor was ommissioe b the erele grop a arrie ot b oial iea im dixo, roessorial chair i staiable Ftres i the ilt virometat the uiversit o eai. t orms part o a wor proramme ertae b theerele grop to ersta the importae a relevae o soial sstaiabilitto the hosi istr.

ver the last fve ears, the erele grop has bee a stro hampio o evirometal isses. erele was the frst resietial eveloper to pblish aclimate chae oli a the frst to ommit to ertii ever ew home to

evel 3 o the coe or staiable omes. For the last six ears, the grop hasalso ahieve frst plae i the nextgeeratio staiabilit ehmar o the25 larest home bilers i the uk.

t while evirometal oers remai ritiall importat, erele osiersthat less emphasis is rretl plae o the soial imesios o sstaiabilit iboth overmet poli a istr pratie.

hortl ater the lish it riots i 2011, erele pblishe a essa b roessor im dixo alle “ Putting the S word back into sustainability: can we be more social?”.t are that people, plaes a the eoom are as importat as, a loselitertwie with, evirometal isses. Followi pbliatio o the “S word ”,erele the set ot to f a wa to efe a measre soial sstaiabilit.

he ramewor that has ow bee evelope a teste i this projet is baseo the previos wor o oial ie i a roessor dixo,ii aapte a evolveto meet the reqiremets o the erele grop.

his report was writte b niola ao, dolas cohrae, a aro Woorat. he srve esi a statistial aalsis was arrie ot b dr Joh row.

a o the photos are tae b resiets o the or evelopmets seor the researh.

About this report




How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development6 Who we are




Who we are

THe Berkeley Gr

he erele grop bils homes aeihborhoos. We see to reatebeatil, sessl plaes. We wor toether with other people to tale

the shortae o oo qalit homes,a we mae a lasti otribtio tothe lasape a to the ommitieswe help reate. erele is a F250 ompa a mae p o 5atoomos ompaies: t geore,t James, erele, erele First,a t war. t was vote ritai’sost Amire compa aross allistries i 2011 a osebilero the year i 2010 a 2011.

Sl le

oial ie is a ew soial eterprisereate b the yo Foatioi 2012. oial ie’s Foidiretors are niola ao a

aro Woorat, who set pa le the yo Foatio’swor o ommities rom 2006to 2012. oial ie’s missio is toreoet plaemai with people’severa experiee a the wa thatommities wor. r expertise is ithe soial imesios o plaemaia sstaiabilit, i erstaihow to aelerate loal soialiovatio, a i owi how totraslate these isihts ito pratiea poli. oial ie is wori i

the uk a iteratioall.

verSTy redG

im dixo is roessorial chair istaiable Ftres i the iltviromet i the hool o costrtio aaemet a

ieeri at the uiversit o eai. e is also a Assoiateo the Waler stitte or climatechae at uiversit o eaia a member o the cstaiabilit asore. e wasormerl proessor o real estatea diretor o d at xorrooes uiversit where he lethe wor o soial sstaiabilitor the ropea vestmet a.

kledGeeTS

How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development Who we are 7


We wol lie to express thas to or expert rop,dr niola dempse o hefel uiversit, diah oaeo the cA, tephe rs o eabo, a al Alliormerl o the n, or their eeba a iaeo this wor.

has also to Joelle oore a niamh eiha or theirotribtios to the felwor a aalsis, to att allrom atrix arterships or arri ot the site srves,a to coralie ri a r helto rom comes ortheir wor o the resiets’ srve.



This project demonstrates that new housing

developments can rapidly become strong

communities that offer residents high quality

design and a good quality of life.

The ndings challenge the popular stereotype

that new housing developments are less sociable

and less attractive places to live than older, more

established communities.

This work shows that the social sustainability

of new housing developments can be assessed,

offering lessons which enrich the process of

building successful places. That is crucial as the

Government seeks to encourage one of the biggest

housebuilding programmes this country has seen

in a generation.

Executive summary

How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development8 Executive summary




osebilers have mae siifat proress i improvithe evirometal perormae a esi qalit o ew hosi a pbli spaes i the past 10 ears.

he hallee ow, or all the staeholers ivolve ireati ew evelopmets, is to bil o this proressa esre that ew hosi rotiel reates stroommities. o o this reqires a abilit to measrethe impat o ew evelopmet o people’s qalit o lie,the streth o ommities, a the srroi areas.

he prpose o this projet has bee to reate a testa pratial, ost-eetive measremet ramewor whih

ol be se aross the erele grop. We se theoept o soial sstaiabilit as a wa to bri toethera measre a wie rae o ators that iee loalqalit o lie a the streth o a ommit, a efethe term as ollows:

Social sustainability is about people’s quality of

life, now and in the future. It describes the extent

to which a neighbourhood supports individual and

collective well-being.

Social sustainability combines design of the physical

environment with a focus on how the people who live in

and use a space relate to each other and function as a

community. It is enhanced by development which provides

the right infrastructure to support a strong social and

cultural life, opportunities for people to get involved, and

scope for the place and the community to evolve.

How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development Executive summary 9

he ramewor has bee esie to bil o what is owabot reati a spporti thrivi ommities. t hasthe bee teste o or evelopmets, to assess how theperorm. hese ile two i ier it oo, mpireqare i ermose a mperial Whar i Flham; oesbrba site, he amptos i Worester ar, soth westoo; a oe i a semi-rral setti, kowle Villae earortsmoth i ampshire.

he ramewor osists o three imesios: “irastrtrea soial ameities”, “voie a iee” a “soiala ltral lie”, whih are erpie b 13 iiators.

data rom 45 qestios i total reate the reslts or eahiiator. rimar ata was ollete throh a ae-to-aeresiets’ srve a a site srve.

he reslts o the site srves were behmare aaististr staars, while the reslts o the ae-to-aeiterviews were behmare aaist lare-sale atioalatasets or omparable plaes i the uk. hese atioalatasets ile the fe o natioal tatistis tpt

Area classifatios (Ac), whih istill ess ata or thewhole o the uk to iiate the harater o loal areas, arom ex o ltiple deprivatio area sores.




Executive summary

How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development10 Executive summary


esti the ramewor establishe that resiets o three o theor ew hosi evelopmets report more positive resposesompare to the behmars or omparable plaes o the‘eelis o saet’ iiator. esiets report reater eeliso saet wali aloe ri the a a at iht a eel thatrime i their eihborhoo ompares avorabl to other areas1.

esposes to e qestios i the resiets’ srve alsoreveale that:

• They feel they belong – resiets report hiher rateso eeli lie the belo to the eihborhoo.

• They regularly talk to their neighbours – resietsreport hiher rates o relarl tali to their eihbors.

• They plan to stay in the community – thereport hiher rates o itetio to remai resiet ithe eihborhoo.

he srve also o that resiets o the or evelopmetsreport less positive resposes o two qestios:

• They feel less like they are playing a useful part

in things.

• They are less likely to feel that people pull togetherto improve the neighbourhood.

verall, resiets o the or evelopmets report the sameor similar levels o well-bei ompare to the behmarsor omparable plaes.

However, when the results of the 598 responses to

the residents’ survey are compared against all people

nationally, the responses showed a statistically

signicant difference on two key questions:

• Well-being: Berkeley residents were more likely

to feel reasonably happy than all people nationally

• Safety: Berkeley residents were more likely to feel

safe than all people nationally

ehi these healie statemets, the real vale o this wor lies i the wealth o erli ata, whih illmiates thespeif loal irmstaes a amis o a plae a howthese hae over time i respose to ieret itervetios.

Aaemi researh o soial sstaiabilit has ietifethe importae o loal otext to provii a meailerstai o qalit o lie a streth o ommit.

esti or ramewor aaist these or ew evelopmetshas emostrate that:

• new housig developmets a (give the right support)

ahieve the same levels o overall well-beig, quality o liead ommuity stregth as older ad more established

ommuities i a relatively short amout o time.

• new hosi evelopmets a eerate siifateelis o saet or resiets, i partilar i hih-esit, ier it ommities. his ol be a reslt o the hiher levels o serit. iher levels o ‘eihborl’behavior i the two hih-esit evelopmets maalso explai this fi. t is possible that hih esitpositivel iees iormal loal soial iteratio,whih i tr iees eelis o trst apereptios o saet.

• arl provisio o ameities a soial irastrtreis ote importat or resiets’ qalit o lie a tospport eihborliess a loal soial iteratio.

• osi proviers ol potetiall o more, ipartership with loal athorities a loal pbliaeies, to provie resiets with meail aappropriate was to et ivolve i loal eisio-mai. his ees to tae aot o the ll rae o loal iterests a existi opportities or eaemet.

he aim shol be to oer people a rae o ormal aiormal optios, rom oe-o evets that o ot reqire

ooi ivolvemet, to sope or ommit-le assetmaaemet i there is loal ema.

• ore wor is eee to ersta the relatioshipbetwee hosi tere, soial a spatial iteratio,beloi, eihborliess a soial sstaiabilit.

i With the exeptio o kowle Villae where resiets report positive resposeso eelis o saet bt also report eeli that rime i the area is hiher thathe otr overall



his is a importat projet that will otribte to how allthose ivolve i hosi ersta soial sstaiabilit.t mars a importat shit i the istr’s os romplaemai to thii abot lo-term stewarship a‘plaeeepi’. t is also essetial to reoise that soialsstaiabilit is a joit resposibilit. ome aspets o ita be iretl elivere b a eveloper. thers epeo the expertise a ivolvemet o the oil, a hosiassoiatio or the resiets themselves. We hope this wor will oer everoe pratial isihts abot how the iea o soial sstaiabilit a be pt ito pratie a rtre

i ew evelopmets.

his smmar is a overview o the projet. he mai reportis i two parts:

Part one issses what soial sstaiabilit meas orhosi evelopers, presets the fis that a be rawrom testi the measremet ramewor, a sets ot aseries o reommeatios.

Part two iludes a detailed desriptio o the proess o

developmet o the measuremet ramewor, ad how it was

tested. t reports o the evidee base used to develop the

ramewor; how idiators were seleted; methods o primary

data olletio; data treatmets or seodary aalysis; adstrategies or testig the ramewor, ad some lessos leared.

he Appeies otai ata tables, otes o ata treatmets,statistial testi, a the resiet srve qestioaire.


Executive summary 11 How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development



12 Executive summary


Social sustainability isabout people’s quality of life, now and in the future.





How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development Executive summary 13



www.berkeleygroup.co.uk/sustainability

14 Chapter 1.0

1.0 Creating strong communities

Housebuilders have made

signicant progress in improving

the environmental performance

and design quality of new housing

and public space in the past 10

years. A number of initiatives have

encouraged innovation and changed

industry practice, from the Code for

Sustainable Homes to Building for

Life, new planning policy and design

review panels.

now all those ivolve i the reatio o ew hosievelopmets a bil o this proress a osier howew evelopmet a reate stro, ilsive a thriviommities. t i orer to o this, a wa is eee o measri the impat o ew hosi o the qalit o lie o iivial resiets, the streth o ommities, a, i theloer term, o the srroi areas.

his projet is a step towars bei able to ahieve that oal.We se the oept o soial sstaiabilit as a ramewor to bri toether a measre a wie rae o ators thatiee loal qalit o lie a the streth o a ommit

ow a i the tre.

he term soial sstaiabilit is ot et wiel se bhosi evelopers or pbli aeies i the uk, althohit has bee a objet o aaemi researh or over a eae.We believe it shol beome etral to the wa that everoeivolve i the proess o bili ew hosi settlemets– rom overmet, etral a loal, to arhitets,ommities a evelopers – erstas sstaiabiliti the ears ahea.




How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development Chapter 1.0 15


here is ireasi lobal iterest i soial sstaiabilit,amost poli maers, aaemis, overmets a thevarios aeies ivolve i the proess o hose bili,plai a rba reeeratio.

he term oriiates rom the ‘three pillars’ o sstaiableevelopmet – evirometal, eoomi, soial – whih aterom the 1987 rtla commissio to the uite natios.

he ormer norweia rime iister, gro arlem rtla,efe sstaiable evelopmet as evelopmet that “meetsthe ees o the preset withot ompromisi the abilit o tre eeratios to meet their ow ees”.iii

ver the past eae a bo o aaemi researh hasemere that has attempte to efe a oeptalisesoial sstaiabilit a to map ot its e harateristis apriiples (see example i table 1).

his wor has ietife that soial sstaiabilit bristoether a mber o ieret ieas abot soial eqit,soial ees a the sstaiabilit o ommities, oteesribe i terms o soial apital, soial ohesio a well-bei.iv osi a rba reeeratio are stro themesthrohot this wor, as is the iea that the eihborhooor loal ommit is a appropriate sale or measremet.v mportatl, this wor aowlees that the pratial aoperatioal aspets o soial sstaiabilit are ot wellexplore, learl efe or well iterate i the polia pratie o rba plai a hosi.vi

1.0 What is social sustainability and why does it matter?

TBle 1: rB Sl SSTBlTy: TrBTry TrS S deTed THe reve

lTerTre ( rTlr rder) By deSey eT l., 2009 (2011).ii

no-phsial ators reomiatl phsial ators

• atio a traii

• oial jstie: iter- a itra-eeratioal

• artiipatio a loal emora

• ealth, qalit o lie a well-bei

• oial ilsio (a eraiatio o soial exlsio)

• oial apital

• commit

• aet

• ixe tere

• Fair istribtio o iome

• oial orer

• oial ohesio

• commit ohesio (i.e. ohesio betwee a amo

ieret rops)• oial etwors

• oial iteratio

• ese o ommit a beloi

• mplomet

• esietial stabilit (vs trover)

• Ative ommit

• raisatios

• cltral traitios

• urbait

• Attrative pbli realm

• deet hosi

• oal evirometal qalit a ameit

• Aessibilit (e.. to loal servies a ailities/ emplomet/ree spae)

• staiable rba esi

• neihborhoo

• Walable eihborhoo: peestria-riel



16 Chapter 1.0


etwee 2010 a 2011, the oial ie team (the at the yo Foatio) arrie ot a lare-sale review o availableeviee abot what maes ommities, i partilarlare-sale ew ommities, orish soiall. his wor wasommissioe b the omes a commities Ae (cA)a was a attempt to osoliate the available, bt isparate,eviee to mae the ase or ivestmet i ommitirastrtre. he eviee athere i the ll review waspblishe o treommities.et,viii a website hoste bthe cA. his bo o wor was the starti poit orevelopi a pratial measremet ramewor or this projet.

A pratial erstai o soial sstaiabilit is pressii the liht o rret hosi ee a sare pbliresores. govermet preits that the mber o hosehols i la is projete to row to 27.5 millioi 2033, a irease o 5.8 millio (27 per et) over 2008,or 232,000 hosehols eah ear.ix Alosie eorts toirease the volme o sppl, there ees to be a bettererstai o how to mae sre that hosi bilttoa reates plaes where people will thrive i the tre.

the uk, lare-sale ew hosi evelopmets havea heqere histor. While the gare cities a garebrbs otie to orish a provie ispiratio, a

ew evelopmets rom graar Whar i ees to ibb’s riale i othwol a Aoria i cambrie have beehihl sessl, there are as ma examples where ewhosi evelopmets have aile to thrive. ih profle rbareeeratio shemes lie the lephat a castle otieto attrat otrovers or their impat o existi resiets;while the lea o aile hih-rise soial hosi a be seearo the otr, rom ar ill i hefel to Fotaiwelllae i glasow.

he wish to f was to mae ew plaes orish is ota ew preopatio a there is ow a wiespreaerstai o the phsial a evirometal halleesivolve i reati ew settlemets. We ow a reat ealabot how arhitetre shapes soial behavior a people’ssese o plae; how hih qalit, well maitaie pblispaes iee pereptios o persoal saet; a how toesi ot rime.

owever, there are still rial qestios to aress abotwhat maes a stro ommit. he riots o Ast2011 starl illstrate the railit o ma ier it

eihborhoos a have ive a ew re to eorts tobil plaes that a beome thrivi a resiliet. cotiieoomi ertait ol ompos this.

As a atio we are also beomi ireasil aware o qalit o lie as a soial a politial isse.x As the reessiothreates material well-bei aross soial lasses, theovermet’s attempts to measre well-bei sstematialla to se these isihts to iorm poli are showiiteresti reslts, ili or whom, a where, well-beiis lower tha the atioal averae.

eet aalsis b the fe or natioal tatistis (n)

reveals that ooers report the lowest lie satisatio ahihest axiet o all lish reios. uerstai how toboost soial sstaiabilit ol help ooers, a thoseresposible or their hosi, evelop poliies to help thecapital orish.

1.0 What is social sustainability and why does it matter?






e r c e t a g e o f r e s p o

d e t s

r e p o r t i g t h e s e s c o r e s

For hosi proviers, osi o qalit o lie a ommitstreth a eliver real beefts b esri that ewommities maitai their vale over the lo term. t measthat ew hosi evelopmets are more liel to beomesessl plaes, spporti resiets to ope with theireasil omplex soietal haes the uk will aeover the ext eae.xii

govermet plai poli, as artilate i the 2012natioal lai oli Framewor (nF), is ow base

o a presmptio i avor o sstaiable evelopmet. his has alrea triere ebate o what ostittessstaiable evelopmet, beo rret otios o sstaiabilit a evirometal osieratios.

he ‘soial role’ o evelopmet is efe i the nF (p2) as‘spporti stro, vibrat a health ommities, b proviithe sppl o hosi reqire to meet the ees o preset atre eeratios; a b reati a hih qalit bilt eviromet,with aessible loal servies that reet the ommit’sees a spport its health, soial a ltral well-bei’.

As a reslt, whe loal athorities a ommitiesow evalate proposals, the shol be looi beoevirometal impat a seei ew evelopmet

that elivers positive soial otomes.

For evelopers, bei able to show how ew hosi willreate stro ommities is thereore liel to beomeireasil importat. While ma promise to bil ewplaes that will ehae people’s qalit o lie, ew oereviee abot how this a be ahieve. ei able toartilate oheretl what soial sstaiabilit meas, aersta how it a be booste, will ow beome evermore valable.

Gre 1: ell-BeG By eGlSH reG. rST S l exereTl

SBjeTve ell-BeG reSlTS, 2012i

(note: i this raph “low” lie satisatio, sese o eeli worthwhile a reporti bei happ estera are the areate reslts o thosewho sore low or ver low i srves)

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

E n g l a n d

N o r t h E a s t

N o r t h W e s t

Y o r k s h i r e &

t h e H u m b e r

E a s t M i d l a n d s

W e s t M i d l a n d s

E a s t

L o n d o n

S o u t h E a s t

S o u t h W e s t

■Low life satisfaction

■Low score for feeling

worthwhile

■Low score for happy

yesterday

■ Anxious



How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development18 Chapter 2.0


2.0Measuring quality of lifeand the strength of a community

Berkeley denes social sustainability as being

about people’s quality of life, now and in the

future. Social sustainability describes the extent

to which a neighbourhood supports individual

and collective well-being. It combines design of

the physical environment with a focus on how

the people who live in and use a space relate to

each other and function as a community. It is

enhanced by development which provides the

right infrastructure to support a strong social

and cultural life, opportunities for people to

get involved, and scope for the place and the

community to evolve.

he aim o this projet is to reate a pratial a ost-eetive wa o measripeople’s qalit o lie a the streth o ommit, whih a be maistreameaross erele. o ahieve this, a measremet ramewor was evelope,roe i aaemi researh abot soial sstaiabilit a its relatioshipto the bilt eviromet, a eviee rom atioal srves arrie ot bovermet a researh oils abot what is ow to boost qalit o lie

a well-bei i a loal area.

he ators that erpi loal qalit o lie a be ateorise as phsial ao-phsial.xiii

• ‘hsial ators’ ile eet a aorable hosi, aess toopportities, hih qalit pbli servies, oo qalit a sstaiablepbli realm, oo trasport oetios.

• ‘no-phsial ators’ eompass saet, loal soial etwors, soialilsio a spatial iteratio, ltral heritae, a sese o beloia ietit, a well-bei.

he measremet ramewor oraises these ators ito or ore imesios:

soial a ltral lie; voie a iee; ameities a irastrtre; a haei the eihborhoo.



A M E N I T I E

S A

N D

I N F R A S T R U C T U

R E V O I C E A

N D

I N F L U E N C E

S O C I A L A ND CU L T U R A L L I F E

CH I TH

IHBRHTrends over time in houseprices; plus employmentand deprivation measuredin the super output areasadjacent to Berkeley Groupdevelopments.

Public space; schools,playgrounds, provision forteenagers and young people;services for older people;healthcare; transport links;shared spaces that enableneighbours to meet; space

that can be used by localgroups; and whether adevelopment can adaptto meet future residentneeds andaspirations.

Residents’ perceptions oftheir inuence over the widerarea and whether they will getinvolved to tackle problems.The existence of informal groupsand associations that allowpeople to make their views

known, local governancestructures; responsiveness oflocal government to local issues.

How people feel about their neighbourhood;sense of belonging and local identity;relationships between neighbours andlocal social networks; feelings of safety,quality of life and well-being; how people livingin different parts of a neighbourhood relateto each other; how well people from differentbackgrounds co-exist.



Gre 2: r re deSS Sl SSTBlTy

uerpii eah imesio is a set o iiators. iators are iorme b a mber o qestios, raw primaril rompre-existi atioal ata sets or istr assessmet tools.

he wor presete i this report measres three o these imesios: soial a ltral lie; voie a iee; a ameitiesa irastrtre. he orth imesio, hae i the eihborhoo, a be assesse later this ear whe relevat ata romthe 2011 cess beomes available.

et ot overlea is a smmar o how the ramewor was evelope. A ll explaatio o the evelopmet proess is ile

i art wo o the report.





he three ieret imesios o the ramewor (soial a ltral lie, voie a iee, a ameities a irastrtre)are erpie b 13 ieret iiators. tr, the 13 iiators are erpie b 45 ieret qestios.

he iiators or the soial a ltral lie a voie a iee imesios were reate b seleti qestios rom lare-sale atioal atasets that aptre e isses withi these two imesios (atasets se were the uerstai oietrve, the ai art rve, the crime rve or la a Wales, a the citizeship rve). A mber o qestioswere reate or the soial a ltral lie imesio where appropriate qestios i ot alrea exist.

2.1 Creating the framework

TBle 2: Tl SrveyS lded THe lySS

ritish osehol ael rve/uerstai oiet (/u)• stitte or oial a oomi esearh (), 1996 to preset

• 100,000 iivials i 40,000 ritish hosehols

• data se rom 2008-2009 ovatio ael Waves 1-2

ai art ()

• departmet o cltre, eia a port, 2005 to preset

• 14,000 partiipats

• data tae rom 2010-2011 srve

crime rve or la a Wales (ormerl ritish crime rve (c)

• ome fe,1986 to preset



citizeship rve (c)

• departmet or commities a oal govermet, 2001 to 2011 (biaal to 2007, aal 2008 to 2011)







he iiators rom the ameities a irastrtre imesio o the ramewor were reate b seleti qestios romthe ili or ie assessmet tool, rom A (bli rasport Aessibilit evel) assessmets a rom aitioal soreso seoar ata abot resiets’ travel habits. Aitioall, a mber o qestios were reate or this imesio whereappropriate qestios i ot alrea exist.

A ll explaatio o the iiator seletio proess is ile i art wo o the report (see setios 2.1, 2.5 a 2.6).

Selecting the indicators

Gre 3: THe 13 dTrS

Site survey

Residents’ surveywithin development

A M E N

I T

I E S

A N D

I N F R A S T R U

C T U

R E V O I C E A N

D I N

F L U E N C E

S O C I A L A ND CU L T U R A L L I F E

• Provision of communityspace (AI1)

• Transport links (AI2 )

• Place with distinctivecharacter (AI3 )

• Integration with widerneighbourhood (AI4 )

• Accessible street layout (AI5)

• Physical space ondevelopment that isadaptable in

the future (AI6 )

• Perceptions of abilityto inuence local area (VI1)

• Willingness to actto improve area (VI2 )

• Positive local identity (SC1)

• Relationships with neighbours (SC2)

• Well-being (SC3)

• Feelings of safety (SC4 )

• Community facilities (SC5)





he ramewor was teste i or evelopmets: i two etral oo loatios, mpire qare i ermose a mperialWhar i Flham; a also i he amptos i oo’s soth west sbrbs, a kowle Villae, ear ortsmoth i ampshire.

eah o the or sites a resiet srve a site srve were arrie ot. A small mber o otextal iterviews with loalstaeholers (sh as the estate maaer, a ommit represetative or oil ofer) provie aitioal qalitative isihtsto ai iterpretatio o the srve reslts. Frther etails o the resiet srve ili iormatio abot sampli methosa sizes a be o i art wo o the report (setio 3.2).

2.2 Testing the framework

Chelmsford

Southend-on-Sea

Margate

Canterbury

Dover

Folkestone

Hastings

Bournemouth Portsmouth

Southampton

Oxford

BathBristol

Swindon

Gloucester

Cheltenham

NewburyBracknell

Basingstoke Guildford

HighWycombe

Watford

Luton Stevenage

Cambridge

Newmarket

Northampton

Rugby

Bedford

Aylesbury

MiltonKeynes

RoyalTunbridge Wells

Brighton

Ashford

Colchester

Ipswich

Felixstowe

SheernessLondonReading Slough

Knowle Village

The Hamptonsmpire Square

Imperial Wharf





he reslts o the resiet srves were behmare aaisteo-emoraphi lassifatios. he fe o natioaltatistis tpt Area classifatio (Ac) was se orqestios tae rom uerstai oiet a ai artsrves, a the ex o ltiple deprivatio (d) or thecrime rve or la a Wales a the citizeshipsrve. his eable s to ompare the resposes o peoplelivi o erele evelopmets to the averaes that wolbe expete or people rom omparable soial rops iomparable areas.

he ierees betwee the atal a expete sores were

sbjete to statistial testi. hese reslts were the se topoplate the ‘voie a iee’ a ‘soial a ltral lie’imesios o the ramewor. hese behmars are reerreto as the “behmars or omparable plaes” (see art 2,setio 2.3 or more etail).

ores were also behmare aaist oo a atioalomparative ata a teste or statistial siifae.

he oriial itetio was to ompare the fis to loalathorit behmars as well, bt ata ostraits maethis impossible (see setio 4.6 or more etail o this).

A small mber o qestios erpii the soial a

ltral lie imesio were reate speifall or theramewor. hese flle aps where there were o qestiosrom atioal srves. these ases, it was ot possible tobehmar the reslts o these qestios, so a sore waseerate b ompari reslts aross the or sites.

he reslts or the ‘ameities a irastrtre’ imesio o the ramewor were base o the site srve, whih ollowethe strtre a sori sstem o the oriial ili or iesrve, a a ombiatio o A sores a assessmets o seoar ata abot resiets’ travel patters a trasportprovisio o the evelopmets.

he perormae o the or evelopmets was rate aaistthe ieret iiators a a Ag (re-ellow-ree) atisstem reate to provie a simple raphi represetatioo the reslts. he Ag ati sstem was aopte or tworeasos: to preset the reslts i a orm that is pratial ameail or ieret aiees; a seol to eablepresetatio o a rae o resposes rather tha a sile soialsstaiabilit ‘sore’.

ore etail abot the approah to sori the ieret atasores is i art 2 o this report, setio 2.8.

Ag atis were ostrte to reet the reslts romieret ata sores, where ree iiates a positive reslt,hiher or better tha wol be expete; ellow a satisatorreslt i lie with omparable areas, a re a eativerespose, lower tha wol be expete.

• For qestios i the resiets’ srve that reet atioalatasets, Ag atis were base o the statistialsiifae testi o the ieree betwee atala expete reslts. hs, re = statistiall siifatresposes below the behmar or omparableareas; ellow = resposes the same as or similar to

the behmar or omparable areas or where therespose was ot statistiall siifat; aree = statistiall siifat resposes abovethe behmar or omparable areas.

• For the resiets’ srve resposes to qestiosreate or the ramewor where o behmar exists,ree = better respose tha averae o the orevelopmets, ellow = averae respose, re = poorertha averae respose.

• he site srve ata was Ag ate o a similar basis,si resposes expete i a ili or ie srve

to similar qestios.

• A ata was se to provie a sore or the trasportlis iiator or mpire qare a mperial Whar. Ais a metho o allati the istae rom a poit tothe earest pbli trasport stop, a servie reqeat those stops. he reslt is a rae rom 1–6 (ilisb-ivisios 1a, 1b, 6a a 6b), where a A o 1aiiates extremel poor aess to the loatio b pblitrasport, a a A o 6b iiates exellet aessb pbli trasport.

• A A sore was ot available or kowle Villae so

a alterative metho was se base o aalsis o seoar ata abot resiets’ travel patters atrasport provisio. his approah was se isteao A or kowle Villae a he amptos.

2.3 Analysing the results



How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development24


This section sets out the ndings of work to test the measurement

framework on four Berkeley developments. The ndings are organised

in two sections: rst, the results of the framework assessments on the four

test sites; and second, implications and lessons from testing the framework.

The measurement framework was tested on four Berkeley developments:

Empire Square, The Hamptons, Imperial Wharf, and Knowle Village.

he iiators or the soial a ltral lie a voie a iee imesios were reate b seleti qestios romlare-sale atioal atasets that aptre e isses withi these two imesios (atasets se were the uerstaioiet rve, the ai art rve, the crime rve or la a Wales, a the citizeship rve). A mber o qestios were reate or the soial a ltral lie imesio where appropriate qestios i ot alrea exist.

3.0Social sustainabilityframework assessments

TBle 3: THe r TeST STeS

name o evelopmet polo Where rie esriptio lai oset completio

mpire Square urba oo oroho othwar, sothoo. er it.

Former warehosesite, 567 homes, 30%aorable

eptember 2002 April 2007

The Hamptons brbawellis

oo oroh o tto, soth westoo. brbs.

Former sewaewors, 645 homes,33% aorable

tlie rate ideember 2002. Fialhase osete ieptember 2009

April 2012

Imperial Wharf eeeratio oo oroho ammersmith aFlham. er it.

Former as wors,1,428 homes, 47%aorable

tlie permissiorate i 2000

2013

Knowle Village ral/ semi-rral

Wihester citcoil area,ampshire. ral.

Former hospital ormetall ill, 701 homes,31% aorable

tober 2003 Jl 2010

esti the ramewor establishe that resiets i three o the or ew hosi evelopmets report more positive resposesompare to the behmars or omparable plaes o the ‘eelis o saet’ iiator. esiets report reater eelis o saet wali aloe ri the a a at iht a eel that rime i their eihborhoo ompares avorabl to other areas. 2

2With the exeptio o kowle Villae where resiets report positive resposes o eelis o saet bt also report eeli that rime i the area is hiher tha the otr overall.

3.1 Comparative ndings

he resiets’ srve also reveale that:

• They feel they belong – resiets report hiher rates o eeli lie the belo to the eihborhoo.

• They regularly talk to their neighbours – resietsreport hiher rates o relarl tali to their eihbors.

• They plan to stay in the community – the reporthiher rates o itetio to remai resiet i theeihborhoo.

he srve also o that resiets o the or evelopmetsreport less positive resposes o two qestios:

• They report feeling less like they are playing

a useful part in things.

• They are less likely to feel that people pull

together to improve the neighbourhood.





empi Squa

mpia haf

Th Hamptons

know viag





Gre 5: rG rTG: ere Sre

Gre 6: rG rTG: THe HTS

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e

C o m m u n i t y f a c i l i t i e s

F e e l i ng s o f sa f e t y

W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out

L o c a l i n t e g r a t i o n

D i s t i n c t i v e c h a r a c t e r

T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s

C o m m u n i t y s p

a c e

A M E

N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A L

I N F R A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L A N D C

U L T U R A

L L I F E

V O I C E A ND IN F L U E N C E

■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E N I

T I

E S

A N D

S O C I A L

I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative





Gre 7: rG rTG erl Hr

Gre 8: rG rTG kle vllGe

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E

N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A L

I N F R A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E N I

T I

E S

A N D

S O C I A L

I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative





Overall, ndings from the two inner

city developments show a similar

pattern. Residents report higher

levels of feeling like they belong and

higher rates of intending to stay in

the neighbourhood when compared

to the benchmarks for comparable

places and compared to the two other

developments in this study outside

of inner city London.

mperial Whar reports the hihest levels o eihborliesso the or evelopmets, ollowe b mpire qare.

esiets o kowle Villae report eelis o saet that areo ieret rom the behmar or omparable plaes btpereive levels o rime i the loal area to be hiher tha ithe otr as a whole.

Safety

mpire qare, mperial Whar a he amptos were allive positive ratis or the eelis o saet iiator.

he erli ata shows siifatl hiher eelis o saet tha wol be expete or the behmars oromparable plaes. he resposes rom resiets o mpireqare a mperial Whar are o partilar iterest. he showhiher eelis o saet a lower pereptios o rime thaboth the behmars or omparable plaes a the othertwo o ier-it evelopmets. his hallees poplarstereotpes abot the pereive saet o low-esit sbrbaommities ompare to hih-esit rba ommities.

mpire qare a mperial Whar also report hiher rateso eihborl behavior tha the other two evelopmets.

his mirrors a fi rom other aaemi researh looiat the relatioship betwee soial apital, ear o rime apbli saet at eihborhoo level.xiv

TBle 4: eSTS THe eelGS

SeTy dTr

3.2 Social and cultural life

How safe do you feel walking alone in this area

after dark?

How safe do you feel walking alone in this area during

the day?

Compared to the country as a whole do you think

the level of crime in your local area is...





Well-being

he fe or natioal tatistis, ollowi a poli iretioset ot b the rime iister ater the 2012 eletio, is pttiosierable os o the measremet o the atio’swell-bei. he n is si or qestios to explore ieretaspets o well-bei: ‘overall, how satisfe are o with orlie owaas?’, ‘overall, to what extet o o thi the thiso o i or lie are worthwhile?’, ‘overall, how happ io eel estera?’, a ‘overall, how axios i o eelestera?’.xv

here were axieties abot the prospet o iterviewers,wori o behal o a propert eveloper, asi sh apersoal set o qestios. aitio, the atioal srve atase to behmar fis pre-ate the n’ well-beireports a i ot otai this set o qestios. For thisreaso, a alterative set o qestios was ase, si thewell-establishe lie satisatio qestioxvi a three othersthat omplemete the other resiets’ srve qestios.

esiets o mpire qare a mperial Whar reportehiher rates o eeli lie the were plai a sel part ithis tha resiets o he amptos, a slihtl hihertha respoets rom kowle Villae, bt the same orsimilar rates to the behmar or omparable areas.

esiets o he amptos a kowle Villae reportelower levels o satisatio with their loal area as a plae tolive tha behmars o omparable plaes.

esposes to the questios o lie satisatio were ot

statistially sigifat at the level o the idividual developmets,

meaig that either resposes were i lie with the behmar

or omparable areas or the sample was too small.

verall, the se o this ombiatio o well-bei iiators isa sel part o the ramewor. A reommeatio or treresiets’ srves is to se the n’ or well-bei qestiosow bei extesivel se i atioal srves.

his is a omplex area a more wor is eee to erstathe relatioship betwee overall lie satisatio a satisatiowith the loal area. Above all, there is a ee to erstahow ieret variables sh as ae, ethiit, hosi tereor emplomet stats, are relate to loal qalit o lie a thestreth o a ommit.

TBle 5: eSTS THe ell-BeG dTr

Have you recently felt that you were playing a useful

part in things?

Have you been feeling reasonably happy?

How dissatised or satised are you with life overall?

verall, how satised or dissatised are you with your

local area as a place to live?





A comparison of the RAG Ratings for the four developments suggests that

more could be done to provide residents with opportunities to inuence

decision-making and to encourage their participation in these processes.

Willingness to act Ability to inuence

verall, residets o mpire quare ad kowle Village report

the highest levels o willigess to at ompared to their

behmars or omparable plaes. kowle Village residets

report partiularly high levels o tryig to get somethig doe

about the loal eviromet, whih reets the ativities o

residets desribed i the otextual iterviews. esidets

o he amptos report sigifatly lower rates o willigess

to at.

esiets o kowle Villae report hiher rates o ativeommit eaemet ompare to the other threeevelopmets. he were more liel to have joie orattee a eihborhoo orm, otate a oillor, or the oil, attee a meeti, or oraise a petitio.

he esribe ampais or ommit ailities a resietativism i oppositio to a plae earb evelopmet.

esiets o mpire qare a mperial Whar report hiherpereptios o their abilit to iee ompare to thebehmars or omparable plaes.

esposes rom resiets o mperial Whar a mpire qareor the rates o ative ommit eaemet were statistiallisiifat. t resiets i both evelopmets reporte thehihest rates o osltatio ativit, with a variet o aeiesapproahi resiets or their views.

TBle 6: eSTS THe llGeSS

T T dTr

TBle 7: eSTS THe BlTy

T lee T T dTr

3.3 Voice and inuence

I would be willing to work together with others onsomething to improve my neighbourhood.

In the last 12 months, have you taken any of the

following actions to try to get something done about

the quality of your local environment?

To what extent do you agree or disagree that people

in this neighbourhood pull together to improve

this neighbourhood?

In the last 12 months, has any organisation asked youwhat you think about...

o you agree or disagree that you can inuence

decisions affecting you local area?

How important is it for you personally to feel that you

can inuence decisions affecting your local area?





A comparison of the RAG Ratings

shows three out of the four

developments generating positive,

or above average, assessments for

at least four of the six indicators

related to provision of amenities and

social infrastructure. The Hamptons

receives the most favourable

assessment with a positive rating

for ve out of the six indicators.

Empire Square also had positive

rating on ve indicators, but one

negative rating. Imperial Wharf

rated positively for four out of the

six indicators. Knowle Village

received a satisfactory assessment

on these indicators, which means it

delivers the expected standard for

the industry.

his set o iiators iles qestios abot the qalita esi o pbli spae a provisio o ommitailities. he also ile qestios abot iteratio,reerri both to iteratio o ieret hosi tereswithi the evelopmet, a iteratio with the wiereihborhoo.

he iiators – ommit spae, istitive harater,loal iteratio a street laot – reet the ore bsiesso resietial a mixe-se propert evelopers, i reatihih qalit a well esie plaes. kowle Villae, whih

perorme less well overall aaist the ameities a soialirastrtre iiators, reeive plai oset beorethe itrotio to stattor a voltar iitiatives shas lai oli tatemet 3, ili or ie ramewor,a the staiable commities la. r fis olemostrate the sessl impat o these staars oimprovi the phsial esi o ew hosi evelopmetsover the past 10 ears.

his iiator aptres iormatio abot the appropriatea timel provisio o ommit spae a ailities.

mpire qare, mperial Whar a he amptosreeive positive assessmets or ommit spae.

kowle Villae reeive a satisator assessmet orommit spae. he evelopmet ow iles a raeo ommit ailities, ili a ew ommit etre,villae ree, ootball a riet pithes, mlti-se amesarea, several plaros, a ommit shop, wie bar abeat salo, bt reeives ol a satisator rati beaseo problems with the oriial ommit etre provie i aoverte hapel, a bease the riet a ootball pithhave ol reetl bee provie. esiets le a ampaior a ew ommit hall. his has sie bee bilt atraserre to the commit ilis Assoiatio, aresiets’ rop tase with maai the site.

Community space

TBle 8: eSTS THe Ty Se

dTr

3.4 Amenities and infrastructure

oes the development provide (or is it close to)

community facilities, such as a school, parks,

play areas, shops, pubs or cafés?

Have the community facilities been

appropriately provided?

Is public space well designed and does it have

suitable management arrangements in place?





3.4 Amenities and infrastructure

he amptos reeive a positive rati or the aaptablespae iiator. kowle Villae was rate satisator.mpire qare a mperial Whar reeive wea ratis.

he aaptable spae iiator iles a assessmet o the exibilit o iteral a exteral spaes i the evelopmet.

Aaemi a applie researh abot soial sstaiabilit hasrepeatel ietife the importae o this. pratial terms,it a be iterprete i a mber o was:

• the provisio o homes that a be aapte toaommoate hai hosehol orms over time.

• pbli spaes that a be aapte or ieret sesas the ommit haes, or example, pla spae

that ol evolve i the averae ae o hilre shits.

• spae a exibilit withi overae a eisio-mai strtres or resiets to shape eisiosthat aet the area.

owever, the hosebili istr tes to spei atihtl efe the se o spae, both iteral a exteral.

here is also a pereptio that the frst resiets o a ewevelopmet ma ot wat the resposibilit o shapihow the plae evolves, or the experiee o movi itoa evelopmet that miht appear fishe.

here are a growig umber o iovative ideas ad examples

o good pratie that ould mitigate these oers.

For example, the ‘meawhile’ use o ommuity or ope

spae as demostrated by the pop-up ad temporary projets

reated by orgaisatios suh as pae aers Agey ad

eawhile pae cc; or establishig stewardship utios,

goverae strutures, or asset maagemet vehiles that

a be traserred to the ommuity, as i kowle Village.

his isse o aaptabilit a exibilit warrats moreivestiatio to better ersta what is pratial,appropriate a aorable i ieret irmstaes.

mpire qare reeive a positive assessmet or trasportlis reeti its etral loatio a proximit to a tbestatio, mltiple bs rotes a a mailie trai statio.mperial Whar, he amptos a kowle Villae reeivesatisator ratis.

For he amptos, the aitioal sores o ata ile“Does car ownership increase car use? A study of the use of

car parking within residential schemes in London”.xvii his report

ile ata rom two srves o the travel habits o peoplelivi i the evelopmet. he srves explore emplometloatios a travel to wor patters, shoppi behaviorsa travel patters, a attites to ieret tpes o trasportili wali, li, ar lbs a pbli trasport.For kowle Villae the aitioal ata sores ileiormatio abot traf a trasport provisio aivestmets.

Adaptable space

Transport links

TBle 9: eSTS THe dTBle Se dTr

TBle 10: THe TrSrT lkS dTr

o external spaces and layout allow for adaption,

conversion or extension?

o internal spaces and layout allow for adaption,

conversion or extension?

This indicator uses the PTL score for mpire Square

and Imperial Wharf.

For The Hamptons and Knowle Village the R Rating

is based on an assessment of secondary data about

resident travel patterns and transport provision. Six

questions were created, assessing public transport

provision, other transport provision, car use and car

parking, and scored in the same way as the other site

survey questions.





3.5 Tenure analysis

A wealth o primar ata has bee eerate b the resietsrves. t is ot i the sope or timesale o this projet toarr ot a ll aalsis o the ataset, althoh this wor wolreveal valable isihts abot how ieret variables ieeqalit o lie a ommit streth.

We have arrie ot a rapi review o the ata osi o theimpat o hosi tere o some o the erli tres.osi tere was selete bease the ieret hosioptios oere to resiets o ieret teres emere as asaliet isse i otextal iterviews. We aalse the resltso the qestios whih were most iiative o the atreo relatioships betwee ieret soial rops a peoplelivi i hosi o ieret tere, ili “to what exteto o aree or isaree that this loal area is a plae wherepeople rom ieret baros et o well toether”, “ eellie belo to this eihborhoo”, a “to what extet oo aree or isaree that people i this eihborhoo plltoether to improve the eihborhoo”.

all the or sites, aorable hosi, rai rom soialhosi or ret to varios tpes o sbsiise home owership(share owership, ome, new a disot aretale homes) was loate i ieret parts o the evelopmetto the privatel owe hosi. As well as bei maae amaitaie er ieret arraemets, aorable hosiwas ote visall ieret rom the private hosi.

three o the or evelopmets (kowle Villae, mperialWhar a he amptos) resiets livi i aorable hosireporte weaer eelis o beloi to the eihborhootha private owers a reters. owever, i mpire qareresiets livi i aorable hosi reporte a stroersese o beloi.

wer-opiers a resiets livi i aorable hosireporte broal similar resposes to the qestios aalse.esiets o the amptos showe most iveree o viewsabot people rom ieret baros etti alo, wheresposes rom ower-opiers a aorable hositeats were ompare.





3.6 Quality of life from the residents’ perspective

Gre 9: HT TrS BT lvG yr eGHBrHd TrBTe ST

T yr lTy le? verll rkGS rSS ll r develeTS.

As part of the residents’ survey, respondents were asked to

identify which three factors about living in their neighbourhood

contribute most to their quality of life.

Overall, the responses from all four sites combined show the

following factors to be most important.

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 n

u m b e r o f r e s p o d e t s

I t ’ s g e n e r a l l y q u i e t

G r e e n / o p e n s p a c e s

I t ’ s g e n e r a l l y s a f e

P u b l i c t r a n s p o r t l i n k s

M y n e i g h b o u r s

■Number of respondents

across all four sites





Gre 10: HT TrS BT lvG yr

eGHBrHd TrBTe ST T yr

lTy le? THree ST rTT TrS

r kle vllGe d THe HTS.

Gre 11: HT TrS BT lvG yr

eGHBrHd TrBTe ST T yr

lTy le? ST rTT TrS r

ere Sre d erl Hr BSed

Ber reSSeS.

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

50

40

30

20

10

0

esiets o he amptos a kowle Villae ietife thesame three ators as otribti most to their qalit o lie:qietess, ree a ope spaes, a saet (see fre 10or respose rates).

The Hamptons and Knowle Village

esiets o mpire qare a mperial Whar ietife abroaer rae o ators as bei importat.

Empire Square and Imperial Wharf

n


n


A m e n i t i e s i n g e n e r a l


G r e e n / o p e n s p a c e s


L o c a l h i g h s t r e e t / s h o p s

L o w c r i m e




■Imperial Wharf

■Empire Square

■Knowle Village

■The Hamptons









4.0 The results by site

Respondents’ prole

4.1 Empire Square

55% o those iterviewe o mpire qare are male. 40%o respoets live i two perso hosehols. 15% livealoe, 19% live i three perso hosehols a 16% live i orperso hosehols. he sample also iles a small mbero people livi i with seve a eiht opats.

50% o respoets live i homes with two berooms. theremaii iterviewees 21% live i oe beroom a 26% livei three beroom hosehols. 3% o iterviewees live i orberoom homes.

he ae istribtio o those iterviewe is sprea betwee 20a 74. espoets o mpire qare are oer tha oother evelopmets, with more tha hal er 40.

60% o households have o hildre, with 19% housig oe hild.

he remaiig rage o respodets is split betwee two (11%),

three (6%), our (4%) ad six (less tha 1%) hildre households.

A broa mix o ethi rops was represete i the sampleor mpire qare. 37% o those iterviewe esribe

themselves as White ritish, with 18% Aria, 7% ther Whitebaro, a 9% caribbea or White a la caribbea.ther ethi rops mae p 27% o iterviewees.

hese ile people who esribe themselves as rish,ia, aistai, alaeshi, chiese, other Asia aother la baros.

57% o iterviewees are i ll time pai emplomet a 11%are sel-emploe. noe o the remaii ateories represetmore tha 10% o the sample size.

Gre 12: rG rTG ere Sre

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b l e s p a

c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s

C o m m u n i t y

s p

a c e

A M E N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A

L I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L A N D C

U L T U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative





4.1 Empire Square

Residents’ survey

mpire qare has positive ratis i the “soial a ltrallie” imesio or loal ietit, lis with eihbors,eelis o saet, a ommit ailities iiators.

he evelopmet reeive a satisator rati or thewell-bei iiator.

mpire qare resiets report hih rates o eeli saewali aloe i the area ri the a a at iht wheompare to the behmar or omparable areas.

esiets o mpire qare reporte siifatl hiher rateso itetio to remai i the eihborhoo, beloi to theeihborhoo a tali to eihbors tha the behmar or omparable plaes.

the “voie a iee” imesio, mpire qarereeive a positive sore or the williess to at a abilitto iee iiators, with resiets hihlihti a strobelie i their apait to aet eisios i the loal area athe importae the pt o bei able to iee eisiosi the loal area. he mber o people who report havi

joie or attee a eihborhoo orm or attee aprotest meeti or joie a ampai rop, helpe oraisea petitio or otate the oil or loal meia is also

hiher tha or omparable areas.





Site survey & other pre-occupancy data

Gre 13: ere Sre STe Srvey reSlTS

Framework

Component

Indicator

Sub-roupScore

Provision of community space 3/3

Transport links (PTAL) 6/6

Place with distinctive character 1/1

Integration with wider neighbourhood 3/3

Accessible and safe street layout 5/5

Physical space in development that

is adaptable in the future

0.5/2

menities andInfrastructure

verall, mpire qare reeive a avorable assessmet ithe site srve a A sore, reeivi positive ratis orfve ot o the six iiators (see fre 13).

t was esribe as bei well iterate with the wiereihborhoo, with a aessible street laot, appropriatelprovie ommit ailities, a a istitive loal harater.

he oe satisator sore o the site srve omes oto oers that the site has little potetial or aaptabiliti the tre.

here are two isses to osier here i relatio toaaptabilit a exibilit o spae. e is the exibilit o pbli or ope spaes i the evelopmet a the potetialor resiets to shape how these a be se i the tre,a the seo is the aaptabilit o iteral spae. thease o mpire qare, there is limite sope or exibilit oraaptabilit i either iteral or exteral spae. part, thisis a ievitable reslt o its hih esit a lose proximitto other bilis, bt it also reets a approah tae to

maaemet o the pbli realm.



40 Chapter 4.0



Open-ended question

mpire qare, the fve most reqetl ietife ators reporte b resiets as otribti to their qalit o lie were thepbli trasport lis, loal ameities, saet, its etral loatio, a lealiess.

4.1 Empire Square

Gre 14: rG rTG ere Sre

5045

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0


L o c a l a m e n i t i e s i n g e n e r a l


C e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d / w e l l l o c a t e d

T h e l e v e l o f c l e a n l i n e s s


T h e g r e e n / o p e n s p a c e s


T

h e h i g h s t r e e t / l o c a l s h o p s

L o c a l t o w o r k

■Number of

respondents





Tenure analysis

he aalsis o e qestios b tere reveale thatresiets rom ieret teres livi i mpire qare haa broal similar patter o resposes. he ol siifatierees were that:

• esiets livi i aorable hosi reporte a stroersese o beloi that those owi or reti theirhose privatel.

• Aorable hosi resiets aree less strol that

the loal area was a plae where people rom ieretbaros et o well toether, tha the privateowers a reters.

Contextual interviews

Althoh there is little eviee o a stro sese o shareietit lie speifall to the evelopmet, resiets plaevale o broaer phsial a emotioal oetios to thewier area. he eerall esribe themselves as otetwith lie o mpire qare. esiets who ite or aspire toremai livi o the evelopmet te to plae more vale othe soial spport that loal relatioships provie.

he iterviews reveale that some resiets have experieeiflties as a reslt o iveret expetatios a liestles,partilarl betwee ieret teat rops, e worers, ashort-term let opats.

Tenant groups:

arli Apartmets ows a mber o properties at mpireqare whih are available or short-term lets. his hasase some isrptios or permaet resiets who havebee aete b the behaviors o visitors ( ili oiselevels a amae o propert) with little or o stae i thearea as a plae to live.

espoets also mae a lear istitio betwee thebehaviors a expetatios o hosi assoiatio teats –the majorit o whom have bee reloate to mpire qarerom establishe loal ommities a are ow more ativea eae with their eihbors - a those o privateowers a reters - who te to have a more trasietoetio with the area a other resiets.

Local identity:

esiets eerall ieti themselves as part o a broaerommit, base aro othwar or ermose rathertha mpire qare. he evelopmet is larel reare as apleasat eviromet, bt respoets plae a mh reateremphasis o the opportities it provies to op a explore

srroi areas where most o their soial lie taes plae.

Shared space/activities:

he etral otoor area is well se b resiets ao-resiets bt there have bee some isses aromaaemet arraemets. he site is tihtl relate, withrles i plae to prevet isrptio or those livi iretlalosie the share pbli spae. hese rles have provepoplar with some ihabitats, partilarl those with ohilre, a isareemets have arise betwee resietswith ieret ieas abot how the area shol be se.

Althoh some loal ameities were provie as part o the evelopmet (ili a m a rser), these areot se b ma mpire qare resiets. espoetsietife rstratio amo resiets – partilarl aorableteats – abot the osts assoiate with si the servies.

Physical connections:

espoets hihlihte the importae o their etralloatio a loal trasport lis i oeti resiets tothe ailities (wor, leisre, health) a soial strtres (amil,ries, olleaes) that the vale.










4.2 The Hamptons

A siifat majorit o those iterviewe o he amptoswere emale (more tha 65%). espoets rom or persohosehols mae p the larest rop i the sample (30%).12% live aloe, 26% live i a two perso hosehol, 22%i a three perso hosehol, a 8% live i a fve persohosehol. he remaii 2% op homes with six orseve ihabitats.

36% o iterviewees live i three beroom properties, withopats i two or or be hosehols the ext larest

ateories (22% a 24% respetivel). 12% ihabit oeberoom homes a the remaii 6% o respoetslive i fve beroom properties.

ore tha hal o respoets have hilre. wo hilrehosehols mae p 28% o those ase, 15% have oehil a 9% have three.

he ae istribtio o iterviewees is sprea betwee 18 a90. he majorit o respoets are betwee 27 a 47.

he siifat majorit (over 70%) esribe themselves asWhite ritish. 6% esribe themselves as ther White, 3%

Aria, 3% caribbea or la a White caribbea. heremaii 16% ile White a la Aria resiets,ia, aistai a chiese resiets.

47% o those iterviewe are i pai emplomet a 10%

sel-emploe a 8% emploe. 10% o itervieweesare retire. he amptos has the larest rop o resietswho ite amil are or home i relatio to their rretemplomet – 15% ompare to 10% i kowle Villae, 4% impire qare a oe i mperial Whar. 5% are lo-termsi or isable.

Gre 15: rG rTG THe HTS

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E

N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A

L I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative





4.2 The Hamptons

Residents’ survey

the “soial a ltral lie” imesio, he amptosreeives a avorable rati or the eelis o saet iiator.

As with mpire qare a mperial Whar, resiets o he amptos report hih levels o saet ri the aa ater ar, whe ompare to the behmars oromparable areas.

verall, he amptos reeives a ellow rati or the liswith eihbors iiator, with resposes to ol oe o the six qestios bei statistiall siifat. owever, theotextal iterviews reveal iteresti fis abot positiveexperiees o ver loal (e street-level) eihborliess(see 3.3.8).

esiets o he amptos report lower tha averaeresposes o the well-bei iiator qestios ompareto the behmar or omparable areas. Althoh two o the or qestios eei ito the iiator are otstatistiall siifat (whih i this ase meas the are otsiifatl ieret rom the behmar or omparableareas) the two remaii qestios (“satisatio withloal area as a plae to live” a “people pll toether toimprove the eihborhoo”) are below the behmar oromparable areas.

the “voie a iee” imesio, the williess toat iiator also ahieves a re sore. his rati reetsresposes that are siifatl lower tha the behmar oromparable areas or the ollowi qestio eople i thiseihborhoo pll toether to improve the area.


he amptos reeives positive ratis i ever iiatoro the site srve, with the exeptio o trasport lis,

where it ahieves a satisator sore. partilar, the loalommit ailities a share pbli spae were praise,as was the ilsive atre o loal lbs (partilarl orhilre) a attempts to ailitate pbli osltatios.

ulie mpire qare, he amptos was reare asa evelopmet with the apait to aapt to respo tohai loal priorities a ees. he lare lasaperee spae i the etre o the evelopmet, whih isse wiel b ieret rops o resiets a rom thesrroi eihborhoos, was ietife b the sitesrveor as a priipal reaso or awari a positive sorei this area.





Gre 16: THe HTS STe Srvey reSlTS

Framework

Component

Indicator

Sub-roupScore


Transport links (PTAL and travel patterns survey data) 3/5


Integration with wider neighbourhood 3/3

Accessible and safe street layout 4.5/5



1.5/2




46 Chapter 4.0



Open-ended question

he amptos, the fve most reqetl ietife ators see b resiets as otribti to their qalit o lie were theree a ope spaes, the qietess, saet, eihbors, a pbli trasport lis.

4.2 The Hamptons

Gre 17: e-eded eST – ST reSSeS

60

50

40

30

20

10

0






S u i t a b i l i t y f o r c h i l d r e n

T h e s c h o o l s


T h e l o c a l e n v i r o n m e n t

L o c a l a m e n i t i e s i n g e n e r a l

■Number of

respondents





Tenure analysis

he ieree i the reporte experiee o aorablehosi resiets a private owers a reters wasmore mare i he amptos tha i the other three sites.

Aorable hosi resiets appear to be less positive abotrelatioships betwee ieret rops tha private owersa reters.

• Fewer resiets livi i aorable hosi reporte astro sese o beloi tha those owi or retitheir hose privatel.

• he mber o aorable hosi resiets areei thatthe loal area was a plae where people rom ieretbaros et o well toether was ewer tha theprivate owers a reters, with a siifat miorit“efitel isareei” with this statemet.

• Aorable hosi resiets were less liel to aree thatpeople i the eihborhoo plle toether to improvethe eihborhoo tha private owers a reters.


esiets vale the qalit o their loal eviromet athe opportities that it provies. ome resiets haveexperiee isses relati to the behavior o some oerihabitats; a the spatial separatio o aorable aprivatel owe a rete homes has ase some eeliso resetmet. despite this, respoets also hihliht theexistee o poets o ommit ativit bilt aroshare iterests a spatial areas, partilarl streets al-e-sas.

Local identity:

espoets seste that resiets eerall efetheir loal ietit as street-base rather tha relati to

he amptos as a whole. this otext, some ropso eihbors have bilt positive relatioships with oeaother (“we alwas sa ‘hello’”). hese relatioships wereesribe as bei base o a “mtal sese o omortableo-existee” a reet the i o soial ties that aresometimes esribe as latet soial apital.


ome areas o the evelopmet are opie a se ba broa ross-setio o resiets. he lare ree spaearo whih the hosi its are arrae is ver wellse a appreiate. A o-site fsher has reetl beestarte with the ivolvemet o resiets rom aross thetere spetrm. he etral ommit ailit is also shareb a mix o amptos resiets (partilarl amilies witho hilre), a plas host to a mber o loal rops.


here is a sstaiable trasport pla a ar-share sheme.owever, resiets have reporte o-oi isses aroa la o pari spaes.










4.3 Imperial Wharf

he majorit o respoets o mperial Whar were male(56%). 43% live i two perso hosehols, 25% are livi ithree perso hosehols, 24% live i a or perso hosehola 8% live i a hosehol with more tha fve ihabitats.

40% o those iterviewe live i a hosehol with twoberooms, with opats o three a or be homesthe ext larest ateories (30% a 26% respetivel).

he remaii 4% respoets were split evel betweeoe a fve beroom hosehols. imilar to mpire qare,

62% o these hosehols o ot have a hilre iresiee. 15% have oe hil, 19% have two hilre,a 4% have three hilre.

he ae istribtio o iterviewees is airl evel spreabetwee 21 a 71, bt with a isproportioatel hih mberae betwee thirt a ft. 33% o respoets esribethemselves as White ritish, 26% la Aria, 18% Whitea la Aria, 3% ther White, 3% caribbea or la a White caribbea, a other ethiities mae p 16%o the sample.

77% are i pai emplomet a 4% are sel-emploe.10% are i ll time eatio with ol ver small proportios

o retire (4%) a emploe (2%).

Gre 18: rG rTG erl Hr

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E

N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A

L I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative





4.3 Imperial Wharf

Residents’ survey

mperial Whar sore positivel or or iiators i the“soial a ltral lie” imesio o the Ag ati wheel.

As with mpire qare, resiets reporte positive eeliso saet o the evelopmet ri the a a at iht,as well as a oo sese o loal ietit, a a hih ereeo satisatio with loal ailities, er the “ommitailities” iiator. verall, resiets o mperial Whar reporte siifatl hiher rates o eihborliess thathe behmar or omparable areas.

mperial Whar a mpire qare, both ier-itevelopmets, report striil similar reslts or eeliso saet a or qestios abot relarl tali witheihbors, seei avie rom eihbors, a borrowithis or exhai avors with eihbors.

Qestios abot resiets’ well-bei eerate a ellowsatisator rati bease the showe ver little eviatiorom the behmar or omparable areas.

irrori reslts o mpire qare, resposes i the “voiea iee” imesio poit to positive eelis abotthe abilit to iee eisios aeti the loal area,

a satisator reslts i relatio to “williess to at”.

esiets o mperial Whar report lower resposes o amber o qestios that mae p the “williess to at”iiator, speifall with rear to tai loal atio.

Althoh these reslts are ot siifat whe ompareto the behmar, the illstrate a ieret patter to theother three evelopmets.


mperial Whar reeive avorable ratis or or o thesix iiators i this imesio o the ramewor. heevelopmet was aware partilarl hih ratis orthe ollowi iiators: aessible street laot, aesi a istitive harater.

he site srve ata eerate oe satisator ratior the aaptable spae iiator. As with mpire qare,the other ier it evelopmet, the site srve reportelimite exibilit a aaptabilit to respo to loal eesa tre haes. t eerate a ellow, satisatorrati or trasport lis.





Gre 19: erl Hr STe Srvey reSlTS

Framework

Component

Indicator

Sub-roupScore


Transport links (PTAL) 3/6


Integration with wider neighbourhood 2.5/3




0.5/2





52 Chapter 4.0 How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development

Open-ended question

mperial Whar, the fve most reqetl ietife ators see b resiets as otribti to their qalit o lie were thesaet, low rime rate, the loal shops, eihbors, a lealiess o the area.

4.3 Imperial Wharf


35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0


L o w c r i m e r a t e

T

h e h i g h s t r e e t / l o c a l s h o p s




T h e p e o p l e

T h e l o c a l e n v i r o n m e n t



■Number of

respondents





Tenure analysis

he aalsis o e qestios b tere showe that ieretteres ave a broal similar patter o resposes, althoha low respose rates rom resiets livi i aorablehosi limite the aalsis.

• esiets livi i aorable hosi were less lielto strol aree that the elt the beloe i theeihborhoo tha private owers a reters.

• Aorable hosi resiets, however, were more

strol i areemet with the statemet that theloal area was a plae where people rom ieretbaros et o well toether, tha the privateowers a reters.


he iterviews reveale a mber o similarities betwee theexperiee o resiets o mperial Whar a mpire qare,althoh the maiest themselves i ieret was.

Aorable opats were ietife as plai a reateremphasis o loal relatioships whe ompare to other

teat rops. espoets also hihlihte the impato empt its, mail se as seo homes, o theexperiee o permaet resiets, a the la o ativeommit eaemet ativities to oet ropsaross the site.

despite these observatios, respoets eerallseste that most people seem satisfe with their lieo the evelopmet. For a mber o resiets, partilarlprivate reters, motivatios or movi oto the site wereoveiee o aess a esi qalit, rather thaommit etwors or soial spports.

.

Tenant groups:

osi assoiatio resiets were esribe as moreoete to their eihbors tha private owers areters. espoets also seste that ormal ommitetwors (sh as resiet rops) were priipall se amaae b soial teats. For private owers a retersa mber o the tpial tios a soial spports thata thrivi ommit wol provie – or example resolviloal isptes, looi ater spare es, reommeitraespeople – are lflle b the “partilarl ative” estate

maaemet team.hoi some o the hallees eotere o mpireqare, a mber o respoets hihlihte isses relatito the trasiet atre o the ommit. partilar,resiets poite to the mber o opats who olse their homes or short perios.

Local identity:

esiets eerall plae reat importae o the qalito their home a the loal eviromet whe aseabot valable loal assets. despite hihlihti a la o

opportities or ommit exhae, respoets wereee to emphasise that most resiets seem airl satisfewith their material irmstaes; reeti the ore prioritiesthat iorm their jmets abot mperial Whar as a plaeto live.


espoets also ote the absee o loal evets aativities i the reet past that wol bri resietstoether. Few eetive attempts have bee mae to bilthe oetios that eorae a spport ommalloal ietities. disssios overe ivie opiios

abot whether sh attempts wol be liel to attratiterest or eaemet rom o-ative resiets.


imilar to the sitatio o mpire qare, respoetshihlihte the importae o their etral loatio aloal trasport lis i oeti resiets to the ailities(wor, leisre, health) a soial strtres (amil, ries,olleaes) that the vale.



54 Chapter 4.0





Chapter 4.0 55




4.4 Knowle Village

58% o respoets o kowle Villae are emale. 32%o iterviewees are livi i a two perso hosehol, 21%i a three a 22% i a or perso hosehol. 13% o iterviewees live aloe a 12% live i hosehols withfve or more ihabitats.

he ae istribtio is sprea betwee 18 a 84,with a majorit o iterviewees betwee 20 a 45.

ore tha 50% o respoets have hilre: 22% have

oe hil, 22% have two hilre, 6% have three hilrea 5% have more tha or hilre.

espoets o kowle Villae are the least ethialliverse, with 92% esribi themselves as White ritish.2% are Aria, 2% White a la Aria, 2% ther Whitea the remaii 2% esribe themselves as alaeshi,ther Asia or Arab.

56% o the sample is i ll-time emplomet, 9% sel emploe a 6% emploe. kowle Villae ha thelarest proportio o retire resiets (13%) i the sample a10% who esribe their emplomet stats as amil or home

are. 2% are stets a 5% lo-term si or isable.

Gre 21: rG rTG kle vllGe

A b i l i t y t o

i n f l u

e n c e



W e l l - b

e i n g

L i n k

s w i t h

n e i g h b

o u r

s

L o c a l i d

e n t i t y

W i l l i n g

n e s s

t o a c t

A d a p t a b

l e s p a c e

Str eet lay out



T r a n s p

o r t l i n

k s


a c e

A M E

N I T

I E S

A N D

S O C I A

L I N F R

A S T

R U C T

U R E

S O C

I A L C

U L T

U R A

L L I F E


■Positive

■Satisfactory

■Negative







Gre 22: kle vllGe STe Srvey reSlTS


kowle Villae reeives a oo sore or the ‘iteratiowith wier eihborhoo’ iiator, i relatio to themix o aommoatio tpes. owever, the overall ratisere bease o what the site srveor esribe asa “itroverte approah to rba esi” with ol oevehilar aess poit aross the evelopmet.

A ata was ot relevat to kowle Villae so the“trasport lis” iiator was assesse si seoarata abot resiet travel patters a trasport provisio.

ix qestios were reate, assessi pbli trasportprovisio, other trasport provisio, ar se a arpari, a a satisator rati was ive.

verall, kowle Villae reeives a ellow rati or the“appropriate provisio o ommit spae” iiator asa reslt o iflties relate to the eliver o a etralommit ailit immeiatel ater ompletio o theevelopmet (see otextal iterviews or rther isssio),a the timi o the provisio o a loal sports fel.

Framework

Component

Indicator

Sub-roup

Score

Provision of community space 1.5/3

Transport links (PTAL and travel patterns survey data) 2.5/5

Place with distinctive character 0.5/1

Integration with wider neighbourhood 1.5/3




1/2






Open-ended question

kowle Villae, the fve most reqetl ietife ators see b resiets as otribti most to their qalit o lie werethe qietess o the area, the ree a ope spaes, saet, the loal eviromet a the rieliess o the area.

4.4 Knowle Village


90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0



I t

’ s g e n e r a l l y s a f e

T h e l o

c a l e n v i r o n m e n t

I t ’ s f r i e n d l y

S u i t a b i l i t y f o r c h i l d r e n

M

o t o r w a y a c c e s s


C e n t r a l l y l o c a

t e d / w e l l l o c a t e d

G e n e r a l a p p e a r a n

c e / m a i n t e n a n c e

■Number of

respondents





Tenure analysis

he aalsis o e qestios b tere reveale that kowle Villae resiets rom ieret teres ha a broal similarpatter o resposes to other evelopmets.

• esiets livi i aorable hosi were less lielto strol aree that the elt the beloe i theeihborhoo tha private owers a reters.

• Aorable hosi resiets, however, were morestrol i areemet with the statemet that the

loal area was a plae where people rom ieretbaros et o well toether, tha the privateowers a reters.


despite some iflties earl o, respoets were iareemet that the ommit is beii to f its eet,with resiets represeti themselves rather tha reli oexteral sores to ailitate ivolvemet. oal evets aativities are beomi more reqet a ilsive - briipeople toether rom ieret o-site areas a tere rops- a ommit ailities are ow well-maae a se.

Tenant groups:

cosort ropert aaemet operates as the estatemaaers o kowle Villae. he osts irre i proviithis servie are overe b resiets who pa a aalee or o-site maiteae. espoets poite ot thatthe ees have ote bee applie iosistetl with someresiets (split b tere tpe a ate o prhase) paimore tha others. his iosistet appliatio has le tosome rstratio amo those who have pai while o-pai resiets still ejo the beefts o cosort’s wor.

eet eorts have be to reress this imbalae witha pate ost strtre ow i plae or ew resiets.

Local identity:

he site has 791 homes. his total exees estimates otliei the oriial brie (betwee 450 a 520 wellis) amaiests itsel i the irease esit o the site peripher.esiets have seste that the impat o this ireasehas aete the area’s ietit; too lare to eetivel spporta “villae eel”, bt too small to spport some o the loalameities a servies that people wat.


A etral ommit ailit was provie b ereleo projet ompletio. owever, the site selete to lfllthis tio (a overte hapel) was later eeme to besitable. his spare a move b resiets to et the ailitreplae with a o-site alterative that wol better meettheir ees. A ew ommit hall has sie bee bilt atraserre over to commit ilis Assoiatio,a resiets’ rop tase with maai the site.

Farham coil has propose to bil a ew tow hal a mile rom kowle Villae. he evelopmet will ileapproximatel 6500 ew homes a ostrtio is e

to start i 2013. he kowle Villae esiets’ Assoiatiohas respoe b lahi a “Jst a no” ampai ahas plae a ative role i hallei the plas, ivitiviews rom loal resiets a represeti their iterestsat pbli meetis.


espoets reporte that poor pbli trasport oetioshave le to o-oi isses aro loal traf a pariaess at kowle Villae.





4.5 Comparing the residents’ survey ndings

he sores o the qestios that a be behmare aaistata rom omparable areas emostrate how the sores orthe or evelopmets otrast. here is a broa similarit o resposes betwee the two ier it sites, ompare to thesbrba a semi-rral evelopmets.

Fire 24 illstrates a iaram o the z-sores – that is theamot that the resiets’ srve iers rom the behmar or omparable areas – or these qestios.

Gre 24: z SreS r reSdeTS’ Srvey dGS THT Be BeHrked

T rBle reS, ll r STeS

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

-0.5

-1

01

0203

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

151617

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3031

■The Hamptons

■Knowle Village

■Imperial Wharf

■Empire Square

■National average





01 ow sae o o eel walialoe ater ar

02 ow sae o o eel walialoe i this area ri the a

03 evel o rime i loal areaompare to otr as a whole

04 la to remai resiet o thiseihborhoo or a mbero ears

05 Feel lie belo tothis eihborhoo

06 Frieships i meihborhoo meaa lot to me

07 eee avie olo to someoe i meihborhoo

08 borrow this aexhae avors withm eihbors

09 elarl stop a tal with

people i m eihborhoo10 Felt o were plai a

sel part i this

11 ee eeli reasoabl happ

12 ost people a be trsteor o aot be too arelwith people

13 atisatio o or lie overall

14 ites spet travelli to wor

15 wol be willi to wor with others to improvem eihborhoo

16 mportae o where olive to sese o who o are

17 loal area people et o well

18 ow satisfe or issatisfeare o with or loal areaas a plae to live?

19 ca o ieeeisios aeti area

20 ow importat is it or opersoall to eel that o aiee eisios i or loalarea? Wol o sa it is...

21 eople pll toether toimprove eihborhoo

22 as a oraisatio aseo what o thi abotor loal sporti ailities

23 as a oraisatio aseo what o thi abotor loal ltral ailities

24 as a oraisatio aseo what o thi abot orloal evirometal ailities

25 cotate a loal raio statio,tv statio or paper

26 ale to / writte to asporti or ltral ailit

27 cotate the oil

28 cotate a loaloillor or

29 Joie a loal ropor attee aeihborhoo orm

30 Attee a protest meetior joie a ampai rop

31 elpe oraise a petitio





4.6 Local authority and national benchmarks

he oriial itetio o this st was to ompare resposeso erele resiets to others atioall a withi loalathorit areas.

he resiets’ srve fis rom all the 593 ae-to-aeiterviews i the or sites were areate a omparewith atioal ata. his eable exploratio o the iereesbetwee the reporte opiios a pereptios o ereleresiets a atioal averaes. “natioal” i this istaemeas la a Wales, or the qestios erive rom thethree atioal srves (uerstai oiet, the citizeshiprve a the crime rve or la a Wales) that

over these two otries. he ai art srve oversla ol, so the reslts o qestios tae rom thissrve have bee ompare to the la ata ol.

Ater statistial siifae testi, the qestio resposesshowe a statistiall siifat ieree overall or theresiets’ srve reslts aross the or sites a the atioalaveraes o two e qestios:

• Well-being: erele resiets were more liel to eelreasoabl happ tha all people atioall.

• Safety: erele resiets were more liel to eel saer

tha all people atioall.

A attempt was mae to behmar resiets’ srveresposes aaist ata rom atioal srves at the loalathorit level. his ivolve ompari ata or the oooroh o othwar with mpire qare resiets’srve ata, ata or the oo oroh o tto with

he amptos resiets’ srve ata, ata or the oooroh o ammersmith a Flham with mperial Whar resiets’ srve ata, a ata or Wihester cit coilwith kowle Villae resiets’ srve ata.

he behmari was base o atioal srve atarom oe sile ear a aalsis o that ot eoh

resposes were ollete aross all o the loal athoritiesi this sile ear to reate a represetative sample o loalathorit resiets.

t wol be possible i the tre to reate loal athoritomparisos b ombii the resposes i atioal srvesover a mber o ears to proe a sample size sfietlrepresetative o the area. owever, this was beo thesope o this projet. ee the Appeix or more iormatio.









5.0Lessons from using themeasurement framework

This work is developmental. It brings together

data from different sources, combined in new

ways, to quantify people’s quality of life and the

strength of a community. As with all innovative

projects, our framework has limitations and we

have learnt valuable lessons from the process.

he aim o this wor has bee to evelop a pratial, low-ost measremetramewor whih allows the erele grop to assess soial sstaiabilit. t isrial that the ramewor a be se b teams i the bsiess, provii selisihts abot what maes ew ommities orish, a shapi eisiosabot esi, plai a ommit eaemet. t is also importat that theramewor ol easil be repliate a applie aross erele’s wier portolioo evelopmets.

his setio esribes these lessos, issses how the ramewor a ataatheri approah ol potetiall evolve i the tre, a also reorssome importat aveats abot the wor. his is ile to mitiate aaistmisiterpretatio or iarate appliatio o the researh.





5.1 Interpreting the ndings

5.2 Present and future

communities

5.3 Mixed methods

and mixed data sources

he measremet ramewor has bee evelope toprovie evelopers with a meas b whih to hihlihthealie fis abot speif evelopmets (whetherpositive or eative). t has bee esie to help illmiateemeri patters b eabli broa-brsh omparisoswith appropriate behmars or omparable plaes orother ew hosi evelopmets. t oes ot, withotspplemetar aalsis, ieti the erli ators orpratial oers that pla a importat part i shapihow people experiee a plae.

he i-epth otextal iterviews eable s to maemore iorme a meail iterpretatio o the srvefis. Althoh these isihts were ot sore or ormerlrepresete i the fal assessmets, the beame aessetial part to the projet eabli the reslts to be pti otext. ome site-speif, qalitative researh sholalwas be iorporate i the ramewor.

laes are alwas hai a soial sstaiabilit is wielaowlee to be a ami oept. his measremetramewor has bee esie as a pratial, repliable tool.t has ot bee reate to tra a lare sample o resietsover a lo perio o time bt to provie a sapshot o ommit streth a qalit o lie at a poit i time.r approah is ot as robst as a lare-sale loitialst i trai haes i ommities a iivials,a either is it esie to measre the impat o aspeif itervetio. owever, i applie perioiall (satwo, fve a 10 ears ater ompletio) a/or to a rae

o ieret evelopmets (as i this st), the ramewor a provie opportities or meail omparisos overtime. What is lost i robstess is aie i ease o se –a meail iormatio emeres rom this relativel lowost approah.

e o the major hallees i ostrti this ramewor was ombii the ieret tpes o ata that erpi eahiiator. dieret tpes o ata were selete to otribteieret isihts a perspetives to the ramewor.

he site srve wor oses o preiti the lielotomes or resiets base o the well-establisheassmptios a experiee o rba esi pratitioers,that oo esi a provisio o ommit ailities willhave a positive impat o otomes or resiets.

he resiets’ srve attempts to measre what happes i

ommities ater the are omplete. For example, the atareete i the “soial a ltral lie” imesio ivestiateshow people eel abot their eihborhoo, their eihborsa their ow well-bei. he resiets’ srve also attemptsto loo ahea to aptre ata abot whether resiets arewilli a able to have a sa i shapi the tre o theirloal area (“voie a iee”).

t was impossible to iretl areate iormatio rom thesite srve (with a three tier rai sstem rom a silesore) a the resiets’ srve (with a broaer sample withstatistiall behmare resposes). doi this wol haveeerate misleai reslts. he two tpes o ata were

thereore split betwee ieret imesios o the ramewor.ite srve ata a A sores was se to poplate the“ameities a irastrtre” imesio, a resiets’ srveata was se to poplate the iiators eei ito “soiala ltral lie” a “voie a iee” imesios o the ramewor.

he reate qestios i the resiets’ srve - those withotomparable staars i existi ata sets - also eeeto be treate ieretl. esposes to these qestios wereAg ate withot behmars. he qestios relate tosatisatio with the provisio o loal ailities, a resietsi rba evelopmets (mpire qare a mperial Whar)

ave more positive reslts tha i other evelopmets. his is srprisi ive their proximit to a wier raeo ailities. the tre, as more ata is ollete arossa rae o ieret evelopmets it will be possible to reatemore robst behmars or these qestios.





5.5 Assessing transport links

he proess o testi the measremet ramewor hasreveale the limitatios o the trasport lis iiator.

here are three isses: frst, A sores are ot wielse otsie greater oo so or kowle Villae (a othersemi-rral or rral evelopmets) there is a ap i availableata; seo, there is a ee to istiish betwee whatis appropriate trasport provisio or rba a sbrba orsemi-rral evelopmets rather tha ol measri proximita reqe o pbli trasport; thir, the otextaliterviews iiate that it is also importat to aptreresiets’ views abot the provisio o trasport optios.

tre we reomme aapti this iiator to iorporatea wier rae o measres, sh as pbli trasportoetios, ar se a ar pari, sstaiable trasportoptios ili wali, li, ar shari a ar lbs.

5.4 Well-being

esiet well-bei, aptri their pereptios o theqalit o their lives, is a e aspet to soial sstaiabilit.t is losel relate to how strol people eel the beloi the area, a ees ito their eihborliess awilliess to tae part i ommit ativities.

his pilot measremet ramewor ile or qestiosselete o the basis o their ft with the other qestios ithe resiets’ srve, a the availabilit o qestios i theor atioal ata se to behmar the srve. he resltso the well-bei iiator reslts reveale that resietsreporte their qalit o lie at the level to be expete or

omparable areas.

For tre srves, se o the or qestios ow beiemploe b n to measre the atio’s well-bei wolbe reommee, to ive a better iiatio o how resietsare ompare to the emeri atioal pitre.





5.7 Developing the methodology5.6 Scope

tatistial testi o the resiets’ srve fisbehmare aaist omparable areas (see art wosetio 2.4) reveale that some o the reslts were statistiallisiifat, meai that the o ot show a siifatieree betwee the experiee o erele resiets athose i omparable plaes (Ag atis were ompilebase o statistiall siifat reslts ol). reasi thesample size or the resiets’ srve ol help establishwhether the reslts that were statistiall isiifat werebease erele resiets o ot siifatl ier romomparable rops, or bease o the sample sizes.

his pilot se ae-to-ae iterviews as these have thehihest retr rate a aratee that a miimm mbero resposes a be reore. A approah that maot irease ost is to se mltiple methos o olletiresposes rom resiets, ili sel-omplete webbase a paper qestioaires alosie ae-to-aeiterviews. usi mltiple methos o olleti reslts iswell establishe a arrie ot b the atioal srves athe methooloiall most avae aaemi srves shas the ritish irth cohorts srve a the Avo oitialrve o arets a chilre.

e o the oriial itetios o this st was to ompare

resposes o erele resiets to others livi i the sameloal athorit area. owever, this was ot possible ipratie. he atioal srve ata se was rom oe sileear, a aalsis reveale that ot eoh resposes wereollete i all o the loal athorities i this sile ear atato reate a represetative sample o loal athorit resiets.

t wol be possible to reate loal athorit omparisos bombii the resposes i atioal srves over a mbero ears to proe a sample size sfietl represetativeo the area.

Fiall, there is sope to itroe more qalitative researh.

he approah tae b this st i ot allow or exploratioo the reasos wh resiets hose to respo as the i tothe srve qestios. costs permitti, this ol eeratevalable isihts or the plai athorit a hosiproviers.

his measremet ramewor has bee esie or apartilar hosi eveloper. he os thereore waso the aspets o ommit streth a qalit o liethat a hosebiler ol reasoabl be hel iretlaotable or, or ol iee throh relatioshipswith pbli aeies.

his has meat that some importat imesios o soialsstaiabilit are ot represete i this ramewor;speifall, measres ose o soial eqit a jstiea aess to eatio a emplomet. he have beeexle where the are beo the otrol or iee

o a hosebiler. For example, althoh the hose biliistr otribtes to loal job reatio a a i theshort-term reate aess to job opportities i a partilareihborhoo, wier isses o soial jstie a aess toopportities are ators that are epeet o mh larerstrtral a politial isses.







Chapter 6.0 69



6.0 Conclusions

This project has demonstrated that it is possible to devise a measurement

framework that can be used relatively swiftly and cost-effectively, to assess

and evidence the quality of life and strength of community on new housing

and mixed-use developments.

he fis a lessos rom this projet will ow be seto tae this wor a step rther. erele ites to trial theramewor o a mber o sites pre-plai or i the earlstaes o evelopmet a the osier rolli ot thisapproah aross the bsiess, bili soial sstaiabilit

ito the wa it approahes ever plae.

ore wiel, we believe the iea o soial sstaiabilit willbeome ireasil importat or overmet a soietover the omi eae.

uerpii this smmar is a wealth o ata that proviia rih pitre abot how resiets rom ieret barosexperiee lie i a ew hosi evelopmet.

he isihts reveale b this wor a eable all thoseivolve i reati ew hosi evelopmets – whetherthe are propert evelopers, hosi assoiatios, or loal

athorities resposible or the stewarship o ommities –to ieti where itervetios a ivestmets i servies,spport or soial lie, or esi improvemets, are mosteee or a be most eetive. he fis also eablehosi proviers to explore the experiees o people romieret baros, or example, erstai howtere relates to pereptios o saet or overall well-bei,a how more vlerable resiets are bei spporte.

Whe the ‘hae i the eihborhoo’ imesio isiorporate ito the ramewor (o pbliatio o therelevat 2011 cess ata), it will also be possible toersta the impat o ew hosi evelopmets oa wier area over time. t will be possible to explore haes

i the emoraphi profle o srroi eihborhoos,i health a eatio otomes, i emplomet aiome, a hosi aorabilit. his iormatio willbe valable i erstai the lo-term soial eetso bili ew hosi a i evelopi ew thiiabot how to mitiate some o the hallees ae bma eihborhoos, sh as the impat o lo-termisavatae.

his is a importat projet that will otribte to howthe istr erstas soial sstaiabilit. t mars aimportat shit i the istr’s os rom plaemaito thii abot lo-term stewarship. We hope thewor will oer pratial isihts abot how the iea o soial sstaiabilit a be pt ito pratie a rtrei ew hosi a mixe-se evelopmets.

he aoptio a eliver o toh ew evirometalstaars i reet ears shows the hose biliistr to be apable o hai the wa it this awors ramatiall.

now we have a opportuity to ahieve a similar breathrough

i terms o soial outomes. t ivolves a shit i ous rom

the poit o sale to the uture health ad well-beig o ew

ommuities. A ew emphasis o soial sustaiability meas

thiig about placekeeping as well as placemaking.

t requires us to reogise that some itagibles – the emotioal

relatioships that people who live i ad use a spae develop –

are as importat as the hard irastruture we deliver.



How to measure the social sustainability of new housing development70 References




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xiv ee or example: Ferso, k.. & iel, c.., 2007. oeli Fear o crime i dallas neihborhoos A est o oialcapital heor. crime & deliqe, 53(2), pp.322–349.

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