Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014 Page | 1 INTRODUCTION This is a report of my internship at Boving Fouress Ltd. In my training period, I have been through various and have gathered basic information from each of these. This report is my attempt at presenting the knowledge garnered during this period. bfl- Boving Fouress Ltd. BFL offers total solutions for Small Hydro Electric Power Stations (up to 25 MW Single unit) starting right from the selection of machines to commissioning of the power plant, and is fully geared to execute projects on ‘Water to Wire’ basis. Objective: Powering the world today for a better tomorrow BFL’s Global presence India North America Latin America Turkey South Africa Zimbabwe Sri Lanka Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam Philippines Thailand VISION To become the world’s largest Small Hydro Turbine manufacturer in “water to wire” Electrical & Mechanical equipment by continually providing competitive solutions to the market.
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Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
Page | 1
INTRODUCTION
This is a report of my internship at Boving Fouress Ltd. In my training period, I have been
through various and have gathered basic information from each of these. This report is my
attempt at presenting the knowledge garnered during this period.
bfl- Boving Fouress Ltd.
BFL offers total solutions for Small Hydro Electric Power Stations (up to 25 MW Single
unit) starting right from the selection of machines to commissioning of the power plant, and is
fully geared to execute projects on ‘Water to Wire’ basis.
Objective: Powering the world today for a better tomorrow
BFL’s Global presence
India
North America
Latin America
Turkey
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
Malaysia
Vietnam
Philippines
Thailand
VISION
To become the world’s largest Small Hydro Turbine manufacturer in “water to wire” Electrical
& Mechanical equipment by continually providing competitive solutions to the market.
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
Page | 2
SMALL HYDRO POWER
Small hydro power is the ability to generate power from potential energy of water flow at
a height to kinetic energy which rotates the turbine. This rotation of turbine shaft is coupled to a
generator converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Components of Small Hydro Power
1. Civil structures
Intake channel
Desilting tank: Debris in the water is allowed to settle down and also filters the
water through the trash racks.
Forebay tank
Tailrace
Intake gates/valves
2. Hydro-mechanical structures
Penstock
Surge shaft
3. Electro-mechanical structure
4. Transmission lines
HYDRO POWER PLANT
Hydropower plants harness water's energy and use simple mechanics to convert that
energy into electricity. Hydropower plants are based on a rather simple concept -- water flowing
through a dam turns a turbine, which turns a generator.
The basic components of the plant are:
1. Dam: It holds back water creating a large reservoir
2. Turbine: The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a
generator above it by way of a shaft.
3. Generator: Generator is a device, which converts the Rotary Mechanical Energy in to an
Electrical Energy.
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
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4. Transformer: The transformer inside the powerhouse takes the AC and converts it to
higher-voltage current.
5. The Auxiliaries: The auxiliaries like the Oil Pumping Unit and the Cooling Water
Systems helps in the smooth operation of the power plant. Mechanical Balance of Plant
Hydraulic Power Pack & Oil Pumping
Cooling Water System Dewatering & Drainage System
Compressed Air
Siphon Arrangement
Lubrication
TG PACKAGE
The Turbine and the Generator are collectively known as TG Package. The TG Package along
with its control and monitoring equipment’s are housed in a Civil Structure called the
Powerhouse.
Types of Generators
1. Synchronous generators
A synchronous generator runs at a constant speed and draws its excitation from a power
source external or independent of the load.
Synchronous speed is calculated as follows:
Ns = 120 f / p
It Costs More
2. Induction generators
Induction Generators are special purpose motors that runs at super synchronous speed
(speed slightly above the synchronous speed) i.e at negative slip, and it draws excitation
power from grid.
Slip = (Ns – N) /NS
It Costs Less
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
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TURBINE
Hydraulic turbines are the machines which convert the kinetic and potential energies
possessed by water into mechanical rotary motion or power. Hydro turbines are classified as:
Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine
The difference between these two turbines is that, in an impulse turbine, the whole of the
pressure of energy of the water is converted into kinetic energy before it tis passed onto the
turbine wheel, whereas in a reaction turbine the water flows with both pressure and kinetic
energies over the moving blades where it’s part of the pressure energy is converted into kinetic
energy.
Pelton Wheel
It is an impulse turbine, works under high head and requires small quantity of water.
Water from a high head source is supplied to the nozzle. The pressure energy of water is
converted into kinetic energy. The high velocity water impinges on the curved blades. This sets
up the pelton wheel to rotate in the direction of the impinging jet. Thus, the pressure energy is
converted into mechanical energy.
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
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Francis Turbine
It is a medium head reaction turbine in which water flows radially inwards. Water at high
pressure enters through the inlet and flows radially inwards through the guide blades. The water
flows inwards and finally discharges at the center at low pressure. During its flow, it imparts
kinetic energy to the runner to set it into rotational motion.
Francis Turbine (Reaction)
Kaplan Turbine
It is a low head reaction turbine in which water flows axially. Most of the parts of the
turbine are like that of Francis turbine except the runner. The water at high pressure enters the
turbine casing through the inlet and strikes the guide blades axially imparting kinetic energy to
set it into rotational motion.
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
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OUTPUT OF A HYDRO POWER PLANT
P = 9.81xHxQxη where,
P = The power generated in kilo watts
H = The head measured in meters
Q = The discharge measured in m³/sec.
η = The efficiency of the plant i.e., the combined efficiency of the turbine, generator,
transformer (normally between 0.80 to 0.85)
The output power is measured in kilo watts or megawatts and is dependent on the head and
discharge available for the machine.
The Revenue
The revenue from the plant is the number of units the plant generates multiplied by the
unit price of sale of each unit.
Revenue = No. of units generated x Unit Rate
No. of units generated = capacity of the plant in kws x24hrs of a day x365days of a year x the
rate per unit.
Internship Report Bindagi, Anuj Boving Fouress Ltd. July 31, 2014
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Below is a small article published in “The Hindu “on July 27th which gives a general idea of the