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Beypazarı Municipality
Kurtuluş Mah. İrfan Gümüşel Cad. No: 20/68
06730 Beypazarı / Ankara
Tel: (312) 762 2510
Fax: (312) 763 1358
BEYPAZARI MUNICIPALITY
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
PROJECT
EIA REPORT
DOKAY-ÇED Environmental Engineering Ltd.
Ata Mahallesi Kabil Caddesi No: 140/A 06460 Çankaya-ANKARA
Average 41,341 47,978 55,902 65,149 75,954 88,591 103,387 120,722
Reference: Beypazari (Ankara) WWTP Final Design Report, 2007.
While population growth rate values calculated for the period between 1940 and 2000
varies between 0.34 and 5.41% (see Table 3-12), GC calculated for BoP method, i.e.
3.36, is larger than 3.00. GC calculated for the period between 1980 and 2000 fell from
3.60 to 2.76. As can be seen here, number of inhabitants of Beypazari is decreasing
although the district is visited by many tourists [1]. Considering this, GC has been decided
to be taken as a smaller value. GC was taken as 3.00 until 2021, and as 2.50 afterwards.
Population estimates for the period between 2000 and 2041 which have been used for the
design of the WWTP are presented in Table 3-14.
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Table 3-14 Results of Population Projections for the Design of Beypazari WWTP (2006-2041)
Year Population
2006 41,124
2011 47,674
2016 55,268
2021 64,100
2026 72,490
2031 82,016
2036 92,793
2041 105,000
Reference: Beypazari (Ankara) WWTP Final Design Report, 2007.
3.4.5 Discharge Parameters
In accordance with Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation3 (OG dated 08.01.2006 and
numbered 26047), WWTP is required be designed and constructed to achieve secondary
treatment. Phosphorous and nitrogen treatment is required to be accomplished by
advanced treatment if there is an eutrophication risk in the receiving environment.
There is also another notification called Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation of
Sensitive and Less Sensitive Areas (OG dated 27.06.2009 and numbered 27271). In this
notification, sensitive and less sensitive regions of Turkey have been determined and
discharge criteria of these areas have been given. However, İnözü Creek is not one of
these regions. Hence, in this report, calculations have been done according to the Urban
Wastewater Treatment Regulation.
Currently, untreated wastewater is discharged into Inozu Creek. Constructing WWTP is a
protective measure imposing removal of nitrogen and phosphorus which helps to prevent
possible eutrophication. Treated wastewater in Beypazarı WWTP shall not exceed the
limit values stipulated in the related regulations. This limit values are shown in Table 3-15.
Table 3-15 WWTP Discharge Parameters and Limit Values
Parameter Concentration
(mg/l) Minimum Treatment
Performance (%) Reference Measurement
Method
Non-nitrogenous BOD5 (20°C)
25 70-90
Homogeneous, unfiltered, unsettled, raw sample. Measurement of dissolved oxygen before and after 5-day incubation at 20±1 ºC in a medium with no light. Addition of a nitrification inhibitor.
COD 125 75
Homogeneous, unfiltered, unsettled, raw sample. Potassium dichromate method.
Suspended Solids 35 90
- Filtration of representative sample with 0.45- μm membrane. Drying at 105 ºC, and weighing. - Centrifugation of representative sample (for a minimum of 5 minutes with
3 Relevant EU legislation is the The Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste-water treatment.
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Parameter Concentration
(mg/l) Minimum Treatment
Performance (%) Reference Measurement
Method
an acceleration of 2800-3200 g). Drying and weighing at 105 ºC.
Total Phosphoros 2 80 Molecular absorption spectrophotometer Total Nitrogen 15 70-80
Reference: Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation
When the discharge values of Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation are compared
with the limit values of Pollution Prevention Amendment Handbook4, it is seen that Urban
Wastewater Treatment Regulation values are lower than the Pollution Prevention
Amendment Handbook. Therefore, these values show compliance with each other.
3.4.6 Technology
As mentioned before, Beypazarı WWTP has been designed to include two stages. Target
years of these two stages are 2021 and 2041, respectively [1].
Treated wastewater will be discharged to Inozu Creek. This creek discharges to the
reservoir of Sariyar Dam. According to State Hydraulic Works, usage purpose of Sariyar
Dam is to produce energy with a power of 160 MWe. Due to wastewater discharge, there
is a risk of eutrophication of this reservoir. Therefore, according to the regulation,
advanced treatment, which ensures removal of nitrogen and phosphorous, is necessary.
This has been taken into account in the design of WWTP. Main units of the WWTP are
given below.
Pretreatment Units
Coarse Screen
Fine Screen
Aerated Grit and Grease Chamber
Biological Treatment Processes
Anaerobic Tanks
“Caroussel”-type Aeration Tanks
Secondary Sedimentation Tanks
Sludge Dewatering
Decanter
Technical characteristics of the WWTP are given in Table 3-16.
4“Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook”, 1998, page: 438, http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/06/03/000094946_99040905052283/Ren
dered/PDF/multi0page.pdf
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Table 3-16 Technical Characteristics of Beypazari WWTP
No Unit Parameter Unit Value
1 Coarse Screen
Width of approach channel m 1.2
Slope of approach channel - 0.002
Number of Screens - 1
Channel width m 1.5
Number of Bars - 24
2 Fine Screen
Number of Screens - 3
Bar spacing mm 10
Bar width mm 10
Channel width m 0.9
Number of Bars m 44
3 Aerated Grit and Grease Chambers
Tank width m 1.4
Number of Tank - 4
Cross-sectional area m2 2.24
Tank length m 16
Total Tank Volume m³ 35.84
Detention time at design flow (2021; 2041)
min 9.90; 7.28
Air requirement (1
st Stage, for two tanks)
m³/min 0.84
Air requirement (2
nd Stage, for four tanks)
m³/min 1.68
Blower
Number of blowers - 5 (1 back-up)
Blower capacity m³/h 30
4 Anaerobic Treatment
(P removal)
Length m 16
Width m 9.80
Water depth m 5
Number of tanks (1st Stage; 2
nd Stage) - 1; 2
Tank volume m3 784
Recycle (1st Stage; 2
nd Stage) m
3/h 711.13; 1283.77
Hydraulic detention time (1
st Stage; 2
nd Stage)
h 0.58; 0.64
Total mixer power kW 6.2
5 Aeration Tanks
Number of tanks (1
st Stage; 2
nd Stage)
- 2; 4
Channel Dimensions (length; width; depth) m 39.5; 5.5; 6
Radius of circular section m 5.50
Tank volume m3 6,845.51
Hydraulic detention time (1
st Stage; 2
nd Stage)
h 12,89; 14,11
Sludge age day 25
MLSS m
mg/L 4,000
BOD5 load (1
st Stage; 2
nd Stage)
kg/day 2,503.41; 4,631.32
Recycle rate - 0,75
Number of mixers per tank - 4
Mixer power kW 6
Number of blowers (1st Stage) - 3 (1 back-up)
Number of blowers (2nd
Stage) - 5 (1 back-up)
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No Unit Parameter Unit Value
Blower capacity m3/h 4900
6 Secondary Sedimentation
Tanks
Number of tanks (1st Stage; 2
nd Stage) - 2; 4
Diameter m 24
Depth m 3,70
Surface loading rate (1st Stage; 2
nd Stage) m
3/m
2-h 1,05; 0,95
Detention time(1st Stage; 2
nd Stage) h 2,01; 2,24
7 Decanter
8 Polyelectrolyte dosing
Polyelectrolyte requirement (1
st Stage; 2
nd Stage)
kg/day 11.2; 20.725
Number of dosing units - 1
Capacity (%0.2-polyelectrolyte solution) L/h 100
Reference: Beypazari (Ankara) WWTP Final Design Report, 2007.
Information regarding units of the treatment process is presented below.
Pretreatment Unit
Pretreatment unit includes coarse and fine screens and aerated grit and grease chamber.
Coarse Screen
Coarse screen has been designed to block branches, residue, animal carcasses,
packages, bottles etc. These materials will be kept at the coarse screen in order to
prevent them from damaging the pumps. Solid waste to be kept at the coarse screen will
be conveyed to a container via conveyor belt and then it ıs sent to Municipality’s current
solid waste dump.
Fine Screen
Fine screen functions to prevent such fine materials in the wastewater as stone, fabrics,
wood from being entering into downstream units. Fine screen has been designed as
mechanically-raked, and materials kept at the screen will be conveyed to a container.
Aerated Grit and Grease Chamber
In this unit, such heavy inorganic materials as grit and gravels will be settled while oil and
grease within wastewater will be removed. This unit has been designed to allow inorganic
materials to settle down whereas organic materials, which will be removed in biological
treatment, to float. In order to achieve this, horizontal velocity at the maximum flow rate is
determined to be lower than 0.2 m/s. Grease removing equipment to be installed in the
sides of this unit will remove oil and grease in wastewater. Transfer of wastewater from
grit chamber to grease chamber will be through lamella separator. Grit removed in the grit
chamber will be pumped to grit separators whereas grease removed in the grease
chamber will be pumped to grease pits and send to the licensed companies.
Biological Treatment Units
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As mentioned in the previous sections, WWTP has been designed to ensure removal of
phosphorus and nitrogen. Biological treatment unit is composed of two types of tanks.
One of these is anaerobic tank while the other one is “Caroussel” type aeration tank,
which includes anoxic and aerobic zones together. Due to the nature of the treatment
process, complete mixing of the wastewater flowing into aeration tanks should be
provided with mixers whereas oxygen will be supplied by blowers.
Phosphorus Removal
In order to remove phosphorus compounds in the wastewater an anaerobic medium
(anaerobic tank) will be formed at the beginning of the biological treatment unit. In the
anaerobic tank, dissolved carbonaceous compounds (BOD) will be mixed with recycled
sludge in order to let polyphosphate-containing microorganisms hydrolyze polyphosphate,
and uptake carbonaceous compounds into its body. In this process, phosphate is
hydrolyzed, and converted into inorganic phosphate. This increases the concentration of
dissolved phosphate in wastewater. In the aerobic section of the aeration tank,
microorganisms oxidize the carbonaceous compounds that they have absorbed, and
remove the phosphorus in wastewater.
Nitrogen Removal
In addition to biochemical degradation of carbonaceous compounds, organic nitrogen
compounds are oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, respectively, in the aerobic section of the
aeration tank. Denitrification process takes place in the anoxic section. In the
denitrification section, biochemical degradation of carbonaceous compounds is not at high
level. Therefore, outlet of the nitrification section will be connected to the inlet of the
anoxic section.
Sludge with high phosphorus content will be produced while BOD, phosphorus and
nitrogen is removed.
Secondary Sedimentation Tanks
Wastewater to be treated in aeration tanks will flow into secondary sedimentation tanks.
Supernatant in secondary sedimentation tanks will be discharged into the receiving
environment. In order to increase the efficiency of the treatment process, some part of the
settled sludge will be returned to the inlet of the biological treatment via sludge recycle
line. Secondary sedimentation tanks will be constructed in circular shape. Wastewater
flowing into sedimentation tanks will be distributed evenly via pipes.
Sludge Dewatering
Solid matter content in the sludge at the outlet of the sludge-dewatering (decanter)will be
between 18 and 22%. Cationic polyelectrolyte will be dosed into sludge as a sludge
conditioner.
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3.5 Utilization of Natural Resources (Utilization of Land and Water Resources and Type of
Energy Utilized etc.)
Information about the utilization of the natural resources is given below.
3.5.1 Utilization of Water Resources
In construction phase of the Project, there will be water utilization to meet employees’
needs and construction purposes (concrete preparation etc.).
There will be 70 employees in construction phase. Assuming that water consumption will
be 150 L/cap-day, daily water consumption will be 10.5 m3 (70 people x 150 L/cap-day).
Water consumption for construction activities is expected to be 10 m3/day. Hence, total
water consumption in the Project will be 20.5 m3/day in the construction phase.
Similarly in the operational phase of the Project, there will be water consumption to meet
employees’ needs.
There will be 15 employees in operational phase of the Project and water consumption will
be 150 L/cap-day. Therefore, daily water consumption will be 2.25 m3 (15 people x 150
L/cap-day).
Water demand in the constructional and operational phase of the Project will be supplied
from the water network of the city.
3.5.2 Utilization of Energy
The required electric energy in the construction and operational phase of the Project will
be supplied from the current electricity network 400 meter far away from the Project Site
[1].
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4 PROJECT SITE
Designed Beypazarı WWTP is planned to be constructed in Hacıkara Mahallesi,
Karapınar Mevkii. This area is located 4 km south of the Beypazarı county town. The map
in the Figure 4-1 shows the Project site.
4.1 Geological Characteristic
4.1.1 General Geology
In Beypazari, metamorphic rocks forming the Middle Sakarya Massif have been
intersected by shallow batholite mass in low temperature and in different forms varying
from granite and diorite. The batholite mass, also called as the Beypazari granite, is
outcropped in the south of Kirmir Creek. Although it is covered with Eocene and Miocene-
aged formations, it is possibly connected to the granite outcropped in Sivrihisar. Batholite
mass has a homogenous structure. Beypazari granite is in contact with side rocks
composed of phyllite, schist and marble. Hornfels with thickness varying between 3 and
10 m, along the contact zone are observed. In the side zones of the batholite mass,
enclaves, which have intruded into this mass, are observed. Iron formations with silis are
observed where this mass intercepts metamorphics with high iron content. During settling
of granite, joint sets and cracks have developed while the mass was cooling down. In later
phases, aplite and pegmatite dykes with thickness varying between 10 cm and 6 m and
length varying with 10 m and 350 m in NE-SW and NW-SE directions have formed.
Derivatives of batholite mass composed of granite and granodiorite often contains
monzodiorite and diorite enclaves, which have formed earlier due to magmatic
decomposition. The granite is mostly composed of quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, and it
includes amphibole, biolite, chlorite, zircon, sfen, apatite and opaque minerals in little
amounts. In diorite, density of felsic minerals decreases whereas that of mafic minerals
increases. Plagioclase and orthoclase are often observed to have converted into sericite
while they are observed in chlorite form in biotites. Holocrystalline hypidiomorphic rocks
are observed to be dominant within the mass while myrmekitic and allotriomorphic texture
is also observed [2].
4.1.2 Seismicity and Tectonic Characteristics
Project Site lies within the 3rd Degree Earthquake Zone according to the Earthquake Map
prepared by the Directorate of Disaster and Emergency Management of the Prime
Ministry, and hence, possibility of occurrence of an earthquake with high magnitude is low.
The earthquake map of Ankara where the project site is located is given in Figure 4-3
whereas Active Fault Map of Turkey is given in Figure 4-4. As can be seen from the
Earthquake Map of Ankara, there are no important fault lines in the area. The longest fault
line in the region is Nallihan-Nuhhoca fault located to the north of the district [3].
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Figure 4-1 Location Map of the Project Site
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Reference: Kurtuluş, C. ve Bozkurt, A., 2009, Research on soil characteristics of Cayirhan District of Ankara carried out by geophysical and geotechnical methods (original Turkish title: Çayırhan ilçesinin Ankara zemin özelliklerinin jeofizik ve geotektonik yöntemlerle araştırılması): Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Sayı:2, s.15-27.
Figure 4-2 General Geological Map of Beypazari District
Reference: Official website of the Directorate of Disaster and Emergency Management of the Prime Ministry (www.deprem.gov.tr).
Figure 4-3 Earthquake Map of Ankara Province
Beypazari WWTP
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Scale: 1/2.000.000 – Reference: www.mta.gov.tr
Reference: Official website of Minerals Research and Exploration (www.mta.gov.tr).
Figure 4-4 Active Fault Map Showing the Project Site
Design of any structures to be constructed within the context of the Project will be made in
compliance with the provisions of the “Regulation on Structures to be Constructed in
Disaster Areas”.
4.2 Climatic Characteristics
Beypazari District is located in Upper Sakarya Basin, lying in the northwest of Middle
Anatolia. Middle Anatolian Steppe Climate is observed in the district. About half of the
annual precipitation falls in the winter while summers are mostly dry. Precipitation regime
is similar to Mediterranean Climate but annual amount of precipitation is about half of the
amount of precipitation observed in Mediterranean Climate [URL-1].
Beypazari Meteorological Station is the nearest meteorological station at which
observations reflect the meteorological characteristics of the project site the best.
Therefore, climatic characteristics of the Project Site and its vicinity are given by referring
to this long-term data recorded between 1975 and 2005.
According to the meteorological data, average annual maximum temperature recorded
was +43.0 °C (30 July 2000) and the minimum temperature recorded was -17.7 °C (22
February 1985). Average annual temperature of Beypazari is +13.0 °C. January is the
coldest month with an average temperature of -1.1 °C and July is the hottest month with
+24.8 °C.
Beypazari
WWTP
Beypaza
ri
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In this region, the average annual precipitation was recorded as 396.2 mm and the most
precipitation is observed in winter. Average number of days with snow is 17.4.
According to the long-term meteorology data, average annual wind speed is 1.6 m/s.
West-southwest is the dominant wind direction.
4.3 Water Resources
4.3.1 Surface Water Resources
The most important surface water source in Beypazari is Inozu Creek. It rises near
Usakgol Village and joins Kirmir Creek in the south. Currently, wastewater generated in
Beypazari District is being discharged to Inozu Creek [URL-1].
Catagan Creek flows in the east of the district while Zaviye and Findicak creeks flow in the
west, and Alan Creek flow in the north near Basoren Village. Flow regimes of these
creeks are not regular. These rivers deposit the alluvium, which they carry from the
upstream, to their beds. Pebble, sandstone, claystone, slope debris and bank gravel is
observed along Inozu Creek.
Kirmir Creek rises in Işık Mountains, and it has many tributaries. All the rivers except for
Karakuyu Creek are medium salty and low in sodium. Karakuyu Creek is very salty with a
sulfate concentration around 90% [URL-1].
4.3.2 Groundwater Resources
The most important groundwater resource in this region is Karakoca Mineral Water
Resource. It discharges from rhyolites and its flow rate is 2 L/h originating from magmatic
rocks, this water is colorless, odorless, clear, free of sediment, containing gas,
magnesium and sulfate [URL-1].
Groundwater level is not very deep. It is used for irrigation of nearby agricultural lands.
Groundwater reserve is 1.2x106 m3/year in the region. However, in alluvial areas, ground
water can be drawn easily [URL-1].
In the general case, groundwater replenishment decreases when flow rate of water
stream is high, especially high precipitation case such as snow formation. On the other
hand, it increases when flow rate in the stream decreases, and snow melts.
There are a number of 11 hot springs discharged from the fault zone located 20 km to the
southeast of the district. These sources are located in granites outcropped in the district.
Temperatures of these sources vary between 42.0 and 51.5 °C while their flow rates vary
between 0.1 and 2.6 L/sec [URL-1]. A thermal hotel that will utilize these sources is
planned to be established in the district.
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4.4 Socio-Economic Characteristics
4.4.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
Address-Based Population Recording System (in Turkish: “Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt
Sistemi”, ADNKS) has been implemented by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)
since 2007. Population of the district center Beypazari is 35,080 according to 2009 figures
of ADNKS.
Population size and growth rate are among the main parameters used in the design of the
WWTP. Therefore, population projection covering the Project lifetime has been carried
out. Detailed information about population projection is given in Section 3.4.4.
Comparing the results of population projections carried out using different methods, BoP’s
population projection method has been decided to be used. Using this method, population
projection has been made by setting GC to 3.00 for the period between 2000 and 2021
and to 2.50 for the years after 2021. As a result of this projection, population of Beypazari
has been determined to be 64,100 and 105,000 for the two stages, respectively.
4.4.2 Education
According to information obtained from the official website of the Directorate of Education
in Beypazari, there are 18 primary schools, eight elementary schools, a vocational school
and a public education center in Beypazari [URL-2].
As mentioned in Section 3.4.1, there are two vocational schools in Beypazari in which
there are a total of 500 students.
4.4.3 Economical Characteristic
Agriculture, trade, animal husbandry, industry and handicrafts are important activities for
Beypazarı economy. Major agricultural products grown in Beypazari are carrot, lettuce,
tomato, onion and wheat. Carrot production in Beypazari accounts for 44% of Turkey’s
total production whereas lettuce production accounts for 20% of the total production in
Turkey. A part of 67% of the people in Beypazari carries out agricultural activities [URL-3].
Historical texture as well as various local foods and souvenirs produced in Beypazari
attract many tourists. This makes livelihood in the economic life in Beypazarı.
As also explained in Section 3.4.1, there are many industrial establishments in Beypazari
including a milk and dairy products plant and a slaughterhouse. In addition to these, there
are Industrial District of Carpenters and Small Industrial District. In the Small Industrial
District, mostly car maintenance and machine repair works are carried out.
Besides these, an industrial district is planned at a location 6 km away from the district
center.
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4.5 Ecological Characteristic
In this section, information about species of flora and fauna present or likely to be present
in the Project Site and its vicinity is presented.
4.5.1 Flora
The proposed Project Site lies in a transition spot between Irano-Turanian and Europe-
Siberia Phytogeographic regions. Project Area, consisting of wastewater treatment plant,
collector lines, and pump stations, is under the effect of anthropogenic sources. In other
words, agricultural lands are highly present in the vicinity of Project Area. Therefore,
development of natural vegetation has mostly been suppressed. Land available for
survival of natural flora has decreased.
Field work carried out in June 2010 to determine flora and fauna structure in the Project
Site and the impact area have focused on not only the species observed in the Project
Site but also the species that are likely to be observed in the Project Site due to their
biotope characteristics. During the study, endemic species and habitats protected in the
context of international agreements including Bern, Ramsar, Biodiversity and CITES have
been taken into consideration.
Black pine and oak are observed in the region.
As a result of flora surveys, the vegetation types observed in the Project Site and its
vicinity are wayside vegetation and steppe.
Wayside Vegetation
The flora species observed on the wayside are widespread, and are not endangered.
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Figure 4-5 Project Site and Nearby Protected Areas
The closest wetland is Sariyar Dam Reservoir. It is not within lists of “Protected Areas” of
Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs and Ramsar Wetlands. . The bird fly distance
between the Project Site and Sariyar Dam Reservoir and is around 7 km. With the issue of
Sariyar Dam Reservoir, articles of Regulation on the Protection of Wetlands will be
complied.
Project Site
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4.7 Cultural and Archaeological Assets
Beypazari District of Ankara Province has an important place in the history. It dates back
to Hittite and Phrygia. It is understood from ancient materials and maps that Beypazari is
formerly called as Lagani and later Anastasiopolis, and it is a center of Episcopacy
[URL-4]. Archaeological assets dating back to early historic periods are observed through
literature research. Some of these are Rock Cemeteries and Rock Churchs (First Degree
Archaeological Site), Byzantine Ruins and Cemetery (First Degree Archaeological Site)
are First Degree Natural Sites [4]. The Beypazari Houses located in the district center are
important cultural and natural assets dating back to recent periods. Located on steep
slopes, the Beypazari Houses have high visual value with characteristic tissue and natural
landscape features. These houses, with an age around 100 years, also bear
characteristics of Ottoman and traditional Turkish houses. These are generally two or
three storey buildings having a penthouse with oriel window [4]. Figure 4-6 shows an
example of a Beypazari House.
Reference: http://www.tmresimler.com/img3088.htm
Figure 4-6 Beypazari Houses
As a result of examination of the Project Site and its vicinity, no archaeological assets,
items or evidence have been observed. In case of a coincidental finding in the Project
Site, construction works will be stopped immediately, and the relevant museum directorate
will be notified in compliance with the pertinent legislation5. In this case, construction
activities will continue according to provisions of the museum directorate. If during the
construction period of the Project, any archeological items will be founded, the works of
5 Article 4 of the Law on Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets (OG dated July 23, 1983 and numbered 2863): Obligation
for Notification.
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the Projects will be formed according to the related regulation which is Protection of
Cultural and Natural Entities (Law No: 2861 OG publish date: 23.07.1983).
5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
In this section of the EIA Report, possible environmental impacts that will result from
activities to be carried out during construction and operational phase of the Project are
assessed. Main treatment plant, collector lines and pump stations will be built and
operated in project, therefore this section deals with the impacts and mitigation measures
of all of these activities. During the construction phase, main sources of these impacts are
solid and liquid wastes as well as noise and dust emissions. Magnitude of these impacts
on such receiving elements of the environment such as air, water and soil are explained
under respective subtitles, along with the mitigation measures that are required to be
taken in order to minimize these impacts.
5.1 Solid Wastes
5.1.1 Domestic Solid Wastes
Solid waste that may be generated during construction and operational phases comprises
the domestic solid waste from workers, packaging waste and excavation material from
construction works.
The number of employees to be working in the construction and operational phases of the
Main WWTP is 70 and 15, respectively. Solid waste generation is assumed to be 1.34
kg/cap-day, and the amount of domestic solid waste generated in the construction and
operational phases of the Main WWTP is calculated approximately 94 kg/day and 20
kg/day, respectively.
In construction phase of collector lines, 5 employee will be working. Solid waste
generation can be taken 0.67 kg/cap-day like aforementioned part of the project, main
treatment plant, so amount of solid waste generated in the construction phase of collector
lines will be 6.7 kg/cap-day. Collector lines will be full automated, so there is no need for
employee in the operational phase of the collector lines.
There will be built pump stations in scope of the project. 10 employee will be working in
constructional phase of pump stations. Amount of solid waste that will be generated is
13.4 kg/cap-day. There is no need for employee in operational phase.
Domestic solid waste generated in the construction and operational phases of the Project
will be transported to the Municipality’s solid waste dump site with the approval of
Municipality by Municipality’s trucks.
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Waste packages of large piece of equipment as well as packaging waste (e.g. boxes and
bags containing workers’ foods) that may be generated by the workers will be transported
to packaging waste recovery facilities, licensed by the MoEU in compliance with the
Packaging Waste Control Regulation (OG dated 24.06.2007 and numbered 26562).
5.1.2 Wastes Generated at the WWTP in Operational Phase
On the operational phase of the Project, solid waste will be generated by coarse and fine
screens and aerated grit and grease chamber. Solid waste generated in these units will be
transported and disposed of together with domestic solid waste. Collected grease will be
in the form of foam which is handled as solid waste. Analysis will be done if the wasted
foam will be handled as hazardous or non-hazardous solid waste.
Besides such wastes, there will be also treatment sludge. Considering the characteristics
and contribution of the industrial wastewater flow, the treatment sludge is expected to be
non-hazardous.
Ankara Metropolitan Municipality’s Tatlar Wastewater Treatment Plant Sincan will be used
as the final sludge handling location. Produced sludge will be transported with suitable
containment of trucks by Ankara Water and Sewerage Administration (ASKI). Since the
daily produced sludge amount is calculated as 9.88 m3, one (1) truck will be used for the
transportation of sludge. At Tatlar Wastewater Treatment Plant, drying process will be
used to decrease the water content of sludge.
The landfill for disposal of treatment sludge will be handled in compliance with the
pertinent provisions of the Landfilling Regulation (OG dated 26.03.2010 and numbered
27533) regarding sealing layer, leachate collection system, landfill gas management and
water content of sludge etc. According to this Regulation water content of sludge shall be
less than 50%. Table 5-1, provided below, shows the sludge water content after
dewatering and drying processes.
Table 5-1. Technical Specifications of Sludge Handling Units
Unit’s Name Parameter Unit Value
Dewatering (Decanter) Sludge Water Content (Exit) % 18-22
5.1.3 Excavation Material
In the construction phase of the Project, excavation waste will be generated during site
preparation and excavation of foundations of structures. Excavation works will be done for
main treatment plant, collector lines and pump stations. Information about mitigation
measures that should be taken and explained below is for all these three compartments.
Vegetal top soil will be stripped before excavation works. Vegetal soil will be stored in an
appropriate part of the site with slope less than 5%, to be used in landscaping works.
Maximum height of piles will be 1.5 m. Top of the piles will be grassed. Vegetal soil will be
stored separately from other excavation earth, and it will be used in landscaping works.
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Other excavation material will be disposed of in areas designated by the Municipality in
compliance with the Regulation on Control of Excavation Earth and Construction and
Demolition Waste (OG dated 18.03.2004 and dated 25406).
5.1.4 Special Types of Wastes
In this section, provisions about special types of solid waste, for which specific waste
management principals are stipulated in respective regulations.
Waste Batteries and Accumulators
Waste batteries and accumulators will be generated after used batteries and
accumulators of communication devices, electronic equipment and accumulators of
vehicles and construction machines are changed. These waste batteries and
accumulators will be collected and given to the institutions authorized for recycle and
disposal of these wastes in compliance with the Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries
and Accumulators (OG 31.08.2004 and dated 25569). In this regard, the Association of
Producers and Importers of Mobile Batteries (TAP) is the only authorized institution to
collect waste batteries. Sufficient number of special collection boxes for waste batteries
will be obtained from TAP, and located in appropriate locations in the facility. When boxes
are filled, batteries will be sent to TAP free of charge.
Medical Wastes
According to Article 91 of the Occupational Health and Safety Bylaw relating to measures
that shall be taken against accidents in workplaces, there shall be doctor and infirmary in
workplaces with 50 or more workers.
Since the number of workers working in the construction phase of WWTP will be 70, an
infirmary will be established in the Project Site. Considering the size of the Project and
characteristics of the works carried out during construction, it is expected that little amount
of medical waste will be generated in the infirmary. This medical waste will be transported
to the temporary storage site of a medical institute, and disposed in accordance with the
Regulation on Control of Medical Waste (OG dated 22.07.2005 and numbered 25883).
Since the number of workers to be employed during operation phase is less than 50, it is
not obligatory to establish infirmary and hiring a doctor. In case of accidents and injuries
during Project activities, health institutions in Beypazari district center will be used. Hence,
no medical waste will be generated in the Project Site.
Worn-Out Tyres
In case worn-out tyres of vehicles and construction machines are changed in the Project
Site, these tyres will be given to collectors licensed by the MoEU in compliance with the
Regulation on Control of Worn-out Tyres (OG dated 25.11.2006 and numbered 26357).
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5.2 Liquid Wastes
According to Section 3.4.1, water demand of personnel in construction and operational
phases of the Project is taken as 135 L/cap-day. Assuming also that 80 percentage of the
water consumed will be converted into wastewater, the amount of wastewater generated
is calculated as 108 L/cap-day. Therefore, the amount of wastewater to be generated in
the construction and operation phases of the main WWTP is calculated as approximately
7.5 m3/day ve 1.6 m3/day, respectively. Amount of wastewater to be generated in
construction phase of collector lines and pump stations will be 0.54 m3/day and 1.08
m3/day respectively.
Domestic wastewater generated during the construction phase of the Project will be
treated in package treatment plant, and then discharged to the receiving water body,
Inozu Creek. Treated wastewater in construction phase will be discharged to Inozu Creek
satisfying also the standards given in Table 21.1 in the Water Pollution Control Regulation
(OG dated 31.12.2004 and numbered 25687) for domestic wastewater.
Wastewater generated during the operational phase of the WWTP will be treated in the
WWTP satisfying the pertinent criteria given in the Urban Wastewater Treatment
Regulation (see Section 3.4.5), and then discharged to Inozu Creek. According to the
Notification on Sampling and Analysis Methods of the Water Pollution Control Regulation
(OG dated 10.10.2009 and numbered 27372), samples will be taken from the discharged
wastewater once every 15 days during operation of the 1st Stage, and analyzed by a
laboratory accredited by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK), and authorized by the
MoEU. In the 2nd Stage, sampling and analysis frequency will be twice a week.
In addition to this internal monitoring requirement, water samples will be taken by the
Ankara PDoEU once every two months during the 1st Stage and monthly during the 2nd
Stage according to the same notification.
An Environmental Permit for wastewater discharge shall be obtained for the package
treatment plant to be used in the construction phase and for the WWTP in the operational
phase of the Project, in compliance with the Regulation on Permits and Licenses to be
Obtained According to the Environmental Law (OG dated 29.04.2009 and numbered
27214).
According to this Regulation, an Environmental Officer (“Çevre Görevlisi”) with a license
obtained in compliance with the Regulation on Environmental Officers and Consultancy
Firms (REOCF, OG dated 12.11.2010 and numbered 27757) shall be employed during
construction and operational phases. The Environmental Officer shall inspect the
treatment plants in order to ensure that activities related to the treatment plants are
carried out in compliance with the legislation put in force on the basis of the Environmental
Law. Alternatively, the CONTRACTOR or the Municipality can make a contract with a
Consultancy Firm having a license according to the REOCF. In this case, an
Environmental Officer will be assigned by the Consultancy Firm to the treatment plants.
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5.3 Hazardous Wastes
Main types of hazardous waste to be generated in the construction and operational
phases of the Project are oil and air filters, which are changed during maintenance, of
construction and operation machinery (e.g. bulldozer, excavator etc.), waste fabrics used
in maintenance and empty paint and lubricant boxes. Besides these, there may also be
hazardous waste resulting from fluorescent lamps and wasted printer cartridges.
Hazardous waste to be generated within the Project Site during construction and
operation activities will be collected in temporary hazardous waste storage area, which is
surrounded by wire fences, bottom-sealed, and protected from precipitation, in compliance
with the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation (HWCR) (OG dated 14.03.2005 and
numbered 25755). In the context of Waste Management Plan (see Section 7.2.1), workers
will put hazardous waste material in the storage area. Hazardous waste shall not be
stored for more than 180 days. Stored hazardous waste shall be given to firms licensed by
MoEU for collection of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste collected from the Project Site
shall be transferred to licensed intermediate storage areas, and then to hazardous waste
landfills or incineration plants for final disposal.
5.3.1 Sludge
Daily sludge production from dewatering unit is calculated as 9.88 m3. Although the
treatment sludge is expected to be non-hazardous, it will be analyzed according to Annex-
11/A to HWCR, in which criteria for waste to be landfilled in solid waste landfills are given.
After the dewatering process, sludge will be transported to Tatlar Wastewater Treatment
Plant owned by Ankara Metropolitan Municipality located in Sincan.
Possible impacts of the inappropriate handling of the sludge are; odor problem, potential
health risk because of pathogens, toxicity arising from high load of heavy metals.
Mitigation measures to prevent such risks are; application of a site-specific odor control
plan, chemical dosing to reduce pathogen level, and continuous analysis of sludge for the
heavy metals content to classify as “non-hazardous”.
5.4 Waste Lubricant
Construction machines, trucks and cars are the sources of waste lubricant in construction
and operational phases. Repair and maintenance of all the vehicles will be carried out in
authorized services outside the Project Site. Lubricant of construction machinery will be
changed at the Project Site by the personnel of authorized service.
Waste lubricant resulting from maintenance works shall be given to firms licensed by the
MoEU for collection of waste lubricant in compliance with the Waste Lubricant Control
Regulation (OG dated 30.07.2008 and dated 26952). Waste lubricant collected by
licensed firms shall be transferred to licensed waste lubricant recovery plants.
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5.5 Air Emissions
5.5.1 Gas Emissions
It is anticipated that a boiler with thermal power less than 1 MW will be used for heating of
administrative building. The boiler will be operated, and its emissions will be monitored
through periodical measurements in compliance with the Regulation on Control of Air
Pollution due to Heating (OG dated 13.01.2005 and numbered 25699).
Besides heating, there will be air emissions due to exhaust gas of vehicles and
construction and operation machinery. Hourly fuel consumption rate of vehicles and
machinery is anticipated as 50 L, and mass flow rate of pollutants are calculated
accordingly. In these calculations, density of diesel is assumed to be 0.8654 kg/L6.
Emission factors and emission amounts for pollutants emitted from diesel vehicles are
given in Table 5-2 along with the related limit values.
Table 5-2 Emission Factors and Amounts of Pollutants Emitted from Diesel Vehicles and Related Limit Values
Pollutant Emission Factor*
(kg/ton) Emission Amount
(kg/hour) Limit Values**
(kg/hour)
Carbon monoxide 9,7 0,420 50,000
Nitrogen oxides 36 1,558 4,000
Sulfur oxides 6,5 0,281 6,000
Dust 18 0,779 1,500
* Reference: Muezzinoglu, A.,”Principles of Air Pollution and Control” (original Turkish title: ‘Hava Kirliliginin ve Kontrolunun Esaslari’, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Yayinlari, 1987. ** Reference: Table 2-1 in Annex-2 to the Regulation on Control of Industrial Air Pollution (RCIAP) (OG dated 03.07.2009 and numbered 27277)
As it is seen from Table 5-2, air emissions to result from construction machinery are below
the limit values given in Table 2-1 of Annex-2 to RCIAP. Therefore, emissions from
vehicles are not expected to cause an adverse impact on the ambient air quality.
Exhaust emissions of construction machinery and vehicles will be controlled through
regular maintenance. In this respect, provisions of the Circular on Exhaust Gases of Motor
Vehicles (OG dated 30.12.2004 and numbered 2004/13) shall be complied with.
5.5.2 Dust Emissions
The construction activities that may generate dust are listed below.
Transport on unpaved roads,
Site preparation and excavation works,
Transport, utilization and storage of construction materials and
Transport of excavated material.
Dust emissions from construction activities are calculated assuming dust emission factor
of 9.9 gr/m2/day for semi-dry areas. This factor has been calculated based on a formula
6 TMMOB Kimya Muhendisleri Odasi Yayinlari, 1991
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given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) considering
various construction sites. The formula below has been used to calculate dust emission
rates in construction sites:
Dust Emission = 9,9
month
dayxdurationexcavation
mAreax
hour
dayx
m
g
1
30
)(
8
2
2
Considering the worst-case scenario, it is assumed that all the dust emissions will be
generated at the same point. Dust emissions that may result during construction works
are calculated and given below.
It is anticipated that excavation and construction works of WWTP will be carried out in an
area of 45,988 m2. Duration of construction is predicted as 12 months. However, it is
considered that activities likely to cause intense dust emission will be completed in the
first 3 months. Taking this into consideration, dust emission calculations are carried out
below.
Dust Emission = 9.9
month
dayxmonth
mx
hour
dayx
m
g
1
303
)988,45
8
2
2= 632.32 g/hour = 0.63 kg/hour
Excavation and construction works of collector line will be carried out in an area of 53,400
m2. Construction of collector pipe will start and end with construction of WWTP
simultaneously. Duration of construction is predicted as 12 months and activities likely to
cause intense dust emission will be completed in 12 months. It is because; almost all
activity will be excavation process in construction of collector line.
Dust Emission = 9.9
month
dayxmonth
mx
hour
dayx
m
g
1
3012
)400,53
8
2
2= 183.5 g/hour = 0.184 kg/hour
Excavation and construction works of pump 3 pump stations will be carried out in an area
of 450 m2 approximately.(TM-1 200 m2, TM-2 200 m2, TM-3 50 m2) Duration of
construction and duration of activities likely to cause intense dust emission will be 3
months and 1 week respectively.
Dust Emission = 9.9
month
dayxmonth
mx
hour
dayx
m
g
1
304/1
)400
8
2
2= 65.99 g/hour =0.067 kg/hour
Dust emission resulting from construction activities is calculated as 0.88 kg/hour in first 1
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week and 0.814 kg/hour till the end of 3 months. This is below the limit value of 1.0
kg/hour, beyond which air quality modeling study shall be necessary according to Annex-2
to RCIAP. Therefore, an air quality modeling study was not carried out to determine
suspended and settleable dust concentrations. Moreover, these are total values of three
main compartments of the project and they are not in same construction area. Hence, it is
expected that the closest sensitive receptors, which are the houses located approximately
500 m to the north of the WWTP, and houses around collector line and pump stations will
not be adversely affected by the dust emissions resulting from construction works.
Dust emissions due to excavation works may result in following impacts to the
surrounding biological and physical environment.
Impacts on flora by inhibiting photosynthesis,
Disturbance on the terrestrial fauna,
Respiratory illnesses,
Increasing turbidity in surface water.
Impacts due to dust emission will be minimized through implementation of the following
measures:
In order to prevent or minimize dust emission at soil piles, it shall be watered in dry and
windy weather for dampening,
30 km/hour speed limit shall be set on non-paved road,
Roads in the Project site shall be watered to prevent dust formation.
Covering of trucks with canvas.
5.5.3 Odor
In general, no significant odor formation is expected at a WWTP since aeration activity
prevents formation of odorous compounds. Only in certain sections of the WWTP, there
will be odor due to hydrogen sulfide formation caused by lack of oxygen. However, these
sections are generally, small compartments such as distribution structures. Hence, odor
formed in a domestic wastewater treatment plant does not cause significant nuisance in
the vicinity.
Besides, since dominant wind direction is west-southwest, and Beypazari district center is
located about 4 km (as the bird flies) in the north, people living in the district center are not
expected to be adversely affected by the odor formed in the WWTP.
5.6 Noise
The list of construction machinery that will be used in the construction phase of the
WWTP and relevant sound power levels are given in Table 5-3.
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Table 5-3 Construction Machines and Relevant Sound Power Levels
Machines Count Sound Power Level (Lw), dBA
Truck 5 85
Wheel Loader 2 110
Compactor 1 110
Excavator 1 105
Bulldozer 1 120
Noise level calculations have been carried out for the worst-case scenario in which all
machines are working simultaneously. Therefore, actual noise level will be much lower
than the calculated value. It is not possible to provide information about exact locations of
the construction machines.
Equivalent noise level caused by all noise sources is calculated using formula (1) given
below (METU-CEC, 2007). In this formula it is assumed that all the noise sources are at
the same level.
n
i
L
eq
i
L1
1010log10 ………………………………… (1)
In this formula;
n = Number of noise sources,
Li = Sound power level of each source (dBA),
eqL = Total equivalent noise level.
10
12010
10510
11010
11010
85
101101101102105log10 xxxxxLeq = 121.3 dBA
For construction phase of WWTP noise level at the source is calculated as 121.3 dBA
Construction machines that will be used in collector pipe are 2 excavators, 2 compactors
and 4 trucks. According to table 5-3 and formula (1) given above;
10
10510
11010
85
102102104log10 xxxLeq = 114.2 dBA
For construction phase of collector pipe noise level at the source is calculated as 114.2
dBA.
Construction machines that will be used in pump stations are 1 excavator, 1 compactor
and 2 trucks. According to table 5-3 and formula (1) given above;
10
10510
11010
85
101101102log10 xxxLeq = 111.2 dBA
Sound power level (Lp) at a specific distance can be calculated by using the formula (2)
below.
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2..4log10
r
QLL eqP
…………………………………....(2)
Lp : Sound power (i.e. noise) level (dBA)
Q : Constant selected considering the roughness of topography (Q=2)
R : Distance (m)
Atmospheric absorption may decrease the sound power level further since all the activities
will be at the outdoor. However considering the worst case scenario, it is assumed that
atmospheric absorption is negligible and all machines are working at the same point.
Noise level with respect to distance was calculated by using the formula given above, and
calculation results are given in Table 5-4 and Figure 5-1.
Table 5-4 Distribution of Noise with respect to Distance
r (m) LW (dB) WWTP LW (dB) Collector
Line
LW (dB) Pump
Stations
0 121,30 114,2 111,2
10 93,32 86,22 83,22
50 79,34 72,24 69,24
100 73,32 66,22 63,22
200 67,30 60,2 57,2
300 63,78 56,68 53,68
400 61,28 54,18 51,18
500 59,34 52,24 49,24
600 57,76 50,66 47,66
700 56,42 49,32 46,32
800 55,26 48,16 45,16
900 54,23 47,13 44,13
1000 53,32 46,22 43,22
1500 49,80 42,7 39,7
2000 47,30 40,2 37,2
2500 45,36 38,26 35,26
3000 43,78 36,68 33,68
3500 42,44 35,34 32,34
Note: Frequency interval of construction machines is between 500-4000 Hz. Therefore, sound power level at each point is
very close to noise level.
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Figure 5-1 Distribution of Noise with respect to Distance
Noise limit values for construction sites are stipulated in Article 23 of the Regulation on
Control of Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise (RAMEN) (OG dated
04.06.2010 and numbered 27601). These limit values are given in Table 5-5.
Table 5-5 Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites (ÇGDYY Ek-VII, Table 5)
Activity (Construction, Demolition and Repair) Ldaytime (dBA)
Building 70
Road 75
Other Sources 70
According to the Article 23 of RAMEN, noise level due to construction activities shall be
below the limit value of 70 dBA (Table 5 of RAMEN) at such sensitive points as school,
hospital and house. The closest sensitive point to the construction site of WWTP is a
small hut (see Figure 3-5). This hut is approximately 100 m away from the proposed
WWTP area. Hence, the expected noise level at the hut is 73.32 dBA (see Table 5-4),
which is slightly above the limit value given in Table 5-5. Since this hut is not a proper
settlement unit; it is rather used occasionally (see Section 3.5.1). Therefore, a continuous
and heavy nuisance is not expected at the hut.
The next closest settlement is the house located about 500 m to the north of the WWTP.
Expected noise level at this house is 59.34 dBA (see Table 5-3). Therefore, this house is
not expected to be adversely affected from the noise resulting from construction activities.
The closest sensitive point to the construction site of collector line is a mosque. It is
approximately 20m away from collector line. So, the expected noise level at the mosque is
80.2 dBA, which is above the limit value given in Table 5-5. Since the construction of
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Distance (m)
So
un
d P
ow
er
Le
ve
l (d
BA
)
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collector line will be along the line, construction vehicles will not work in same place so
long and employees can excavate and construct 100 m collector line in 1 day, a
continuous and heavy nuisance is not expected at the mosque.
The closest sensitive points to all three pump stations are residential areas and they are
approximately 400m away from collector line. So, the expected noise levels at these
residential areas are 51.18 dBA. Therefore, these residential areas are not expected to be
adversely affected from the noise resulting from construction activities.
Calculating the noise to be resulting from construction machinery and equipment, it is
assumed that all the machines and equipment will be working simultaneously at the same
spot, and atmospheric absorption is neglected. It is expected that the noise level in the
real case will be much lower than this calculated levels In order to minimize the noise
during construction activities, maintenance of the machinery and equipment will be
regularly made.
Considering the characteristics of the construction machines and equipment to be used in
the Project Site, noise that will result from construction activities will not increase the
background noise level near the site considerably.
There will not be any significant impact during operational phase of the Project at the
nearest sensitive receptor.
5.7 Impacts on Flora and Fauna
Since the Project Site is an agricultural area, there is no natural flora structure in the site.
During the operation period of the Project, anthropogenic factors have been expected to
have impact on fauna and flora, therefore on the biological diversity. For this reason;
people who are temporarily or permanently stay within the Project Area will be ensured to
keep the negative impacts on the flora and fauna at the minimum level. The gathering
plant species, the damage on wild animal species, hunting or killing those animals will be
definitely prevented.
But, there is no observation of such an issue on the Project Site. However, a small tunnel,
passing below the road, can be built to be on the safe side.
The construction area might be disturbing for the fauna as well as the adjoining
vegetation. Fencing around the Project Site might help to prevent the inconvenience.
Some species may already have their nests within the construction area. Adequate time
may be given to the animals in order to move out from the Project Site or the nests might
be moved to a similar habitat out of the Project Site. It is highly recommended not to start
the construction period during the reproduction season of the threatened/vulnerable
species.
Trees within the construction site might be important for some species. If this is the case
those trees might be transferred to a close are out of the Project Site.
Turtle (Testuda graeca), yellow snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata), and Asia minor ground
squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) are categorized as near threatened. However,
according to studies (Demirsoy, 2006), these species are widespread and are not
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endangered in Turkey. Therefore, mentioned species will not be affected negatively from
the Project’s construction and operational activities.
During the construction of collector lines, top soil shall be separated and stored in a
different area because, the biological cycle depends on existence of minerals,
microorganisms, and seeds in the vegetative soil. In case of vegetative soil not being
stored under appropriate conditions or mixing with sub-soil, biological cycle will not be
completed. Therefore, growth of plants will be affected. Measure to be taken to prevent
this situation is the laying soil layers separately.
Collector lines will be under the agricultural lands so that natural vegetation will not be
affected negatively by the collector lines construction.
Moreover; Bern Agreement protection measures in regard to the fauna species listed in
Bern Agreement Annex-2 and Annex-3 as well as 6th and 7th articles of the agreement will
be followed in the operation stage of the project.
5.8 Public and Occupational Health and Safety
In the construction phase, there may be some nuisance or safety risks on the local
people. In order to eliminate or minimize such impacts drivers of the vehicles carrying
materials to construction site should obey speed limit of 30 km/hour. There will be barriers
and warning signs around the construction site in order to prevent entry of local people
into the site. There will be also warning signs on the road side in order to warn drivers
about trucks entering or leaving the site. Barriers will be immediately built in excavation
areas to prevent people from falling down. Excavated areas should be covered for public
health or surrounded by warning signs if coverage is not possible. Pipe ends will be
closed to prevent entry of animals.
In order to eliminate occupational health and safety risks in the construction site, barriers
should be employed to prevent landslide in deep excavation areas. National legislation
regarding occupational health and safety will be complied with. Besides, nationally and
internationally accepted procedures should be followed (e.g. use of personal protective
equipment). Occupational health and safety procedures will also be covered in the context
of training (see Section 7.5).
Similarly, provisions in the national legislation regarding occupational health and safety
will be complied with during the operational phase. Besides, nationally and internationally
accepted procedures should be followed (e.g. use of personal protective equipment) in the
operational phase. An Emergency Response Plan regarding accidents that may occur
during WWTP operation should be prepared and approved by the Municipality.
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6 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
As mentioned before, final design studies have been conducted for the Project by the
BoP. As a result of these studies, Final Design Report has been prepared for the WWTP.
In the scope of final design studies, only one treatment system alternative has been
considered. Therefore, our second technology alternative will be “no action”. Similarly,
during design studies, no alternative sites have been considered. Detailed assessment of
these alternatives is given below.
6.1 Alternatives for the Project Site
The BoP has conducted surveys before and during the final design studies in cooperation
with the Municipality. As a result of these studies, an area (see Appendix-A), which is the
property of the Municipality, receiving most of the wastewater by gravity flow, has been
selected.
In this context, no other alternative sites have been considered for the WWTP. Taking
social concerns into account, eliminating resettlement and economic displacement is
favorable. Therefore, the proposed site is deemed appropriate for realizing a Category A
project financed by the WB Group.
6.2 Technology Alternatives
6.2.1 No Action
In the “no action” alternative, wastewater generated within Beypazari District would
continue to be discharged into the receiving surface water medium without any treatment.
In this case, the problems that are mentioned in Section 3.3 will be experienced. Such
problems are the actual reasons behind development of the wastewater engineering, and
have led a significant number of wastewater treatment practices in the entire world.
In this respect, untreated discharge of wastewater will mainly cause extensive pollution in
surface and groundwater. Surface and groundwater pollution will subsequently cause
human health problems (e.g. blue baby disease). Surface water pollution will also trigger
deterioration of aquatic ecology, and adversely affect biodiversity in the river environment.
6.2.2 Selected Alternative
Considering the treatment technologies widely used in the world, suitable processes that
may be used in urban WWTPs are listed below.
Attached growth systems
Trickling filter,
Suspended growth
Stabilization ponds,
Sequencing batch reactor,
Conventional activated sludge system,
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Extended aeration activated sludge system.
All the processes are capable of removing BOD and SS at the required level. However,
since there is a risk of eutrophication in the receiving body where the treated wastewater
will be discharged, treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus is also necessary in compliance
with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive.
In terms of phosphorus removal, each of these processes is not sufficient alone.
Therefore, anaerobic tanks should also be included in these processes for phosphorus
removal. As for the nitrogen removal, aeration duration should be longer. Since sludge
handling also incurs high costs for the operator of the WWTP, extended aeration activated
sludge process has been selected considering that it generates low amount of sludge.
6.2.3 Alternatives for Sludge Management
Composting may be considered as another alternative for the sludge management
technology; however, since this application is not feasible for the Project with respect to
land limitation and soil quality protection issues and also cost point of view, sludge
handling cited in the report is declared as final decision.
Selected method for the sludge handling dewatering (use of decanter) of the sludge.
However, with these methods, deserved solid content can’t be met. Therefore, drying
process is selected for the final handling of the sludge. Drying process will be executed
since the Sludge Drying Facility of Tatlar Wastewater Treatment Plant will become
operational till the end of 2014.
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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 Purpose and Scope
In this chapter, the mitigation measures that shall be taken in order to eliminate or
minimize the environmental effects caused by activities carried out during the
constructional and operational phases of the Project explained and a monitoring plan shall
be used for monitor the environmental effects of the Project is presented. Main treatment
plant, collector lines and pump stations will be built and operated in project, so mitigation
measures and monitoring plan should be taken for these three compartments. The list of
the mitigation measures and monitoring plan is prepared according to both WB standards
and national environmental legislation.
The objectives of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) prepared for the Project are
listed below:
To address the environmental consequences resulting from the activities
performed during construction and operation periods of the Project,
To specify related mitigation measures considering both the national
legislation and WB’s criteria,
To propose environmental monitoring program,
To set-up an institutional structure where environmental issues are followed
up during construction and operational phases of the Project,
To inform local people, governmental and non-governmental organizations
(NGO) about the Project.
7.2 Responsible Parties
Municipality is the main beneficiary of the Project. As it was mentioned before,
Municipality will receive financial support for the Project within the scope of Municipal
Services Additional Financing Project carried out according to the credit agreement signed
between WB and BoP.
Main responsible parties and their responsibilities are given as follows:
WB: Reviews all activities related to the Project that is financed and making
objections or suggestions.
BoP: Accomplishes quality assurance function to satisfy the WB
requirements during preparation of EMP, which is a credit requirement. BoP,
evaluates whether the EMP is feasible or not in terms of format and content
and informs the WB.
DOKAY: is responsible to prepare the EMP of the Project according to the
format provided by the BoP.
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Municipality: as a beneficiary of the Project is responsible to MoEU and IB for
acquiring necessary permission related to Project and taking precautions
mentioned in the EMP.
Contractor: takes the precautions, mentioned in the EMP, for adverse
environmental impacts can be caused by the Project and organizes the
public consultation meetings suggested in the EMP. Contractor will be
responsible to the Municipality.
This EMP presented in the EIA Report, which is prepared as a requirement of the
international credits provided by the WB, will be supported by a sequence of sub plans as
it is the case for other similar infrastructural projects that the WB finances. In this context,
the Waste Management Plan (WMP) and the Pollution Prevention Plan (PPP) will be
prepared simultaneously with the final EMP by the contractor after the construction
tenders. WMP for construction and operational phases will be prepared, and implemented
by the Contractor and Municipality, respectively. The general information about WMP and
PPP in question is presented below:
7.2.1 Waste Management Plan
WMP will present i) collection, ii) storage, iii) treatment and/or disposal methods in the
scope of implementations of waste management and type of wastes that may result at
construction and operation phases of the Project.
The primary references that are used through preparation of the WMP are Pollution
Prevention and Reduction Handbook issued by WB in 1998, IFC General Environmental
Health and Safety Guidelines dated April 30, 2007 and the waste-related regulations
issued by the MoEU, from the national legislation presented in Chapter 2.
7.2.2 Pollution Prevention Plan
The PPP defines the details about the precautions to prevent or minimize the
environmental pollution to be caused by Project activities and the action to be taken in
case of an emerging pollution.
PPP is supposed to include planning about the items below:
Protection of surface and groundwater resources;
Control of dust and other air pollutants; and
Noise control.
7.3 Mitigation Measures
7.3.1 Construction Phase
This EMP including the assessment of measures against environmental impacts that may
occur during construction will be presented to the firms upon request with tender
documents prior to the proposal period. The main responsibilities of the Contractor to be
determined by tender are as presented below:
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Training the construction staff to raise the environmental consciousness and
assigning a person responsible for “Health, Safety and Environment” (HSE)
in order to contribute the environmental performance of the Project,
Fulfilling the requirements of Turkish Environmental Legislation mentioned in
Chapter 2, and taking necessary mitigation measures,
Fulfilling the new national or international legislation that may come into force
or be issued during construction phase in addition to the present legal
framework.
Municipality will assign an engineer responsible for implementing EMP as the authority of
“HSE” and control the compliance with monitoring.
7.3.2 Operation Phase
Municipality will be responsible for fulfilling the requirements of the EMP in the WWTP that
will be constructed by the Contractor. Contractor will submit a commitment that they will
fulfill the terms mentioned in the tender documents.
Municipality’s responsibilities in the operational phase are listed below:
Assigning an HSE engineer to implement the EMP as the HSE authority and
to follow the compliance with internal monitoring,
Training operational and maintenance staff to raise the environmental
consciousness to provide their contribution to the environmental performance
of the Project,
Fulfilling the requirements of Turkish Environmental Legislation mentioned in
Chapter 2 and taking necessary mitigation measures,
In addition to the present legal framework, fulfilling the new national or
international legislation that may come into force or be issued during
operational phase.
Potential environmental impacts that may be generated in water, air, soil and other
receiving media during construction and operational phases of the Project and the
proposed mitigation measures are presented in Table 7-1.
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Table 7-1 Possible Environmental Impacts of the Project and Relevant Mitigation Measures (WWTP)
Phase Issue Mitigation Measures Cost of Mitigation Institutional
Responsibility
Construction Excavated material
and construction waste
Excavated material will be used in construction as much as possible.
Remaining material will be disposed of in the dump sites designated by
the Municipality.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Vegetal top soil
Vegetal top soil will be stripped before excavation works and piled in a suitable part of the Project Site. It
shall be stored in areas with a maximum slope of 5%. Maximum
storage It will be used in landscaping works.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Noise and vibration (excavation works)
Noise generated during construction activities will not exceed 70 dBA at
the nearest house. Local people will be warned before activities causing nuisance, and regular maintenance
of construction machinery will be made. Contractor will assign staff for warning people living nearby by visits
to their houses. When it is necessary to continue
construction activities during evening and nighttime consent will be
obtained from Ankara PDoEU. Also, local military police will be notified for
working during nighttime.
No cost implementation
Contractor
Construction Gas emissions Regular maintenance of construction
machinery and vehicles will be carried out.
No cost implementation
Contractor
Construction Dust
Work sites will be watered under dry and windy weather conditions.
Loading and unloading of excavated material will be carried out in a way to minimize dust emission. 30 km/hour of speed limit will be set for unpaved
roads. Trucks will be covered with canvas.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste will be
disposed of in the current dump site. Included in the civil
works Contractor
Construction
Hazardous and special types of wastes (such as paint remains,
Hazardous wastes will be handled in compliance with Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes,
Regulation on Waste Oil, Regulation on Control of Used Batteries and
Accumulators, Medical Waste Control Regulation and Regulation on Control of Worn-out Tyres (i.e., collection and disposal of these
wastes by a company licensed by the MoEU).
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Domestic wastewater
Domestic wastewater will be treated in package treatment plant at the
Project Site. Treated wastewater will be discharged to Inozu Creek.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Sludge
Treatment sludge to be formed at the package treatment plant will be
analyzed according to Annex 11/A to HWCR in order to see whether it is
hazardous or not, and it will be temporarily stored in closed
containers in the project site or given to licensed firms collecting hazardous
waste.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
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Phase Issue Mitigation Measures Cost of Mitigation Institutional
Responsibility
Construction Public health and
safety
Drivers of the vehicles carrying materials to construction site should
obey speed limit of 30 km/hour. Barriers will be immediately built in excavation areas to prevent people from falling down. Excavated areas should be covered for public health or surrounded by warning signs if
coverage is not possible. Pipe ends will be closed to prevent entry of
animals.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Occupational health
and safety
Barriers should be employed to prevent landslide in deep excavation areas. National legislation regarding
occupational health and safety will be complied with. Besides, nationally
and internationally accepted procedures should be followed (e.g.
use of personal protective equipment).
Occupational health and safety procedures will also be covered in the context of training (see Section
7.5).
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Cultural heritage
Construction works will be stopped immediately in case any cultural heritage is encountered during construction Relevant museum
directorate will be notified. Construction activities will continue
according to provisions of the museum directorate.
To be determined according to
correspondences made with the
museum directorate
Municipality
Construction Fauna Small tunnel passing below the road may be constructed to be on the safe
Monthly environmental monitoring reports in which environmental
performance of the Project is evaluated according to EMP requirements.
7.4.2 Operational Phase
In the operational phase less environmental impact is expected than in the construction
phase. Municipality will prepare and submit environmental monitoring reports to the BoP
semi-annually.
Monitoring plan related with the Project is given in Table 7-2.
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Table 7-2 Monitoring Plan
Phase What
parameter is to be monitored?
Where is the parameter to be
monitored?
How is the parameter to be monitored/
type of monitoring equipment?
When
is the parameter to be monitored-frequency of measurement or
continuous?
Monitoring Cost
Responsibility
Construction
Vegetative top soil conditions (max. height of
the storage: 1.5 m and max. slope of storage site:
5%, grass over piles)
Excavation and storage sites
Site observation Daily by construction staff No cost
implementation Contractor
Construction Noise and vibration (Excavated works)
Closest sensitive receptor
(e.g. in the backyard of the nearest house)
Noise measurement with a calibrated sound level meter and comparison with the limit values
stipulated in RAMEN
Monthly and especially during the activities that increase noise levels
(measurements should be performed more frequently
depending on the complaint of the public)
Measurements will be repeated when an activity expected to
generate significant level of noise and vibration is carried out or activities are carried out in the
evening or nighttime.
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Dust Closest sensitive
receptor Site observation and
measurements with a PM10 device
Monthly measurements after construction starts and during
construction works that increase dust formation (measurements
should be performed more frequently depending on the
complaint of the public)
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Domestic solid waste
disposal method Camp site and
construction site Site observation and
environmental monitoring Daily by construction staff
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Domestic wastewater
disposal method Package treatment
unit
Measurement of wastewater level and parameters of the wastewater
at the outlet of the package treatment unit before being
discharged into the receiving body.
Weekly by construction staff No cost
implementation Contractor
Construction Hazardous waste disposal
method Camp site and
construction site
Site observation and by checking documents obtained by firms
licensed by MoEU for collection and disposal of hazardous waste
Daily by construction staff Included in the civil
works Contractor
Construction Public health and safety
measures Camp site and
construction site Site observation Daily by construction staff
Included in the civil works
Contractor
Construction Occupational health and
safety measures Construction site
Internal Health, safety, environment (HSE) monitoring to
check whether Occupational Health and Safety Bylaw is
complied with
Daily by construction staff Included in the civil
works Contractor
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Phase What
parameter is to be monitored?
Where is the parameter to be
monitored?
How is the parameter to be monitored/
type of monitoring equipment?
When
is the parameter to be monitored-frequency of measurement or
continuous?
Monitoring Cost
Responsibility
Operation Solid wastes disposal
method Operation and
maintenance sites Site observation and
environmental monitoring
Daily records and assessment of monthly solid waste generation.
Annual monitoring in the context of WMP.
Included in the operational costs
Municipality
Operation Quality of treated
wastewater Discharge point
Analysis of parameters given in the Urban Wastewater Treatment
Directive*
For internal monitoring: Once every 15 days (1
st Stage)
Twice a week (2nd
Stage) For PDoEU’s monitoring: Once every two months (1
st Stage)
Monthly (2nd
Stage)
Included in the operational costs
Operation Sludge
Sludge dewatering unit and final
transportation to Tatlar WWTP
Operational records of the WWTP Daily by the operational staff Included in the
operational costs Municipality
Operation Odor Nearest settlements Qualitative assessment through interview with people living in the
nearest houses -
No cost implementation
Municipality
Operation Occupational health and
safety measures WWTP
Internal HSE monitoring to check whether Occupational Health and
Safety Bylaw is complied with Daily by the operational staff
Included in the operational costs
Municipality
* Municipality will establish a laboratory, which will be accredited by TURKAK, and authorized by the MoEU for analyzing water samples. Alternatively, the MUNCIPALITY can sign a contract with a private laboratory having the necessary qualifications to carry out analyzes.
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7.5 Institutional Strengthening
In general, in this section of EMP’s, the recommendations related to the institutional
strengthening are provided in order to ensure that environmental measures are applied for
an environmentally sound and sustainable project development.
In this context, in the construction phase of the Project, Municipality will hire an
environmental consultant to follow up whether requirements of the EMP will be
implemented. This environmental consultant should be a company or establishment
authorized by the MoEU in compliance with the Regulation on Environmental Inspection
(see Chapter 2). Environmental consultant will be basically responsible for coordination
between the Municipality and the Contractor, which is responsible for environmental
monitoring to be carried out in the construction phase. Alternatively, Municipality can have
an Environmental Officer within its organization in order to carry out the same task. An
environmental consultant or Environmental Officer of the Municipality will be employed for
the same purpose in the operational phase as well.
7.5.1 Equipment Purchase
Environmental measurements and analyzes will be carried out by a company authorized
by the MoEU for carrying out environmental measurements and analyses according to the
requirements of the Turkish environmental legislations and a laboratory accredited by
Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK). Therefore, Municipality does not need to
purchase equipment for environmental monitoring.
7.5.2 Training
Environmental consultant will assign an environmental engineer7 to inspect the proposed
environmental monitoring works at the Project Site. Prior to the execution of the
environmental monitoring works, environmental engineer will carry out a training
campaign in order to increase the awareness of the construction staff about environment
and occupational health and safety and to convey the requirements of the EMP.
The scope of the training will include mainly the scope of the EMP, the relevant
environmental legislation of Turkey, requirements of the WB and the following concepts
should be included in the training program:
Understanding of the Project’s environmental requirements and their
implementation at the site by the staff (i.e. what kind of environmental impacts are
expected and what kind of mitigation measures are proposed; where and how to
take these measures);
Occupational health and safety procedures to be followed at the site;
Understanding of the procedures to be followed in improper situations;
Reporting principals and understanding rules;
7 Environmental Engineer, is an authorized person as “Environmental Officer (in Turkish: Çevre Gorevlisi)” according to the
Environmental Audit Regulation
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The Project’s environmental dimension and informing the related official institutions
about it;
Understanding how to treat the public and media visiting the site; and
Understanding how to act in case of unexpected environmental accidents.
The Contractor is in charge of keeping the records related to the environmental training of
the staff. Internal HSE monitoring should test the effectiveness and the adequacy of the
training.
7.5.3 Consultancy Services
The environmental engineer assigned by the Municipality will do provide environmental
consultancy services to ensure the compliance with environmental rules and regulations
as well as guidelines and to meet the requirements that may occur during audits by the
WB or local authorities such as Ankara PDoEU.
The environmental engineer will carry out monitoring work outlined in Section 7.4 and will
hold meetings with construction contractor to obtain information about the progress in the
works as well as environmental issues encountered.
7.5.4 Public Relationship
Handling with Complaints
During the construction phase of the Project, the Contractor will prepare a procedure to
direct complaints to the Municipality. The Municipality is responsible to deliver the phone
numbers, mail and e-mail addresses to interest groups (local people and NGO’s) for
receiving and recording any complaints. Hence, a public relations mechanism will be
constructed by the Municipality for the complaints from local people, NGO’s and
governmental establishments of the district.
In this regard, any complaints received will be recorded by a Complaints Desk to be
formed within the Municipality. Complaints will be recorded by this unit, and directed to the
Directorate of Water Network. After evaluating the complaints, the department will force
the Contractor to take necessary corrective action. The complainant will be informed
about the progress after necessary measures are taken and the subject environmental
problem is resolved. All records of complaints and relative action taken will be recorded by
the Complaints Desk.
A public relation mechanism should be established by the Municipality in the operational
phase of the Project like the one developed in the construction phase and the public
relations process will be followed by this mechanism in order to evaluate complaints and
suggestions from people.
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7.6 Institutional Arrangements
This section gives information about how and by whom the environmental monitoring data
will be used.
7.6.1 Construction Phase
The Municipality is the responsible party to minimize or eliminate possible environmental
impacts of the Project. Therefore, to guarantee the environmental performance of the
Project, the Contractor will be aware of his/her responsibilities in the construction period.
In this way, the Contractor will be aware of the environmental responsibilities and the
requirements of Project.
Contractor will perform the following activities for a balanced environmental performance:
Assigning his/her own HSE personnel to implement the EMP,
Working in coordination with Environmental Engineer to ensure that the personnel
working in the construction period are trained to raise the consciousness on
environmental issues and EMP requirements,
Minimization of the emissions and noise originating from the construction
equipment, protection of water resources, compliance with the requirements of
EMP.
The Contractor, who will conduct the environmental monitoring studies according to the
issues stated in the EMP under the control of the Municipality and Environmental
Engineer, will present the results to the Municipality with environmental monitoring
reports.
The Municipality will evaluate the monitoring reports which are presented by the
Contractor in terms of related environmental measures. Moreover, the Municipality will
keep a copy of the environmental monitoring reports and submit another copy to the field
office of the Contractor to present it to authorities in the controls that will be made by
Ankara PDoEU.
When non-compliance is detected by the PDoEU, the Contractor will resolve the situation
and declare it to the Municipality.
Within the context of this EMP, the task distribution concerning anticipated activities in the
construction phase is presented in Table 7-3.
Table 7-3 Task Distribution Related to the Construction Phase EMP Requirements
(R: responsible, S: supervisor, A: assistant)
Task Item Contractor Municipality
Environmental Quality Monitoring R1 S
Training of Key Personnel2
R S
Training of Staff R S
Corrective Actions R S
Internal Monitoring R S
Reporting R S
Relations with the Media A S3
Handling Complaints R S 1 Measures should be conducted by the qualified institutions and establishments according to the national legislation.
2 Training activities will be carried out in coordination with the environmental engineer.
3 Relations with the media are the responsibility of the Municipality as a requirement of general implementation rules of public investments. This forbids the Contractor from arranging a direct meeting with the media.
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7.6.2 Operational Phase
As the proposed environmental monitoring works for the operation phase are very limited
and the organizational structure of the operational staff is not certain yet, there is no
detailed proposal for institutional arrangements at the moment. In short, there should be
one HSE officer in the organizational structure of the Municipality who will be responsible
for following up the EMP requirements, related to the operational phase, and for
coordination with the environmental engineer to be appointed by Municipality.
7.7 Consultation with NGO’s and Project Affected Groups
A public relation mechanism should be set up and applied throughout the construction and
operational phases of the Project. In this respect, local people and NGO’s as well as local
authorities will be informed about the Project progress. Hence, any public objection that
might be raised by local people due to lack of information could be prevented and good
relations between the local people and the Municipality as well as contractors can be
established and maintained. However, there is no complaint about the Project by local
people or NGO’s until now.
Any complaint rose by local people or NGO’s will be recorded and followed up whether or
not corrective actions, if necessary, are taken. Therefore, a log book for such complaints
will be available at the site office (during the construction phase) or power plant
administrative building (during the operational phase).
7.7.1 Construction Phase
During the construction phase, periodic public consultation meetings (PCM) will be held in
Beypazari. In these meetings, the relevant stakeholders (local people, representatives of
local NGO’s as well as local authorities) will be informed about the progress of the project
development.
A separate section will be allocated for the public relation activities in the environmental
monitoring reports to be prepared by the Environmental Engineer in the context of the
Project
The first PCM before the construction of the Project was held on 09.06.2010 at 14.00 in
the Beypazari Public House. Many people from Beypazari district center attended the
meeting. Detailed information about PCM is given in Appendix-C.
The second PCM was held on 10.01.2011 at 11:00 in the Beypazari Public House. In this
meeting, local people, local authorities and representatives of WB and BoP are informed
about the specifications of the Project such as units operations and processes.
Information being provided in the second PCM about the construction period of the Project
is described below:
Construction and commissioning period of the Project is estimated to be 2 years.
Domestic solid waste amount is calculated as 94 kg/day.
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Waste batteries/accumulators, tyres and medical wastes will be collected and
disposed by licensed firms.
Hazardous wastes will be temporarily stored then will be collected by licensed
firms.
Dust preventive measures will be taken such as speed limitation and watering
during the construction.
Expected noise will be 59.34 dBA in the nearest sensitive receptor.
Occupational Health and Safety measures will be taken to prevent any dangerous
situation for workers.
7.7.2 Operational Phase
During the operational phase of the project, regular PCMs should also be held. During
PCMs, minutes of meeting will be taken together with a list of participants who will sign an
attendance sheet. These records should be kept by the Municipality.
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REFERENCES
[1] Beypazarı (Ankara) Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi Kesin Proje Raporu (“Final Design
Report”), Mavi Mühendislik, September 2007.
[2] Helvacı, B. ve Bozkurt, S., 1994, Beypazarı (Ankara) granitinin jeolojisi,
mineralojisi ve petrojenezi (“Geology, mineralogy and petrogeny of Beypazari
granite”):Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni (“Geological Bulletin of Turkey”), C.37, Sayı 2,31-42.
[3] Özgüm, C., Gökmenoğlu, O.,ve Erduran, B., 2003, Beypazarı Doğal Soda (Trona)
Sahası İzotop Hidrolojisi Çalışmaları (“Isotope Hydrology Survey in Trona Field in
Beypazari”), Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü (“General Directorate of Mineral
Research and Exploration”), Ankara.
[4] Environmental Performance Report for Ankara Province (2008) p.401. Ankara
Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry.
[URL-1] Official website of Beypazari Municipality (www.beypazari-bld.gov.tr).
[URL-2] Official website of Directorate of Education in Beypazari
(beypazari.meb.gov.tr).
[URL-3] Official website of Chamber of Trade in Beypazari
(www.beypazarito.tobb.org.tr).
[URL-4] Official website of Ankara Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism