Beyond ubiquitous computing Two hopeful ideas to drive us forward together GREGORY D. ABOWD [email protected] SCS HALLOWEEN TGIF FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2015
Beyond ubiquitous computing
Two hopeful ideas to drive us forward togetherGREGORY D. ABOWD [email protected]
SCS HALLOWEEN TGIF FR IDAY, OCTOBER 30 , 2015
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Goals
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Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Goals
1. Motivate colleagues (faculty, staff, students) across campus to come together to address interesting research opportunities.
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Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Goals
1. Motivate colleagues (faculty, staff, students) across campus to come together to address interesting research opportunities.
2. Feed your mind as well as your stomach.
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Goals
1. Motivate colleagues (faculty, staff, students) across campus to come together to address interesting research opportunities.
2. Feed your mind as well as your stomach.
3. Thank some people who have helped shape and present my ideas
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Outline
● A brief history of computing, 1936-2003○ 3 generations of technology, culminating with ubiquitous computing
● Beyond Weiser’s ubicomp, 2003-present○ A 4th generation has emerged ○ First hopeful idea: CampusLife
● 2020 vision○ Predicting a 5th generation of computing technology ○ Second hopeful idea: Computational Skin
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A brief history of computing 1936 - 2003
67 years in 67 seconds (± 67 seconds)
New computing technologies create new perceptions of the human-computer relationship
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First, there was Turing
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid ‘30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
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Then, there was Kay
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
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Finally, there was Weiser
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear.”
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Finally, there was Weiser
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear.”
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Finally, there was Weiser
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear.”
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Finally, there was Weiser
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear.”
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
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Weir’s ubicomp was great, up to a point
“The most profound research topics are those that disappear.”
- Gregory D. AbowdUbicomp 2012
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Beyond Weiser’s ubicomp 2003-present
The fourth generation of computing has already arrived and it offers an interesting empowerment
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Generation 4: What is it?
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
4 ?? ?? ?? ??
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Generation 4: A logical extension
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
4 Mid 00’s Many — Many ?? ??
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Generation 4 Technologies The “cloud”
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Generation 4 Technologies The “crowd”
The “cloud” The “crowd”
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Generation 4 Technologies Internet of Things …
The “cloud” The “crowd”
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Generation 4 Technologies … + Wearables = …
The “cloud” The “crowd”
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Generation 4 Technologies The “shroud”
The “cloud” The “crowd”
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Generation 4: Canonical technology
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
4 Mid 00’s Many — ManyCloudCrowdShroud
??
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Application: Personal navigation
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Generation 4: Application Theme
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Generation 4: Application Theme
Collective Computing
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Generation 4: Application Theme
Collective ComputingUsing the cloud to merge data from the shroud with intelligence from the crowd rapidly empowers the individual with specialized expertise
beyond her training.
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Generation 4: Application Theme
Collective ComputingUsing the cloud to merge data from the shroud with intelligence from the crowd rapidly empowers the individual with specialized expertise
beyond her training.
The individual can harness on-demand expertise.
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Generation 4Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
4 Mid 00’s Many — ManyCloudCrowdShroud
Initial: Personal nav. & ent.
Follow-on: 2015-2025 examples of on-demand harnessing of expertise
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First hopeful idea: CampusLife
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First hopeful idea: CampusLife
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How does the digital footprint of a campus community reflect or predict its wellness?
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Why is this important?
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● College life can be overwhelming for young adults just growing into independence.
● How can a campus community understand the sources of stress in such a way as to promote a balanced and healthy academic career, and avoid painful loss?
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Inspiration: StudentLife
● 70 ugrads and grads in a 10-week course were given instrumented Android phones to collect evidence of their activities over a 10-week period.
● 2 Best Paper awards (2014 & 2015) resulted from public dataset analysis showing predictions of depression and academic performance.
http://studentlife.cs.dartmouth.edu/Andrew Campbell
Today, we can and will do more, particularly as we think about all 4th generation technologies.
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Relevance to 4th generation
● There are new opportunities to understand the link between human activity and wellness outcomes○ Shroud: on- or near-body sensing as well as interaction with the environment ○ Crowd: social media activities; crowd-sourced peer mentoring ○ Cloud: data analytics over a whole community
● Empower the student to be her own counselor
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Goal
By 2017, be able to commence an experiment of CampusLife to track the entire educational career for all entering first-year students.
The journey begins Thursday, November 5, 2015!
Please consider jumping aboard.
Andrew Campbell Dartmouth
Anind Dey CMU
Tanzeem Choudhury Cornell
Munmun De Choudhury Georgia Tech
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2020 Vision
Towards a 5th generation of computing technology
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What did Weiser write in 1991?
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
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What did Weiser write in 1991?
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
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Today
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Today
Printed electronics
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Today
Printed electronics
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Today
Computing elements attached to already manufactured objects
Printed electronics
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The fabrication processes for conventional materials (e.g., textile fibers, paper) are modified to embed computational capabilities.
Tomorrow
Yoel Fink, silicon nanowires embedded in textile fibers
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Who could possibly do this?
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We can!
Eric VogelMS&E
Michael FillerCHBE
Manos TentzerisECE
Tom ConteCS
Hadi EsmaeilzadehCS
Gregory AbowdIC
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We can!
Eric VogelMS&E
Michael FillerCHBE
Manos TentzerisECE
Tom ConteCS
Lincoln LauhonNorthwestern
Joe ParadisoMIT
Daniel HerrUNC Greensboro
Hadi EsmaeilzadehCS
Gregory AbowdIC
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Second hopeful idea: Computational Skin
Generation Vision began People-to-Device ratio Canonical technology Applications
1 Mid 30’s Many – 1 MainframeInitial: Scientific calculation
Follow-on: Data processing
2 Late 60’s 1 - 1 PCInitial: Spreadsheet
Follow-on: database mgt, document processing
3 Late 80’s 1 — ManyInchFootYard
Initial: Calendar/contact mgt; Human-human comms
Follow-on: location services, social media, app ecosystem, education, advertising
4 Mid 00’s Many — Many Cloud/Crowd/Shroud
Initial: Personal nav. & ent.
Follow-on: 2015-2025 examples of on-demand harnessing of expertise
5 2020 ?? Computational skin ??
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Computational Skin: What is it?
Advances in materials engineering and manufacturing will result in the surface of any object being able to perform basic computational
operations.
○ Store information ○ Compute logical operations ○ Communicate within and between surfaces through contact ○ Sense and actuate ○ Harvest their own power to perform the above
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Computational Skin: What is it?
Advances in materials engineering and manufacturing will result in the surface of any object being able to perform basic computational
operations.
○ Store information ○ Compute logical operations ○ Communicate within and between surfaces through contact ○ Sense and actuate ○ Harvest their own power to perform the above
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Computational Skin: What is it?
Advances in materials engineering and manufacturing will result in the surface of any object being able to perform basic computational
operations.
○ Store information ○ Compute logical operations ○ Communicate within and between surfaces through contact ○ Sense and actuate ○ Harvest their own power to perform the above
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
Computational Skin: What is it?
Advances in materials engineering and manufacturing will result in the surface of any object being able to perform basic computational
operations.
○ Store information ○ Compute logical operations ○ Communicate within and between surfaces through contact ○ Sense and actuate ○ Harvest their own power to perform the above
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
What is really new here?
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What is really new here?Technical breakthroughs● Non-silicon based computational substrate manufactured at high
throughput● Inextricable/natural connection between the physical and digital● Power harvesting possible because of large surface area● Rethinking communication needs
Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15Gregory D. Abowd, SCS Lecture 10 / 30 / 15
What is really new here?Technical breakthroughs● Non-silicon based computational substrate manufactured at high
throughput● Inextricable/natural connection between the physical and digital● Power harvesting possible because of large surface area● Rethinking communication needs
Applications breakthroughs● We are at a critical transition point: A compelling system-level
application is needed to direct the development of the nanomaterials themselves, as well as inform the design of devices and circuits based on them.*
* J. Holdren and E. S. Lander, "Report to the President and Congress on the Fifth Assessment of the National Nanotechnology Initiative," President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, www.nano.gov, 2014.
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Application domains: The classroom
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Application Domains: Asset tracking
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Application Domains: Food safety
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Application Domains: Voting
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Image courtesy of Dingtian Zhang
Application Domains: Whole living spaces
The home
The car
The office
The campus
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Where to start?
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COSMOSCOmputational Skin for Multifunctional
Objects and Systems
“COSMOS envisions a transformative technological shift: a world where all physical objects and surfaces are covered with “computational skins” consisting of embedded, dense, high performance, seamlessly networked computational nodes which can process, store, and communicate sensor data and be powered via energy harvested from the environment. ”
Eric Michael Manos
Tom Hadi Gregory
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Conclusions
● Thinking beyond Weiser’s ubicomp, there is a lot we can do to define the future of computing
● A 4th generation has emerged with new technologies and application themes○ Cloud/crowd/shroud and on-demand harnessing of expertise ○ First hopeful idea: CampusLife
● A 5th generation is around the corner○ Computational skin lets us completely rethink what the computer is and its relationship
to the physical world. ○ Second hopeful idea: COSMOS
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Parting thoughts
These hopeful ideas provide lots of opportunities for all aspects of computing. ○ Success requires collaboration within and beyond computing ○ If I didn’t make that clear, then I failed in this talk, and I apologize.
“It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit.” - Harry S. Truman
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Important follow up
Thursday, Nov. 5
CampusLife
noon-1 @ TSRB Banquet Hall GVU BB talk by Andrew Campbell
Munmun and Gregory will lead IPaT Thursday Think Tank
Contact Gregory or Munmun to get involved
3:30-5 @ Centergy, 6th Floor
Computational SkinSpring Semester 2016
Seminar series across CoC, ECE, Materials Science and ChemBio
Contact Eric, Michael, Manos or Gregory to get involved