Beyond the Bench 2013 “Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we now?” CALIFORNIA JUVENILE JUSTICE

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Beyond the Bench 2013Beyond the Bench 2013““Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we Juvenile Justice Reform– where are we

now?”now?”

CALIFORNIACALIFORNIAJUVENILE JUSTICE JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS UPDATETRENDS UPDATE

December 2, 2013 – Anaheim, CADecember 2, 2013 – Anaheim, CAPresented by David SteinhartPresented by David Steinhart

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COVERAGECOVERAGE

Juvenile crime and incarceration Juvenile crime and incarceration trendstrends Arrest and incarceration trendsArrest and incarceration trends Juveniles tried & sentenced as adultsJuveniles tried & sentenced as adults

Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) updateDivision of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) update

Juvenile Justice Realignment– funding, Juvenile Justice Realignment– funding, county county level issueslevel issues

The Board of State and Community The Board of State and Community CorrectionsCorrections The Juvenile Justice Standing CommitteeThe Juvenile Justice Standing Committee

2012-13 legislative update2012-13 legislative update

3333

California juvenile arrest andCalifornia juvenile arrest and

incarceration trends, andincarceration trends, and

prosecutions of minors as prosecutions of minors as adultsadults

4444

California Arrests of Juveniles California Arrests of Juveniles 20122012

Status Offenses 16,392

Felony other26,931

Felony violent9,437

Misdemeanor67,960

2012TOTAL JUVENILE

ARRESTS 120,720

(down by 50% from243,090 in 2002)

Source: California Department of Justice

Commonweal

55

8791685640

82748

76104

685036388963993

61539608785987161161651896619164963

58555

52020

43403

36368

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale) Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)

Source: California Department of Justice (Rates updated 2012(based on revised DOF at risk population for years beginning 2003).

California Juvenile Felony Arrests andCalifornia Juvenile Felony Arrests andJuvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000Juvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000

1995-20121995-2012

Commonweal

6666

California Arrests for VIOLENT crimesCalifornia Arrests for VIOLENT crimesJuvenile and Adult Arrest Juvenile and Adult Arrest RateRate Per 100,000 Per 100,000

1995-20121995-2012

100

200

300

400

500

600

70019

95

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Juvenile Adult

Source: California Department of Justice (Rates for 2003-2102 based on revised DOF at risk population data)

Commonweal

7777

California Juvenile ArrestsCalifornia Juvenile Arrestsfor Misdemeanors and Status Offensesfor Misdemeanors and Status Offenses

1995-20121995-2012

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Status offenses Misdemeanors

Source: California Department of Justice (Rates for 2003-2102 based on revised DOF at risk population data)

Commonweal

8888

California Transfers of Juveniles California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2011to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2011

252318 275

335 346254 226

283343

724

866769 716 686

535661

929

11231201

1115

970912

399

654

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Juvenile court remand to adult court

Prosecutor direct file in adult court

Total transferred to adult court

Source: California Department of JusticeCommonweal

99

Adult Court Dispositions of Juveniles – 2011

(N = 548 dispositions)

Convicted461 (84%)

Dismissed,Acquitted or

Rt’d to Juv. Ct.87 (16%)

State Prison291 (63%)

Probation10 (2%)

Probation with Jail140 (30%)

Jail8 (2%)

Fine / Other9 (2%)

Source: California Department of Justice.

DJJ Commitment 3 (<1%)

Commonweal

10101010

California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesCalifornia Juvenile Justice FacilitiesADP for juvenile justice (probation) ADP for juvenile justice (probation)

placementsplacementsBy placement type (4By placement type (4thth quarter 2009 and 2012) quarter 2009 and 2012)Total Total ADP 2009 = 13,910 : Total ADP 2012 = 10,390ADP 2009 = 13,910 : Total ADP 2012 = 10,390

Three year decline of 25%Three year decline of 25%

Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research), latest available data.

Co. Juvenile Halls5,920

Co. Probation Camps 3,650

Private Placements2,940

State DJJ1,400

Commonweal

State DJJ750

Co. Probation Camps 2,730

Co. Juvenile Halls4,350

Private Placements2,560

2009 2012

11111111

Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)

Update and trendsUpdate and trends

12121212

California Division of Juvenile FacilitiesCalifornia Division of Juvenile FacilitiesInstitutional PopulationInstitutional Population

1996 – 2012 (as of December 31 each year) 1996 – 2012 (as of December 31 each year)

9572

85998083

76667305

6497

5557

4696

36782999

26472293

1734160212751031752

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation

SB 81

Commonweal

13131313

1996: 1996: Sliding scale feesSliding scale fees imposed for level V-VII imposed for level V-VII commitments– CYA population drops swiftly commitments– CYA population drops swiftly

2000: 2000: Proposition 21Proposition 21 opens new doors to adult court opens new doors to adult court

2004: 2004: Consent Decree in Consent Decree in FarrellFarrell case case vs. CYA– vs. CYA– generates generates program costs that are catalysts for SB program costs that are catalysts for SB 81 81

2007: 2007: SB 81SB 81 bans future commitments of non-707 bans future commitments of non-707 youthyouth

2010: 2010: DJJ parole is realignedDJJ parole is realigned to county probation to county probation

2012: Governor 2012: Governor proposes to close DJJproposes to close DJJ, proposal dies , proposal dies but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is loweredlowered

Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Justice Justice

Major Milestones 1996 -2012Major Milestones 1996 -2012

DJJ POP

10,000

750

Commonweal

1414

Annual Juvenile Court Commitments to Annual Juvenile Court Commitments to DJJDJJ

All Counties – 2003 through 2012All Counties – 2003 through 2012

1168

835 816

647

467402

333 341276

148

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Juv. Court Commitments to DJ J

15151515

Juv Court Commitment Juv Court Parole ViolatorAdult Court E & M Cases County contract housing

Juvenile Court 1st Commitments (590)

Adult Court E & M Cases (129)

Juv. Court Parole Violators ( 3)(too few to show on pie chart)

Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Div.

DJJ Institutional Population June 1, 2013DJJ Institutional Population June 1, 2013by Court and Type of Commitmentby Court and Type of Commitment

N= 762 inmatesN= 762 inmates

Commonweal

County contract housing ( 40)

1616

DJJ “Downsizing” Outcomes – 2012-13

GOVERNOR’S EARLY 2012 PROPOSAL TO CLOSE DJJ COMPLETELY WAS SUCCESSFULLY OPPOSED BY COUNTIES. In lieu of closure, these downsizing controls were legislated:

Disciplinary time adds to sentence were eliminated completely

Top DJJ age of jurisdiction dropped from 25 to 23

The county commitment fee was reinstated at $ 24,000 per ward per year (replacing a prior year fee of $125,000 that nobody

liked)

State DJJ parole ended January 2013– now conditions violations are processed locally under court and probation supervision

No significant DJJ legislation compelling further downsizing was adopted in 2013

Commonweal

1717

Juvenile Justice Realignment--

County level issues

18181818

Funding the CA Juvenile Justice Funding the CA Juvenile Justice System--System--

Annual costs and fund sources Annual costs and fund sources ((2012)2012)

State Div. of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Total budget $ 180 million

$ 180 millionState General Fund

County Probation Juv. Justice facilitiesand programs- total $1.7 billion

$1.25 billion est.County General Funds

$390 millionCA State Grants and Funds

$15 million est.Federal Funds

Sources: CA State Dept. of Finance; CDCR (DJJ and the Corrections Standards Authority); CA State Juv. Justice Commission (Master Plan, 2009)

Commonweal

19191919

State support for local juvenile justice State support for local juvenile justice operations under 2011-12 realignmentoperations under 2011-12 realignment

Fund or ProgramFund or Program FY 12/13 FY 12/13 FY 13/14FY 13/14

2007 Juv. Justice 2007 Juv. Justice Realignment (SB 81)Realignment (SB 81)

$93 million$93 million $ 103 million$ 103 million

2010 Div. Juv. Justice 2010 Div. Juv. Justice Parole RealignmentParole Realignment

$ 6 million$ 6 million $ 6 million$ 6 million

Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Act (JJCPA)Act (JJCPA)

$ 107 million $ 107 million $ 107 million$ 107 million

Juvenile ProbationJuvenile Probation

Camp Funds- Camp Funds- CampsCamps$29 million$29 million $29 million$29 million

Juvenile Probation Camp Juvenile Probation Camp Funds- Funds- ProgramsPrograms

$ 152 million$ 152 million $ 152 million$ 152 million

TOTALTOTAL $ 387 $ 387 millionmillion

$ 397 million$ 397 million

CommonwealSources: CA Dept of Finance, Ca. State Association of Counties

2020

DJJ Realignment implementation--County issues and continuing

challenges State Auditor’s Report (Sep. 2012) slams BSCC and

Legislature on SB 81 (YOBG) performance measures and reporting

How are “realigned” juveniles doing at the county level? Performance and youth outcome data are generally lacking We see varied county programs and uses of YOBG funds:

Special custody programs– e.g. Los Angeles “SB 81” camp Juvenile halls increasingly used for commitments-- a growing but

poorly documented concern Still unresolved: meeting mental health, other local treatment

needs

State oversight of juvenile justice realignment— BSCC has only limited oversight functions– in effect local courts and

probation departments make their own spending & program decisions

Commonweal

21212121

Csa and bsccCsa and bscc

BSCC Juvenile Justice mandates includeBSCC Juvenile Justice mandates include Grants administration: JJCPA, YOBG, SB 81 construction, Gang Grants administration: JJCPA, YOBG, SB 81 construction, Gang

grants, Fed. JJ fundsgrants, Fed. JJ funds Facility standards and inspection (camps/ ranches, juv. halls, jails)Facility standards and inspection (camps/ ranches, juv. halls, jails) Data and technical assistance mandatesData and technical assistance mandates Broader leadership mission to promote best- and evidence-based Broader leadership mission to promote best- and evidence-based

practicespractices Dominant BSCC concern: adult prison realignment Dominant BSCC concern: adult prison realignment

Juvenile Justice Standing CommitteeJuvenile Justice Standing Committee Approved Jan.2013: new group to guide BSCC on JJ mandates and Approved Jan.2013: new group to guide BSCC on JJ mandates and

issuesissues Focus on system PERFORMANCE MEASURES and JJ DATA SYSTEMSFocus on system PERFORMANCE MEASURES and JJ DATA SYSTEMS Coordination with the State Advisory Group on JJDPCoordination with the State Advisory Group on JJDP

Board of State and Community Board of State and Community CorrectionsCorrections

Juvenile Justice Mission & MandatesJuvenile Justice Mission & Mandates

Commonweal

2222

Sentencing law– SB 260 (Hancock)-Reviews of prison sentences by the Parole

Board for prisoners whose crimes were committed as juveniles (signed into law).

Confinement conditions- SB 61 (Yee)- Solitary confinement, SB 716 (Lara)- PREA

compliance (pending)

Delinquency counsel training- SB 166 (Liu) (pending)

Data and performance measures- AB 526 (2012), AB 1050 (Dickinson)– (signed into law)

Lifetime juv. sex offender registration— New proposals on tap for 2014?

Juvenile Justice legislation of interestJuvenile Justice legislation of interest