Sigrid Gibson Director, SigNurture Ltd. Nutrition Consultants BEVERAGES Risks and opportunities: the science
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Sigrid GibsonDirector, Sig-‐Nurture Ltd.Nutrition Consultants
BEVERAGES
Risks and opportunities: the science
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAY
OTHER ingredients
SUGAR(S)&
OBESITY
HEALTHYOR
UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
Fact or myth?
• Only water hydrates you
• Soft drinks are the major source of sugar in the diet
• Soft drinks cause obesity and diabetes
• Low calorie beverages make you crave sweet foods
• Free sugars are worse than other sugars for tooth decay
• Fruit juice discourages fruit intake
•EFSA adequate intake • 2L for women • 2.5L for men
Median UK intakes are 2-‐2.5L
•US Reference intake is 3.2/ 3.7L…
Hydration: Are we getting enough liquid?
Hydration: Are we getting enough liquid?
We don’t really know!-‐some people are under-‐hydrated, some of the time
elderly peopleheavy labourersworkers with limited access to loos
Thirst is our regulator of dehydration but not overconsumption
All beverages hydrate – some better than water
Ronald J Maughanet al. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;;103:717-723
©2016 by American Society for Nutrition
2 SD above mean for water control
Gibson, S., & Shirreffs, S. M. (2013). Beverage consumption habits “24/7” among British adults: association with total water intake and energy intake. Nutrition Journal, 12, 9. http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-‐2891-‐12-‐9
Amount and types of beverages consumed according to day of the week (mean g/d).
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAY
OTHER ingredients
SUGAR(S)&
OBESITY
HEALTHYOR
UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
Sugar Reduction The evidence for action
1. In adults, when consuming an unrestricted daily diet, increasing the percentage of total energy from sugar leads to increases in energy intake
2. Higher consumption of sugar and sugar containing foods and drinks is associated with a greater risk of dental caries
3. Consumption of sugar sweetened drinks, compared to non-‐sugar sweetened drinks, results in greater weight gain and increases in body mass index in children and adolescents due to increased energy consumption
4. Greater consumption of sugar sweetened drinks is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes
Confirms lower body weight when Low calorie/energy sweeteners replaced sugar in foods and beverages
Low energy beverage studies also showed reduced BW
Most up to date systematic review and meta-‐analysis
Body weight reduction when consuming Low calorie beverages vs. Sugar-‐sweetened beverages (Rogers et al. 2015)
Headline versus Study….
New York Daily News -‐‘Diet soda is a gateway drug’.Drinkers of the no-‐calorie beverages are more likely to gorge on sugary, salty and fatty treats like cookies, French fries and pastries than people who drink regular soda, says a new study from the University of Illinois.
Beverage consumption in relation to discretionary food intake and diet quality among US adults 2003 to 2012
Ruopeng, An 2015 JADA
NO CHANGE IN HEALTHY EATING SCORE WITH DIET BEVERAGES
Discretionary foods
Diet beverages consumers ate 69 kcals more , of which 49 kcal was DF
SSB consumers ate 226kcal more of which 30kcal was DF
Coffee drinkers ate 108kcal more of which 60kcal was DF
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAY
OTHER ingredients
SUGAR(S)&
OBESITY
HEALTHYOR
UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
NO NO YESYES
DRINK LOW CALORIE BEVERAGES?
NO YES
DRINK SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGES?
No soft drinks SSB LCB Both LCB only Both LCB and SSB (BB)SSB onlyNo soft drinks (NC)
Consumption of low calorie beverages is associated with energy and nutrient intakes and diet qualityGibson, Horgan et al. (2016, Nutrients)
• Recent UK data (NDNS 2008-‐2011)• Detailed 4-‐day dietary records • 1590 adolescents (16+) and adults • Classified into one of four groups
Results
Energy intake
§ LCB and NC had significantly lower energy intakes than SSB and BB (difference of ~ 250kcal)
Free sugars* (NMES)significantly lower in LCB and NC
vs. SSB & BB(9% vs. 14% of energy from NMES)
P<0.0001
P<0.0001
Gibson et al. (2016, Nutrients)
Beverage group
mean consumption (g/d) no soft drinks (NC) LCB only SSB only Both (BB)
598 216 476 300
Total beverages 1679 1807 1821 1850Meat And Meat Products 167 181 193 211Fish 46 42 34 31Fruit 110 105 88 74Vegetables 147 137 129 112Sugary foods (total) 73 71 78 73
(Gibson et al, Nutrients, 2016)
Compared with SSB consumers, adults drinking Low calorie beverages ate more fruit and vegetables and fish, and no more sugary foods
CHOICE trial Does LCB intake affect dietary consumption patterns?
Overweight adults substituted caloric beverages with either water or LCB for 6months
Both intervention groups showed beneficial changes in energy intakes and dietary patterns. Consuming LCBs, compared with water, did not increase preferences for sweet foods and beverages
Piernas, Tate et al. 2013
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAY
OTHER ingredients
SUGAR(S)&
OBESITY
HEALTHYOR
UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
Crowe-‐ White et al. 2015 Crit Rev Food Sci NutrImpact of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption on Diet and Weight Status of Children: An Evidence-‐based Review
22 studies
Fruit Juice
• Evidence did not support an association between 100% FJ consumption and weight/adiposity
• Children consuming 100% FJ have higher intake and adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium(8 studies)
Fruit Juice and 5 a DAY in UK• 42% consumed FJ during the survey.
• Average intake was 58g/d (139g/d among consumers)
• But 35% of consumers drank more than 150ml/day.•• Consumers had higher energy and sugar intakes (13.6 vs. 11.1) than non-consumers.
• Intakes of potassium, folate, and vitamin C were significantly higher among FJ consumers for whom FJ provided more than 10% of folate and potassium and half their vitamin C.
Gibson et al. , in preparation
61% of teenagers and 34% of adults consume less than 3 portions of fruit and vegetables a day
How to help these?
Data extracted from NDNS 2008-‐2012 Gibson et al., unpublished
Fruit juice contributes to fruit and vegetable consumption
Gibson & Ruxton, unpublished
FJ consumers are less at risk of missing F&V targets
More likely to achieve 5 a dayLess likely to have <3 a day
Teenagers P<0.001 (Chi-‐Square)
FJ consumers are less at risk of missing F&V targets
More likely to achieve 5 a dayLess likely to have <3 a day
P<0.001 (Chi-‐Square)
Industry response to sugar targets
Reformulation• New product launches • Gradual reduction in some brands • Pack size changes (250ml)
PromotionFocus on low/no sugar Price incentivesWork with cinemas & fast food chains
Labelling: FOP energy and sugars
7%Cals
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAY
OTHER ingredients
SUGAR(S)&
OBESITYHEALTHY
OR UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
Other risks/opportunities
Caffeine
• EFSA opinion (2015) -‐ 400 mg per day is considered safe for adults (200mg for pregnant/lactating women). Not enough evidence for a safe limit in children and adolescents.
• 200mg = approx. 2 cups of coffee – (huge variation according to type) or 6 cans of Cola or 4 cans of diet cola or 4 cups of tea.
• Energy drinks can contain around 80 mg in 250ml.
• 12th April EFSA approved 4 health claims for caffeine: • endurance performance, endurance capacity, alertness, concentration
How much caffeine is in your drinks?
Unauthorised health claims?
• Helps with weight loss
• Super charges your immune system
• Increases energy and endurance
• Enhances mood and memory
• Stimulates metabolism
• Naturally detoxfies
JUICES AND 5-‐A-‐DAYSmall amounts OK
OTHER ingredientsCaffeine within limits
Sweeteners all approved
SSB if overconsumed
might encourage excess ENERGY intake and
OBESITY
Low calorie alternatives help manage intake
HEALTHYOR
UNHEALTHY?
BEVERAGES
DIET QUALITY
Depends on beverage and food choice
We all need to drink….............
Related Documents
