Between_SmartCityIndex2014_english

2014 Benchmarking

to become

Smart

SECOND EDITION

Under the patronage of: And with the support of:

SUMMARY

Premises

The structure of the Smart City

The Smart City Index

New thematic areas and new indicators

Thematic areas and indicators 2014

National Ranking 2014

Position of the cities within the thematic rankings

The dimension of the Smart City

Smart City and quality of life

Smart City: Digital e Green

Sustainable cities

Towards an intelligent use of resource

e-Mobility

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x-Sharing

Smart Lighting

Smart Culture & Travel

Smart Urban Security

Smart Justice

The regional dimension

The Smart Cities’ drivers

What is the Smart City Index

From check-up to the Smart City’s Roadmap

Method

Indicators in details

Between

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CITY CENTER

The Smart City Index is mainly a tool for the city to help and improve

its policies towards Smart innovation and development.

CITY

THEMATIC AREAS

INDICATORS

The outer dots indicate the thematic areas, which define the Smart

development of a city and on which the index is based. These areas

include issues from broadband infrastructures to digital services and

sustainable development of the cities.

SUMMARY OF INFORMATION

The Smart City Index may graphically be presented as a diamond. To

each city is given a score that measures its level of Smart innovation

compared with the best city (score = 100 points).

DIAMOND GRAPH

Smart City Index 2014 //

The completion of a Smart City

has to pursue a pattern that

begins with a shared vision and

requests a powerful executive

ability of the city’s political

leadership. It is not down to a

single contributor, it takes a

community of individuals to

design and install the

improvements to the city, starting

from the history and culture that

has shaped it.

To build a Smart City, rules need

to be respected, conditions to be

adapted to and a correct

sequence of steps adhered to, so

that the highest level of

interoperability with the solutions

adopted by the others is

maintained. Cities further along

the Smart City’s completion have

infact accumulated significant

experiences, which should be

evaluated to identify the actions

to be replicated and those to be

avoided.

Yet, a city that today begins its

path to become Smart, in its turn

may experiment with innovative

solutions, which could become

reference models for the future.

So, to reassume this, a strong

personality and autonomy is

needed for the Smart City to both

respect its unique history and

culture, and become part of a

system of models shared by all

other cities, in order to enable the

whole country to evolve and

become a 'Smart Nation."

PREMISES

Many Smart Cities,

one Smart Nation.

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE SMART CITY An architecture of

layers, as well as a

coherent

governance and

path with this

model

The Smart City needs a new kind of approach.

The traditional process of innovation and

digitalization by vertical silos has to be replaced

by a process that exalts interoperability.

The technological evolution and the economic

sustainability of today require a different logical

structure of the Smart City, which is organised

on four principal layers:

The basic infrastructure as the enabling

factor for the construction of a Smart City.

A network of interoperable

technological sensors in the sense of the

“Internet of things”, aimed at the city’s big

data collection and at the remote control of

its infrastructures.

A delivery platform to evaluate and

enhance the territory’s big data.

A series of applications and services as

an additional value for the city.

For the Italian cities the challenge consists of

integrating the new enabling infrastructures and

the technological sensors into the existing

structures of the territory, that have been

stratified by centuries of history and have

strongly shaped the cities’ identity.

A model of vertical silos has to be avoided.

While in a short term this may create vertical

services, later on it won’t be able to exploit the

synergy and interoperability with the other

subjects and would disfavour economic

sustainability. A peer-to-peer approach may

be useful in a first phase, in which the

various stakeholders of the city may enhance

their previous experiences, their already

implemented services and their former

planning. But hereafter they should quickly

converge to a model of “shared layers”.

The Smart City’s governance must be

coherent with these settings both on the level

of the institutional delegations and

responsibilities, as well as respecting the

financing patterns that apply to the different

projects.

The process of building the Smart City must

aim at the creation of a unique basic

infrastructure and a unique delivery platform,

into which the different applications should plug

their “sensors” and deliver their services

integrating other city’s data and services. This

is the model of approach that will guarantee at

the same time speed, sustainability and a wide

range of public and private services.

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INFRASTRUCTURE

DELIVERY PLATFORM

SENSORS

APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES


THE SMART CITY INDEX

By its nature the Smart City is dynamic, fluid

and adaptive. The Smart City is multi-faceted

and enriched with many applications. In

order to understand the Smart City, it is

important to analyse it with tools that are

able to capture its changing qualities.

A dynamic Smart City Index.

Between continues its work of measuring the

«smartness» degrees of the cities with a

method that is both objective and dynamic.

Compared to 2013 the Smart City Index has

become richer with new dimensions of

analysis, i.e. how the cities address new

issues and promote new projects, and it

continues to observe how the cities’ priorities

evolve.

A profounder Smart City Index.

The Smart City Index also gains depth. In

many areas further indicators have been

introduced to follow the development of

different issues, to monitor a greater number

of digital services and where present, to add

data on the use of services.

This greater depth of analysis allows for a

more detailed comprehension of the

performing phenomena, the developing

drivers and it contributes to the identification

of replicable models. In the present phase the

Smart City Index prevalently measures the

availability of the services, but more

progressively it will enhance and be able to

read the path that the cities choose when

becoming Smart.

Benchmarking to become Smart.

In Italy the process to become a

Smart City continues to be slow and

heterogeneous. Best practices and

reference models seem hard to

emerge without a shared metric.

The Smart City Index contributes to

the market analysis, to the

implementation of an efficient

roadmap for cities, to the definition of

effective development policies, which

invariably need to start from a

profound knowledge of the cities and

the “bricks” that every city will choose

to build its future with.

The Smart City Index

evolves to better analyse the

Italian Smart City

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NEW THEMATIC AREAS AND NEW INDICATORS

» Smart Culture&Travel

» Smart Urban Security

» Smart Justice

Three new dimensions to

analyse the city

In regard to the services for the

inhabitants, companies and tourists,

certain aspects of the city must not be

ignored when trying to analyse the

dynamics of innovation.

» Culture and Tourism: an indivisible

concept today that represents the fertile

ground for digital innovation (web, mobile,

card, etc.).

» Urban Security: cameras have already

become widespread in the cities, and so

have sensors, control panels and shared

security; the level of integration between

these systems is still very heterogeneous

and varies strongly from city to city.

» Digital Justice: a topic of great social

impact for citizens and economic activities,

not yet associated with the Smart City

today.

A number of new sub-areas has been

introduced, also in pre-existing areas:

Wi-Fi: the distribution of both public and

private hot-spots (data provided by Che

Futuro/Che Wi-Fi) that are becoming a basic

infrastructure of the Smart City, are now

included in the Broadband area.

Alternative Energy: among Renewable

Energy the Index now includes indicators on

Energy produced by biomass, geothermic

conversion, biodegradable municipal waste

and ocean thermal energy conversion.

Smart Grid: in order to assess the degree

of Energy efficiency, the Index has included

the issue of “power grid - remote control”.

The new indicators introduced into

almost all areas and sub-areas have

brought the total number to 422. In the

sub-area Smart Lighting, for instance,

some indicators now also address the

cities’ expenditure and investments for

public lighting.

Three new thematic areas:

three new dimensions to

analyse the city

New analyses

in more areas

Indicators have almost

tripled

+ 6 SUB-AREAS 2014

2013

25

153

422

2013 2014

The increased number of indicators

represents an evolution in the

measuring of the cities’ smartness

degree and must be taken into

consideration when comparing the

cities’ ranking figures with the 2013

Index.

+ 269 INDICATORS

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Smart City Index 2014 // 8

BROAD BAND

FIXED BROADBAND

►Fixed broadband and ultra-broadband (ADSL, Optical Fibre)

MOBILE BROADBAND, WI-FI

►Mobile broadband and ultra-broadband (HSPDA, LTE)

►Wi-Fi

SMART HEALTH

ELECTRONIC HEALTH SYSTEM

►Online booking, prescription charges’ payment and withdrawal of medical reports

►Online choice of General Practitioner

►Access to Electronic Health Record data

SMART MOBILITY

LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

►Electronic tickets

►Digital timetables and routes

►Information services for traveller

PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION

►Electronic passes for Restricted Traffic Areas

►Electronic parking fees’ payment

►Information services for drivers

SMART EDUCATION

DIGITAL EDUCATION

►Distribution of Personal Computers in schools

►Distribution of Multimedia Interactive Whiteboards (IWB)

►Internet-connected classrooms

SMART CULTURE &TRAVEL

CULTURE&TOURISM

►Municipal portals for culture and tourism

►Information and booking of accommodation facilities

►Information on attractions, amenities, theme routes and user generated content

►Purchase of tickets or City Visit Cards including fees for museums and sights

SMART GOVERN-MENT

ONLINE SERVICES

►Registry office services (certificates and change of address)

►Municipal school registrations

ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS

►Online payment of local taxes and school services

OPEN DATA

►Open data projects, open data portals and published dataset

THEMATIC AREAS AND INDICATORS 2014

SMART URBAN SECURITY

URBAN SECURITY

►Monitoring services, video surveillance and sensor technology

DIGITAL SECURITY

►Presence of cloud computing, business continuity or disaster recovery plans

SMART JUSTICE

DIGITAL JUSTICE

►state of progress of the telematic civil trial

NATURAL RESOURCES

WASTE MANAGEMENT

►waste separation and door-to-door collection

►Waste collection tips

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

►Water purification, consumption and leakage systems

AIR QUALITY

►Monitoring and control units for exceeded pollution limits

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

SMART BUILDING

►Incentive policies

►Gas and electricity consumption

SMART LIGHTING

►Public lighting policies and projects

►Current expenditure and investments in public lighting

SMART GRID

►Remote control of electric grid nodes

ALTERNATIVE MOBILITY

ELECTRIC CARS

►Diffusion of hybrid and electric cars

►Diffusion of charging stations

MOBILITY SHARING/POOLING

►Car sharing, car-pooling, bike sharing services

►Cycle paths and cycling couriers

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

►Energy produced using photovoltaic panels

WIND POWER

►Energy produced by wind power wheels

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

►Energy produced by hydroelectric power plants

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

►Energy produced by biomass, geothermic conversion, biodegradable waste and ocean thermal energy conversion


SCORE CATEGORIES

National ranking of the 116 county towns Small cities Average-sized cities Metropolitan cities

NATIONAL RANKING of the 116 country towns


POSITION OF THE CITIES WITHIN THE THEMATIC RANKINGS

Note 1: The colours refer to the ranking of each city within the specific thematic area. The first range (green) refers to the positions 1-39 of the ranking, the second (yellow) to the positions 40-78 and the third (red) to the positions 79-116. Note 2: For Aosta and Bolzano 11 areas only could be rated, as data for SMART EDUCATION are not available.

First range Second range Third range

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THE DIMENSION of the Smart City

Metropolitan cities keep

top positions, while in

smaller cities and

generally in the South

innovation is advancing

rather slowly

Metropolitan cities

of the Center-North

are doing fine

Average size cities

are pushing forward

Smaller cities do not

improve

Again in 2014, the highest scores have

been reached by the metropolitan cities:

Bologna, Turin and Milan who have won

the podium, alongside Rome, Florence

and Genoa, which as well range among

the top 10.

All metropolitan cities of the Center-North

score in the first range, whereas Bari

confirms its first position of the southern

cities, not only among the metropolitan

ones.

Venice and Naples appear as well in the

first range, followed tightly by Catania,

Cagliari and Palermo. Messina and

Reggio Calabria just as in 2013, appear

again among the lower levels of the

ranking.

This year the average size cities have run

even faster to gain sound scores. Some

20 of them have managed to place

themselves on positions from 5 – 30. In

2014, Trento is holding the highest

position among the average size cities

(place 5), due to good results across the

new thematic areas and its best

placement referred to the Smart

Education ranking, into which the year

before Trento had not been included.

Right after Trento follow the average-

sized cities of Pisa, Verona, Parma and

Brescia in the top 10.

The Center-North is also dominating in

the sector of average-sized cities: while

among the southern cities Lecce has

scored the best ranking with place 41,

every other southern city is placed below

50.

On the whole, the small cities

(<80.000 inhabitants) occupy the

lowest positions of the ranking,

even worse than in 2013. Only 5

cities (Lodi, Siena, Cremona,

Pavia and Mantua) are placed

within the first range of the ranking.

Last year’s sharp acceleration of

some innovative dynamisms (ultra-

broadband, open data, apps) has

widened the gap between the

average-sized cities in which these

innovative phenomena have already

emerged, and the small cities

generally still at stake.

This proves that in order to build a

Smart City a critical mass is needed

(of financial resources,

stakeholders, market) which to date

is observed only in cities with a

population count above 80.000

inhabitants.

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SMART CITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE

The correlation between Smart City and Quality of Life is

vividly discussed: Smart innovations are introduced to improve

the inhabitants’ quality of life, their effects though, are hard to

be measured and often become effective only after some

years.

The 2014 ranking also confirms the existence of a correlation

between the two phenomena, which highlight the «Smart and

liveable» cities on the upper side of the two classifications, and

the “late cities” on the lower one.

The new Smart City Index underlines again as much as last

year’s Index the existence of two clusters:

» Cities of «analogical well-being» are liveable cities that

show a low propensity to innovate. This accounts for some

cities of the Center-North, this year headed by Belluno and

Gorizia.

» «Smart redemption cities», that start from a lower Quality

of Life level and nonetheless are able to find an opportunity

to innovate in the Smart City. This prevalently accounts for

the southern cities: right after Bari and Lecce (already

part of this cluster last year) we find Naples, Catania and

Palermo.

Note: Since Andria, Barletta, Fermo and Trani had not been listed in the Quality-of-Life-Index; this graph shows only 111 out of the 116 “Smart City Index” cities.

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«SMART REDEMPTION CITIES»

«LATE CITIES»

«ANALOGICAL WELL-BEING CITIES»

«SMART AND

LIVEABLE CITIES»


SMART CITY: DIGITAL AND GREEN

The Smart City has two basic components:

» The «digital» component, linked to available

digital infrastructures and digital services in the

cities;

» the «green» component, linked to issues of

sustainable development.

The Smart City Index contains thematic areas and

indicators of both components, and therefore shows

to what extent the Italian cities’ strategies are well

balanced in terms of digital innovation and

initiatives for sustainable development.

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«GREEN APPROACH»

«DIGITAL APPROACH»


The matrix that correlates the “digital” Smart

City Index and the "green" Smart City Index

(the former also includes Broadband

indicators) shows how various cities have a

well-balanced development between these

two components, including all cities at the

top of the standings. Among these, yet some

slight imbalance may be found; Florence, for

example, appears slightly more 'digital' and

Bari slightly more "green." In some cities this

imbalance is even more marked.

A group of cities has very high values in the

«green» areas and much lower ones in the

«digital» areas, well below average.

These are the cities in the upper left corner

of the matrix on the previous page. Bolzano

is the most striking case: the city (27th place

ranking in total) is the first (by several

points) in the «green» ranking and the 78th

in the “digital” ranking. Other cities have a

bias in favour of the "green" topics: Lecce

(10th place in 'green' and 61st in the

“digital” ranking), Sondrio (13th and 53rd

respectively), Aosta (12th and 72th),

Salerno (28th and 107th), Avellino (36th

and 115th).

These cities show a tendency for a

sustainable development that slightly

neglects the importance of infrastructure and

digital services.

On the other side (bottom right corner of the

matrix) there are cities with much higher

scores in the 'digital' than in the 'green'

ranking. Cases of a stronger imbalance in

favour of the 'digital' ranking are Monza

(11th in the 'digital' and 68th in the 'green'),

Vicenza (15th and 73rd), Mantua (23rd and

81st), Como (25th and 80th) and Lecco

(42th and 100th).

These cities show a strong focus on digital

innovation, but they still have to introduce

innovations related to sustainable

development.

«The GREEN» Approach «The DIGITAL» Approach

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6% CENTER

SUSTAINABLE CITIES

The «GREEN» podium

The Covenant of Mayors is the leading

European movement involving local

authorities to increase efficiency in the

use of more sustainable natural

resources. Of over 5,500 EU Mayors,

who signed the covenant, about 50%

are Italians. This clearly gives proof of

the great interest that our nation

expresses for energy matters and

environmental sustainability. Attention is

paid to these issues nationwide at both

levels, by smaller townships as well as

by county towns.

1. Bolzano

2. Rome

3. Trento

Bolzano and Trento have defined a

strategy for sustainability that affects

simultaneously all "green" determinants.

Rome instead, has chosen mobility and

energy efficiency as the city’s key

challenges to be faced.

The Europe 2020 growth strategy aims at building a smart, sustainable and inclusive Europe.

In particular, the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) determines that 5% of the

resources have to be allocated for integrated actions related to sustainable urban

development.

The new challenge for the city was inspired by the need to reconcile economic

development with social impact and environmental sustainability.

It becomes fundamental to rethink existing growth models paying more attention to issues

such as social equity and accessibility, energy efficiency in the patterns of production,

consumption and awareness of individual and collective responsibility. In this perspective cities

play a central role, as they are the closest place to the systems of production and

consumption of goods and services.

COUNTRY TOWNS

PARTICIPATING AT PAES

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Italy at the

forefront of the

European Mayors’

movement

34% NORTH

WEST

20% NORTH

EAST

40% SOUTH


TOWARDS AN INTELLIGENT USE OF

RESOURCE

Mobility:

the challenge to be faced

Energy:

a problem of efficiency

Environment:

a scarce resource to be

preserved

Cities are seeking solutions designed

to repay their inhabitants with time

(thanks to fast movements) and

quality public spaces (reducing the

number of cars on the road). The

modal shift from private vehicles to

other forms of mobility will be

progressive and enabled by ICT /

digital solutions. The levers are of

three types:

» “Pay per use” fees and

payments thanks to info-mobility

services.

» Flexible and customized

alternative mobility services.

» Smart infrastructures for

electric mobility.

The European Directive 2012/27/EU

on Energy Efficiency, which must

have been transposed by June 5th,

2014, establishes a common

framework of measures to promote

energy efficiency in the EU member

States in order to achieve the main

objective within 2020 and to lay the

foundations for further

improvements.

The issue of energy efficiency is a

strategic priority for Italy, but in

order to turn improvements into

potential energy savings and

“concrete” turnovers, the various

stakeholders must act together

and according to a shared

strategy.

The UNEP (United Nations

Environment Programme) defines

Green Economy as "... one in which

the growth in income and

employment is driven by public and

private investments that reduce

carbon emissions and pollution,

increase 'energy and resource

efficiency, prevent the loss of

biodiversity and ecosystem

services." In a global economy

characterised by an increasing

scarcity of resources, a change of

lifestyle and consumption behaviours

becomes fundamental.

A rapid transition is needed

towards a model that prescribes

the reduction of fuel

consumption and emissions, as

well as the recycling of

resources. DIFFUSION OF “GREEN” INNOVATIONS IN COUNTY

TOWNS (% county towns)

16 Basis: 116 county towns

HIGH LEVEL OF WATER

TREATMENT

HIGH DIFFUSION OF WASTE

SEPARATION

LOW LEVEL OF POLLUTION


E-MOBILITY

The financial and economic crisis of recent

years and the increasing prices of fuel have

affected consumption in general and the

automotive market in particular. In Italy in fact,

a substantial decrease (of -37%) in car

registrations occurred, i.e. from about 1.76

million to 1.1 million.

The diffusion of electric mobility in Italy (and

the rest of Europe) is growing, but it’s still at

an early stage. The sales figures of “green”

cars in fact are rising, but their numbers are

still very weak (about 700 in Italy, 2013). In

proportion, their use has increased a lot, since

energy consumption has grown by a factor of

8 in three years. An increase in battery life

and a mix of incentives and restrictive traffic

rules are the levers that may facilitate the

diffusion of electric cars.

There is a positive correlation

between the demand for electric

mobility and the availability of

infrastructures. In recent years the

number of charging stations has

increased considerably, but their

geographic distribution is still

uneven. In particular, there are 12

cities mostly concentrated in the

South, where charging

infrastructures still do not exist, and

72, accounting for 62% of the total,

in which there are fewer than 10

charging stations.

The automotive market is

distressed

The demand for e-Mobility

is growing

The key role of

infrastructure

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NEW REGISTRATION

OF ELECTRIC CARS

(Number of registrations)

CITIES WITH ELECTRIC CHARGING

STATIONS

(% country towns) CONSUMPTION (Kwh)

North Center South and islands North Center South and islands

Basis: 116 county towns

No charging station

<10 points

10-50 points

>50 points

DISTRIBUTION OF

ELECTRIC CHARGING STATIONS

(% country towns)


X-SHARING

From consumption to

resources’ sharing

Emerging paradigms of

alternative mobility

The city at “bicycle scale”

The sharing idea strongly gained support

during the international financial crisis and

has expanded to ever-newer sectors, of

which mobility is a clear example.

The great challenge that the cities have to

face is to turn the value from resources’

consumption ("cowboy economy", e.g. the

private car) to resources’ sharing (sharing

economy, i.e. "the astronaut's economy",

Smart Communities business models, such

as co-working, Smart Parking, gamification,

crowd-funding, crowd-sourcing, etc.).

The value - creation in fact is moving from

production and possession to the sharing of

goods, from ownership to access, from

purchase to re-use.

In the field of mobility the need to move

towards models focussed on resources’

sharing has brought up new paradigms

defined as “alternative mobility”.

Italian cities are showing an increasing

diffusion of services like car sharing and car

pooling with a progressive improvement

and strengthening. An emblematic case is

doubtlessly the city of Milan: at the end of

2013 the 4 car sharing operators (5 after

May, 2014) could already rely on a fleet of

over 1,500 vehicles and more than

90,000 users. Thus, Milano is now

considering an extension of this service

also to its hinterland.

The Italian cities’ affinity for bike-sharing

services is due to their urban characteristics,

which by conformation and extension make

cycling the most efficient way to get around.

In addition, the EU promoted “Cyclelogistics”

project’s survey conducted by the European

Cyclist Federation revealed that 51% of all

movements of goods within urban areas

could be performed by bicycles based

logistic systems, thus diminishing

transportation costs, improving delivery in

speed and strongly reduce the

environmental impact.

Italy is beginning to move in this direction,

too. Delivery services by bicycle couriers

are already offered in 23 Italian cities.

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DIFFUSION OF THE X-CAR

(% country towns)

BICYCLES IN THE CITIES

(% country towns)

ONLINE HANDLING

BIKE SHARING

APP E-BIKE CYCLING COURIERS



SMART LIGHTING

Public Lighting: a

nationwide

infrastructure

Investing to save

Pave the way for public-

private partnerships

In Italy the total consumption of electricity

for lighting amounts to 50.8 TWh per year,

of which 6 TWh (about 12%, which equals

the total electricity per year consumption

of a city with about 1 million inhabitants)

are used for public lighting.

More than 9 million light - points scattered

on national soil with a density of 380

elements per urban km2, generate a total

expenditure of over one billion Euros

in nearly 8,100 Italian municipalities.

In the 116 county towns from 2009-2011

the current expenditure in public

lighting increased while investments

decreased. These cuts risk to become

short sighted and unsustainable in the long

run.

The need to readdress the public lighting

issue arose from the necessity of limiting

the expenses, rationalizing energy

consumption coupled with the ability to

combine solutions that improve energy

efficiency with intelligent systems for value

added service delivery.

In this area two antithetical forces occur:

on one hand, high savings and fast break

even encourage projects and investments

in public lighting, on the other, the

spending review regime imposes ever

tighter limits on public spending thus

impeding to exploit the potentials of this

area.

In several territories the involvement of

private actors through Project Financing

and Public Private Partnerships (PPP), is

observed with increasing frequency. The

Region of Lombardy for example, has

recently supported local authorities in

project planning and tender preparation, as

well as in economic and financial

sustainability analysis.

Similarly some bank foundations co-finance

technical assistance to those authorities

that wish to pursue PPP partnership

agreements for operations aimed at the

requalification of their public lighting

facilities.

19


TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR PUBLIC

LIGHTING

(INVESTMENTS + CURRENT

EXPENDITURE)

+4% CURRENT EXPENDITURE

-17% INVESTMENTS


SMART CULTURE & TRAVEL

Culture and Tourism

are a fundamental

element of the Italian

Smart Cities

Booking, ticketing

and card:

everything’s done

on the web

The tourist is

increasingly

mobile and more

social

Multimedia to

promote tourist

attractions

The path of the Italian cities to become

Smart also leads across culture and

tourism, which play a notably special role

also in view of the economic recovery of

the country.

Culture and tourism have become one

indivisible concept and should be related

to as an integrated strategy: cultural

heritage can also serve as a driving force

for tourism through digitalisation.

Video is emerging as the media par

excellence to promote the beauty of a

territory, in an effort to arouse emotions

and drive a potential tourist to visit the

city.

Touristic services providers are

trying to retrieve a role in the

management of transactions, to

regain, at least in part, the

margins granted to large web

platforms of touristic brokerage.

On-line reservations.

So far only 14% of the county

towns offer the possibility to book

accommodation directly thorugh

their web-site.

e-Ticketing.

Only 4 cities allow the online

purchase of tickets for points of

interest (museums, monuments,

etc..).

Tourist cards.

36 have developed specific tourist

cards.

From websites to apps.

While all cities have an administrative

portal with pages dedicated to tourism

and culture, only a few more than half

of them have a specific website

dedicated to tourism. This percentage

drops to 30% for the portals dedicated

to culture. Fewer than one city in 10

has an app dedicated to tourism or

culture.

20


Basis: 116 county towns with a total of 38 different types of cards

ACCOMODATION FACILITIES

(% country towns)

TYPES OF TOURISTS CARDS

(number of cards)

List and reservation of accommodation facilities

List only of accommodation facilities

No such service

Only for sights

Only for transports

For both, sights and transports

Multifunctional cards


Video surveillance, widespread sensors,

control panels, shared security via

apps: in many cities new solutions for

urban security begin to spread. To fill

the city with "sensors", anticipating the

new "Internet of Things" trend is

becoming in fact a necessity for the

councils in order to respond more

quickly and efficiently to emergencies,

as well as to improve risk prediction

and alert actions for the inhabitants.

While different types of sensors

have become fairly common, the

level of integration of the different

networks, and of bodies in charge

of security (Municipal Police, Fire

Brigade, Civil Defence, Police, etc.)

as well as an integrated

interpretation of collected data are

still pretty much in their infancy.

Towards a unified

Security Control

Center

So far only 12 county towns have

launched initiatives for the integration

of all units, operating in their territory,

typically vertical, so as to create a

unified Security Control Center,

enabled to receive information from all

different local sources, to process data

and coordinate prevention, control and

intervention actions.

Currently, video surveillance is still

the most widely used solution, video-

networks are deployed in 96% of the

county towns, but in several cases the

cameras are turned off or out of use.

Among the major innovations are

cameras and sensors installed on

public transport vehicles, monitoring

systems for traffic and license plate

identification, shared security

applications (apps, SOS columns,

totems etc.), which turn citizens into

"sensors" and engage them in the

urban security management.

Many cities also begin to plan hydro-

geological monitoring, integrating these

interventions with specific procedures

set by security organisations.

In general, metropolitan cities are the

most advanced in the adoption of smart

security solutions, with the cities of

Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont,

Lombardy and Umbria pretty well

positioned in the upper ranking.

21

SURVEILLANCE OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK AND STREETS

(% country towns)


Surveillance of streets and self

detecting systems

Intelligent street lights with video

surveillance

Video surveillance in buses

Video surveillance in taxis


Applications available

Applications planned

No such application

SHARED SECURITY

(% country towns)

SMART URBAN SECURITY


The Telematic Civil

Trial has a very

uneven spread

nationwide

The telematic deposit

has been activated in

10 out of 29 Courts of

Appeal and in 80 out

of 114 General Courts

The digitalisation of Justice is a process

that began some years ago. Especially

concerning the Telematic Civil Trial

(PCT), where the web-access to the

Register, electronic communications and

forms of payments have been activated

by a 100% of the courts. The only type

of service waiting to be activated at all

courts is the service of telematic

deposits, which nationwide are still

spread unevenly both in terms of service

availability, as well as concerning the

degree of use by judges and lawyers.

In addition to Milan, where the PCT was

introduced first, it has been activated

and used widely by a majority of courts

in the Regions of Piedmont / Val

d'Aosta, Liguria, Tuscany, Marche

and Abruzzo.

The county town’s size plays a crucial

role. In fact, 50% of metropolitan

cities can be found among the first

range of the thematic ranking, while

average-sized cities are located primarily

in the second range and the majority of

small towns are mostly displayed in

the third.

The county towns which occupy the top

positions in the ranking are those, that

allow for the telematic filing of the

largest number of different types of

acts at their Courts of Appeal and

General Courts. In addition, they have

also demonstrated the widest

participation at the use of these services,

both by number of filed acts and

internal/external users. The

Regions/Judicial Districts with the highest

ratios between documents and users

at Court, both judges and lawyers are:

Piedmont / Valle d'Aosta, Marche

and Lombardy (in particular here the

District of Milan).

22

% COURTS OF APPEAL WITH

AT LEAST ONE TELEMATIC DEPOSIT

SERVICE ACTIVATED

% GENERAL COURTS WITH

AT LEAST ONE TELEMATIC DEPOSIT

SERVICE ACTIVATED

At least one service available

No such service

Basis: 29 Courts of Appeal in 116 county towns

At least one service available

No such service

Basis: 114 General Courts in 116 county towns

SMART JUSTICE


The Smart Health area continues to be

strongly determined by regional policies:

e-Health platforms are more advanced in

Lombardy, Aut. Prov. of Trento,

Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany. The

activation of the Electronic Health Record

in Sardinia elevates many county towns

of this region to top ranking positions.

In the sub-area Smart Mobility Public

Transport the region of Emilia-

Romagna is the only major one with

regional applications spread over all the

cities. In several other cases regional

electronic ticketing or travel planners

allow most of the county towns to gain

positions in the first range of this area's

ranking.

Smart Mobility

public transport

Smart Healthcare

23

100% of county towns in first range

50-75% of county towns in first range

>75% of county towns in first range


SMART MOBILITY

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

SMART HEALTH

THE REGIONAL DIMENSION - 1


The cities with a high presence of remote

control systems are concentrated in

regions with a higher number and a

wider distribution of production plants

from renewable energies.

In the Natural Resources’ area policies to

improve water supply management and

waste separation were implemented by

the Autonomous Provinces and the

regional administrations of Friuli

Venetia Giulia and Valle d'Aosta.

Smart Grid

Natural Resources

24



SMART GRID



NATURAL RESOURCES

THE REGIONAL DIMENSION - 2


THE SMART CITIES’ DRIVERS - 1

County towns covered by VDSL have

tripled and those, where LTE was

implemented have increased by 9 times.

Thanks to the deployment of new

regional online payment platforms local

health authorities that allow online

payment of prescription charges

increased by 60%.

Fixed and mobile Ultra-

Broadband advances

In Healthcare online

payment of prescription

charges increases

sharply

eGov: Open Data

accelerate

While county towns that enable online

payments of taxes and services have

increased just slightly, those that publish

Open Data on their portals have more

than doubled (+130%). And the number

of published datasets has even quintupled

(+ 400%).

25

VDSL-covered

country towns

LTE-covered

country towns


Regions with

prescription charges’

regional online

payment system

Healthcare

authorities with

prescription charges’

online payment

systems

Basis: 21 Regions and 257 Health Care Offices / Hospitals

County towns with Open Data Portal



The new sharing economy paradigms

are advancing fast and significantly in

Italian cities: the range of mobility

services, such as car sharing, car-

pooling and bike sharing is growing.

Compared to 2013 the number of

county towns that have made at least

one of these services available to their

citizens increased by 37%.

In the area of mobility, +50% of county

towns that offer a travel planner and

+120% that have set up an official

public transport app. In this field

however, the difference was not

obtained by regional projects (stable for

both travel planner and electronic

ticketing), as it was thanks to

innovation policies by Local Public

Transportation Companies.

The number of nationwide installed

photovoltaic plants has grown by 45%

and the number of bio-energy plants by

81%. This increase in renewable energy

production not only reduces the level of

dependence on traditional energy

sources, it also promotes the

dissemination of remote control

systems (smart grids) in the cities.

x-Sharing: the

deployment of services

is growing

Travel planners and

mobility apps are in

development

The number of

renewable energy

production plants is

increasing

26

THE SMART CITIES’ DRIVERS - 2

County towns with at least one service

of x-Sharing

Basis: 116 county towns Basis: 116 county towns

Country towns with

Travel Planner

Country towns with

official apps for

transportation 2014

Number of

photovoltaic

installations

Number of

bio-energy

production plants


Between has monitored the diffusion of

ICT (from Broadband to digital services

platforms) systematically for 10 years.

As a result the Smart City Index was

born, a ranking of all 116 county towns

identified by ISTAT, based on a

distinction of three elements:

It measures what Smart services

and infrastructures these cities

already offer, what services are

already available for citizens -not

only data regarding projects,

structure or quality of life;

It gathers information mainly through

tailor-made surveys Between

carries out directly; the data is

thus original and it completes official

data coming from institutions (ISTAT,

MIUR - Ministry of Education, etc.);

It covers a wide range of

thematic areas, from broadband

infrastructures to digital services

(mobility, education, healthcare,

etc.), up to the indicators regarding

the city's sustainable development

(Alternative Mobility, Renewable

Energy, Energy Efficiency and Natural

Resources Management: air, water,

garbage). The Smart City Index is a

dynamic tool that will grow and

develop according to the growth and

development of the innovations.

» Cities, to carry out an assessment

for their digital roadmap, to be ranked

with other cities and to support their

application for Smart City financing

with concrete data;

» Regions, to define the city

benchmarks in their territory, in order

to trace the “Smart Region” digital

roadmap;

» National entities, to define and

support the policies for city

innovation; for example Agenzia per

l’Italia Digitale - Agency for Digital

Italy - that supports this initiative.

The Index shows city benchmarks,

measurements for the Smart

innovation in the territory; it is a

method to define best practices and

reference models for the setting up of

guidelines for Smart Cities;

» Solution providers to interact with

the demand, starting from a common

nomenclature and a shared

assessment.

A ranking of all county

towns

Who needs this tool

1

2

3

27

WHAT IS THE SMART CITY INDEX


FROM CHECK-UP TO THE SMART CITY’S ROADMAP -1

The strategy to achieve a Smart City cannot

be defined a priori and uniquely for every

city. The planning must suit the city’s

specific characteristics and take into

account the paths already designed. The

first challenge that every city has to face on

its way to the Smart City, is to understand

how to change the status quo, what

mechanisms to set in motion in order to

trigger a process of change. Cities must be

able to enhance their identity by

empowering the existing territorial

networks and then exploit the benefits of

bundled resources and of synergies to be

generated by the various cities’

stakeholders. Knowing the path designed

by each city in addition to its image

portrayed by the Smart City Index, gives

analysts the opportunity to evaluate results

in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Local administrations, public and private

entities that provide services across the

territory need to have:

» an objective and shared picture of the “as-

is”, based on the Smart City Index;

» an overall vision of the implemented

actions and still open gaps;

» an analysis of the financial instruments

and business models best suitable to their

specific needs;

» the roadmap to follow in order to provide

citizens and 'users' of the city with concrete

benefits.

There are several Italian cities that have

already started to pave their way to the

Smart City. Some have taken this road in

a structured way by defining a master

plan that, starting from the analysis of

the “as-is” and from projects put in

place, draws the city’s roadmap. Others

have developed a strategic plan

beginning with the implementation of

specific projects in priority areas.

To quote some examples: Florence has

decided to create a "Digital Manifesto", a

strategic document to be shared by all

stakeholders of the city. Lecce has tied

its path to become an intelligent city with

the development of culture and tourism.

Turin has drawn up a master plan

consisting of 45 actions focused on

mobility, energy, social inclusion and

environment. Each of these cities has

been developing their own experience

curve and it is necessary to compare

these initiatives, in order to identify best

practices and replicable models.

The importance of local

identity

From the idea to the

project

Cities already on their

way

28


FROM CHECK-UP TO THE SMART

CITY’S ROADMAP -2

29

MEETING WITH THE

MAYOR

Presentation of the Smart Cities national ranking and analysis of the position achieved by the city

CITY’S RANKING

MEETING WITH

COUNCILOR AND/OR

CITY MANAGER

Creating a shared vision of the as/is and the pattern to pursue VISION AND GAP ANALYSIS

ONE-TO-ONE

CONFRONTATION WITH

CITY STAKEHOLDERS

Internal actors of the city administration (councilors, managers, executives) Locally based stakeholders (municipal companies, chamber of commerce, associations, etc.)

CHECK-UP AND

RECCOMANDATIONS

PROJECTS: START AND

COMMUNICATION

Starting of immediately feasible projects Activation of project group for EU/Regional Funds Active involvements of local businesses Organization of conferences and events

ROADMAP


METHOD

The Smart City Index is a ranking of intelligent cities

that aims at measuring the smartness level of 116

county towns defined as 'primary' by ISTAT, Italy’s

National Institute of Statistics. The 2014 Index is

built by an aggregation of 422 indicators, referred

to 12 thematic areas.

Over 70% of data are derived from surveys

carried out directly by Between; the remaining

indicators are the result of processing data from

institutional sources (ISTAT, GSE, Ministry of

Education, etc.).

Between collects data through a timely and updated

census of all innovative initiatives in the cities. A

users’ centric view (citizen, enterprises, tourist, etc.)

has been adopted regarding the availability of

services via the net or in any other digital view.

Regarding infrastructure and planning indicators

instead, the Index surveys all innovations in the cities

and analyses all related plans. Almost all indicators

(94%) relate to city level; those 26 indicators located

in the thematic areas of Renewable Energy and

Alternative Mobility instead relate to the provincial

level.

The choice of thematic areas, indicators and

weightings has been carried out by Between’s

Competence Center for Smart Cities and Smart

Communities in cooperation with highly esteemed

experts on the subjects covered, in order to better

describe the phenomena of innovation that occur in

the city.

In order to aggregate into a single ranking data of

different thematic areas and different units of

measurement, each individual indicator were

standardized and normalized on a 0-100 score;

downstream of this process weights were applied to

the individual indicators and a ranking was calculated

for each of the 12 areas.

The score of a city in the total ranking of the Smart

City Index was finally calculated simply by using the

average of the scores that this city achieves in the 12

considered areas. Hereafter, it was standardized and

normalized on a 0-100 score. In the event that a city

could not deliver enough data to calculate the score

in a sub-area or in one of the thematic rankings

(Smart Education data for example are not available

for Aosta and Bolzano), the score was calculated on

the remaining areas and sub-areas.

With data derived from third party sources some

occasional “not available” appear for some cities. In

these cases a value equal to the average values of all

other cities was assigned to the indicator.

In the table below, for each thematic area you may

find a list of sub-areas, a brief description of the

indicators, sources and further notes or explanations

on the method used to calculate the ranking of each

area.

30


INDICATORS IN DETAILS-1

31

THEMATIC AREA CATEGORIES AND INDICATORS NUMBER OF INDICATORS

SOURCES NOTES

BROADBAND

Fixed Broad Band and Ultra Broad Band: full ADSL, ADSL2+ unbundling, VDSL/optical fibre net coverages (% population). Mobile Broadband and Ultra Broadband: HSPDA and LTE coverages (% population), number of public and private Wi-Fi hot-spots per inhabitant.

8

Ultra Broadband Between 4Q

2013 Observatory, CheFuturo,

CheWi-Fi 2013

SMART HEALTH

Electronic Health: booking of specialist’s visits, prescription charge payment and withdrawal of reports via the web, through the mobile channel (app, sms) and through alternative channels (chemists, post office counters, tobacconists, etc.) (% Local Health Authorities LHA), choice of general practitioner (% LHA), Electronic Health Record (% LHA).

19 Between 2013

SMART MOBILITY

Local Public Transport: electronic ticketing, digitized timetables and routes (Travel Planner), information services to users on the move (intelligent poles, web, SMS, App, Social Network). Private Transport: presence and computerization of ZTL (restricted traffic zone), systems of electronic payment of parking lots and other payment methods, mobile information services to drivers (web, SMS, App).

57 Between 2014

SMART EDUCATION

Digital Education: ratio of number of PC (desktop + laptop) to number of students, ratio of fixed/mobile IWB to number of classes, ratio of number of students to total no. of IWB, ratio of fixed LIM and total of IWB, % of classrooms connected to Internet by LAN and Wi-Fi.

7

MIUR 2012, Autonomous Province of Trento

2013

For Valle d’Aosta and the Aut. Province of Bolzano data are not available, as neither is part of the Italian National System of Education (MIUR).

SMART GOVERNMENT

Municipal online services: Service interactivity level of personal certificates requests, change of residence, local taxation, permits to businesses, and registrations at municipal schools; The city’s presence on social networks; transparency and accountability degree; quality of the web portal. Electronic Payments: online payment and payment forms of local taxes and municipal school fees. Open Data: presence of open data projects and portals, number and quality of published datasets; apps developed using municipal open data.

129 Between 2014,

MagellanoPA 2014 portal

In the event that an indicator was missing for a city, this city was assigned the average value of this indicator calculated for all cities.

SMART CULTURE &TRAVEL

Culture and Tourism: existence and quality of municipal web portals for culture and tourism, presence in social networks, information and ability to book accommodation and restaurants, information on attractions and services offered by the city, online access to city libraries and museums, online tickets, recommended routes for tourists and user generated content, card and apps for tourists and citizens.

64 Between 2013

Analysis of the services available via web portals of county towns and via official (municipal, regional or provincial thematic) portals connected.

SMART SECURITY

Urban Security: Urban Security planning (security pact), data integration and interpretation platforms, security dedicated communication networks (optic fibre, Wi-Fi, Simulcast, Tetra), video surveillance, sensors for monitoring public transportation and roads, seismic monitoring. Digital Security: Security planning documents, business - continuity or disaster recovery plan, data virtualization systems.

33

Between 2014, Ministry of Internal

Affairs 2014, Department of Civil Protection 2012

SMART JUSTICE

Digital Justice: state of progress of the telematic civil trial - Courts of Appeal and General Courts with at least one available electronic filing service, types of enabled services, number of documents electronically filed by external users and by Magistrates related to the total; number of external entities and Magistrates depositors related to the total.

25 Ministry of Justice 2013

Note: all thematic areas include an indicator related to the city's participation at one or more of the MIUR Smart Cities & Communities calls.


INDICATORS IN DETAILS-2

32

THEMATIC AREA CATEGORIES AND INDICATORS NUMBER OF INDICATORS

SOURCES NOTES

ALTERNATIVE MOBILITY

Electric Mobility: registrations of hybrid/electric cars and comparison to previous year, presence of hybrid/elecric cars in the municipal fleet and in the car sharing fleets (if any), total of circulating electric cars (comparison to previous year), number of electric charging stations in the city, energy consumption for charging electric vehicles. Mobility Sharing/Pooling: presence of municipal service for car sharing, bike sharing and their characteristics (web-portal, apps, electric vehicles etc.), extension of cycle paths, presence of cycle couriers.

22

Between 2014, ENEL

2014, ANFIA 2013,

UNRAE 2012, ISTAT2013,

colonnineelettriche.it

ruote-elettriche.it,

2013

In the event that an indicator was missing for a city, this city was assigned the average value of this indicator calculated for all cities.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Solar Energy: installed power and photovoltaic production rates at provincial level. Wind energy: installed wind power wheels and wind power production rates, at provincial level, comparison to previous year. Hydro-electric power: installed power plants and hydro-electric power production rates at provincial level, comparison to previous year. Alternative Energy: bio-energy production rates and waste derived energy at provincial level, comparison to previous year, installed geothermal power plants and energy rates produced, installed capacity of ocean thermal energy conversion, Alternative per capita energy production rates.

20 GSE 2013

ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY

Smart Building: local policies to encourage energy efficiency in buildings, power production by solar panels installed on municipal buildings, per capita electricity and natural gas consumption for domestic use (comparison to previous year), diffusion of district heating and served volumes. Smart Lighting: presence of local policies for public lighting, projects of public lighting efficiency, investments and current spending for public lighting. Smart Grid: ratio between remotely controlled nodes of the network and total nodes.

23

ISTAT 2013, Between

2013, ENEL 2013,

ONRE 2013, Ministry of

Internal Affairs 2012

In the event that an indicator was missing for a city, this city was assigned the average value of this indicator calculated for all cities. Methane gas is not distributed in some county towns of Sardinia. The score here was calculated on the remaining indicators. For L'Aquila ISTAT data on the consumption of electricity and natural gas are not available, so again the score was calculated on the remaining indicators.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Waste management: presence and quality of waste separation and door-to-door collection, waste collection centers and incentives for home composting. Water management: population connected to wastewater treatment plants (% of total), water consumption for domestic use, level of water dispersion within the system. Quality of the air: number of monitoring stations compared to the city’s size, maximum number of exceeded PM10 pollution limit days and comparison to previous year.

15 ISTAT 2013

In the event that an indicator was missing for a city, this city was assigned the average value of this indicator calculated for all cities Note: all thematic areas include an indicator related to the city's participation at one or more of the MIUR Smart Cities & Communities calls.


BETWEEN Established in 1998, Between offers specialized services of strategic and

technologic consulting in the field of Information & Communication Technology

(ICT) and Digital.

The know-how is structured on the main areas of ICT/Digital competence:

economy and finance, marketing, technologies, security, rules, organization and

innovation policies. Between collaborates with Information & Communication

Technology leaders, with major bank groups, with public and private

enterprises, with Italy’s Communication Authority AGCOM, with Central and

Local Public Administrations and with financial investors.

Between has head-offices in Milan, Rome, Turin and Rio de Janeiro.

Innovation monitoring on the territory:

Between has established two observatories so far, the

Broadband Observatory since 2001 and the Digital

Services Platforms Observatory since 2008.

Local smart cities projects:

Between has thought up and coordinated City+, the

Smart City project involving the two Italian ICT-

entrepreneurs’ associations, Assinform and hence

Confindustria Digitale. The aim is to improve through an

increasing rate of innovation the quality of life,

sustainability and competitiveness in the metropolitan

area of Milan. Moreover, it supports Mayors and their

local administrations in performing Smart City related

check-ups, in order to design integrated plans for Smart

City related projects (Digital Agenda, RoadMap, etc.).

Institutional reports on innovation:

based on its analyses Between has

issued the following reports: eGov Italia

2010 and 2012 (Agency for Digital

Italia), the “Rapporto sull’Innovazione

nell’Italia delle Regioni 2012”

(Innovation Report in the Italian Regions

2012, CISIS – Centro Interregionale per

i Sistemi Informatici, Geografici e

Statistici, interregional center for

informatic, geographic and statistical

systems), the “Rapporto Confindustria

2011: Servizi e Infrastrutture per

l’Innovazione Digitale nel Paese” (2011

Confindustria Report on Services and

Infrastructures for Digital Innovation in

Italy), the 2012 and 2013 Uniontrasporti

reports on Broadband and Ultra

Broadband for 26 Chambers of

Commerce, as well as the 2012 and

2013 Telecom Italia reports “Italia

Connessa – Agende Digitali Regionali”

(Connected Italy – Regional Digital

Agendas).

Thanks to a consistent know-how

achieved in territorial innovation,

Between has created a Competence

Center to support both demand and

supply with the following services:

» Digital Check-ups of cities and

territories.

» Innovation plans for policy-

makers at national level (agencies,

ministries).

» Business intelligence analysis and

go-to-market initiatives for Smart

Cities and digital solutions suppliers.

The Competence Center

on Smart Cities and

Smart Communities

33


www.between.it

For further information:

[email protected]

Twitter:

@SmartCityIndex

Copyright 2014 © Between SpA

All rights reserved

via San Gregorio, 34 - 20124 Milano

(+39) 02.85.50.051

Graphics

www.studioclue.com

34

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