BETWEEN DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE, RECLAIMING A SKOLT SAMI DOMAIN JACK RUETER & MIKA HÄMÄLÄINEN UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF MODERN LANGUAGES, DIGITAL HUMANITIES 21/6/18 1 Rueter, Jack & Hämäläinen, Mika. University of Helsinki, Digital Humanities
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BETWEEN DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE, RECLAIMINGA SKOLT SAMI DOMAIN
JACK RUETER & MIKA HÄMÄLÄINEN
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI
DEPARTMENT OF MODERN LANGUAGES,
DIGITAL HUMANITIES
21/6/18 1Rueter, Jack & Hämäläinen, Mika. University of Helsinki, Digital Humanities
Our sponsor:
The Kone Foundation, in Helsinki, has funded much descriptive research in minority languages
through the ”Language Programme” 2012—2017.
Research on the revitalization of Skolt Sami language through use of ICALL (Intelligent Computer-
Assisted Language Learning) and the documentation of these methods for transfer to other
languages is one of the numerous long-term projects receiving funding. (2015—2018)
21/6/18Rueter, Jack & Hämäläinen, Mika. University of Helsinki, Digital Humanities 2
INTRODUCTION
• Skolt Sami pluricentricity
• Lexical background
• Morphological description
• Normative body
• Documentation
21/6/18 3Rueter, Jack & Hämäläinen, Mika. University of Helsinki, Digital Humanities
Skolt Samik pluricentricity
• Geographic location and political history
• Extensive fieldwork with dialects not included in the literary standard
• Establishment of a normative body tending towards language development with a more Finnish
orientation
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Where have the Skolt Sami lived?
• 3 countriesFinland, Russia and Norway (sources for pluricentric language domains)
• 2 main dialects (Paaččjokk and Suõʹnnʼjel)• Paaččjokk
Njauddâm (extinct), Paaččjokk, Peäccam, and Mue ʹtǩǩ
• Resettlement and restructuring of reindeer husbandry• Establishment of a few heterogeneous language centers• Loss of any community with a homogeneous language form.
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Lexical background
• Lexical work from fieldwork
• Skolt Samik pluricentricity
• Geographic location and political history• Extensive fieldwork with dialects not included in the literary standard• Establishment of a normative body tending towards language development with a more Finnish orientation
• Language spoken originally in what is now three countries, Finland, Russia and Norway.
• The two main dialects Paaččjokk (North-West) and Suõʹnnʼjel (South-East)
• Paaččjokk (North-West)• Njauddâm (extinct), Paaččjokk, Peäccam, and Mueʹtǩǩ,
Ǩiõlljuâǥǥtõs• Working together with the normative body Ǩiõlljuâǥǥtõs
Online through (Saamelaiskäräjät in Inari, Finland https://www.samediggi.fi/2018/03/22/nuorttsaam-kiolljuaggtos-kiorgti-jonn-askldoksannostuajas/?lang=nuo )
• spelling, inflectional and lexical norms for the language.
• Issues
Majority language orientation shift
Generation gap
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• Karelian (krl) versus Olonets-Karelian (olo) (external-political push to identify as single entity: single area)
• Komi-Zyrian versus Komi-Permyak(political area split of continuum)
• Tundra Nenets (yrk) (Only political area split)
• Moksha (mdf) versus Erzya (myv)
• Võro (vro) versus Seto
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SPÄʹSSEB!
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Sources
• Fiest, T. 2015. A Grammar of Skolt Saami. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne, 273. Helsinki: Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
• Itkonen, T. I. 1958. Koltan- ja Kuolanlapin sanakirja – Wörterbuch des Kolta- und Kolalappischen. LexicaSocietatis Fenno-Ugricae XV. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
• Sammallahti, P. 1998. The Saami Languages: An Introduction., Karasjok, Norway: Davvi Girji.
• Historical map of Pechengsky District from<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechengsky_District#/media/File:Petsamo.png> [accessed June 19, 2018] and not subject to copyright restrictions.