Best practices on irrigation [email protected]Joint Research Centre and Directorate-General for Environment Best practices in improving the sustainability of agriculture EXPO Milan, 6 July 2015 Daniele Massa and Alberto Pardossi CRA-VIV The views expressed are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person action on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this presentation. Global agriculture and water use (ha x 10 6 ) q Cultivated area (rainfed + irrigated) = 1,500 q Irrigated area = 300 (20%) q Irrigated area for food production = 40% q Irrigated area with salinity = 40% <1700 m 3 /capita/year <1000 m 3 /capita/year 2/23 General aspects q Seasonal/annual irrigation water use: • Field crops: 300 (e.g. beans) to 1200 mm (e.g. cotton) • Protected crops (per year): 600 (e.g. leafy vegs.) to 1500 (fruit vegs.) • Higher in soilless culture (open-loop hydroponics) than in soil q Tendency to over-irrigate (+10 to +50%) results in: • water loss • nutrient loss (with drainage water) and pollution (e.g. nitrates) • increased production costs (energy for pumping, fertilisers,…) • crop water stress (due to waterlogging and hypoxia in the root zone) • increased susceptibility to root diseases 1 mm = 1 L m -2 = 1 kg m -2 = 10 m 3 ha -1 F 3/23 Water use efficiency (WUE) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 WUE (kg/m 3 ) - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 Open field Unheated plastic tunnel Unheated greenhouse Heated greenhouse Heated soilless greenhouse (closed cycle) I (mm); Y (t/ha) Yield WUE Irrigation volume Irrigation management & growing technology 4/23
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Best practices on irrigation - Wählen Sie eine Sprache · Best practices on irrigation ... • Higher in soilless culture (open-loop hydroponics) than in soil ... Irrigation scheduling
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The views expressed are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person action on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this presentation.
Global agriculture and water use (ha x 106)
q Cultivated area (rainfed + irrigated) = 1,500
q Irrigated area = 300 (20%)
q Irrigated area for food production = 40%
q Irrigated area with salinity = 40%
<1700 m3/capita/year
<1000 m3/capita/year
2/23
General aspects
q Seasonal/annual irrigation water use:
• Field crops: 300 (e.g. beans) to 1200 mm (e.g. cotton)