sser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 1 Design: Repurposing Museum Content for different User Groups UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies Howard Besser UCLA School of Education & Information http:// www.newliteracies.gseis.ucl a.edu/ http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/ ~howard/
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Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 1 Adaptive System Design: Repurposing Museum Content for different User Groups UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century.
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Besser--AAM Repurposing 5/14/02 1
Adaptive System Design:Repurposing Museum Content
for different User GroupsUCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies
Howard Besser
UCLA School of Education & Information
http://www.newliteracies.gseis.ucla.edu/
http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/
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Adaptive System Design:Repurposing Museum Content
for different User Groups-
_ History, underlying problem/issue_ MOAC_ UCLA/CDL Approach using Adaptive
Systems_ Repurposing Other Content
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History, underlying problem/issue
_ Different ways in which we treat info for internal management vs. visitor access-
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Besser, Howard (1997). The Transformation of the Museum and the way it’s Perceived, in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of
Museums, pages 153-169
Interactive Multimedia
Exhibition Packages
Collection Management
SystemsDesigned for explanationand access
Designed for inventorycontrol, record-keeping
Good user interface Poor user interface
Narrative-basedOffer coherent view of somedomain
Object-based
No overall view of domain
Records are limited andcarefully selected
Unlimited records; all areavailable
Frequently no database Usually a powerful database
Limited user navigation Unlimited user navigationAlways single-user Single-user or multi-user
Closed-box system Open or interoperablesystems
Static Dynamic
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Museum Online Archive of California (MOAC)
_ Difficulty of “merging” records from very different museums
_ Leverage external standards and software/processing development
_ Adoption of EAD and Finding Aid approach
_ Examples & Limitations from MOAC sites-
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Examples & Limitationsfrom MOAC sites-
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“John Sutter” (no results); “Sutter” (ambiguous results)
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UCLA/Pacbell Approach: Adaptive Systems
_ Profiles for particular user groups (4th grade students, 12th graders, teachers, historians)
_ Different user interface, navigation, and vocabulary for each user group
_ Only some groups will see the full Finding Aid structure, but all will see brief context
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UCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies
_ The User_ Summit_ Policy_ Design Issues & Adaptive Systems_ The Problem and Issues-
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21st Century Literacies
_ Information Literacy_ Visual Literacy_ Media Literacy_ Cultural Literacy_ ...
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The Problem and Issues
_ If we solve Access Problem (technology, bandwidth, training), other impediments to an informed citizenry still remain
_ Need critical evaluation of resources (reliability, authoritativeness, thoroughness, recency)
_ Need skills to pare down from information overload_ Need critical thinking skills_ Need to deal with different users having different
backgrounds and capabilities
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Design Issues
_ Examine factors that inhibit efficient and effective use of an information system
_ Examine how best to design systems to match the literacy levels, technological capabilities, and other characteristics of the user
_ Principles, Practices, and Guidelines for Good Design for Facilitating Access (screen design, searching & navigation, metadata & description, info structures & organization, usability testing, …)
_ Build Adaptive Systems
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Possible Good Design Principles
_ Don’t disenfranchise users who have slow processors, older browsers, low bandwidth, visual impairment, etc.
_ Clearly note the recency of any information resource
_ Make sure that a user can easily determine what organization/agency created or contributed to an information resource
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Our Resources related toGood Design Principles
_ Screen Design - The visual design of the screen can impact usability. Color, font, the use of images, and layout of screen elements are essential design components.
_ Searching and Navigation - Ease of navigation and search/browsing options are critical components of usability.
_ Metadata and Description - Good metadata and site description will help users find the appropriate website.
_ Information Structures and Organization - How information is organized and categorized shapes access. For systems with an underlying searchable database, the structure of the database itself will determine the outcome of searches.
_ Usability Testing - Includes resources on how to evaluate sites and on testing
for usability.
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Build Adaptive Systems_ Build Systems that adapt the same back-end
information to different user profiles (different knowledge bases, different technical capabilities, different cognitive structures)
_ User profiles may include advanced researcher in a particular subject area, general undergraduate student, high school student, …
_ Different profiles will need different user interfaces, navigation, searching vocabulary, file formats and sizes, ...
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User ProfilesCombination of dimensions and purpose
_ Can serve different audiences (general public, purposeful inquirer [cultural tourist], domain specialist)
_ Each profile audience will– see a level of discourse addressed to them
– experience a user interface appropriate to their profile
– use vocabulary they are familiar with
_ Yet all will be using the same back-end set of information
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Adaptive Systemshow they’ll work
_ Passing search terms through a thesaurus to map specialist vocabulary to/from vernacular
_ Adapting vocabulary from curatorial language into common discourse; development of markup extensions to EAD/CIMI/CIDOC to allow description for different audiences
_ In general, specialized users will experience more text-based interfaces, while general users will experience more graphic/visual interfaces
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Adaptive Systemsdevelopment plan
_ Research and experimentation_ Profile several different user communities_ Create an additional information delivery
system and compare user utility between it and prior system
_ Demonstrate the utility of this approach (proof of concept) for further research and design
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Joint CDL/UCLA project
_ Use OAC/MOAC and/or JARDA (concentrating on images and Finding Aids that include images)
_ Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences– Front-ends-– Target Audiences-
_ Evaluate
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Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences:
Front-ends to include_ Screen design for searching and for display_ Browsing, probably with some high-level
categorization/grouping_ Searching_ Possibly vocabulary mapped through
thesauri
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Profile and construct a series of different front-ends for different audiences
Target audiences might include
_ 4th grade students_ 12th grade students_ 4th grade teachers_ 12th grade teachers_ University faculty_ Some people outside the history/social
studies sector
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Adaptive Systems Tentative Timeline
_ Winter 2002– Explore literature on interface and searching issues (CO data, CIMI, kids)
– Begin working with 12th and 4th grade teachers
– Begin discussions with CDL programmers
_ Spring 2002– Pre-test various groups with conventional EAD interface
– Mock up and begin testing interface screens and searching strategies
_ Summer 2002– Preliminary implementation and pre-test
_ Fall 2002– Further implementation, full testing, and evaluation
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What does this all mean forMuseum Professionals?
_ Feasibility of Adaptive Systems that deliver the same back-end info tailored to different sets of user needs
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Repurposing Other Content
_ Content from Howard’s classes--_ http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/repurposing.html
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Adaptive System Design:Repurposing Museum Content
for different User GroupsUCLA/Pacific Bell Initiative for 21st Century Literacies
Howard Besser
UCLA School of Education & Informationhttp://www.newliteracies.gseis.ucla.edu/
Besser, Howard (1997). The Transformation of the Museum and the way it’s Perceived, in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of