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Neurosurgery
in Turkey
Ankara
Atatrk Research and Education HospitalChief, Department of Neurological Surgery
Bilkent, Ankara, TURKEY
Ethem BESKONAKLI, M.D., Ph.D.,President, Turkish Neurosurgical Society
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Turkey
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Anatolia
Anatolia was the main theater of countless immigrations,invasions and occupations from the prehistoric ages toeven the present day
This led to a concentration of influences of a variety ofcivilizations and cultures
All civilizations in and around Anatolia influenced theformation of medicine and surgery in the premodern era
Erbengi A. , Naderi S, Elmac I.
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Anatolian Civilization
Hatti civilization ( 2500-2000 BC)
Troy-II settlement ( 2500-2000 BC)
Hatti and Hittite principalitiesperiod ( 2000-1750 BC)
Great Hittite Kingdom ( 1750-1200BC)
Aegean migration and invasionfrom Balkans ( 1200 BC)
The Anatolian principalities during
the Iron Age ( 1200-700 BC) Urartu civilization (900-600 BC)
The civilization of Phrygia ( 750-300BC), Lydia, Caria, and Lyciacivilizations (700-300 bc)
Ion civilization (1050-300 BC)
Persian civilization (545-333 BC)
Hellenistic and Roman ages ( 333BC- 395AD)
The Byzantine civilization (AD 330-1453)
Short time Arabic era
Seljuks ( AD 1071-1300) and
Ottoman empires (AD 1299-1923) The Republic of Turkey was
established in 1923
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Neurosurgery has a short background all over the world whencompared to other surgical fields
The process of surgical development in Turkey did not differfrom most Western Countries
But we have some information about the neurosurgery inmedieval Anatolia
There are many reports of skull trepanations in Anatolia (reasonfor?; medical reason?, bad spirits?)
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Trepanation in Anatolia
Many trapanned skulls werefound in anatolianarchaeological works
The skulls were trepanned inmore than 35 cases using 4main techniques, includingcurettage, grooving, cutting,and drilling.
There was evidence of healing
in 19 of these cases, suggestingsurvival of the individuals aftertrepanation (Akurgal E.;Cultural history of Anatolia )
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Medicine in and around Anatolia
Hippocrates ( 460-377 BC)
Galen
Ibn-i Sina (Avicenna)
Ebubekr Muhammed Zekeriyya Rz(865-925)
Ali bn Abbas el-Mecs (?-994)
erafeddin Sabuncuolu (1465)
Cerrah brahim (16th century)
anzde Mehmet Ataullah (19thcentury)
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Medicine in and around Anatolia
Al-Qanun (Ibn-i Sina -Avicenna)
Alim-i Cerrh(Cerrah brahim)
Cerrahname (unknown)
Hulsa (EbThirMuhammed,Ed.)
Hulsa-i Tbb(Cerrah Mesud,Translation to Turkish)
Knnl-Cerrhn(anzdeMehmet Ataullah)
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bn-i Sina (Avicenna)
The Canon of Medicine by Ibn-i Sinawas first translated from Arabicinto Latin in the 12th century andinto Hebrew in 1279. It served as
the main guide to medical sciencein Europe and was used in medicalschools there until the mid-17thcentury.
Picture;BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA DIBOLOGNA / NATIONAL LIBRARY OF
MEDICINE
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bn-i Sina Hospital, AnkaraUniversty, Ankara
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Medicine in Anatolia
The Gevher Nesibe Hospitalof Kayseri was one of the firstorganized hospitals in the world
During their prosperous period,the Ottomans built manyhospitals in many cities,including Bursa (1399), Istanbul(1470), Edirne (1488), and
Manisa (1539) The Turkish-Islamic tradition of
medicine advanced during theOttoman period
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erafeddin Sabuncuolu of Amasya
One of the notable examples ofmedicine and surgery practiceduring this time is erefeddinSabuncuoglu
He was born in 1465, Amasya, oneof the ancient city of centralAnatolia
This Turkish physician wrote manymedical books, including a coloredillustrated surgery book,CerrahiyetulHaniye (ImperialSurgery), in the 15th century
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erafeddin Sabuncuolu(Cerrahiyetl Haniyye)
This atlas contains many neurosurgical applications forepilepsy, hydrocephalus, headache, low back pain,sciatica, spinal dislocations and cauterization techniques
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Cerrahiyetl Haniyye(Imperial Surgery)
Treatment of spinal dislocations
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History of Modern Turkish Neurosurgery
1. Era: 1890 - 19092. Era: 1909 - 1933
3. Era: 1933 - 1950
4. Era: after 1950
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Dr. Cemil Topuzlu (1866-1958)
He was the pioneer of modern Turkish Surgery in Turkey
He presented a case of brain abscess in a French Surgery Societymeeting in 1894
This was a report of successful neurosurgical drainage of brain abscessjust a few years after the report of McEwen
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History of Modern Turkish Neurosurgery
In the beginning, neurosurgical applications wereperformed by general surgeons
Most of these applications included procedures forcraniocerebral traumas, infections and procedures for painrelief
The first neurosurgeon, Dr. Abdulkadir CahitTuner,
started working in 1923, operating in some spinal cord,brain tumor and trigeminal neuralgia cases
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History of Turkish Neurosurgery
Other neurosurgeons, Dr. Hami Dilek,Dr. erif Baydur, and Dr. Cafer TayyarKankat, were trained in France and
started to work in the mid 1930s
The first neurosurgery departmentwas established in Istanbul in 1923,
and the first neurosurgery trainingprogram started in the late 1940s
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Dr. Mazhar Osman Usman
The developments contributing toTurkish neurosurgery in the early20th century were not limited tothe surgical advancements
There were also someadvancements in neuroscience
Mazhar Osman,founder of modernneuroscience in those days, sentmany neuropsychiatrists for
training in experimentalpsychiatry, neurology,neuropathology, and neurosurgery
Dr Ca t Tuner
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Dr. Ca t Tuner(1892-1980)
First Turkish Neurosurgeon (1923)
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First Turkish Neurosurgery Journal(1936-1947) Modern Cerrahi ve Nroirrji Mecmuas
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First Turkish Neurosurgery Journal(1936-1947) Modern Cerrahi ve Nroirrji Mecmuas
This interesting journal waspublished between 1936 and1947 and is one of the earliest
neurosurgery journals in theWorld
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Prof. Dr. Mim Kemal ke(1884-1955)
First spinal fusion(1925)
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History of Turkish Neurosurgery
1940-1960 s
1940-1950 s; Istanbul University
1960; Hacettepe University, Ankara
1965; Ankara University, Ankara
1967; Ege University, Izmir
1972 ; Cukurova University, Adana Other centers were established in subsequent years
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History of Turkish Neurosurgery
1940-1960 s
Dr. Feyyaz Berkay (1915-1993)
He was the first Turkish surgeonto complete formal
neurosurgery training. Workingbetween 1946 and 1951 in theUnited States, he was certifiedto the American Board ofNeurosurgery
Dr. Blent Tarcan (1914-1991)Another neurosurgeon ofIstanbul University, He was alsoa brilliant composer in Turkey
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Prof. Dr. Nurhan Avman(1928-1988) First President of our society
First Cloward operationfor cervical discherniation: 1964
Dr. V. Cloward: FirstCloward operation:1958
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Professor M. Gazi Yaargil
Pioneer of aneurysm and microneurosurgery
He was born in Turkey
Primary and high school in
TurkeyMedical school in Germany
Trained manyneurosurgeons from Turkey
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History of Turkish Neurosurgery
Today, there are 75 neurosurgery training centers and 1250neurosurgeons in Turkey
Universty Hospitals State Hospitals Foundation Hospitals
There is an increasing number of publications by Turkishneurosurgeons, contributing to the total body of literaturein neurosurgery
The current state of neurosurgery in Turkey is parallel tothat of the advanced western countries.
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
First NeurosurgicalSociety in Turkey wasfounded in 1968 inIstanbul (NroirrjiCemiyeti)
This society was closed in1982 during military rule
In 1985, the TurkishNeurosurgical Society wasfounded again, with Dr.
Nurhan Avman serving asits first chair
Nowadays the societyhave 1050 members
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Past Presidents(on duty for maximum two years)
Nurhan Avman
Aykut Erbengi
zdemir Gray Tunalp zgen
Ycel Kanpolat Osman Ekin zcan Ertekin Arasl Yama Takn M. Nur Altnrs
M. Kemali Baykaner Kaya Aksoy
M. Necmettin Pamir
Nurcan zdamar . Seluk Palaolu Mehmet Zileli
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
OURMAIN ORGANIZATIONS!
Scientific (meetings, education, training)
Professional works (working principles, chargesfor neurosurgical procedures, base and extrasalaries)
Social responsibility projects (civil initiativeworks)
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Neurosurgery Training in Turkey
Duration of neurosurgery training is 6 years
-20 months are in other departments
Board certification Started at 2006 (writtenand oral examination)
7 centers already have accreditation fromEuropean Board
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Journals;
Turkish Neurosurgerywww.turkishneurosurgery.org.tr
Since 1994, 4 issues a year
Indexed in Pubmed (2007)
Indexed in SCI-E (2008)
Trk Nroirrji Dergisi(n Turkish)
Since 1989 4 issues a year
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
News-Bulletins;
Main;
Groups News;
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society; Books;
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Booklets;
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
http://www.turknorosirurji.org.tr
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Meetings & Symposia
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Courses;
Basic Courses;in March, 3 days, completed in 4 years
Pediatric Neurosurgery Course; in April, 3 days, completed
in 3 years
Summer Spine School; in June, 4 days, completed in 2 years
Advanced Spine Course; in November, 3 days
Research Symposia; in May, 3 days
Training for TraineesCourse; in April, 1 day
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
We also have;
Scientific Paper Awards
Non-refundable Scholarships
project supporting works
exchange resident programs
give counseling to other society
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
Last year in our 23nd annual congress;
Number Session
Oral Presentations 130Poster Discussions 90Electronic Poster 400workshop 11Total Papers 620 84
TotalParticipants; 1350
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Turkish Neurosurgical Society
24th Annual Meetingwill be held on May2010 together with
* 6th NeurosurgeryNurses Meeting
* 2nd Korean-Turkish
NeurosurgeonsFriendship jointMeetings
Social Responsibility Projects
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Social Responsibility Projects(civil initiative works)
Memorial Forest
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Social Responsibility Projects
www.oncedusun.org.tr
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Social Responsibility Projects
nceDn!( ThinkFirst like anorganization)
Yearly painting contest forprimary school students
(Theme;how to protect our
body from trauma)
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Social Responsibility Projects(Painting contest;Second)
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Social Responsibility Projects(Painting contest;Third)
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Exhibition
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Social Responsibility Projects
nceDn!(ThinkFirst)
Billboard warnings on the
roads (theme;protect of yourbody; sleepless, alcohol,
seatbelt, speedy)
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Thank you for coming. . .
This is the first
Middle East
Neurosurgicalsymposia, and
hope to organize
future meetings
every year indifferent countries
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Thank you for coming. . .
We are looking
forward to yoursupport for ourbidding for 2017WFNS Congress!
www.wfns2017.info