BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos Bernard Harrison Principle Partner - Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd
Dec 14, 2015
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos
Bernard Harrison
Principle Partner - Creativity & Design
Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
What this Talk is all about …
• The raison d'être of zoos is to change attitudes & set examples for the visiting public on conservation
• Besides wildlife conservation this should include environmental conservation
Global warming
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
What this Talk is all about …
• The best ways to demonstrate this is to plan, design & build everything in a zoo to be eco-friendly & sustainable
• And offer our guests examples of how to live sustainably
Recycled tin can lamp
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Outline• Elaborating on SEAZA’s 8-Point
Action Plan for Success
• To achieve eco-friendly status:– Ensure the planners
understand & buy-into the eco-friendly concept
– Follow principles of eco-architecture & use recyclable materials from sustainable sources
Coke can car
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Outline
– Practice water harvesting, storage & recycling
– Use & showcase alternative sources of energy
– Understand the Clean Development Mechanism
Baby-scorpion
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Buzz Word
Global Warming
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
It’s not only about melting ice caps …
19792003
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Global Warming
• Reduced polar ice - raises the sea level
• Most vulnerable will be the poor countries - most affected by floods, droughts & storms
• Singapore is studying 4m high dyke system
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
An Inconvenient Truth
It took Al Gore to tell the world Why didn’t the zoo world do it first?
Its our business!!
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Desertification
Drought in the Senegal
Desert ecosystems are the only ecosystem that are increasing in size
Global Warming?
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Earth’s Biocapacity
• Global Ecological Footprint exceeds the Biocapacity by 21%
• Thus, we are spending Nature’s Capital faster than it can be regenerated
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Developed world must adopt new models
Methane, produced by cows burping & farting, has a global warming potential which is 21 times greater than carbon dioxide
Globalization means everyone wants western standards of living
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Should we promote vegetarianism?
Paris Hilton eating fast food
Poverty is one of the most serious causes of environmental destruction
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Stern Report …
• Economic impacts of climate change have shaken world political & industrial leaders
• Globally cities - have inadequate & unsustainable infrastructure to meet growing populations
Sir Nicholas Stern - 2006
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
We now live in cities……. which are totally unnatural
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Cities are Unnatural
• 50% of 5.6 billion live in cities
• 326 cities - over 1m
• 19 mega cities - over 10m
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Cities are Unnatural
Need concentrations of: – Food– Water– Energy
Lagos, Nigeria
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Cities are Unnatural
Need to dispose of:– Garbage– Sewerage– Grey water– Air pollutants
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Cities are Unnatural
• Cover 2% of earth’s surface
• Account for:– 78% carbon emissions– 60% residence water
waste– 76% wood for industry
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Eco-friendly developments in our zoos
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Eco-architecture• Bioclimatic & sustainable architecture:
– Green roof buildings– Orientation of buildings to maximize use of natural
light & natural wind ventilation
Twycross Zoo -Entrance complexwith green roof
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Natural Cooling Sources
• Tree planting to reduce heat retention of buildings
• Air movement is the most important element of passive cooling
• Reduces need for airconditioning & fans
Passive shade
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Natural Cooling Sources
Design planting to funnel breezes through the building
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Eco-efficient Tropical House
Good cross ventilation
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Passive Climate ControlAir is drawn over a lake outside, which cools the
building
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Building Materials
• Selection of building materials - especially timber - from sustainable sources, which are recycled or can be recycled
• Energy efficient materials
• Use of indigenous regional architecture using tried & tested designs & materials Artificial timber boardwalk
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
International Audits
1. Follow LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) ratings for design, construction, and operation of green buildings
2. And ISO 1402 (International Organization of Standardization) for energy conservation
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Eco-landscape
• Landscape provides functions & production as well as aesthetic qualities
• Landscape supports biological climate control
• Soften impact of hard landscape
• Provides space for food production
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Vertical Strata
Over 10m
5-10m
2-5m
1-2m
0-1m
Yield caloriesm2/yr
450
500
300
45
15
A: (over 10m) Coconut, albiziaB: (5-10m) fruit trees: soursop, jackfruit, pisitam, guava, mountain apple, cloves, breadfruit, avocado, mango, mangosteen, rambutan C: (2-5m) banana, papaya, small fruit trees (belimbil, starfruit) salek, coffee, ipil ipil D: (1-2m) cassava, Xanthosoma, arrowroot, gembili (D.esculenta) cardamom, galangal E: (0-1m) starch foods, vegetables & spices e.g. sweet potato, taro, chilli, eggplant tumeric
Pekarangan - Edible Landscapes
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Organic Pest Control• Natural pest
management
• Creative non-pesticide solutions
Ladybird Preying mantis
Ducks in paddy fields
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Water
• Saving & management of water through drainage systems:
– Collection - take advantage of natural run-off– Purification– Storage– Use as wildlife refuges– Aquaculture
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Knowing the Site Conditions
Like wastewater & sewerage treatment with low-cost constructed & natural wetlands
Allows for early environmental design solutions
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Putrajaya WetlandsThen turning wetlands into wildlife sanctuaries
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Compost Toilets!
Hmmmmm…Dry & wet systems
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Compost Toilets!
Smell is reduced considerably Worms create excellent compost
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Waterless Urinals
• Urine passes through floating, lighter weight liquid which traps & seals it, preventing odour
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Alternative Energy Systems
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Solar or Photovoltaic Systems (PV)
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Photovoltaic Systems
Integration of PV panels into the construction initially reduces costs considerably
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Photovoltics for Drinking Water
• A small electric pump can lift 30 m³ water per day from 5m depth
PV cells powering a small electric pump
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
All sorts of practical applications …
Thin-film solar cell bikini powering an MP3 player
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Hydro-Power
3 Gorges dam
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Environmental Impact
• Hydro power presently produces 90% of all power from renewable energy sources
• The problem is the environmental impact
3 Gorges dam
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Small Hydro-electric Energy
• Small-scale hydroelectric facilities do not require building expensive facilities
Can provide power for 800 people
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Micro Hydroelectric Energy
• Require minor civil engineering works - reducing costs & environmental impact
Micro hydroelectric turbine
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Biogas
• Bio-methanization is the fermentation of organic matter into clean burning methane & carbon dioxide
Indian kitchen using biogas
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Biogas
Uses:– zoo sewerage
sludge
– municipal solid waste
– agricultural or biodegradable waste
This biogas digester will convert animal dung and waste into biogas
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Bio-Fuels
Used Cooking Oil from main kitchen (up to 1,000 meals/day)
Bio-fuel/diesel blending facility
Cleaner fuel for zoo vehicles
Biodiesel made by combining alcohol with vegetable oil or recycled cooking greases
Can be used as a renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Small Wind Systems
• Used by small business & householders
Small wind turbine
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Micro Wind Systems
• Domestic wind turbine normally on a mast
• Can be mounted on a zoo building
Micro wind turbine mounted on house
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Hybrids Applications
• Successful examples of hybrid systems :
– PV/wind
– PV/biogas
PV & wind hybrid
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Clean Development MechanismCDM
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Kyoto Protocol• Agreed in 1997 & a binding
international law in 2005
• Covers 160 countries for global greenhouse gas emissions
• Australia & USA have not ratified
• Requires each industrialized country to set a target to control greenhouse pollution
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Clean Development Mechanism
• The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has established a regulatory framework for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Carbon Trading
• A developed country can buy Certified Emissions Reduction (CER) certificates
• The CER sale will cover the cost of projects such as rural electrification projects in developing countries
Installing photovoltaic panel in Ethiopia
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Carbon Trading
• The developed countries uses the CERs to offset their carbon footprint
• Eventually, planting forests will be acceptable for CERs
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
Carbon Trading Market
“Managing emissions has become one of the fastest-growing specialties in financial
services…
Their goal is a slice of a market
now worth about $30 billion
and that could grow to $1 trillion within a decade”
New York Times - 6th July 2007
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
The Return to Sustainability Future developments should maintain harmony with
nature & their eco-systems
That’s the Moral reason to plan for sustainability
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
A Call For Action!
If our visitors knew all these things …
They might start voicing their concerns to their Governments …
So why don’t you tell them?
BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007
For one lonely voice can do little
But many voices together can move mountains