FREE music lessons from Berklee College of MusicBasic Ear
Training 1
Lesson 1: Conducting as an Ear Training Tool
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Conducting and Singing in 4/4
Click the image to start the video.
Here is the 4/4 conducting pattern.
"S" indicates a strong beat, "W" a weak beat, and "LS" a less
strong beat.
Conductors always conduct the measures/pulse of the music with
the right hand. Lets count two measures of 4/4 while conducting the
above beat pattern with your right hand. There will be a two
measure count-off, then begin conducting. The pattern gives you a
visual picture of the pulse of the music. The first beat is the
strongest, the second weak, the third beat is strong but not as
strong as the first, and the fourth beat is weak. Conducting
measures the beat and the pulse of the music. When youre conducting
a 4/4 pattern, really lean into beats 1 and 3.
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Conducting and Singing in 4/4
Now, lets conduct the 4/4 pattern and sing the following
whole-note rhythmic example. Sing the syllable "doo" and hold each
note for the full four counts. The comma (,) above the staff is a
breath mark. Make sure you take a breath before singing each note.
There will be a 2-measure countoff. Conduct along, and sing the
pitch with the piano. The symbol C ("c" for "common time") is
another way of expressing 4/4 time.
The whole rest looks like this:
Its a heavy rest, and it hangs below the line. When you see this
rest, you rest for a whole measure. Sing the next example
alternating between the whole note and the whole rest while
conducting.
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Conducting and Singing in 4/4
Now lets conduct and sing half notes with a two measure count
off. The half note gets two counts and emphasizes beats 1 and 3
(the strong pulses of each measure). Breathe after each
measure.
This is what the half rest looks like:
Sing and conduct the next example, alternating between the half
note and the half rest.
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Conducting and Singing in 4/4
Finally, lets conduct and sing quarter notes with a 2-measure
countoff. Each quarter note gets one beat. Listen to the different
pulses in 4/4 time. Again, breathe after each measure. Remember to
sing the syllable "doo" for each quarter note.
Heres the quarter rest, where you rest for one beat:
Sing and conduct the next example, alternating between the
quarter note and the quarter rest.
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Next Topic: Conducting and Singing in 2/4
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Conducting and Singing in 2/4
Click the image to start the video.
This is the 2/4 conducting pattern.
"S" indicates a strong beat and "W" a weak beat.
Lets count two measures of 2/4 while conducting the above beat
pattern with your right hand. Listen for the two measure count off
and then conduct the pattern. In 2/4, the first beat is strong, the
second weak. Conducting measures the beat and the pulse of the
music. When youre conducting a 2/4 pattern, really lean into beat 1
and rebound on beat 2.
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Conducting and Singing in 2/4
Now, lets conduct the 2/4 pattern and sing the following half
note rhythmic example. Use the syllable doo, and hold each note for
the full two counts. The half note marks the pulse of each measure.
Listen for the 2-measure countoff.
As you know, the quarter note gets one beat and marks the pulse
of each beat in 2/4 time. Lets conduct in 2/4 and sing the next
example. Remember to rebound off of the strong beat 1 into beat
2.
Sing the next example alternating between the quarter note and
the quarter rest.
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Next Topic: Conducting and Singing in 3/4
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Conducting and Singing in 3/4
Click the image to start the video.
Here is the 3/4 conducting pattern.
"S" indicates a strong beat and "W" a weak beat.
Lets count two measures of 3/4 while conducting the above beat
pattern with your right hand. In 3/4 time, the first beat is the
strongest, and the second and third beats are weak. When you're
conducting a 3/4 pattern, beat 1 is large, and beats 2 and 3 have
much less emphasis.
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Conducting and Singing in 3/4
Now, lets conduct the 3/4 pattern and sing the following
dotted-half-note rhythmic example. The dot adds half of the value
to a note; so a dotted half note gets three beats.
Use the syllable "doo," and hold each note for the full three
counts. The dotted half note marks the pulse of each measure.
Listen for the 2-measure countoff, and then sing with the
piano.
Lets sing and conduct the following examples using the syllable
"doo." Wait for the 2-measure countoff, then sing with the piano.
Remember that the quarter rest gets one beat rest. Sing the half
note for the full two counts and rest on the third beat.
Sing and conduct the quarter note example in 3/4. Wait for the
2-measure countoff.
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Conducting and Singing in 3/4
Sing and conduct the following quarter-rest exercises. Each
exercise has a two-measure countoff. After the countoff, sing along
with the piano.
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Berkleemusic - Inside Track Course Spotlight Pro Tools 101
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Pro Tools 101 is ideal for many levels of Pro Tools users, from
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and over, people who take the course tell me in the beginning that
theyve been using Pro Tools for some time, and have made recordings
but yet they have this nagging feeling that something is missing,
said Pro Tools 101 instructor Andy Edelstein. With the step-by-step
approach presented in the online course, they end up amazed at how
many things the software can do that they never knew about. They
learn shortcuts, and powerful ways to accomplish their recording
and production goals more effectively and more efficiently. Though
its conceivable to learn the software on ones own, Edelstein said,
its not likely that people who pick this up on their own will have
seen all the things that we do. It appears to be straightforward
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Learn how Cut, Copy, and Paste can be used with audio in Pro
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The course will lead you through a series of exercises that
culminate in a
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Berkleemusic - Inside Track Course Spotlight Pro Tools 101
mix. Exercises are assigned on a weekly basis to target specific
skills, which you then apply when you complete the final project: a
piece of your own, that you record, mix, then submit for feedback
from your instructor and classmates. Though the curriculum was
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several ways, based on his experience as a producer/engineer, and
as a professor of Music Production and Engineering at Berklee
College of Music. Chief among these customized additions is the
hands-on project that students submit for feedback. The course also
presents a very complete set of QuickTime movies, demonstrating
actions within the software, to supplement the written material. It
is very similar to what the student might learn in the classroom,
and provides the direction that cannot be experienced from a
workbook, Edelstein said. No matter what level of experience you
may bring to the course, youll find it inspiring to create
professional-quality recordings in a community of classmates who
can share hints and feedback. One of the nice things is that theres
such a wide range of background among students. You can pick up a
lot just by participating in the chat rooms, and all the online
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give you more experience and more of a feeling of how to record,
how to mix. It has a good, accessible, but very wide range of
potential.
Test your knowledge of the Pro Tools Edit window with this
quiz.
Take a look at basic mixing concepts in Pro Tools with this
demonstration.
Andy Edelstein is an active educator, record producer, engineer,
and multimedia developer. He is currently Associate Professor of
Music Production and Engineering at Berklee, and has also served as
Assistant Chair of the Music Production and Engineering Department
during his twenty-five-year tenure at the College. Andy has
produced, recorded, and/or mixed numerous records from jazz and
rock to bluegrass, Celtic, and blues, including the genre-bending
Wayfaring Strangers critically acclaimed Rounder releases, the
SpinART debut by independent rockers Apollo Sunshine, and the
latest Dry Branch Fire Squad live album, all using his Pro Tools HD
system. Andy is Principal of Rapid Eye Media, specializing in
multimedia production services. His design and production work is
featured in a series of awardwinning interactive exhibits at the
American Jazz Museum in Kansas City, MO and the Longyear Museum in
Brookline, MA. Consulting clientele has included the GRAMMY
Foundation in Santa Monica, CA. Andy holds a B.S. in Electrical
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