1 Emerald Room, CSIR International Convention Centre, South Africa Benefits of Open Data and Policy Developments, perspectives from research institutions and universities December 7 th , 2016 Muliaro Wafula and Obwaya Mogire
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Emerald Room, CSIR International Convention Centre, South Africa
Benefits of Open Data and Policy Developments, perspectives from
research institutions and universities
December 7th, 2016
Muliaro Wafula and Obwaya Mogire
Open Data Policy
Key Objectives:
1.Promote Data publication, preservation and reuse.
2.Promote multi-disciplined research capabilities and activities that are ICT enabled
3.Accelerate ICT innovation through equipping innovators with requisite skills and credible and quality data
4.Change culture of keeping data private to public by default
The long end of the tail…..has individual scientists data
• Much of this revolution is taking place at the top end
– at the head and neck
• Although ‘big data’ is all the rage….the vast majority
of data sets created through research fall into the
“Long Tail”
Source – Wagging the Long Tail, Kathleen Shearer et al, 2014
Review • To guarantee availability of open data over long-term and impact oriented, it must be
rooted in a clear policies, Strategies and consistent global data managementapproach.
• Good policies should take into account context, content, and impact of open data .
• Open data impact is not yet fully felt (Granickas 2013).
• While UK ,USA, Canada, France, Denmark, Australia, Spain are advanced indeveloping open data policies (Huijboom and Van den Broek 2011); mid-rankingcountries continue to embraced open data initiative of open data portals andneglecting open data policies, strategies, regulations and legal frameworks.(Kaplan 2015).
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Review …2
• According to WBG 2015, Funding and technical capacity are not the onlychallenges to be overcome but also lack of clear legal and policy guidelines.
• ODB 2015 observes that in Africa, most countries have not demonstratedclear political leadership with defined policies and strategies on open data.
• Mokua, E., & Chiliswa Z. 2013 claims there is a risk of most open datainitiatives presently resting on superficial foundations, and therefore at riskof stalling or falling backwards if top strong political leadership orcommunity pressure subsides on open data ecosystem.
• Open data is still in its very early stages in developing countries (Schwegmann, 2012).
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Best practices for open research data adopted by JKUAT
Open Data Policy Development
• Open Data policy development need to be based on the following three pillars:
1. C-context
2. C-content
3. I-impact
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Policy Context Pillar
Key factors include:
Level of Gov organization
Key motivations, policy objectives
Open data platform launch
Resource allocation & economic context
Legislation
Social, cultural & Political context
Drivers for open data
Forces against Opening data
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Policy Content PillarKey factors include:
Licensing
Access fee
Data restriction
Data presentation
Contact with user
Amount published
Processing before publishing
Cost of opening
Types of Data
Data Formats & stds
Data quality
Provision of metadata9
Policy Impact PillarKey factors include:
Re-use of published data
Possible predicted risks
Benefits aligned with motivation
Public value
Transparency & accountability
Economic growth
Entrepreneurial open data use/ innovation
Efficiency
Environmental sustainability
Inclusion of marginalized
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Key Strategic Pillars of Sustainable Open Data Programs
1. Support open data infrastructure build based on open data policies standards and supportive legal and licensing frameworks
2. Make data publishing and access available and easy
3. Create feedback channels for data users
4. Prioritize dataset that users want
5. Address quality issues of datasets
6. Protect privacy rights
7. Provide clear, consistent, and useful metadata
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JORD Policy
JKUAT in consultation with CODATA, developed and implemented an open research data policy (JORD) Policy (February 2016)
JORD expected benefits include1. ROI
2. Encouragement of diverse studies and opinion
3. Promotion of new areas of work not envisioned by the initial investigators.
4. Strengthen the credibility of scholarly publications
5. Development of new products and services
6. Support JKUAT open data platform (https://opendata.jkuat.ac.ke
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Open Data Barriers (Zuiderwijk et al., 2013)
Conclusion• Open Data as a resource can increase trust in governments, boost
economic growth, create jobs, and improve essential products andservices.
• To harness open data, proper policies and strategies need to be in place.
• Dialogue within the open data ecosystem needs to be promoted so as tocreate open data programs with a balanced supply and demand.
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References
Arzberger, P., Schroeder, P., Beaulieu, A., Bowker, G., Casey, K., Laaksonen, L., Moorman, D., Uhlir, P. and Wouters, P. (2004). Promoting access to public research data for scientific,economic, and social development”, Data Science Journal, Vol. 3.
CODATA, 2013 CODATA Strategic Plan 2013-2018. Available at: http://www http://www.codata.org/uploads/CODATA_Strategic_Plan-2013-2018-FINAL.pdf [Last accessed 8 July 2016]
DCC, 2016 Digital Curation Centre. Available at: http://http://www.dcc.ac.uk/ [Last accessed 8 July 2016]
Davies, T and Bawa, ZA 2012 Editorial: the promises and perils of open government data (OGD). Journal of Community Informatics, Vol. 8 No. 2.
Huijboom, N. and Van Den Broek, T. (2011). Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European Journal of e-Practice, Vol. 12.
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Lee, G and Kwak, YH 2011 An open government implementation model: moving to increased public engagement, IBM Center for The Business of Government, Washington, DC, Availableat: http://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/An%20Open%20Government%20Implementation%20Model.pdf [Last accessed 9 July 2016].
Mokua, E., & Chiliswa, Z. (2013). Strengthening bottom-up social accountability: citizen participation in national & county governance. Nairobi, Kenya.
Mutuku, Leonida N, and Jessica Colaco. (2012). Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consumption : A Design Thinking Approach. ICEGOV. New York: ACM.
Open Government Partnership (2011). United States Country Commitment, available at: www. opengovpartnership.org/countries/united-states
ODI, 2016 Guide – Engaging with reusers. Available at: http://theodi.org/guides/engagingreusers. [Accesed 9 July 2016]
Peled, A. (2011). When Transparency and Collaboration Collide: The USA Open Data Program. Journal Of The American Society For Information Science And Technology [JASIST], 62(11)
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Refs…2Rininta Putri Nugroho Anneke Zuiderwijk Marijn Janssen Martin de Jong (2015). A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned;Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 9 Iss 3 .
Rininta, PNA 2015 A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,Vol. 9 Iss 3 pp. 286 – 308 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2014-0008
Rosie, HSP 2015 Research data management and openness. Program: electronic library and information systems, Vol. 49 Iss 4 pp. 364 – 381 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PROG-01-2015-0005
Schwegmann, C. (2012). Open data in developing countries”, in Platform, E. (Ed.), European Public Sector Information Platform Topic Report, EpsiPlatform,Germany.
Tauberer, J. (2009). Open data is civic capital: best practices for open government data”,
The White House (2009), Memorandum for The Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies:Open Government Directive, Omb, Washington.
Victoria Louise Lemieux Brianna Gormly Lyse Rowledge (2014). Meeting Big Data challenges withvisual analytics: Records Management Journal,Vol. 24 Iss 2 pp. 122 – 141.
Zhang, J., Dawes, S.S. and Sarkis, J. (2005) Exploring stakeholders’ expectations of the benefits and barriers of e-government knowledge sharing.The Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 18 No. 5.
Zuiderwijk, A. and Janssen, M. (2013) Open data policies, their implementation and impact: a framework for comparison.GovernmentInformation Quarterly, Vol. 31 No. 1.
Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., Meijer, R., Choenni, S., Charalabidis, Y. and Jeffrey, K. (2012) Issues and guiding principles for opening governmentaljudicial research data. in Al., H.J.S.E. (Ed.), Egov 2012, LNCS, Kristiansand.
Zuiderwijk, A and Janssen, M 2013 A coordination theory perspective to improve the use of open data in policy-making in Wimmer, M.A., Janssen, M. and Scholl, H.J. (Eds), EGOV, IFIP, Vol. 8074, pp. 38-49.
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Thank You!Asante !