Beneficial waspdf

BeneficialsintheGardenSOLITARYWASPS

ByGeorgeGiltner,Adv.MG

PaperWaspsaresocialwaspsthatdefendthenestagainstvertebrates.

Swarming/SGngingChemicalsarereleasedtodefendtheNest

SolitaryWasps

MasonWasponPlumrosa Characteris4cs Normally-donotsGng Donotliveinsocial

aggregaGons-solitary Beneficialbybeing

pollinators Beneficialbyconsuming

pestinsects Keytoecologicalbalancein

predator/preyrelaGon

4-toothedMasonWasporCarpenterWasporPoOerWasporMonobiaquadridens

Preysmallcaterpillarslikeleafrollers,webworms,etc.fromatleast6familiesofLepidopteraPollenfeederforadultswhilelarvaefeedonparalyzedcaterpillarsAdultfemaleiscapableofabaldhornet-likesGng,butnotaggressiveMaleshavewhitedotonface,butfemaleshaveasolidblackface

MasonWaspnestinunoccupiedmuddaubernests,Carpenterbeeholenests,vegetaGonholes,andwooddrillings

WorkbenchholeusedfornesGng,thenparalyzedcaterpillarsareinsertedalongwithanegg

AmonthlatertheWaspemergesfromthesealednest

Nonurse-feedingrequired

PoOerWasps,EumenesfraternusEileenLinton,MG-GalvestonCounty(aggie-horGculture.tamu.edu)

Numerouscaterpillarsareusedasalarvaefoodsource.Adultsfeedon

flowernectarCaterpillars(1-12)insidepot Femalesusesamemudsource

RedandBlackMasonWaspPachodyneruserynnis

EileenLinton,GalvestonMG

RedorYellowpentagonspotonhead

Typicalpreyincludecutworms,cabbageloopers,armyworms,andcornearworms

RefurbisholdmuddaubernestsParalyzedbeetleorcaterpillarlarvae

BraconidWasps CabbageAphid,Brevicoryne

brassicae,aOackedbyaparasitoidwasp,Aphidiusspp.bybuglogicalcontrol

1700+speciesinN.America Sizelessthatinch ThisfamilyofwaspparasiGzes

cabbageworms,cutworms,cornearworms,gypsymothsandmanyothercaterpillars

DavidCappaert(www.forestryimages.org)

ChalcidWasps Trichogrammaspeciesofwasps

arespecialistparasitesthattargetinsecteggs

Sizerange(0.020.31inch) ParasiGzewiderangeofinsects

andinsecteggs(200) OtherMembersofChalcidoidea

parasiGzecaterpillarstofliestotruebugstowebworms

Amazonsellsthismostpopularbeneficial12,000for$7

IchneumonWasps Hostsarecaterpillars,wood-

boringgrubsofbeetles,andotherinsects.

ManyfemaleshavelongnoGceableovipositors

Sizeverysmallto1.5inches Megarhyssamacrurusis~2

incheslongbutovipositoris4incheslong.Foundondeadoaktreesinfectedwiththesiricidwoodwasplarvae

SphecidWasps

AstataoccidentaliswithcapturedpreysGnkbug

GenuspreysonsGnkbugsandleaffootedbugs,adultsandnymphs

Groundnestersinsandyandhardpackedsoils

Alsoknownasdiggerwasps

HowardEvans(www.insecGmages.org)

CercerisWasps

NaGvewaspthatisusedtomonitorpresenceofmetallicbeetlesinLouisiana(EmeraldAshBorer)

Capturebeetlesfromwaspsaroundopenfields,ballparks,etc.tomonitorEAB.

Cercerisfumipennis

TomMurray(bugguide.net)

Thread-WaistedWasp

Preyonavarietyofbeetlesthatdestroytreesandflowers

TheyareparasiGzedbyvelvetantswhicheatthread-waistedlarvae

www.toledo-bend.us SandWaspsorThread-waistedWasps

WhitneyCranshaw Ammophiliaspp.

HowtoAOrackandKeepSolitaryWaspsinGardensandFarms

DesignforSolitaryWasps Plantnectaryandpollen

sourcesFlowersPower! Toleratealowlevelof

pests Havefullseasonblooms

fromspringtofall IdenGfyfavoriteflowers

forsolitarywasps FarmingwithNaGve

BeneficialInsectsbyXercesSociety

Farmscapingwillnoteliminatepestsfromthefarm,norshouldit.Itkeepspestnumbersatatolerablelevelandpreventsoutbreaks.JessicaWalliser,AOracGngBeneficialBugstoyourGarden,p.174

Thecloserinsectaryplantsaretothecroptheyareintendedtoprotect,thebeOer.RexDufour,NaGonalSustainableAgricultureInformaGonService.

FarmsBeetleBanks

DAVIDREDHAGE,ProgramManagerfortheUSDAsSustainableAgricultureResearchandEducaGonProgram,SouthernRegionattheKerrCenter,Poteau,Ok.

FarmsBordersandRiparianZones

NaGvePerennialsprovidelesslabor

Awidevarietyofflowersprovidediversebeneficialinsects

Undisturbedriparianzonesprovidehabitatandoverwinteringareasforbeneficials

XercesSociety,FarmingwithNaGveBeneficialInsects

Gardens

Designtotargetspecificpests

AlyssumbringsinhoverfliesandparasiGcwasps

ThereforeplantAlyssumnexttoleOucethatissuscepGbletoaphids

DesignanInsectaryBedforBeneficialInsects

ParasiGcwasps

Piratebugs

Trichogrammawasps

Paperwasps

BraconidwaspsHoverflies,Lacewings

Ladybugs,Big-eyedbugs

ParasiGcwasps,Syrphidflies

Parasoidwasps

ParasiGcwasps

Ladybugs

TachinidFlies,TrichogrammaW.

Soldierbeetles,parasiGcwasps

Hoverflies

DesignaVegetableInsectaryGarden

UseNaGveWeedsforPollinatorsandBeneficialswhenPossible

PartridgePeaExtraFloralNectariesonthepeGoles

SunflowersEFNontheedgesofbractsbeneaththeflowerheads

WideRangeInsecGcidescanDestroyaBalancedEcosystem

SolitaryWaspsandOtherBeneficialsmayreduceoreliminatetheneedforInsecGcides

WildflowerEcologyBeneficialInsectsonTickseedSunflowers

Insecteggs

mites

aphids

thrips

borerscaterpillarsleaqoppers

MinutePirateBug

GreenLynxSpiderawaitsopportunitytocapturewebworms

SGckremovalofthewebandBtbacteriaarebeOerthanbroadrangeinsecGcides

Wearedone!

NaturalEnemiesHandbook,theIllustratedGuidetoBiologicalPestControl1998.MaryLouiseFlintandSteveH.Dreistadt

AOracGngBeneficialBugstoYourGarden,anaturalapproachtopestcontrol2014.JessicaWalliser

FarmingwithNaGveBeneficialInsects,EcologicalPestControlSoluGons2014.XercesSocietyGuide

SolitaryWasps,BehaviorandNaturalHistory2001.KevinM.ONeill