Top Banner
Workshop, Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André Tokheim Associate Professor at TUC & Project manager at Tel-Tek
15

Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Mar 27, 2018

Download

Documents

LêHạnh
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Workshop, Standard Norge, 10 September 2015

Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO2 capture in cement plants

Lars-André TokheimAssociate Professor at TUC & Project manager at Tel-Tek

Page 2: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Outline

1. Purpose of the benchmark study2. Approach3. Selected benchmarking results4. Sensitivity analysis

Page 3: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Purpose of the benchmark study• Compare technologies with regard to technical, economical and

environmental impacts – when applied to a cement kiln• Norcem Brevik as a case study• Technology providers (TP’s):

• About «industrial scale»:– Different technologies applied to a medium size cement plant– Not necessarily 85 or 90 % capture, could be for example 30 og

40 % capture – if this makes more sense from an economic, environmental and technical point of view

– Maturity Technology readiness level

MC = Membrane consortium: NTNU, DNV-GL and Yodfat

TP Technology

Aker Amine absorption

RTI Low-temperature capture using a solid sorbent

MC Membrane separation

Alstom High-temperature capture using a solid sorbent («Regenerative Carbonate Cycling» (RCC), i.e. Calcium Looping)

Page 4: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Cementkiln

system

CO2capture

plant

FuelsChemicals

Process waterCooling water

Pressurized airSteam

Uncleaned gasClean gas

Waste

Effluents

Byproducts

CO2Waste heat integration?

El. power

Fuel integration?

Byproduct integration?

EquipmentDynamics

In-streams

Space req.HSE aspects

Clinker

Approach: The system

El. power

Page 5: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Approach: Preconditions• Characteristics of uncleaned gas same as for Kiln #6 at Norcem

Brevik• CO2 stream:

– > 95 % CO2– Compression to 100 bar and ambient temperature– Guidance values for concentrations of other species

• CO2 capture ratio – three cases:1. 85 % without waste heat utilization2. 85 % with Norcem waste heat utilization3. x %, with Norcem waste heat as the only regeneration energy, x

defined by TP• Tel-Tek cost estimation

– Basis: Equipment units from TP’s– Adjust scope / equipment size when necessary– Same cost estimation method applied to all technologies

Basis for comparing technologies

Page 6: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

TP SRD* [GJ/tCO2]Generic MEA 4.2 and 3.7Aker 2.7Alstom (calc.) 2.5RTI 2.4MC 0

Approach: Scope adjustment• Thermal energy

Coal-fired steam generation plant– Capture of additional

CO2– Equipment size

adjustment when required

– Potential change in pollutant concentrations not considered in the scale-up

• Same CO2 compression unit for all technologies

* SRD: Specific Regenerator Duty

Two cases calculated by Tel-Tek to compare

with «standard technology»

Page 7: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Cases

• Comparison:– Horizontal (different TP’s)– Vertical (different cases for a given TP)

Case (Generic MEA) Aker RTI MC Alstom

1: 85 % capture, no waste heat utilization (Yes) Yes Yes Yes NA

2: 85 % capture, utilizing waste heat for regeneration

Yes Yes NA Yes

3: Capture using only waste heat for regeneration, if possible

Yes(48 %)

Yes(30 %) NA

(Additional case reported)

70 % capture

NA: Not applicable according to TP

Page 8: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

12  13  13  16  21 9  10 

24  21 9 

19  23 

31  27  23 24 

23 

17  17 

23 38 

32 

35 

12 

 ‐

  10

  20

  30

  40

  50

  60

  70

Capture cost (Coal price 500 NOK/ton and El price 0.5 NOK/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

Cost comparison: Capture cost

OPEX > CAPEX

Cost annualization: 25 years, 8 % interest rate

Page 9: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

20  20  17  16  21 11  13 

24  21 9 

19 31 

52 43 

31 24 

23 

22  21 

23 38 

32 

35  16 

 ‐

  10

  20

  30

  40

  50

  60

  70

  80Avoided cost (plant level) (Coal price 500 NOK/ton and El price 0.5 NOK/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

Cost comparison: Avoided costTakes into account additional CO2 generated in the energy plant required for regeneration

Page 10: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

23  22  18  18  23 12  14 

26  26 11 

24  28 

60 48 

34  27  26 24  23 

25 48 

40 

44 14 

 ‐  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90

Avoided cost incl. power CO2 footprint (Coal price 500 NOK/ton and El price 0.5 NOK/kWh; El. power emission factor 500 gCO2/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

Cost comparison: Avoided cost, including effect of power CO2 footprint

Takes into account additional CO2 generated in the energy plant required for regeneration + the CO2 footprint of electricity

Page 11: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Sensitivity analysis

Electricity footprint: 500 gCO2/kWh

Parameter Low value High valueEl. power price

NOK/kWh(€/kWh)

0.3(0.0375)

0.8(0.10)

Coal priceNOK/t(€/t)

300(37.5)

1000(125)

Page 12: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

18  18  12  14  11 28 

33  37 27  26 

59 4 

 ‐

  20

  40

  60

  80

  100

Aker case1

Aker case2

RTI case 1 RTI case 2 MC 85R(higherperm.)

Alstomcase 2

Avoided cost incl. power CO2 footprint (Coal price 300 NOK/ton and El price 0.8 NOK/kWh; El. 

power emission factor 500 gCO2/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

18  18  12  14  11 28 

45  37  36  33 59  15 

 ‐

  20

  40

  60

  80

  100

Aker case1

Aker case2

RTI case 1 RTI case 2 MC 85R(higherperm.)

Alstomcase 2

Avoided cost incl. power CO2 footprint (Coal price 1000 NOK/ton and El price 0.8 NOK/kWh; 

El. power emission factor 500 gCO2/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

18  18  12  14  11 28 

35  20  27  24  27 27 

 ‐

  20

  40

  60

  80

  100

Aker case1

Aker case2

RTI case 1 RTI case 2 MC 85R(higherperm.)

Alstomcase 2

Avoided cost incl. power CO2 footprint (Coal price 1000 NOK/ton and El price 0.3 NOK/kWh; 

El. power emission factor 500 gCO2/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

18  18  12  14  11 28 

22  20  18  17  27 16 

 ‐

  20

  40

  60

  80

  100

Aker case1

Aker case2

RTI case 1 RTI case 2 MC 85R(higherperm.)

Alstomcase 2

Avoided cost incl. power CO2 footprint (Coal price 300 NOK/ton and El price 0.3 NOK/kWh; El. 

power emission factor 500 gCO2/kWh)

CAPEX [EUR/tCO2] OPEX [EUR/tCO2]

Sensitivity analysis: Summary

Low coal priceLow coal and el-price

Low el-price High coal and el-price

Page 13: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Cost estimate comments

• The cost estimates are mainly based on equipment lists supplied by the technology providers

• The energy consumption of the less mature technologies (RTI, MC, Alstom) have not been verified in pilot plant tests

• The estimates of the less mature technologies are uncertain and may increase when the technology readiness level (TRL) increases

• A high TRL level reduces the risk of implementing a given technology

21.09.2015

Page 14: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

RTI: 4-5

Aker: 8

MC: 4-5

Pilot at Norcem?

Alstom: 3-4

Page 15: Benchmarking of selected technologies for … Standard Norge, 10 September 2015 Benchmarking of selected technologies for industrial-scale CO 2 capture in cement plants Lars-André

www.CO2-lab.com