November Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, Make, Use, and Supplementary Tables By Ann M. Lawson T is the first of two articles that present the benchmark input-output (-) accounts for the U.S. economy. The sec- ond article will be published in the December SCB. The -accounts show the production of commodities (goods and services) by each industry, the use of commodities by each industry, the commod- ity composition of gross domestic product (), and the industry distribution of value added. These -accounts are used in a variety of analyt- ical and statistical contexts, including in studies of interindustry relationships within the economy and as the framework and benchmarks for other statistical series. This article describes the preparation of the -accounts and discusses some of the im- provements that have been made. In addition, it describes the make and use tables, illustrates how these tables are used, and discusses the con- cepts and methods underlying the -accounts. The -estimates are presented in this arti- cle in summary form; that is, they are aggregated to -industries from -industry detail. The make (production) of commodities by indus- tries is shown in table ; the use (consumption) of commodities by industries, in table .; and the components of value added by industries, in table .. These tables are available at the sum- mary and detailed levels on diskette (see the box “Data Availability” on page ). This article also presents supplementary tables and two appendixes. The supplementary tables link the -accounts to the national income and product accounts (’s). These tables permit . Earlier benchmark -accounts covered , , , , , , , and . The -accounts were presented in the April and May issues of the SCB. . The December Swill present the following summary -tables: Commodity-by-industry direct requirements per dollar of industry output; commodity-by-commodity total requirements, direct and indirect, per dollar of delivery to final use; and industry-by-commodity total requirements, direct and indirect, per dollar of delivery to final use. . The -estimates will be incorporated into the ’s during the next comprehensive revision. more extensive analyses with the -estimates. The first appendix provides a concordance be- tween the industry codes used in the -accounts and the Standard Industrial Classification (). The second appendix provides a list of the value-added and final-use components that are included in the -accounts. The Benchmark -Accounts In response to user needs—as expressed, for ex- ample, by the interagency Working Group on the Quality of Economic Statistics—the Bureau of Economics Analysis () implemented a pro- gram to speed up the availability of benchmark -accounts. This goal was later formalized in ’s Strategic Plan, which was developed with data users and data suppliers in . The Strate- gic Plan included making the benchmark -accounts available to users within years of the date of an economic census or within year after the release of all the data from that census, as part of the goal to develop new and improved meas- ures of output and prices. The benchmark -accounts have met this goal. Source data and procedures The benchmark -accounts are based primar- ily on data collected from the economic censuses conducted every years by the Bureau of the . See “Improving the Quality of Economic Statistics: The Economic Statistics Initiative,” S(March ): –. . See “Mid-Decade Strategic Review of ’s Accounts: Maintaining and Improving Their Performance,” S(February ): –; “Mid- Decade Strategic Review of ’s Economic Accounts: An Update,” S(April ): –; and “’s Mid-Decade Strategic Plan: A Progress Report,” S(June ): –. . The benchmark -accounts were released in the spring of — years after the economic census and years after the publication of the benchmark -accounts. To speed up the availability of the -accounts, devised a set of procedures that captured the most important parts of the economic census data, but that abbreviated the process of assembling the wide variety of other non-census data needed to complete a full benchmark. The use of these abbreviated procedures to prepare the benchmark -accounts enabled to more quickly turn its resources towards preparing a complete set of benchmark accounts for .
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November
Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S.Economy,
Make, Use, and Supplementary Tables
By Ann M. Lawson
. See “Improving the Quality of Economic Statistics: The EconomicStatistics Initiative,” S (March ): –.
. See “Mid-Decade Strategic Review of ’s Accounts: Maintaining andImproving Their Performance,” S (February ): –; “Mid-Decade Strategic Review of ’s Economic Accounts: An Update,” S
T is the first of two articles thatpresent the benchmark input-output
(-) accounts for the U.S. economy. The sec-ond article will be published in the December S C B. The -accounts show the production of commodities(goods and services) by each industry, the useof commodities by each industry, the commod-ity composition of gross domestic product (),and the industry distribution of value added.These - accounts are used in a variety of analyt-ical and statistical contexts, including in studiesof interindustry relationships within the economyand as the framework and benchmarks for otherstatistical series.
This article describes the preparation of the - accounts and discusses some of the im-provements that have been made. In addition,it describes the make and use tables, illustrateshow these tables are used, and discusses the con-cepts and methods underlying the - accounts.The - estimates are presented in this arti-cle in summary form; that is, they are aggregatedto - industries from -industry detail.The make (production) of commodities by indus-tries is shown in table ; the use (consumption)of commodities by industries, in table .; andthe components of value added by industries, intable .. These tables are available at the sum-mary and detailed levels on diskette (see the box“Data Availability” on page ).
This article also presents supplementary tablesand two appendixes. The supplementary tableslink the - accounts to the national income andproduct accounts (’s). These tables permit
. Earlier benchmark - accounts covered , , , , ,, , and . The - accounts were presented in the April andMay issues of the S C B.
. The December S will present the following summary - tables:Commodity-by-industry direct requirements per dollar of industry output;commodity-by-commodity total requirements, direct and indirect, per dollarof delivery to final use; and industry-by-commodity total requirements, directand indirect, per dollar of delivery to final use.
. The - estimates will be incorporated into the ’s during thenext comprehensive revision.
more extensive analyses with the - estimates.The first appendix provides a concordance be-tween the industry codes used in the - accountsand the Standard Industrial Classification(). The second appendix provides a list of thevalue-added and final-use components that areincluded in the - accounts.
The Benchmark - Accounts
In response to user needs—as expressed, for ex-ample, by the interagency Working Group onthe Quality of Economic Statistics—the Bureauof Economics Analysis () implemented a pro-gram to speed up the availability of benchmark- accounts. This goal was later formalized in’s Strategic Plan, which was developed withdata users and data suppliers in . The Strate-gic Plan included making the benchmark -accounts available to users within years of thedate of an economic census or within year afterthe release of all the data from that census, as partof the goal to develop new and improved meas-ures of output and prices. The benchmark- accounts have met this goal.
Source data and procedures
The benchmark - accounts are based primar-ily on data collected from the economic censusesconducted every years by the Bureau of the
(April ): –; and “’s Mid-Decade Strategic Plan: A ProgressReport,” S (June ): –.
. The benchmark - accounts were released in the spring of — years after the economic census and years after the publication ofthe benchmark - accounts. To speed up the availability of the -accounts, devised a set of procedures that captured the most importantparts of the economic census data, but that abbreviated the process ofassembling the wide variety of other non-census data needed to completea full benchmark. The use of these abbreviated procedures to prepare the benchmark - accounts enabled to more quickly turn its resourcestowards preparing a complete set of benchmark accounts for .
November •
dures as in the past. Most of the estimates
Census. The economic censuses provide compre-hensive data—including information on industryand commodity production, materials consumed,and operating expenses—that are not availableon a more frequent basis. The benchmark- accounts used data from economic censusesof the following industries: Mining; manufactur-ing; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation,communications, and utilities; finance, insur-ance, and real estate; and services. In addition,the - accounts used data from the Censusof Agriculture, the Census of ConstructionIndustries, and the Census of Governments.
In preparing the benchmark - accounts, first estimated industry and commodity out-puts for the - make and use tables. Theindustry and commodity outputs are representedby the shaded cells in the - make table, shownin the upper panel of chart , and in the - usetable, shown in the lower panel. Where there aregaps in coverage by the economic censuses, used data from other sources, such as the U.S.Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department ofEnergy, U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S.Department of Treasury, Office of Managementand Budget, other Government agencies, andprivate organizations.
Second, prepared estimates of the com-modity inputs required by an industry to produceits output. In the use table shown in chart ,commodity inputs are represented by the up-per cells in an industry column. Most of thedetailed data available to estimate commodity
.
Data Avai
inputs are obtained from the economic cen-suses, which included selected purchased servicesfor most industries and materials consumed formanufacturing. When only aggregate data wereavailable, combined that information (forexample, purchases of fuel by manufacturingindustries) with information on purchases of in-dividual commodities (for example, purchasesof petroleum products, natural gas, and coalin the category of purchased fuels) to estimatepurchases of specific commodities by an indus-try (for example, purchases of natural gas by amanufacturing industry).
Third, prepared estimates of value addedby all industries. In the - accounts, value addedconsists of three components—compensation ofemployees, indirect business tax and nontaxliability, and “other value added”—which are rep-resented by the lower cells in an industry columnof the use table. To estimate compensation ofemployees and indirect business tax and nontaxliability, used data from the ’s and fromthe Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of the Cen-sus, Office of Management and Budget, and theU.S. Department of Treasury. then derived“other value added” as a residual by subtract-ing total intermediate inputs, compensation ofemployees, and indirect business tax and nontaxliability from total industry output.
Finally, completed the estimates of de-tailed final-use categories. For most final-usecategories, used the same data and proce-
lability
This article presents the summary make and use ta-bles for the benchmark input-output (-) accounts.The summary estimates of the requirements tables willbe presented in the December S CB.
The estimates included in the make and use tablesare available on diskette at the summary level ( -industries) and at the six-digit level ( - indus-tries). The “all” diskette contains the summary maketable, use table (including estimates by commodity oftransportation costs and of wholesale and retail trademargins), direct requirements coefficients table, andindustry-by-commodity and commodity-by-commoditytotal requirements coefficients. The “all” diskette alsocontains an alternative set of summary make and usetables with industries defined on an approximate Standard Industrial Classification () basis. The six-digit “transactions” diskettes contain the make table, usetable (including estimates by commodity of transporta-tion costs and of wholesale and retail trade margins),and direct requirements table. The six-digit “alternative
transactions” diskettes contain the make and the use ta-bles, but the industries are defined on an approximate basis. Each product includes information on the math-ematical derivation of the coefficients tables. The product numbers and the prices for these products arelisted below.
To order using MasterCard or Visa, call the OrderDesk at ––– (outside the United States, call() –). To order by mail, send a check payableto “Bureau of Economic Analysis, -” to OrderDesk, Bureau of Economic Analysis, -, U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, Washington, .
(set of three diskettes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - benchmark six-digit, alternative
transactions (set of two diskettes) . . . . . . . . -
.
• November
November •
of personal consumption expenditures and grossprivate fixed investment were prepared using thecommodity-flow method. For example, usingthe commodity-flow method, office equipmentfor private investment was estimated as a resid-ual after government investment was subtractedfrom the total supply of office equipment. Theestimates of inventories held by industries weremostly based on economic census data; these es-timates were then distributed to commodities onthe basis of information from previous bench-mark accounts. The estimates of exports and
. See the box “Personal Consumption Expenditures and Producers’Durable Equipment” below.
.
Personal Consumption Expenditures
. Supplementary tables D and E show the - commodity composi-tions of the and categories. For the other expenditurecomponents—not shown in tables D and E—private and governmentstructures are presented by type, inventory change is presented by indus-try of the establishment holding the inventories, and net exports of goodsand services and government consumption and investment expendituresare shown by type of product.
imports of commodities were based on data fromthe Bureau of the Census and ’s U.S. balanceof payments accounts. For the estimates of Fed-eral Government and State and local government,total consumption and investment expendituresby type of purchase were obtained from the’s; these estimates were then distributed to- commodities on the basis of informationfrom previous benchmark accounts and the economic censuses.
Improvements and changes
The - accounts incorporated three types
and Producers’ Durable Equipment
of changes: Definitional and classificational, to
The estimates of personal consumption expenditures() and producers’ durable equipment () and theother components of final uses are presented in theinput-output (-) accounts as purchases of commodi-ties. In the presentation of and in the nationalincome and product accounts (’s), these commodi-ties are grouped into categories either by type of productor by type of expenditure.
Two methods are used to
prepare the - benchmark estimates of and :The direct-estimation method and the commodity-flowmethod.
Direct estimation
Selected commodities in the and categoriesare directly estimated from source data. Direct esti-mation is used when by definition the commodity ispurchased only by persons for consumption or by busi-ness for investment; for example, the rental value ofowner-occupied dwellings is attributed exclusively to per-sons. Direct estimation is also used when the underlyingestimation method results in a more accurate and reli-able estimate; for example, estimates of gasoline and oilpurchases by persons are based on unit sales and averageprices for these commodities.
Commodity-flow method
The estimates for many commodities in the and categories are calculated using the commodity-flow method. This method, which consists of sevensteps, converts domestic output (the value of commodi-ties produced by domestic establishments) in producers’prices to domestic supply (the value of production avail-able for sale to domestic purchasers) in purchasers’prices and therefore includes imports and excludesexports. The domestic supply is then allocated to
domestic purchasers—that is, to persons, business, andgovernment.
In step , commodities purchased by persons for con-sumption or by business for investment are identified.The commodities purchased by persons are identified onthe basis of the nature of the product from the titlesof products included in the quinquennial economic cen-suses or in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual,. The commodities purchased by businesses are iden-tified on the basis of two criteria: () The commodityhas a life of more than year and is normally capitalizedin business accounting records, and () the commodityis not an integral part of a structure and therefore is notincluded in the value of that structure (for example, anelevator in an apartment building).
In step , an estimate of total domestic output—thatis, shipments, revenues, or receipts—is prepared for eachcommodity. The value of the domestic output is in pro-ducers’ prices—that is, it includes excise taxes and tipsbut excludes transportation costs and wholesale and re-tail trade margins.
In step , imports are added, and in step , trade mar-gins and transportation costs are added. Step convertssupply into purchasers’ prices, which is the valuationused for the commodity-flow estimates.
In step , exports, which include transportation costsand trade margins, are subtracted because they arerecorded in the ’s as a separate final-demand com-ponent.
In step , changes in inventories are subtracted, be-cause not all goods that are produced or imported ina period are consumed in the same period. In somecommodity-flow estimates, a percentage of domestic sup-ply in purchasers’ prices—the result of steps through—is then allocated to users.
In step , government consumption expenditures andgross investment and purchases by business on currentaccount (intermediate purchases) are subtracted from thedomestic supply in purchasers’ prices to obtain a residualthat reflects purchases either by persons for consumptionor by businesses for investment.
.
• November
more accurately reflect the evolving U.S. econ-omy; methodological, to increase the accuracyand reliability of the estimates; and statistical, tointroduce newly available and revised source data.
Major definitional and classificational changes.—The - accounts incorporated the defi-nitional changes that were introduced as part ofthe comprehensive revision released in Jan-uary . The change that most affected the -accounts was the new treatment of governmentpurchases that distinguishes between governmentinvestment and consumption expenditures andthat is symmetrical with the treatment of pri-vate fixed assets. Also included are the improvedestimates of contributions by the Federal Gov-ernment to the retirement programs of civilian
. See “Improved Estimates of the National Income and Product Ac-counts for –: Results of the Comprehensive Revision,” S (January/February ): –.
. The services of general government fixed assets, measured as depreci-ation, are now included in government consumption expenditures. However,the use of depreciation as a measure of the value of services of governmentfixed assets is only a partial measure of the total value. In theory, the servicevalue of an asset should equal the reduction in the value of the asset due toits use during the current period (depreciation) plus a return equal to thecurrent value the asset could earn if invested elsewhere (net return). Theconsumption of fixed capital by government does not provide an estimateof the full value of the services of government fixed assets, because the netrate of return on these assets is assumed to be zero. See Robert P. Parkerand Jack E. Triplett, “Preview of the Comprehensive Revision of the NationalIncome and Product Accounts: Recognition of Government Investment andIncorporation of a New Methodology for Calculating Depreciation,” S (September ): –.
.
Acknowle
employees and military personnel in employeecompensation.
Additional definitional and classificationalchanges that were incorporated into the -accounts included the following:
• Expansion of industry detail for construc-tion;
• Expansion of detail for service-producingindustries in the detailed - accounts; and
• Improved classification of imported goodsthat were previously identified as noncompa-rable.
Major methodological changes.—The - ac-counts incorporated the results of major method-ological changes that were introduced as part ofthe comprehensive revision. For example,the improved estimates of purchases of new au-tos and of investment in nonresidential structureswere incorporated into the estimates of final uses,and the new estimates of voluntary contributionsto thrift savings plans were incorporated into theestimates of compensation of employees.
For estimates of indirect business tax and othernontax liability, the - accounts incor-porated the improved industry assignment of
dgments
. See “Preview of the Comprehensive Revision of the National Incomeand Product Accounts: New and Redesigned Tables,” S (October): –.
The benchmark input-output accounts were pre-pared by staff in the Industry Economics Division underthe direction of Ann M. Lawson, Chief; Belinda L. Bonds,Chief of the Goods Branch; Karen J. Horowitz, Chief ofthe Services Branch; and Mark A. Planting, Chief of theAuxiliary Studies Branch. Brian D. Kajutti designed thedata-processing system and coordinated the computerprogramming and processing. John S. Turner preparedthe tables, and Mary L. Roy coordinated the division’sefforts in preparing the article.
Staff contributors were William A. Allen, TimothyD. Aylor, Alvin D. Blake, Felicia V. Candela, MichaelC. Craw, Sergio Delgado, Carole Henry, Thuy Hia,David Huether, Myles J. Levin, Sherlene K. S. Lum,Fritz Mayhew, William McCarthy, Donna McComber,Cheryl Miner, Edward T. Morgan, Brian C. Moyer,Karen A. Newman, Diane E. Nisson, Robert S. Robi-nowitz, Darlene C. Robinson, Timothy F. Slaper, JohnSporing, Robert A. Sylvester, Diane Young, and RobertE. Yuskavage.
Members of the staff of the National Income andWealth Division under the direction of Leon W. Taub,Chief, and the staff of the Government Division underthe direction of Karl D. Galbraith, Chief, contributedto the development of the estimates; major contributors
were Brooks B. Robinson, Jeffrey W. Crawford, PamelaA. Kelly, Greg M. Key, Clinton P. McCully, Carol E.Moylan, and David F. Sullivan.
Members of the staff of the International InvestmentDivision under the direction of David R. Belli, Chief, andmembers of the staff of the Balance of Payments Divi-sion under the direction of Christopher L. Bach, Chief,assisted in the preparation of the foreign trade estimates.
Estimates for transportation were prepared with theassistance of Bingsong Fang, Xiaoli Han, and SimonRandrianarivel from the Bureau of Transportation Statis-tics, U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates foragriculture were prepared with the assistance of GeraldSchluter and William E. Edmondson from the EconomicResearch Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A special acknowledgment is made to the staff ofthe Bureau of the Census, particularly to those in theAgriculture and Financial Statistics Division under thedirection of Ewen M. Wilson, Chief; in the Manufac-turing and Construction Division under the directionof David Cartwright, former Chief; and in the Serv-ices Division under the direction of Carol Ambler, Chief.Without their cooperation and assistance, the publicationof the benchmark - accounts on a more timelybasis would have been impossible.
.
November •
to the values in producers’ prices. These estimates are shown in table C for
commodity taxes that was introduced in the com-prehensive revision of gross product originating() released in August . These taxes arenow classified in a more consistent and compre-hensive manner than in the previous benchmarkaccounts.
In addition, the - accounts incorporatedimproved measures of output and inputs for thetransportation industries and improved meas-ures of the freight charges incurred to transportcommodities by different modes. These improve-ments resulted from a review of the methods andsource data used to prepare transportation es-timates for the - accounts by the staff of theDepartment of Transportation. Where feasible, incorporated suggested improvements fromthis review into the - accounts.
Major statistical changes.—The - accountsincorporated newly expanded data from the economic censuses, which covered about newindustries and marked the most significant ex-pansion in scope of the census in the past years. These data were collected primarily inthe two new economic censuses—Financial, In-surance, and Real Estate and Transportation,Communications, and Utilities. The - accountsalso incorporated newly expanded data for theexpenses of auxiliary establishments and for theexpenses of manufacturing, wholesale trade, re-tail trade, and service industries. These data,together with data from new annual surveys fortransportation and for communications, wereused to estimate inputs for these industries.
Introduction to the - Accounts
The - accounts for the U.S. economy show theproduction of commodities by each of indus-tries in the make table and the consumption ofcommodities by these industries in the use table.The use table also shows the commodity compo-sition of gross domestic product () and theindustry distribution of value added.
The - accounts show the relationships be-tween all the industries in the economy andall the commodities that these industries pro-duce and use. The estimates of the commoditiesare shown in producers’ prices. When pro-
. See Robert E. Yuskavage, “Improved Estimates of Gross Product byIndustry, –,” S (August ): .
. The staff of and of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics of theU.S. Department of Transportation are developing a set of transportationsatellite accounts for the United States, which are tentatively scheduled forrelease next year. These accounts will be based on the benchmark -accounts.
. Estimates of purchases of - commodities in purchasers’ prices can bederived by adding transportation costs and wholesale and retail trade margins
ducers’ prices are used, transportation costs andwholesale and retail trade margins are treatedseparately as commodities that are produced andused by industries (see the section “Definitionsand conventions for valuation of transactions”).
The - accounts consist of five basic tables: ()Make, () use, () commodity-by-industry directrequirements, () commodity-by-commodity to-tal requirements, and () industry-by-commoditytotal requirements. Only the make and usetables are presented in this article. The remain-ing three tables and their descriptions will bepublished in the December S.
The make table.—The make table (shown as aschematic in chart and with estimates in table )shows the value in producers’ prices of each com-modity produced by each industry. In each row,one “diagonal” cell shows the value of the pro-duction of the commodity for which the industryhas been designated the “primary” producer; inchart , these cells are shaded in the interior ofthe make table. The entries in the other cellsin the row show the value of the production ofcommodities for which the industry is a “sec-ondary” producer. For example, the industry“newspapers and periodicals” (row in table )is the primary producer of the commodity “news-papers and periodicals” (column in table ).This industry is also a secondary producer of thefollowing commodities: Other printing and pub-lishing (column ); scientific and controllinginstruments (column ); advertising (column); and scrap, used and secondhand goods (col-umn ). The sum of all the entries in the rowis the total output of that industry.
The entries in each column of the make ta-ble represent the production by both primaryand secondary producers of the commodity inthe column. For example, computer and dataprocessing services (column ) includes theoutput by the primary producer—the industry“computer and data processing services” (row)—and by the following secondary producers:Computer and office equipment (row ); le-gal, engineering, accounting, and related services(row ); and other business and professional
all - commodities included in final demand; in table D, for all -commodities included in personal consumption expenditures; and in table E,for all - commodities included in producers’ durable equipment.
. In the designation that is used for - tables, the content of the rowsis referred to first, and that of the columns, second. For example, in a“commodity-by-industry” table, the commodities are in the rows, and theindustries are in the columns.
. Primary and secondary products and the classification of indus-tries are discussed further in the section “Definitions and conventions forclassification.”
• November
Ind
Agriculture, forestry, and fis
Mining ................................
Construction .......................
Manufacturing ....................
Transportation ....................
Communications ................
Utilities ...............................
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance ..............................
Insurance ...........................
Real estate ........................
Services .............................
Government enterprises ....
Noncomparable imports ....
Scrap .................................
General government .........
Household ..........................
Inventory valuation adjustm
services, except medical (row ). The sum ofall the entries in the column is the total outputof that commodity.
An industry’s share of the production of acommodity can be determined from the valuesin the make table by calculating the entry in agiven column as a percentage of the column total.For example, the production of the commodity“scientific and controlling instruments” (column) totaled . billion, of which the industry
Table A.—Principal Data Sources for Industry or Comm
ustry or Commodity
heries ............................................................ Trade sourcesU.S. Department of Agriculture,National Oceanic and Atmosph
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census o
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census oconstruction put-in-place seri
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census o
........................................................................ Association of American RailroaCensus Bureau 1992 Census o
tation and Warehousing SurvU.S. Army Corps of Engineers Department of Transportation A
........................................................................ Trade sources annual reportsCensus Bureau 1992 Census o
........................................................................ Department of Energy Financiaand Financial Statistics of M
Census Bureau 1992 Census oRural Electrification Administrat
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census oand Revised Monthly Retail vey
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census oFederal Deposit Insurance CorpFederal Home Loan Bank BoarNational Credit Union AdministrAnnual Report of the New YorkSecurities and Exchange Comm
........................................................................ Trade sources financial statemeHealth Care Financing AdminisA. M. Best and Company Best’Mortgage Insurance CompaniesU.S. Department of Labor, PenAmerican Council of Life Insure
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census oNational income and product acU.S. Department of Agriculture Expense data for industries from
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census oSurvey, 1993 Annual Retail
U.S. Department of Education DThe Economic Report on Veter
........................................................................ Federal and State and local goOffice of Management and BudNational income and product ac
........................................................................ Estimated as part of the balanc
........................................................................ Census Bureau 1992 Census o
........................................................................ Estimated as part of the nation
........................................................................ Estimated as part of the nation
ent ................................................................. National income and product ac
“scientific and controlling instruments” (row )produced . billion or about percent ofthe total commodity output.
The estimates of industry and commodity to-tal output are based primarily on data fromthe quinquennial economic censuses conductedby the Bureau of the Census. (Table A showsthe principal data sources used to estimate in-dustry and commodity outputs for the -accounts.) Economic census data are used for
odity Outputs, 1992 I-O Accounts
Source
Forest Service and Economic Research Service farm statisticseric Administration Fisheries of the United States
f Mineral Industries
f Construction Industries, 1992 Census of Service Industries, value ofes, and 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate Industries
f Manufactures
ds Freight Commodity Statisticsf Transportation, Communications, and Utilities, Motor Freight Transpor-ey, and Service Annual Survey1992 Waterborne Commerce of the United Statesir Carrier Financial Statistics and National Transportation Statistics
f Transportation, Communications, and Utilities
l Statistics of Major United States Investor-Owned Electric Utilities, 1992,ajor U.S. Publicly Owned Electric Utilities, 1992 and 1993f Transportation, Communications, and Utilitiesion 1992 Statistical Report, Rural Electric Borrowers
f Wholesale Trade, 1992 Census of Retail Trade, 1992 Combined AnnualTrade, 1992 Annual Wholesale Trade, and 1993 Annual Retail Trade Sur-
f Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate Industriesoration Statistics on Bankingd financial reportsation Yearend Statistics for Federally Insured Credit Unions Stock Exchangeission FOCUS Report data and Annual Report
ntstration private health insurance datas 1992 Aggregate and Averages Property/Casualty Insurance of America 1994-1995 Factbooksion Welfare Benefits Administrationrs 1992 Life Insurance Fact Book
f Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate Industriescounts datafarm statistics Census and other sources
f Retail Trade, 1992 Census of Service Industries, 1992 Service AnnualTrade Survey
igest of Educational Statisticsinarians & Veterinary Practices
vernment agency reportsget Federal budget datacounts data
e of payments accounts
f Manufactures
al income and product accounts
al income and product accounts
count estimates and 1992 economic census data
November •
. Estimates of industry value added, referred to as “gross product origi-
most industries, but data from other Govern-ment agencies and private sources are used forthe - industries that are not covered by theeconomic census data, such as education and reli-gious organizations. In addition, data from otherGovernment agencies are used to supplement theeconomic census data for some industries; forexample, data on financial statistics for majorprivate electric utilities from the U.S. Depart-ment of Energy are used to supplement the dataon electric utilities from the Census ofTransportation, Communications, and Utilities.
makes two adjustments to the economiccensus data. First, it adds estimates of theoutput for establishments that are not coveredby the economic censuses. This adjustmentincludes estimates for nonpayroll firms in min-ing, manufacturing, and wholesale trade andfor noncensus-covered industries in agriculture,forestry, and fisheries, in services (such as ed-ucation and religious organizations), and intransportation (such as railroads). Second, adjusts the data for misreported tax return in-formation, because in some cases, the CensusBureau data for receipts reflect tax return recordsrather than information collected from surveys.Therefore, the tax return data must be adjustedto account for nonfilers and for filers who misre-port receipts to the Internal Revenue Service.
The largest adjustments are to the data for theservices industries in which partnerships and soleproprietorships are more prevalent.
After these adjustments are made, rede-fines the -based economic census data usingthe - classification system in order to attaingreater similarity in the input structures for com-modities produced by an - industry. Forexample, restaurants in hotels are redefined tothe “eating and drinking places” industry. (Seethe section “Definitions and conventions forclassification.”)
The use table.—The data in the use table (shownas a schematic in the lower panel of chart )are presented in two parts: Table . shows thevalue in producers’ prices of each commodityused by each industry or by each final user (rep-resented by the upper left and right quadrantsof chart ); table . shows detail on the com-ponents of value added and total intermediateinputs that are used by each industry to produceits output (represented by the lower left quad-
. See Robert P. Parker, “Improved Adjustments for Misreporting ofTax Return Information Used to Estimate the National Income and ProductAccounts, ,” S (June ): –.
rant of chart ). In table ., the entry in eachrow shows the commodity that is used by theindustry or final user in the column. For exam-ple, the commodity “radio and broadcasting”(row ) is used by the industries “communica-tions, except radio and ” (column ), “radioand broadcasting” (column ), and “adver-tising” (column ) and by persons in personalconsumption expenditures (column ).
To facilitate the presentation, the rows andcolumns of table . are reversed from thoseshown in chart as follows: The industries areshown in the rows, and the total intermediateinputs, the components of value added, and thetotal output for each industry are shown in thecolumns. For example, for the industry “radioand broadcasting” (row ), compensation ofemployees was . billion, indirect business taxand nontax liability was . billion, and “othervalue added” was . billion. Total interme-diate inputs was . billion, which is the sumof the intermediate inputs for industry shown intable .. The total output for this industry was. billion.
The column total for industries in table .equals the industry output in table .. For ex-ample, the industry output for the radio and broadcasting industry (column ) in table .equals the total industry output for that industry(row ) in table ., or . billion.
In table ., the sum of the intermediate usesof the commodity by industries (upper left quad-rant of chart ) and all sales to final users (upperright quadrant of chart ) equals total commod-ity output. The sum of the intermediate inputsconsumed by each industry—that is, the raw ma-terials, semifinished products, and services thatthe industry purchased—and the value added bythe industry equals total industry output. In the- accounts, can be measured either as thesum of all final uses of commodities or as thesum of value added by industries.
The use table shows the variation in the shareof commodity output that is sold to final users.In table ., some commodities, such as apparel(row ), were sold almost entirely to final users;therefore, the demand for these commodities isaffected primarily by changes in the buying pat-terns of the final users. Other commodities,such as industrial and other chemicals (row ),were used almost entirely as intermediate inputs;
nating,” are provided in Sherlene K.S. Lum and Robert E. Yuskavage, “GrossProduct by Industry, –” in this issue. A comparison of the es-timates with those from the - accounts is presented in “Note onAlternative Measures of Gross Product by Industry.”
. For more detailed information, see U.S. Department of Commerce,Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures, Method-ology Paper Series - (Washington, : U.S. Government Printing Office,June ): –.
for these commodities, production is indirectlyconnected to final uses.
The use table also shows the variation in theusage of commodities by industries. For exam-ple, in table ., the commodity “paper and alliedproducts, except containers” (row ), with a to-tal commodity output of . billion, was usedby most industries. The largest user was “otherprinting and publishing” (column ), whichused . billion, or percent of the total com-modity output. In contrast, metal containers(row ), with . billion of commodity out-put, were used by only industries. The largestuser was the industry “food and kindred prod-ucts” (column ), which used . billion, or percent of the total commodity output.
Finally, the use table shows the variation in theuse of total value-added inputs by industries toproduce their outputs. For example, in table .,the industry “real estate and royalties” (row )required . billion of value-added inputs, or percent of its total output; of this total, .billion was for compensation of employees, .billion was for indirect business tax and nontaxliability, and . billion was for “other valueadded.” In contrast, the industry “livestock andlivestock products” (row ) required . billionof total value-added inputs, or percent of itstotal output; of this total, . billion was forcompensation of employees, . billion was forindirect business tax and nontax liability, and .billion was for “other value added.”
The estimates of intermediate inputs in the usetable are primarily based on data from the eco-nomic censuses. Much of these data are for broad
pal Data Sources and Methods for Estimating Intermediate
Component
........................................................................ For most census-covered induspair of buildings; repair of eqbookkeeping; advertising; antion, for manufacturing and msuses.
For agriculture industries, inputFor most remaining industries,
extrapolated by change in inAll inputs adjusted to balance t
s .................................................................... For census-covered industries, justed for misreporting and I
For noncensus-covered industrisurance, BEA estimates of b
All estimates adjusted to balancproduct accounts.
ontax liability ................................................. For excise taxes and commoditliability, based on various ex
All estimates adjusted to balancthe national income and prod
......................................................................... For most industries, residual memployees, and indirect busi
expense categories, such as office supplies, thatmust be allocated to - commodities, such aspostal services, paper, and envelopes. In casesin which estimates of expenses are not available, uses commodity shipments and other re-lated information. For example, the estimatesof the purchases of spark plugs are allocatedusing the stock of cars, trucks, and buses byindustry. (Table B shows the principal sourcesand methods used to estimate intermediate andvalue-added inputs for - industries.)
The estimates of final uses of commodities areprepared from source data on purchases or byusing the commodity-flow method. For exam-ple, the estimates of exports and imports arebased on source data from the Census Bureauand ’s U.S. balance of payments accounts.In the commodity-flow method, which is usedmainly for personal consumption expendituresand producers’ durable equipment, domestic out-put is adjusted for exports and imports; trademargins and transportation costs are added to es-timate supply in purchasers’ value. Then, eithera percentage of this supply is attributed to finalusers, or the supply is adjusted for intermediatepurchases and the residual is attributed to finalusers.
Two of the components of value added by in-dustry are estimated directly using a variety ofdata sources (table B). Most of the estimatesof compensation of employees by industry arebased on census data. The estimates of indirect
Inputs and Value-Added Inputs, 1992 I-O Accounts
Source or method
tries, selected purchased services (legal; communications; electricity; re-uipment; rental of buildings; rental of equipment; accounting, auditing, andd data processing and computer services) and purchased fuels; in addi-ining, materials consumed and contract work, from 1992 economic cen-
s from U.S. Department of Agriculture.a combination of selected inputs from trade sources and 1987 estimatesdustry output.o commodity outputs.
payroll and benefits from Census Bureau 1992 economic censuses, ad--O industry definitions.es, tabulations of wages and salaries covered by State unemployment in-enefits, adjusted for misreporting and I-O industry definition.e to total compensation, estimated as part of the national income and
y taxes, estimates are from output controls. For all other tax and nontaxtrapolators.e to total indirect business tax and nontax liability, estimated as part ofuct accounts.
ethod: Total industry output less total intermediate inputs, compensation ofness tax and nontax liability.
November •
. Estimates of regional economic effects derived from ’s RegionalInput-Output Modeling System are based mainly on two data sources: TheU.S. benchmark - accounts and ’s county estimates of wage and salarydisbursements at the four-digit level. These estimates are available fromthe ’s Regional Economic Analysis Division. For more information, seeU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Mul-
business tax and nontax liability by industry areprepared in two parts: For excise and general saletaxes, the values are estimated as part of each in-dustry’s output; for other indirect business taxes,such as property taxes, estimates are distributedon the basis of a variety of source data, includ-ing State government tax collections and highwaystatistics. The remaining component is shown as“other value added,” which is derived as a resid-ual by subtracting the total intermediate inputs,compensation of employees, and indirect busi-ness tax and nontax liability from total industryoutput.
The uses of the - accounts
The - accounts have a variety of uses that rangefrom an analytical tool to study industry pro-duction to a framework for benchmarking othereconomic statistics programs. This section de-scribes the uses of the - accounts in studyinginterindustry relationships in the U.S. economyand in preparing economic statistics. It also de-scribes some of the assumptions that analystsmust make when they use - accounts as aneconomic tool for analysis.
Analytical uses.—The - accounts are an im-portant analytical tool because they show theinterdependence among the producers and con-sumers in the economy. Using the - accounts,analysts can estimate the direct and indirect ef-fects of changes in final uses on industries andcommodities.
For example, the - accounts can show how anincrease in consumer demand for motor vehicleswill affect the rest of the economy. It will likelycause an increase in the production of motorvehicles that could result in increased steel pro-duction and that, in turn, could require increasesin the production of chemicals, iron ore, lime-stone, and coal. It could also require an increasein the production of upholstery fabrics that couldrequire more natural fibers, more synthetic fibers,and more plastics and that, in turn, could requireincreases in the production of “electric services(utilities)” and “plastics materials and resins.” Inthe - accounts, these effects are quantified inthe total requirements tables.
Similarly, the requirements tables can be usedto estimate the effects of a strike or natural dis-aster on the economy or, supplemented with
. In an open economy, the production effects are likely to be reflectedas an increase in both domestic production and imports. To separate theeffects on domestic production from those on imports, analysts generally usea special set of - tables that includes an import matrix that identifies theintermediate purchases by producers that are obtained from foreign sources.
additional information, to estimate the effects ofan increase in demand for U.S. exports on em-ployment. The Federal Emergency ManagementAgency, the Department of Defense, and the Cen-sus Bureau, among others, have used the -accounts for such studies.
When the - accounts are augmented withregional data by , they can show economiceffects by region. For example, the regional -accounts can be used to estimate the potentialimpact of a planned Federal Government shut-down of a military base. When the - accountsare augmented with international data, they canbe used to estimate the effects of exchange-rate changes on the profitability and activities ofmanufacturing industries that rely on importedinputs.
Analysts using the - tables to estimate the ef-fects of changes in final uses on industries andcommodities need to be aware of the under-lying - assumptions. For example, the -tables are based on a set of relationships that ex-ist between producers and consumers in a givenyear; these relationships reflect constant tech-nology and relative prices. The interindustryrelationships reflect the average input structure ineach industry for that year, but these relationshipsdo not necessarily reflect those of an additionalunit of production. Therefore, for analyses thatrequire alternative assumptions, other economictools may be required.
Statistical uses.—The - accounts are used inseveral ways to prepare economic statistics. Forexample, the final-use components of personalconsumption expenditures and of gross privatedomestic investment—adjusted to reflect the def-initional, classificational, and statistical changesmade after the completion of the benchmark- accounts—provide the benchmarks for the’s.
The benchmark - accounts are also used asa framework to weight and to calculate indexnumbers for price, volume, and value. For exam-ple, the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses data fromthe - accounts as weights in compiling industryprice indexes.
tipliers: A User Handbook for the Regional Input-Output Modeling System( ), Third Edition (Washington, : U.S. Government Printing Office,).
. Jose Campa and Linda S. Goldberg, “The Evolving External Orienta-tion of Manufacturing: A Profile of Four Countries,” Economic Policy Review (): –.
• November
Definitions and conventions for classification
The - accounts use two classification systems—one for industries and another for commodities—and both systems generally use the same -numbers and titles. This section first discussesthe - industry classification system and then the- commodity classification system.
The - industry classification system.—This sys-tem is based on the Standard Industrial Classi-fication () system, which classifies establish-ments into industries on the basis of the primaryactivities of the establishments. Establishmentsare defined as economic units that are typicallyat a single location where business is conductedor where services or industrial operations areperformed.
The - industry classification system differsfrom the system in three major ways. First,the - industry system redefines some secondaryproduction of some industries to other in-dustries. Second, the - industry classificationsystem includes “special industries” that are notconsidered to be industries in the system.Third, because of data limitations, the - indus-try system includes three industries—agriculture,construction, and real estate—that are definedon an activity basis rather than an establishmentbasis.
Redefinitions result in the shift of output andinputs related to the secondary activities of someestablishments to the industries in whichthey are primary activities. (A primary activitymust make up the largest proportion of the es-tablishment’s output; all the other activities aresecondary.) The - industry classification sys-tem only redefines the secondary activities of an industry for which the related inputs arevery different from those required for the in-dustry’s primary activity. For example, boththe output and related inputs of restaurants inhotels are moved from the industry “ho-tels and lodging places” (in which “hotels andlodging” is the primary activity) to the industry“eating and drinking places” (in which “eatingand drinking” is the primary activity), becausethe input structure of “meals and beverages” isvery different from that of the industry’s pri-mary activity. After the redefinition is completed,the total outputs for both - industries—thatis, “eating and drinking places” and “hotels and
. Appendix A provides a list of - industries and the relationships ofthese industries to the codes. For more information on the , seeOffice of Management and Budget, Statistical Policy Division, Standard Indus-trial Classification Manual (Washington, : U.S. Government PrintingOffice, ): –.
lodging places”—are different from their in-dustry counterparts. However, total outputs forthe - commodities remain unchanged from theircounterparts in the system. The purpose ofredefinitions in the - analytical framework isto attain a greater degree of homogeneity in theinputs required by an - industry to produce itscommodities.
The following activities are redefined:
• Construction work (both new and mainte-nance and repair) performed by all establish-ments (including government) is redefinedto the construction industries. Constructionwork performed by and for establishmentsclassified in nonconstruction industries isreferred to as “force-account construction.”
• Manufacturing in trade and service estab-lishments is redefined to the appropriatemanufacturing industries.
• Retail trade in service establishments is rede-fined to the retail trade industry. Services intrade establishments are redefined to serviceindustries. Some services are also redefinedwithin the service industries.
• Manufacturers’ sales of purchased goods (re-sales) are redefined to the wholesale tradeindustry.
• Rental activities of all establishments areredefined to the real estate and rentalindustries.
• The preparation of meals and beverages inmost establishments is redefined to the eatingand drinking industry.
The redefinitions affected most industries, butthe total output that was redefined for most in-dustries was small for the - accounts.Redefinitions had a significant effect on thefollowing industries: Automotive repair and serv-ices (- industry ) has . billion in totalindustry output after . billion was removedand . billion was added from wholesale andretail trade; eating and drinking places (- in-dustry ) has . billion in total output after. billion was removed and . billion wasadded; wholesale trade (- industry ) has. billion in total output after . billionwas removed and . billion was added; andretail trade (- ) has . billion in totaloutput after . billion was removed and .billion was added.
Special industries are included in the - sys-tem, but they are not considered industries inthe system. In the , government establish-ments engaged in business-like activities (defined
November •
in divisions –), such as the U.S. Postal Serviceand the local water authorities, are classified inthe same industry as private establishments.In the - system, these establishments are clas-sified in Federal Government enterprises (- )and State and local government enterprises (-).
Another special industry created for the - ac-counts, general government (- ), covers allother government establishments and is similarin scope to industry division , Public Ad-ministration. The output and value added of thisindustry are defined as compensation of employ-ees and consumption of fixed capital of generalgovernment agencies.
The - system also includes a special industryfor the inventory valuation adjustment (- ),which is an adjustment needed to eliminate in-ventory profits or losses from the change in theinventory component of output.
Activity-based industries are necessary for agri-culture, construction, and real estate. Agricultureindustries are classified by commodity, such asdairy farm products, because source data on theproduction of agriculture commodities by estab-lishment, such as data on the production of milkproducts by dairy farms, are not available.
Construction is classified by type of activ-ity, such as the construction of new highwaysand streets, rather than by the type of con-struction contractor, such as heavy constructioncontractors who pave asphalt roads, partly be-cause source data are not available, but moreimportantly, because construction is an atypicalactivity in that it is performed in almost all indus-tries; most establishments perform maintenanceand repairs, and some perform their own newconstruction. Therefore, this type of activity isreferred to as force-account construction.
To adequately represent construction activi-ties in the U.S. economy, the output associatedwith all construction activities performed by thenonconstruction industries is redefined to theconstruction industry. Similarly, the intermediateand value-added inputs for this work are movedto the construction industries.
The real estate industry includes all real es-tate rental receipts and all imputed rents forowner-occupied housing and for buildings andequipment owned and used by nonprofit in-stitutions primarily serving households. Rental
. Establishments defined as government enterprises follow the same clas-sification used in the ’s. For more information, see U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Government Transactions, Method-ology Paper Series - (Washington, : U.S. Government Printing Office,November ): .
receipts are included in this industry because ofa lack of data for individual industries. Imputedrents are included in the - accounts to makethem consistent with the ’s.
The - commodity classification system.—In thissystem, each commodity is assigned the code ofthe industry in which the commodity is the pri-mary product. This code is then used to groupthe production of the commodity in the indus-try in which it is the primary product with itsproduction in other industries in which it is asecondary product. In a few cases, the - systemreclassifies -defined commodity groups, and asecondary product is created from an -definedprimary product. The output of the -definedproduct is moved to the --defined primaryproduct group; therefore, the output representsthe total output of the product, regardless of theclassification of the establishments that produceit.
For example, in the system, the primaryproduct of the newspaper industry is definedas newspaper sales and newspaper advertising.In the - system, the primary product of thenewspaper industry is newspaper sales. Theadvertising component is considered to be a sec-ondary activity; therefore, advertising receipts oroutput are moved to the advertising commoditygroup. The total output for the - newspaperindustry remains unchanged.
Reclassifications affected a small percentage ofcommodities, and for most of these commodi-ties, the values were not very large. However,some commodities had significant reclassifiedsales. For example, the commodity “newspapersand periodicals” (- ) has . billion intotal commodity output after . billion wasmoved to the advertising commodity (- ).
In several cases, there is no - commod-ity classification that corresponds to an industryclassification. If a commodity is the primaryproduct of more than one industry, thenthe commodity is reclassified and given the -commodity number that corresponds to the -industry that is the largest producer of the com-modity. As a result, the following detailed -commodities have no commodity output: For-est products (commodity .); knit outerwearmills (commodity .); knit underwear andnightwear mills (commodity .); knittingmills, n.e.c. (commodity .); fertilizers,mixing only (commodity .); cold-rolled
Text continues on page .
• November
Table C.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of Final Uses,[Millions
Com-moditynumber
Commodity description
Personal consumption expenditures Gross private fixed investment Change in business inventories Exports of goods and services
Table D.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Personal Consumption Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’ Prices, 1992I-O Accounts[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
3 Food purchased for off-premise consumption(n.d.):Total .................................................................... 259,465 9,661 144,583 413,7091 Livestock and livestock products ................... 1,866 21 615 2,5022 Other agricultural products ............................. 14,987 2,972 10,929 28,8883 Forestry and fishery products ........................ 867 17 389 1,2739+10 Nonmetallic minerals mining .................... 6 8 4 1814 Food and kindred products .......................... 241,859 6,605 132,382 380,84627A Industrial and other chemicals ................... 599 38 264 90169B Retail trade ................................................. 2 ............ .............. 281 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... –721 ............ .............. –721
4 Purchased meals and beverages (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 245,963 ............ .............. 245,96365A Railroads and related services; passenger
ground transportation ..................................... 60 ............ .............. 6065D Air transportation ........................................ 24 ............ .............. 2474 Eating and drinking places ........................... 242,151 ............ .............. 242,15176 Amusements ................................................. 3,633 ............ .............. 3,63377B Educational and social services, and
16 Standard clothing issued to military personnel(n.d.):Total .................................................................... 218 ............ 26 24418 Apparel .......................................................... 170 ............ 23 19319 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .... 8 ............ .............. 833+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products 40 ............ 3 43
17 Cleaning, storage, and repair of clothing andshoes (s.):Total .................................................................... 11,365 ............ .............. 11,36572A Hotels and lodging places ......................... 222 ............ .............. 222
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
72B Personal and repair services (except auto) 11,143 ............ .............. 11,143
18 Jewelry and watches (d.):Total .................................................................... 13,153 58 18,434 31,64562 Scientific and controlling instruments ........... 1,611 17 2,094 3,72264 Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 12,312 41 15,704 28,05781 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... –770 ............ 636 –134
19 Other misc. personal, clothing and jewelryservices (s.):Total .................................................................... 16,042 ............ .............. 16,04272B Personal and repair services (except auto) 16,022 ............ .............. 16,02273C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 20 ............ .............. 20
21 Toilet articles and preparations (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 21,996 613 15,294 37,90319 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .... 89 ............ 56 14529B Cleaning and toilet preparations ................ 19,370 410 13,313 33,09332 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 45 2 43 9042 Other fabricated metal products ................... 843 32 577 1,45254 Household appliances .................................. 648 33 316 99758 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
Table D.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Personal Consumption Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’ Prices, 1992I-O Accounts—Continued
[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
32 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 222 9 258 48933+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products 125 6 119 25035 Glass and glass products ............................. 414 20 423 85736 Stone and clay products .............................. 1,143 27 1,043 2,21340 Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural
metal products ............................................... 24 ............ 22 4642 Other fabricated metal products ................... 1,548 40 1,733 3,32144+45 Farm, construction, and mining
machinery ....................................................... 400 7 510 91747 Metalworking machinery and equipment ..... 687 4 960 1,65148 Special industry machinery and equipment 237 2 227 46650 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical 110 2 90 20251 Computer and office equipment ................... 268 4 226 49853 Electrical industrial equipment and
apparatus ....................................................... 102 1 90 19355 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ......... 932 76 1,136 2,14456 Audio, video, and communication
38 Gas (s.):Total .................................................................... 29,537 ............ .............. 29,53768B Gas production and distribution (utilities) 29,537 ............ .............. 29,537
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
39 Water and other sanitary services (s.):Total .................................................................... 30,293 ............ .............. 30,29368C Water and sanitary services ...................... 20,426 ............ .............. 20,42679 State and local government enterprises ...... 9,867 ............ .............. 9,867
40 Fuel oil and coal (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 6,235 435 5,495 12,1657 Coal mining ..................................................... 68 28 69 16520+21 Lumber and wood products ................... 105 2 96 20327A Industrial and other chemicals ................... 345 39 276 66031 Petroleum refining and related products ...... 5,679 366 5,054 11,09968C Water and sanitary services ...................... 38 ............ .............. 38
41 Telephone and telegraph (s.):Total .................................................................... 70,669 ............ .............. 70,66966 Communications, except radio and TV ........ 70,129 ............ .............. 70,12972A Hotels and lodging places ......................... 540 ............ .............. 540
42 Domestic service (s.):Total .................................................................... 11,356 ............ .............. 11,35673C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 1,269 ............ .............. 1,26984 Household industry ....................................... 10,087 ............ .............. 10,087
43 Other household operation (s.):Total .................................................................... 27,116 ............ .............. 27,11665B Motor freight transportation and
warehousing ................................................... 6,065 ............ .............. 6,06565C Water transportation ................................... 162 ............ .............. 16265D Air transportation ........................................ 33 ............ .............. 3370B Insurance .................................................... –244 ............ .............. –24472B Personal and repair services (except auto) 5,477 ............ .............. 5,47773C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 8,922 ............ .............. 8,92278 Federal Government enterprises .................. 6,690 ............ .............. 6,69081 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 11 ............ .............. 11
45 Drug preparations and sundries (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 48,402 310 27,182 75,89419 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .... 23 ............ 12 3524 Paper and allied products, except
containers ....................................................... 1,894 22 920 2,83627A Industrial and other chemicals ................... 53 9 42 10429A Drugs .......................................................... 43,864 242 25,022 69,12831 Petroleum refining and related products ...... 38 2 20 6032 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 517 27 372 91654 Household appliances .................................. 18 1 8 2755 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ......... 7 ............ 5 1262 Scientific and controlling instruments ........... 1,988 7 781 2,776
46 Ophthalmic products and orthopedicappliances (d.):Total .................................................................... 4,633 24 8,344 13,00158 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies .......................................................... 167 5 241 41362 Scientific and controlling instruments ........... 1,313 5 1,682 3,00063 Ophthalmic and photographic equipment .... 3,140 14 6,421 9,57581 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 13 ............ .............. 13
49 Other professional medical services (s.):Total .................................................................... 85,216 ............ .............. 85,21665A Railroads and related services; passenger
ground transportation ..................................... 2,507 ............ .............. 2,50773C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 1,042 ............ .............. 1,04277A Health services ........................................... 81,667 ............ .............. 81,667
54 Government hospitals (s.):Total .................................................................... 55,154 ............ .............. 55,15477A Health services ........................................... 55,154 ............ .............. 55,154
• November
Table D.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Personal Consumption Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’ Prices, 1992I-O Accounts—Continued
[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
55 Nursing homes (s.):Total .................................................................... 50,166 ............ .............. 50,16677A Health services ........................................... 50,166 ............ .............. 50,166
related services .............................................. 44,864 ............ .............. 44,864
66 Funeral and burial expenses (s.):Total .................................................................... 9,994 24 944 10,96236 Stone and clay products .............................. 306 22 915 1,24342 Other fabricated metal products ................... 15 2 29 4665D Air transportation ........................................ 120 ............ .............. 12071B Real estate and royalties ........................... 2,625 ............ .............. 2,62572B Personal and repair services (except auto) 6,928 ............ .............. 6,928
67 Other personal business (s.):Total .................................................................... 18,891 ............ .............. 18,89166 Communications, except radio and TV ........ 385 ............ .............. 38570A Finance ....................................................... 875 ............ .............. 87570B Insurance .................................................... 91 ............ .............. 9172B Personal and repair services (except auto) 1,971 ............ .............. 1,97173B Legal, engineering, accounting, and
related services .............................................. 917 ............ .............. 91773C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 2,747 ............ .............. 2,74773D Advertising .................................................. 676 ............ .............. 67677B Educational and social services, and
70 New autos (d.):Total .................................................................... 64,878 1,748 11,390 78,01659A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and
71 Net purchases of used autos (d.):Total .................................................................... 17,223 ............ 13,954 31,17781 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 17,223 ............ 13,954 31,177
72 Other motor vehicles (d.):Total .................................................................... 47,383 1,112 12,028 60,52359A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and
trucks) ............................................................. 40,674 1,096 6,904 48,67461 Other transportation equipment .................... 4,747 16 1,333 6,09681 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 1,962 ............ 3,791 5,753
73 Tires, tubes, accessories, and other parts (d.):Total .................................................................... 13,063 2,756 14,704 30,52319 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .... 6 ............ 5 1132 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 5,580 2,443 6,866 14,88935 Glass and glass products ............................. 14 ............ 11 2542 Other fabricated metal products ................... 96 ............ 77 17350 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical 26 5 19 5052 Service industry machinery .......................... 168 3 154 32555 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ......... 92 ............ 74 16656 Audio, video, and communication
equipment ....................................................... 920 9 812 1,74157 Electronic components and accessories ...... 5 ............ 3 858 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
75 Gasoline and oil (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 47,638 2,737 54,505 104,88031 Petroleum refining and related products ...... 47,638 2,737 54,505 104,880
76 Bridge, tunnel, ferry, and road tolls (s.):Total .................................................................... 2,839 ............ .............. 2,83979 State and local government enterprises ...... 2,839 ............ .............. 2,839
79 Mass transit systems (s.):Total .................................................................... 6,463 ............ .............. 6,46365A Railroads and related services; passenger
83 Bus (s.):Total .................................................................... 1,595 ............ .............. 1,59565A Railroads and related services; passenger
85 Other intercity transportation (s.):Total .................................................................... 3,592 ............ .............. 3,59265A Railroads and related services; passenger
ground transportation ..................................... 408 ............ .............. 40865B Motor freight transportation and
warehousing ................................................... 173 ............ .............. 17365C Water transportation ................................... 197 ............ .............. 19765E Pipelines, freight forwarders, and related
Table D.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Personal Consumption Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’ Prices, 1992I-O Accounts—Continued
[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-porta-tion
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Purchas-ers’
prices
63 Ophthalmic and photographic equipment .... 1,923 14 1,606 3,54364 Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 13,472 252 14,465 28,18972B Personal and repair services (except auto) 15 ............ 8 2381 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... ................ ............ 3 3
90 Wheel goods, sports and photographicequipment, boats, and pleasure aircraft (d.):Total .................................................................... 17,347 217 12,528 30,09213 Ordnance and accessories ........................... 874 ............ 652 1,52619 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .... 625 7 471 1,10332 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 128 49 149 32633+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products 306 13 253 57242 Other fabricated metal products ................... 356 10 263 62943 Engines and turbines .................................... 169 3 45 21758 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies .......................................................... 31 ............ 7 3860 Aircraft and parts .......................................... 465 1 57 52361 Other transportation equipment .................... 7,132 67 2,873 10,07262 Scientific and controlling instruments ........... 159 1 60 22063 Ophthalmic and photographic equipment .... 1,177 9 992 2,17864 Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 4,992 57 5,760 10,80973C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 666 ............ 414 1,08081 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 267 ............ 532 799
91 Video and audio products, computingequipment, and musical instruments (d.):Total .................................................................... 33,796 387 22,857 57,04033+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products 30 ............ 21 5151 Computer and office equipment ................... 5,100 60 3,612 8,77256 Audio, video, and communication
equipment ....................................................... 19,643 282 12,908 32,83357 Electronic components and accessories ...... 211 ............ 111 32258 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies .......................................................... 1,044 22 620 1,68664 Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 867 20 807 1,69471B Real estate and royalties ........................... 3,200 ............ 1,994 5,19473A Computer and data processing services ... 2,137 2 825 2,96476 Amusements ................................................. 1,368 1 1,552 2,92181 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 196 ............ 407 603
92 Radio and television repair (s.):Total .................................................................... 3,438 ............ .............. 3,43872B Personal and repair services (except auto) 3,064 ............ .............. 3,06473C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 374 ............ .............. 374
93 Flowers, seeds, and potted plants (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 4,541 537 6,883 11,9612 Other agricultural products ............................. 4,248 537 6,883 11,66873C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 293 ............ .............. 293
95 Motion picture theaters (s.):Total .................................................................... 4,939 ............ .............. 4,93965D Air transportation ........................................ 3 ............ .............. 376 Amusements ................................................. 4,808 ............ .............. 4,80877B Educational and social services, and
65A Railroads and related services; passengerground transportation ..................................... 2,181 ............ .............. 2,181
65C Water transportation ................................... 1,373 ............ .............. 1,37365D Air transportation ........................................ 91 ............ .............. 9170B Insurance .................................................... 2 ............ .............. 273C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 64 ............ .............. 6476 Amusements ................................................. 26,023 ............ .............. 26,02377B Educational and social services, and
101 Other recreational expenditures (s.):Total .................................................................... 74,579 69 1,454 76,1021 Livestock and livestock products ................... 1,410 68 538 2,0163 Forestry and fishery products ........................ 1,412 1 49 1,4624 Agricultural, forestry, and fishery services ..... 729 ............ .............. 72966 Communications, except radio and TV ........ 19,883 ............ .............. 19,88367 Radio and TV broadcasting ......................... 1,839 ............ .............. 1,83972A Hotels and lodging places ......................... 3,496 ............ .............. 3,49672B Personal and repair services (except auto) 5,318 ............ .............. 5,31873A Computer and data processing services ... 307 ............ .............. 30773C Other business and professional services,
except medical ............................................... 5,520 ............ 400 5,92076 Amusements ................................................. 18,734 ............ .............. 18,73477A Health services ........................................... 5,108 ............ .............. 5,10877B Educational and social services, and
membership organizations ............................. 982 ............ .............. 98279 State and local government enterprises ...... 9,783 ............ .............. 9,78381 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ........... 58 ............ 467 525
103 Higher education (s.):Total .................................................................... 52,428 ............ .............. 52,42877B Educational and social services, and
104 Nursery, elementary, and secondary schools(s.):Total .................................................................... 23,311 ............ .............. 23,31177B Educational and social services, and
105 Other private education and research (s.):Total .................................................................... 20,738 ............ .............. 20,73876 Amusements ................................................. 712 ............ .............. 71277B Educational and social services, and
106 Religious and welfare activities (s.):Total .................................................................... 112,314 ............ .............. 112,31477B Educational and social services, and
108 Foreign travel by U.S. residents (s.):Total .................................................................... 45,943 ............ .............. 45,94365C Water transportation ................................... 3,243 ............ .............. 3,24365D Air transportation ........................................ 12,377 ............ .............. 12,37780 Noncomparable imports ................................ 30,323 ............ .............. 30,323
109 Expenditures abroad by U.S. residents (n.d.):Total .................................................................... 2,570 ............ .............. 2,57080 Noncomparable imports ................................ 2,570 ............ .............. 2,570
110 Expenditures in the United States bynonresidents (s.):Total .................................................................... –64,871 ............ .............. –64,87183 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses –64,871 ............ .............. –64,871
111 Personal remittances in kind to nonresidents(n.d.):Total .................................................................... –1,610 ............ .............. –1,61083 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses –1,610 ............ .............. –1,610
Total personal consumption expenditures ....... 3,551,945 27,193 629,580 4,208,718
Total durable commodities (d.) .......................... 282,064 8,239 180,476 470,779
Total nondurable commodities (n.d.) ................. 855,509 18,861 446,541 1,320,911
Total services (s.) ................................................. 2,414,372 93 2,563 2,417,028
1. The NIPA category refers to the line number associated with the PCE category in NIPA table 2.4.
• November
Table E.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Producers’ Durable Equipment Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’Prices, 1992 I-O Accounts
[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-portation
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Pur-chasers’prices
5 Computers and peripheral equipment:Total ...................................................................... 36,139 390 7,051 43,58051 Computer and office equipment ..................... 32,698 390 7,051 40,13973A Computer and data processing services ..... 3,441 .............. .............. 3,441
services ............................................................ 451 .............. .............. 45181 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 53 .............. 433 486
7 Communication equipment:Total ...................................................................... 43,664 253 3,889 47,80613 Ordnance and accessories ............................. 29 .............. .............. 2938 Primary nonferrous metals manufacturing ..... 52 1 8 6151 Computer and office equipment ..................... 154 1 20 17556 Audio, video, and communication equipment 24,445 175 3,098 27,71858 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies ............................................................ 1,304 15 280 1,59962 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 9,693 61 483 10,23766 Communications, except radio and TV ......... 5,065 .............. .............. 5,06573B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 2,905 .............. .............. 2,90581 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 17 .............. .............. 17
8 Instruments:Total ...................................................................... 22,759 113 3,691 26,56362 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 21,462 113 3,691 25,26673B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 1,269 .............. .............. 1,26981 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 28 .............. .............. 28
9 Photocopy and related equipment:Total ...................................................................... 9,277 58 3,236 12,57162 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 1,406 5 123 1,53463 Ophthalmic and photographic equipment ...... 6,915 53 3,113 10,08173B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 904 .............. .............. 90481 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 52 .............. .............. 52
11 Fabricated metal products:Total ...................................................................... 8,629 155 815 9,5995+6 Metallic ores mining ...................................... 50 20 1 7127A Industrial and other chemicals ..................... 1,957 .............. .............. 1,95737 Primary iron and steel manufacturing ............ 16 .............. .............. 1639 Metal containers ............................................. 38 1 3 4240 Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural
metal products ................................................. 3,612 26 387 4,02542 Other fabricated metal products ..................... 2,388 108 424 2,92046 Materials handling machinery and equipment 5 .............. .............. 573B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
13 Metalworking machinery:Total ...................................................................... 17,733 302 2,466 20,50147 Metalworking machinery and equipment ....... 16,651 302 2,466 19,41973B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 1,135 .............. .............. 1,13581 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –53 .............. .............. –53
14 Special industry machinery, n.e.c.:Total ...................................................................... 19,487 351 2,992 22,83032 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 130 6 32 16842 Other fabricated metal products ..................... 27 .............. 10 3748 Special industry machinery and equipment ... 16,820 332 2,433 19,58549 General industrial machinery and equipment 1,029 11 124 1,16452 Service industry machinery ............................ 1 .............. .............. 158 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies ............................................................ 95 2 20 11773B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 1,379 .............. .............. 1,37981 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 6 .............. 373 379
15 General industrial, including materials handling,equipment:Total ...................................................................... 17,244 332 3,356 20,93244+45 Farm, construction, and mining
machinery ......................................................... 35 2 7 4446 Materials handling machinery and equipment 5,738 184 1,298 7,22049 General industrial machinery and equipment 10,250 145 1,094 11,489
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-portation
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Pur-chasers’prices
50 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical ... 120 1 56 17773B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 1,127 .............. .............. 1,12781 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –26 .............. 901 875
16 Electrical transmission, distribution, andindustrial apparatus:Total ...................................................................... 13,084 250 1,516 14,85047 Metalworking machinery and equipment ....... 1,001 36 163 1,20053 Electrical industrial equipment and apparatus 6,826 187 1,078 8,09162 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 4,256 27 275 4,55873B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
18 Trucks, buses, and truck trailers:Total ...................................................................... 31,253 823 4,079 36,15559A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and trucks) 27,995 758 3,236 31,98959B Truck and bus bodies, trailers, and motor
vehicles parts ................................................... 4,981 65 361 5,40781 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –1,723 .............. 482 –1,241
19 Autos:Total ...................................................................... 24,685 1,270 6,074 32,02959A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and trucks) 47,137 1,270 5,680 54,08781 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –22,452 .............. 394 –22,058
20 Aircraft:Total ...................................................................... 13,536 43 142 13,72122+23 Furniture and fixtures ............................... 214 3 10 22760 Aircraft and parts ............................................ 13,676 33 90 13,79962 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 695 7 42 74481 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –1,049 .............. .............. –1,049
21 Ships and boats:Total ...................................................................... 1,116 2 59 1,17761 Other transportation equipment ...................... 1,085 2 42 1,12981 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 31 .............. 17 48
22 Railroad equipment:Total ...................................................................... 2,858 43 109 3,01061 Other transportation equipment ...................... 2,648 43 20 2,71173B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 206 .............. .............. 20681 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 4 .............. 89 93
24 Furniture and fixtures:Total ...................................................................... 17,016 179 4,081 21,27622+23 Furniture and fixtures ............................... 15,686 179 3,862 19,72773B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 1,402 .............. .............. 1,40281 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –72 .............. 219 147
machinery ......................................................... 4,430 211 1,445 6,08673B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 412 .............. .............. 41281 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 8 .............. 626 634
27 Construction machinery, except tractors:Total ...................................................................... 6,385 415 1,642 8,44244+45 Farm, construction, and mining
machinery ......................................................... 5,996 415 1,227 7,63873B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 478 .............. .............. 47881 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –89 .............. 415 326
28 Mining and oilfield machinery:Total ...................................................................... 909 38 350 1,2978 Crude petroleum and natural gas .................... 23 .............. .............. 2344+45 Farm, construction, and mining
machinery ......................................................... 792 38 178 1,00849 General industrial machinery and equipment 21 .............. 3 2473B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 72 .............. .............. 7281 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 1 .............. 169 170
29 Service industry machinery:Total ...................................................................... 8,116 113 1,879 10,10850 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical ... 41 1 1 43
November •
Table E.—Input-Output Commodity Composition of NIPA Producers’ Durable Equipment Expenditure Categories, in Producers’ and Purchasers’Prices, 1992 I-O Accounts—Continued
[Millions of dollars]
NIPAcat-ego-ry 1
NIPA description and I-O descriptionsProduc-
ers’prices
Trans-portation
costs
Whole-sale and
retailtrade
margins
Pur-chasers’prices
52 Service industry machinery ............................ 7,375 112 1,878 9,36573B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 673 .............. .............. 67381 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. 27 .............. .............. 27
30 Electrical equipment, n.e.c.:Total ...................................................................... 8,102 90 1,225 9,41754 Household appliances .................................... 374 13 25 41255 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ........... 283 7 66 35658 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and
supplies ............................................................ 659 25 97 78162 Scientific and controlling instruments ............. 6,125 45 1,037 7,20773B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related
services ............................................................ 682 .............. .............. 68281 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............. –21 .............. .............. –21
31 Other nonresidential equipment:Total ...................................................................... 10,660 763 4,122 15,54517 Miscellaneous textile goods and floor
coverings .......................................................... 1,151 53 438 1,64220+21 Lumber and wood products ..................... 1 .............. .............. 132 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 70 3 12 8544+45 Farm, construction, and mining
coverings .......................................................... 1,192 54 457 1,70322+23 Furniture and fixtures ............................... 191 .............. 58 24932 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 15 1 8 2454 Household appliances .................................... 2,294 108 1,450 3,85256 Audio, video, and communication equipment 68 1 24 93
Total producers durable equipment .................... 331,344 6,652 60,999 398,995
Total nonresidential equipment ............................ 327,584 6,488 59,002 393,074
Total residential equipment .................................. 3,760 164 1,997 5,921
1. The NIPA category refers to the corresponding line number associated with the PDE category in NIPA table5.8.
Text continues from page .
steel sheet, strip, and bars (commodity .);steel pipe and tubes (commodity .); sec-ondary nonferrous metals (commodity .);copper foundries (commodity .); non-ferrous castings, n.e.c. (commodity .);Federal electric utilities (.); State and lo-cal government passenger transit (commodity.); and State and local government electricutilities (commodity .).
Definitions and conventions for valuation oftransactions
This section describes the underlying definitionsand conventions for valuation that are used inpreparing the estimates of transactions in com-modities. It also describes the valuation used inwholesale trade, retail trade, imports of goodsand services, exports of goods and services, andthe change in business inventories.
Transactions in commodities are valued at pro-ducers’ prices in the - accounts. These pricesexclude distribution costs (wholesale and retailtrade margins and transportation costs), but theyinclude excise taxes collected and remitted byproducers. Transportation costs and trade mar-gins are shown as separate purchases by the usersof the commodities. The sum of the producers’value, transportation costs, and trade marginsequals the purchasers’ value. Thus, the flows ofcommodities for resale to and from wholesale
trade and retail trade are not shown. If tradewere shown as buying and reselling commodities,industrial and final users would make most oftheir purchases from a single source—trade.
To show the relationship between the pro-duction of commodities and their purchase byintermediate and final users, commodities areshown as if they move directly to users. Whole-sale and retail trade margins on commodities areshown as purchases by users and are includedin the trade rows of use table . (rows and). Transportation costs are the freight chargespaid to move the commodity from the producerto the intermediate user or the final user. Alltransportation costs are shown as a purchase byusers, and are included in the transportation rowsof the use table (rows – and ).
Wholesale trade has one primary product—distributive services for the sales of goods toretailers, intermediate users, and final users.Distributive services provided by wholesalers in-clude merchandise handling, stocking, selling,and billing. Wholesale trade output consists oftrade margins and nonmargin output; both ex-clude the cost of resales. They are included in thewholesale trade row of use table . (row ).
The trade margin output occurs when an estab-lishment buys and resells the good. It is measuredin two parts. For merchant wholesalers andagents and brokers (on their own account), thetrade margin is measured as wholesale sales lessthe cost of goods sold plus taxes collected by thedistributor. For manufacturers’ sales branches, it
• November
Table F.—Relationship of Exports and Imports in the Input-Output Accounts to the National Income and Product Ac-counts, 1992
1. Consist of statistical revisions in the BPA’s that have not yet been incorporated in theNIPA’s.
NIPA National income and product accountsI-O Input-output accounts
is measured as expenses plus taxes collected bythe sales branches.
Nonmargin output occurs when the wholesaletrade service is purchased separately from thecommodity, such as when a wholesaler acts asa broker between buyer and seller. It is meas-ured as the sum of the expenses on goods soldby manufacturers’ sales offices, commissions ongoods sold by agents and brokers, and customsduties. Customs duties are considered to betaxes collected by wholesalers and are included inoutput.
Retail trade has one primary product—distributive services for the sale of goods. Itsoutput consists of the retail trade margins, whichare measured as retail sales less the cost of goodssold plus the taxes collected by retail trade estab-lishments. All retail trade margins are includedin the retail trade row of use table . (row ).
Retail trade margins apply primarily to pur-chases by persons. However, some retail trademargin is applied to purchases by business andgovernment; for example, retail trade margins areapplied to some purchases of personal comput-ers by business for gross private fixed investment;retail trade margins also are applied to some in-termediate purchases by business, for example,office supplies and gasoline.
Imports of goods and services, a component offinal uses, are measured by commodity at do-mestic port values. The domestic port valueof an import commodity is considered to beequivalent to the producers’ price of a domes-tically produced commodity. Adjustments toconvert the commodity imports of goods to for-eign port value are included in the imports oftransportation and wholesale trade. For example,the imports of apparel (row , column ) intable . is −. billion, the value of imports atthe port of entry to the United States. This valueconsists of a foreign port value of −. bil-lion, vessel charges of−. billion, air charges of−. billion, and customs duty of −. billion.The vessel and air charges are subtracted fromthe transportation rows (rows and , col-umn ) to be netted against balance of paymentsestimates of the total imports of transportationservices. The duty is subtracted from the whole-sale trade row (row , column ). The netresult of including domestic port value in thecommodity row and subtracting the transporta-tion charges and duty in the transportation andwholesale rows is the foreign port value for theimport.
Imports of services are valued at producers’prices. There are no margins or transport costsassociated with services.
Imports also include a special category referredto as “noncomparable imports.” Noncompara-ble imports consist of goods purchased by U.S.residents abroad and of service imports with nodomestic counterparts, such as port expendituresby U.S. airlines in other countries. These im-ports are distributed directly to industries andfinal users and are shown as noncomparable im-ports in use table . (row ). All other importsare assumed either to be consumed within theU.S. boundaries or to have domestic equivalents.
In past benchmarks, noncomparable importsalso included domestically consumed importedgoods, such as bananas and coffee, that hadno significant domestic counterparts. However,most imported goods now have domestic coun-terparts, so the benchmark - accounts donot include domestically consumed imports ofgoods in this category.
Exports of goods and services, a componentof final uses, are measured by commodity atproducers’ prices—the same as other domesti-cally produced commodities. Transportation andtrade commodities, which are required to moveexports from the producer to the port of exit,are included in the transportation and trade rowsof use table .. For example, exports of com-puter and office equipment are . billion (row, column ), which represents the value ofthe computer and office equipment in producers’prices. The transportation costs, . billion, andthe trade margins, . billion (row and un-der the column exports of goods and services intable C), required to move the exports of com-puters and office equipment from producer to the
November •
. tables . and . are published annually in the S, mostrecently in the August issue.
. Returned U.S. merchandise consists of domestically produced goodsthat were exported for processing, or assembly, or both and then returned tothe United States. Reexports consists of the commodities that were previouslyimported into the United States and then exported from the United Statesin substantially the same condition as when they were imported. A timingadjustment is made for reexports that entered the country in an earlier year.The - accounts measure this value as general imports less imports for con-sumption, and the value is shown as a transaction between noncomparable
port of exit are included in the rows for trans-portation (rows – and ) and for trade(rows and ) in table ..
Change in business inventories, another compo-nent of final uses, is measured by commodity atthe book-value change reported by industries inthe economic censuses. The inventory valuationadjustment, which is needed to remove inventoryprofits or losses from total gross domestic prod-uct in the - accounts, is shown as a single entryin table . (row , column ). In the -accounts, the inventory valuation adjustment is−. billion.
Supplementary tables
Four supplementary tables are presented in thisarticle—tables C, D, E, and F. Tables C, D, andE are bridges between the - accounts and the’s. They present the - commodity com-position of final demand in producers’ andpurchasers’ prices. Specifically, table C presentsthe composition of all final-demand com-ponents; table D, the composition of personal
consumption expenditures categories shown in
table .; and table E, the compositionof producers’ durable equipment categoriesshown in table ..
Table F presents a reconciliation of the - es-timates of exports and imports with those in the’s. Both exports and imports are adjustedso that total is unchanged. The adjust-ments are necessary because the ’s—unlikethe - accounts—include the U.S. merchan-dise that is returned to the United States fromother countries in imports and because the exports include the foreign merchandise thatis reexported from the United States to othercountries.
Appendixes A and B and tables , ., and .follow.
imports and inventory change.
• November
Appendix A.—Classification of Industries in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts
[The titles in boldface represent the industries used for the summary version of the tables. An asterisk preceding a StandardIndustrial Classification () code indicates that the industry is included in more than one - industry. For a description of
the systems used in the - accounts, see the section “Definitions and conventions for classification.”]
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES1 Livestock and livestock products:
8 Crude petroleum and natural gas:8.0001 Crude petroleum and natural gas ................................. 131–2, *138
9+10 Nonmetallic minerals mining:9.0001 Dimension, crushed and broken stone ......................... 141–29.0002 Sand and gravel ............................................................ 1449.0003 Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals ......................... 1459.0004 Nonmetallic mineral services and miscellaneous
minerals.*148, 149
10.0000 Chemical and fertilizer minerals .................................... 147
CONSTRUCTION11 New construction:
11.0101 New residential 1-unit structures, nonfarm ................. *15, *17, *655211.0102 New residential 2–4 unit structures, nonfarm ............ *15, *1711.0105 New residential additions and alterations, nonfarm ... *15, *1711.0108 New residential garden and high-rise apartments ..... *15, *17, *655211.0400 Highways and streets .................................................. *16–1711.0501 New farm housing units and additions and
alterations.*15, *17
11.0601 Petroleum and natural gas well drilling ...................... *13811.0602 Petroleum, natural gas, and solid mineral exploration *138, *108, *124,
*148
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
11.0603 Access structures for solid mineral development ...... *108, *124, *14811.0800 Office, industrial, and commercial buildings ............... *15, *1711.0900 Other new construction ............................................... *15–17
12 Maintenance and repair construction:12.0101 Maintenance and repair of farm and nonfarm
residential structures.*15, *17
12.0214 Maintenance and repair of highways and streets ...... *16–1712.0215 Maintenance and repair of petroleum and natural
gas wells.*138
12.0300 Other maintenance and repair .................................... *15–17
MANUFACTURING13 Ordnance and accessories:
13.0100 Guided missiles and space vehicles .......................... 376113.0200 Ammunition, except for small arms, n.e.c. ................. 348313.0300 Tanks and tank components ...................................... 379513.0500 Small arms ................................................................... 348413.0600 Small arms ammunition ............................................... 348213.0700 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. .............................. 3489
14 Food and kindred products:14.0101 Meat packing plants .................................................... 201114.0102 Sausages and other prepared meat products ........... 201314.0105 Poultry slaughtering and processing ........................... 201514.0200 Creamery butter ........................................................... 202114.0300 Natural, processed, and imitation cheese .................. 202214.0400 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products ....... 202314.0500 Ice cream and frozen desserts ................................... 202414.0600 Fluid milk ..................................................................... 202614.0700 Canned and cured fish and seafoods ........................ 209114.0800 Canned specialties ...................................................... 203214.0900 Canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and
jellies.2033
14.1000 Dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and soups .................. 203414.1100 Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings ........................ 203514.1200 Prepared fresh or frozen fish and seafoods .............. 209214.1301 Frozen fruits, fruit juices, and vegetables .................. 203714.1302 Frozen specialties, n.e.c. ............................................ 203814.1401 Flour and other grain mill products ............................ 204114.1402 Cereal breakfast foods ................................................ 204314.1403 Prepared flour mixes and doughs .............................. 204514.1501 Dog and cat food ........................................................ 204714.1502 Prepared feeds, n.e.c. ................................................. 204814.1600 Rice milling .................................................................. 204414.1700 Wet corn milling ........................................................... 204614.1801 Bread, cake, and related products ............................. 205114.1802 Cookies and crackers .................................................. 205214.1803 Frozen bakery products, except bread ....................... 205314.1900 Sugar ........................................................................... 2061–314.2002 Chocolate and cocoa products ................................... 206614.2004 Salted and roasted nuts and seeds ........................... 206814.2005 Candy and other confectionery products, including
chewing gum.2064, 2067
14.2101 Malt beverages ............................................................ 208214.2102 Malt .............................................................................. 208314.2103 Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits .............................. 208414.2104 Distilled and blended liquors ....................................... 208514.2200 Bottled and canned soft drinks ................................... 208614.2300 Flavoring extracts and flavoring syrups, n.e.c. .......... 208714.2400 Cottonseed oil mills ..................................................... 207414.2500 Soybean oil mills ......................................................... 207514.2600 Vegetable oil mills, n.e.c. ............................................ 207614.2700 Animal and marine fats and oils ................................. 207714.2800 Roasted coffee ............................................................ 209514.2900 Edible fats and oils, n.e.c. .......................................... 207914.3000 Manufactured ice ......................................................... 209714.3100 Macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli, and noodles ............. 209814.3201 Potato chips and similar snacks ................................. 209614.3202 Food preparations, n.e.c. ............................................ 2099
15 Tobacco products:15.0101 Cigarettes ..................................................................... 21115.0102 Cigars ........................................................................... 21215.0103 Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff .................. 21315.0200 Tobacco stemming and redrying ................................ 214
16 Broad and narrow fabrics, yarn and thread mills:16.0100 Broadwoven fabric mills and fabric finishing plants ... 221–3, 2261–216.0200 Narrow fabric mills ....................................................... 22416.0300 Yarn mills and finishing of textiles, n.e.c. .................. 2269, 2281–216.0400 Thread mills ................................................................. 2284
November •
Appendix A.—Classification of Industries in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts—Continued
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
17 Miscellaneous textile goods and floor coverings:17.0100 Carpets and rugs ......................................................... 22717.0600 Coated fabrics, not rubberized .................................... 229517.0700 Tire cord and fabrics ................................................... 229617.0900 Cordage and twine ...................................................... 229817.1001 Nonwoven fabrics ........................................................ 229717.1100 Textile goods, n.e.c. .................................................... 2299
19 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products:19.0100 Curtains and draperies ................................................ 239119.0200 Housefurnishings, n.e.c. .............................................. 239219.0301 Textile bags ................................................................. 239319.0302 Canvas and related products ...................................... 239419.0303 Pleating and stitching .................................................. 239519.0304 Automotive and apparel trimmings ............................. 239619.0305 Schiffli machine embroideries ..................................... 239719.0306 Fabricated textile products, n.e.c. ............................... 2399
20+21 Lumber and wood products:20.0100 Logging ........................................................................ 24120.0200 Sawmills and planing mills, general ........................... 242120.0300 Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ..................... 242620.0400 Special product sawmills, n.e.c. .................................. 242920.0501 Millwork ........................................................................ 243120.0502 Wood kitchen cabinets ................................................ 243420.0600 Veneer and plywood ................................................... 2435–620.0701 Structural wood members, n.e.c. ................................ 243920.0702 Prefabricated wood buildings and components ......... 245220.0703 Mobile homes .............................................................. 245120.0800 Wood preserving ......................................................... 249120.0901 Wood pallets and skids ............................................... 244820.0903 Wood products, n.e.c. ................................................. 249920.0904 Reconstituted wood products ...................................... 249321.0000 Wood containers, n.e.c. .............................................. 2441, 2449
22+23 Furniture and fixtures:22.0101 Wood household furniture, except upholstered .......... 251122.0102 Household furniture, n.e.c. .......................................... 251922.0103 Wood television and radio cabinets ........................... 251722.0200 Upholstered household furniture ................................. 251222.0300 Metal household furniture ............................................ 251422.0400 Mattresses and bedsprings ......................................... 251523.0100 Wood office furniture ................................................... 252123.0200 Office furniture, except wood ...................................... 252223.0300 Public building and related furniture ........................... 25323.0400 Wood partitions and fixtures ....................................... 254123.0500 Partitions and fixtures, except wood .......................... 254223.0600 Drapery hardware and window blinds and shades .... 259123.0700 Furniture and fixtures, n.e.c. ....................................... 2599
24 Paper and allied products, except containers:24.0100 Pulp mills ..................................................................... 26124.0400 Envelopes .................................................................... 267724.0500 Sanitary paper products .............................................. 267624.0701 Paper coating and glazing .......................................... 2671–224.0702 Bags, except textile ..................................................... 2673–424.0703 Die-cut paper and paperboard and cardboard ........... 267524.0705 Stationery, tablets, and related products .................... 267824.0706 Converted paper products, n.e.c. ............................... 267924.0800 Paper and paperboard mills ........................................ 262–3
25 Paperboard containers and boxes:25.0000 Paperboard containers and boxes .............................. 265
26A Newspapers and periodicals:26.0100 Newspapers ................................................................. 27126.0200 Periodicals ................................................................... 272
26B Other printing and publishing:26.0301 Book publishing ........................................................... 273126.0302 Book printing ................................................................ 273226.0400 Miscellaneous publishing ............................................. 27426.0501 Commercial printing ..................................................... 27526.0601 Manifold business forms ............................................. 27626.0602 Blankbooks, looseleaf binders and devices ............... 278226.0700 Greeting cards ............................................................. 27726.0802 Bookbinding and related work .................................... 278926.0803 Typesetting .................................................................. 279126.0806 Platemaking and related services ............................... 2796
27A Industrial and other chemicals:27.0100 Industrial inorganic and organic chemicals ................ 281, 2865, 286927.0401 Gum and wood chemicals .......................................... 286127.0402 Adhesives and sealants .............................................. 289127.0403 Explosives .................................................................... 289227.0404 Printing ink ................................................................... 289327.0405 Carbon black ............................................................... 2895
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
27.0406 Chemicals and chemical preparations, n.e.c. ............ 2899
27B Agricultural fertilizers and chemicals:27.0201 Nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers ........................ 2873–427.0202 Fertilizers, mixing only ................................................. 287527.0300 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, n.e.c. ............. 2879
29B Cleaning and toilet preparations:29.0201 Soap and other detergents ......................................... 284129.0202 Polishes and sanitation goods .................................... 284229.0203 Surface active agents .................................................. 284329.0300 Toilet preparations ....................................................... 2844
30 Paints and allied products:30.0000 Paints and allied products ........................................... 285
31 Petroleum refining and related products:31.0101 Petroleum refining ....................................................... 29131.0102 Lubricating oils and greases ....................................... 299231.0103 Products of petroleum and coal, n.e.c. ...................... 299931.0200 Asphalt paving mixtures and blocks ........................... 295131.0300 Asphalt felts and coatings ........................................... 2952
32 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products:32.0100 Tires and inner tubes .................................................. 30132.0200 Rubber and plastics footwear ..................................... 30232.0300 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. .............................. 30632.0400 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. ...................... 30832.0500 Rubber and plastics hose and belting ........................ 305232.0600 Gaskets, packing, and sealing devices ...................... 3053
33+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products:33.0001 Leather tanning and finishing ..................................... 31134.0100 Boot and shoe cut stock and findings ........................ 31334.0201 Shoes, except rubber .................................................. 3143–4, 314934.0202 House slippers ............................................................. 314234.0301 Leather gloves and mittens ......................................... 31534.0302 Luggage ....................................................................... 31634.0303 Women’s handbags and purses ................................. 317134.0304 Personal leather goods, n.e.c. .................................... 317234.0305 Leather goods, n.e.c. .................................................. 319
35 Glass and glass products:35.0100 Glass and glass products, except containers ............ 321, 3229, 32335.0200 Glass containers .......................................................... 3221
36 Stone and clay products:36.0100 Cement, hydraulic ........................................................ 32436.0200 Brick and structural clay tile ....................................... 325136.0300 Ceramic wall and floor tile .......................................... 325336.0400 Clay refractories .......................................................... 325536.0500 Structural clay products, n.e.c. ................................... 325936.0600 Vitreous china plumbing fixtures ................................. 326136.0701 Vitreous china table and kitchenware ........................ 326236.0702 Fine earthenware table and kitchenware ................... 326336.0800 Porcelain electrical supplies ........................................ 326436.0900 Pottery products, n.e.c. ............................................... 326936.1000 Concrete block and brick ............................................ 327136.1100 Concrete products, except block and brick ................ 327236.1200 Ready-mixed concrete ................................................. 327336.1300 Lime ............................................................................. 327436.1400 Gypsum products ........................................................ 327536.1500 Cut stone and stone products .................................... 32836.1600 Abrasive products ........................................................ 329136.1700 Asbestos products ....................................................... 329236.1900 Minerals, ground or treated ......................................... 329536.2000 Mineral wool ................................................................ 329636.2100 Nonclay refractories ..................................................... 329736.2200 Nonmetallic mineral products, n.e.c. ........................... 3299
37 Primary iron and steel manufacturing:37.0101 Blast furnaces and steel mills ..................................... 331237.0102 Electrometallurgical products, except steel ................ 331337.0103 Steel wiredrawing and steel nails and spikes ............ 331537.0104 Cold-rolled steel sheet, strip, and bars ...................... 331637.0105 Steel pipe and tubes ................................................... 331737.0200 Iron and steel foundries .............................................. 33237.0300 Iron and steel forgings ................................................ 346237.0401 Metal heat treating ...................................................... 339837.0402 Primary metal products, n.e.c. .................................... 3399
• November
Appendix A.—Classification of Industries in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts—Continued
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
38 Primary nonferrous metals manufacturing:38.0100 Primary smelting and refining of copper .................... 333138.0400 Primary aluminum ........................................................ 333438.0501 Primary nonferrous metals, n.e.c. ............................... 333938.0600 Secondary nonferrous metals ..................................... 33438.0700 Rolling, drawing, and extruding of copper ................. 335138.0800 Aluminum rolling and drawing ..................................... 3353–538.0900 Nonferrous rolling and drawing, n.e.c. ....................... 335638.1000 Nonferrous wiredrawing and insulating ....................... 335738.1100 Aluminum castings ...................................................... 3363, 336538.1200 Copper foundries ......................................................... 336638.1300 Nonferrous castings, n.e.c. ......................................... 3364, 336938.1400 Nonferrous forgings ..................................................... 3463
39 Metal containers:39.0100 Metal cans ................................................................... 341139.0200 Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, and pails ......... 3412
40 Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural metal products:40.0100 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware .................... 343140.0200 Plumbing fixture fittings and trim ................................ 343240.0300 Heating equipment, except electric and warm air
furnaces.3433
40.0400 Fabricated structural metal .......................................... 344140.0500 Metal doors, sash, frames, molding, and trim ........... 344240.0600 Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) .......................... 344340.0700 Sheet metal work ........................................................ 344440.0800 Architectural and ornamental metal work ................... 344640.0901 Prefabricated metal buildings and components ......... 344840.0902 Miscellaneous structural metal work ........................... 3449
41 Screw machine products and stampings:41.0100 Screw machine products, bolts, etc ........................... 34541.0201 Automotive stampings ................................................. 346541.0202 Crowns and closures ................................................... 346641.0203 Metal stampings, n.e.c. ............................................... 3469
42 Other fabricated metal products:42.0100 Cutlery .......................................................................... 342142.0201 Hand and edge tools, except machine tools and
handsaws.3423
42.0202 Saw blades and handsaws ......................................... 342542.0300 Hardware, n.e.c. .......................................................... 342942.0401 Plating and polishing ................................................... 347142.0402 Coating, engraving, and allied services, n.e.c. .......... 347942.0500 Miscellaneous fabricated wire products ...................... 3495–642.0700 Steel springs, except wire ........................................... 349342.0800 Pipe, valves, and pipe fittings ..................................... 3491–2, 3494, 349842.1000 Metal foil and leaf ........................................................ 349742.1100 Fabricated metal products, n.e.c. ............................... 3499
43 Engines and turbines:43.0100 Turbines and turbine generator sets .......................... 351143.0200 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c. ............................ 3519
44+45 Farm, construction, and mining machinery:44.0001 Farm machinery and equipment ................................. 352344.0002 Lawn and garden equipment ...................................... 352445.0100 Construction machinery and equipment ..................... 353145.0200 Mining machinery, except oil field .............................. 353245.0300 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment .............. 3533
46 Materials handling machinery and equipment:46.0100 Elevators and moving stairways ................................. 353446.0200 Conveyors and conveying equipment ......................... 353546.0300 Hoists, cranes, and monorails .................................... 353646.0400 Industrial trucks and tractors ....................................... 3537
47 Metalworking machinery and equipment:47.0100 Machine tools, metal cutting types ............................. 354147.0200 Machine tools, metal forming types ............................ 354247.0300 Special dies and tools and machine tool accessories 3544–547.0401 Power-driven handtools ............................................... 354647.0402 Rolling mill machinery and equipment ....................... 354747.0404 Electric and gas welding and soldering equipment ... 354847.0405 Industrial patterns ........................................................ 354347.0500 Metalworking machinery, n.e.c. ................................... 3549
48 Special industry machinery and equipment:48.0100 Food products machinery ............................................ 355648.0200 Textile machinery ........................................................ 355248.0300 Woodworking machinery ............................................. 355348.0400 Paper industries machinery ......................................... 355448.0500 Printing trades machinery and equipment .................. 355548.0600 Special industry machinery, n.e.c. .............................. 3559
49 General industrial machinery and equipment:49.0100 Pumps and compressors ............................................ 3561, 356349.0200 Ball and roller bearings ............................................... 356249.0300 Blowers and fans ......................................................... 356449.0500 Mechanical power transmission equipment ................ 3566, 356849.0600 Industrial process furnaces and ovens ....................... 356749.0700 General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.c. 356949.0800 Packaging machinery .................................................. 3565
50 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical:
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
50.0100 Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...................... 359250.0200 Fluid power equipment ................................................ 3593–450.0300 Scales and balances, except laboratory .................... 359650.0400 Industrial and commercial machinery and equipment,
55 Electric lighting and wiring equipment:55.0100 Electric lamp bulbs and tubes .................................... 364155.0200 Lighting fixtures and equipment .................................. 3645–855.0300 Wiring devices ............................................................. 3643–4
56 Audio, video, and communication equipment:56.0100 Household audio and video equipment ...................... 365156.0200 Prerecorded records and tapes .................................. 365256.0300 Telephone and telegraph apparatus ........................... 366156.0500 Communication equipment .......................................... 3663, 3669
57 Electronic components and accessories:57.0100 Electron tubes .............................................................. 367157.0200 Semiconductors and related devices .......................... 367457.0300 Other electronic components ...................................... 3672, 3675–9
58 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and supplies:58.0100 Storage batteries ......................................................... 369158.0200 Primary batteries, dry and wet ................................... 369258.0400 Electrical equipment for internal combustion engines 369458.0600 Magnetic and optical recording media ....................... 369558.0700 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. 3699
59A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and trucks):59.0301 Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies ................. 3711
59B Truck and bus bodies, trailers, and motor vehicles parts:59.0100 Truck and bus bodies ................................................. 371359.0200 Truck trailers ................................................................ 371559.0302 Motor vehicle parts and accessories .......................... 3714
60 Aircraft and parts:60.0100 Aircraft .......................................................................... 372160.0200 Aircraft and missile engines and engine parts ........... 3724, 376460.0400 Aircraft and missile equipment, n.e.c. ........................ 3728, 3769
61 Other transportation equipment:61.0100 Ship building and repairing ......................................... 373161.0200 Boat building and repairing ......................................... 373261.0300 Railroad equipment ..................................................... 37461.0500 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts ................................. 37561.0601 Travel trailers and campers ........................................ 379261.0603 Motor homes ................................................................ 371661.0700 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. ................................ 3799
62 Scientific and controlling instruments:62.0101 Search and navigation equipment .............................. 38162.0102 Laboratory apparatus and furniture ............................ 382162.0200 Mechanical measuring devices ................................... 3823–4, 382962.0300 Environmental controls ................................................ 382262.0400 Surgical and medical instruments and apparatus ...... 384162.0500 Surgical appliances and supplies ............................... 384262.0600 Dental equipment and supplies .................................. 384362.0700 Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts ................... 38762.0800 X-ray apparatus and tubes ......................................... 384462.0900 Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus ....... 384562.1000 Laboratory and optical instruments ............................. 3826–762.1100 Instruments to measure electricity .............................. 3825
November •
Appendix A.—Classification of Industries in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts—Continued
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
63 Ophthalmic and photographic equipment:63.0200 Ophthalmic goods ........................................................ 38563.0300 Photographic equipment and supplies ........................ 386
64 Miscellaneous manufacturing:64.0101 Jewelry, precious metal ............................................... 391164.0102 Jewelers’ materials and lapidary work ....................... 391564.0104 Silverware and plated ware ........................................ 391464.0105 Costume jewelry .......................................................... 396164.0200 Musical instruments ..................................................... 39364.0301 Games, toys, and children’s vehicles ......................... 394464.0302 Dolls and stuffed toys ................................................. 394264.0400 Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c. ............................. 394964.0501 Pens, mechanical pencils, and parts .......................... 395164.0502 Lead pencils and art goods ........................................ 395264.0503 Marking devices ........................................................... 395364.0504 Carbon paper and inked ribbons ................................ 395564.0700 Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins ....................... 396564.0800 Brooms and brushes ................................................... 399164.0900 Hard surface floor coverings, n.e.c. ........................... 399664.1000 Burial caskets .............................................................. 399564.1100 Signs and advertising specialties ................................ 399364.1200 Manufacturing industries, n.e.c. .................................. 3999
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES65A Railroads and related services; passenger ground
transportation:65.0100 Railroads and related services ................................... 40, 47465.0200 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway
passenger transportation.41
65B Motor freight transportation and warehousing:65.0301 Trucking and courier services, except air .................. 421, 42365.0302 Warehousing and storage ........................................... 422
65C Water transportation:65.0400 Water transportation .................................................... 44
65D Air transportation:65.0500 Air transportation ......................................................... 45
65E Pipelines, freight forwarders, and related services:65.0600 Pipelines, except natural gas ...................................... 4665.0701 Freight forwarders and other transportation services 473, 47865.0702 Arrangement of passenger transportation .................. 472
66 Communications, except radio and TV:66.0100 Telephone and telegraph communications, and
communications services, n.e.c.481–2, 489
66.0200 Cable and other pay television services .................... 484
67 Radio and TV broadcasting:67.0000 Radio and TV broadcasting ........................................ 483
68A Electric services (utilities):68.0100 Electric services (utilities) ............................................ 491, 4931
68B Gas production and distribution (utilities):68.0201 Natural gas transportation ........................................... 4922, *492368.0202 Natural gas distribution ............................................... *4923, 4924, 4925,
4932, 4939
68C Water and sanitary services:68.0301 Water supply and sewerage systems ........................ 494, 495268.0302 Sanitary services, steam supply, and irrigation
72.0101 Hotels ........................................................................... 70172.0102 Other lodging places ................................................... 702–4
72B Personal and repair services (except auto):72.0201 Laundry, cleaning, garment services, and shoe
repair.721, 725
72.0202 Funeral service and crematories ................................ 72672.0203 Portrait photographic studios, and other
miscellaneous personal services.722, 729
72.0204 Electrical repair shops ................................................. 76272.0205 Watch, clock, jewelry, and furniture repair ................. 763–472.0300 Beauty and barber shops ........................................... 723–4
73A Computer and data processing services:73.0104 Computer and data processing services .................... 737
73B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related services:73.0301 Legal services .............................................................. 8173.0302 Engineering, architectural, and surveying services .... 87173.0303 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping, and
miscellaneous services, n.e.c.872, 89
73C Other business and professional services, except medical:73.0101 Miscellaneous repair shops ......................................... 76973.0102 Services to dwellings and other buildings .................. 73473.0103 Personnel supply services .......................................... 73673.0106 Detective and protective services ............................... 7381–273.0107 Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing ............. 73573.0108 Photofinishing labs and commercial photography ...... 7335–6, 738473.0109 Other business services .............................................. 732, 7331, 7334,
7338, 7383, 738973.0111 Management and consulting services ........................ 87473.0112 Testing and research labs .......................................... 8731–2, 8734
74 Eating and drinking places:74.0000 Eating and drinking places .......................................... 58
75 Automotive repair and services:75.0001 Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers .......... 75175.0002 Automotive repair shops and services ....................... 753, 754975.0003 Automobile parking and car washes .......................... 752, 7542
76 Amusements:76.0101 Motion picture services and theaters ......................... 781–376.0102 Video tape rental ......................................................... 78476.0201 Theatrical producers (except motion picture), bands,
orchestras, and entertainers.792
76.0202 Bowling centers ........................................................... 79376.0203 Professional sports clubs and promoters ................... 794176.0204 Racing, including track operation ................................ 794876.0205 Physical fitness facilities and membership sports and
recreation clubs.7991, 7997
76.0206 Other amusement and recreation services ................ 791, 7992–3, 7996,7999
77A Health services:77.0100 Doctors and dentists ................................................... 801–3, 804177.0200 Hospitals ...................................................................... 80677.0301 Nursing and personal care facilities ........................... 80577.0303 Home health care services ......................................... 80877.0304 Veterinary services ...................................................... 07477.0305 Other medical and health services ............................. 8042, 8043, 8049,
807, 809
77B Educational and social services, and membershiporganizations:
77.0401 Elementary and secondary schools ............................ 82177.0402 Colleges, universities, and professional schools ........ 82277.0403 Private libraries, vocational schools, and educational
services, n.e.c.823–4, 829
77.0501 Business associations and professional membershiporganizations.
861–2
77.0502 Labor organizations, civic, social, and fraternalassociations.
863–4
77.0503 Religious organizations ............................................... 86677.0504 Other membership organizations ................................ 84, 865, 869, 8733,
673277.0600 Job training and related services ............................... 83377.0700 Child day care services ............................................... 83577.0800 Residential care ........................................................... 83677.0900 Social services, n.e.c. ................................................. 832, 839
• November
Appendix A.—Classification of Industries in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts—Continued
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
SPECIAL INDUSTRIES
78 Federal Government enterprises:78.0100 U.S. Postal Service ..................................................... (1)78.0200 Federal electric utilities ................................................ (1)78.0500 Other Federal Government enterprises ...................... (1)
79 State and local government enterprises:79.0100 State and local government passenger transit .......... (1)79.0200 State and local government electric utilities ............... (1)79.0300 Other State and local government enterprises .......... (1)
I-O industry number and title Related 1987 SICcodes
81 Scrap, used and secondhand goods:81.0001 Scrap ............................................................................ (3)81.0002 Used and secondhand goods ..................................... (3)
82 General government industry:82.0000 General government industry ...................................... (4)
83 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses:83.0000 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses ................ (5)
84 Household industry:84.0000 Household industry ...................................................... (6)
1. The SIC assigns the same codes to the activities regardless of whether the establishment is owned by privatefirms and government agencies, but the SIC codes in the I-O accounts are only used for classifying private activities.
2. Noncomparable imports include imported services that are not commercially produced in the United States,and goods and services that are produced abroad and used abroad by U.S. residents—for example, U.S. FederalGovernment defense spending abroad.
3. Industry output is zero because there is no primary producing industry. Scrap is a secondary product of manyindustries, and used goods are sales and purchases typically between final uses. The sales are shown as negativevalues in the use table.
4. Industry output is defined as the compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital of general gov-ernment agencies. The compensation of employees engaged in construction work is included in the constructionindustry.
5. The commodity entries include adjustments among PCE and government expenditures to eliminate countingthe expenditures by foreign residents in both exports and PCE or government expenditures.
6. Industry output is defined as the compensation of domestic household workers.7. The inventory valuation adjustment is an adjustment needed to eliminate inventory profits or losses from the
change in inventory component of gross output.
November •
Appendix B.—Classification of Value Added and Final Uses in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts
[The titles in boldface represent the value added and final use components used for the summary version of the tables.]
I-O number I-O title
VALUE ADDEDVA Total value added88.0000 Compensation of employees89.0000 Indirect business tax and nontax liability90.0000 Other value added
FINAL USES91 Personal consumption expenditures:91.0000 Personal consumption expenditures
93 Change in business inventories:93.0000 Change in business inventories
94 Exports of goods and services:94.0000 Exports of goods and services
95 Imports of goods and services:95.0000 Imports of goods and services
96C Federal Government consumption expenditures, national defense:96.00C0 Federal Government consumption expenditures, national defense
96I Federal Government gross investment, national defense:96.00I0 Federal Government gross investment, national defense
97C Federal Government consumption expenditures, nondefense:97.00C0 Federal Government consumption expenditures, nondefense
97I Federal Government gross investment, nondefense:97.00I0 Federal Government gross investment, nondefense
98C State and local government consumption expenditures, education:98.00C1 State and local government consumption expenditures, elementary and second-
ary public school systems98.00C2 State and local government consumption expenditures, public educational facili-
ties beyond high school98.00C3 State and local government consumption expenditures, other education and li-
braries
98I State and local government gross investment, education:98.00I1 State and local government gross investment, elementary and secondary public
school systems
I-O number I-O title
98.00I2 State and local government gross investment, public educational facilities beyondhigh school
98.00I3 State and local government gross investment, other education and libraries
99C State and local government consumption expenditures, other:99.10C1 State and local government consumption expenditures, hospitals and categorical
health programs99.10C2 State and local government consumption expenditures, public welfare institutions
and activities99.10C4 State and local government consumption expenditures, sanitation99.20C1 State and local government consumption expenditures, police99.20C2 State and local government consumption expenditures, fire fighting organizations
and auxiliary services99.20C3 State and local government consumption expenditures, correctional institutions99.30C1 State and local government consumption expenditures, public highways (exclud-
ing non-capital expenditures of toll roads)99.30C8 State and local government consumption expenditures, natural and agricultural
resources and recreation facilities99.30C9 State and local government consumption expenditures, other general govern-
ment activities n.e.c.
99C State and local government gross investment, other:99.10I1 State and local government gross investment, hospitals and categorical health
programs99.10I2 State and local government gross investment, public welfare institutions and ac-
tivities99.10I3 State and local government gross investment, public sewerage systems99.10I4 State and local government gross investment, sanitation99.20I1 State and local government gross investment, police99.20I2 State and local government gross investment, fire fighting organizations and aux-
iliary services99.20I3 State and local government gross investment, correctional institutions99.30I1 State and local government gross investment, public highways99.30I2 State and local government gross investment, waterports and airports99.30I3 State and local government gross investment, government-operated transit sys-
tems99.30I4 State and local government gross investment, other commerce activities, n.e.c.99.30I5 State and local government gross investment, gas and electric utilities99.30I6 State and local government gross investment, government-operated water supply
facilities99.30I7 State and local government gross investment, redevelopment projects99.30I8 State and local government gross investment, natural and agricultural resources
and recreation facilities99.30I9 State and local government gross investment, other general government activi-
ties n.e.c.
• November
Table 1.—The Make of Commodities[Millions of dollars
Industrynumber
For the distribution of industries producing a commodity,read the column for that commodity Livestock
andlivestockproducts
Other agri-cultural
products
Forestryand fishery
products
Agricul-tural,
forestry,and
fisheryservices
Metallicores
mining
Coalmining
Crudepetroleum
andnatural gas
Non-metallicmineralsmining
New con-struction
Maintenanceand repair
constructionFor the distribution of commodities produced by an industry,read the row for that industry
65A Railroads and related services; passenger ground transportation .............................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................65B Motor freight transportation and warehousing .............................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................65C Water transportation ....................................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................65D Air transportation ............................................................................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................65E Pipelines, freight forwarders, and related services ....................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................
66 Communications, except radio and TV ......................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................67 Radio and TV broadcasting ........................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................
68A Electric services (utilities) .............................................................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................68B Gas production and distribution (utilities) ...................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................68C Water and sanitary services .......................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................69A Wholesale trade ............................................................................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................69B Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................... 522,519 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................70A Finance ........................................................................................................................................... .................... 390,710 448 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................70B Insurance ........................................................................................................................................ .................... .................... 231,097 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................71A Owner-occupied dwellings ............................................................................................................. .................... .................... .................... 457,250 .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................71B Real estate and royalties ............................................................................................................... .................... .................... 229 .................... 549,884 .................... .................... .................... ........................72A Hotels and lodging places ............................................................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... 666 58,936 .................... .................... ........................72B Personal and repair services (except auto) .................................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 91,564 .................... ........................73A Computer and data processing services ...................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 115,730 ........................73B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related services .................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 387 251,70173C Other business and professional services, except medical ......................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 449 416 89673D Advertising ...................................................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........................
77A Health services ............................................................................................................................... 1,414 .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................77B Educational and social services, and membership organizations ................................................ 54 63 25 18 18 53 80 8 27 11
78 Federal Government enterprises ................................................................................................... 9 10 6 28 9 1 .................. 8 468 27479 State and local government enterprises ....................................................................................... 16 36 1 16 4 3 2 .................. 14 880 Noncomparable imports ................................................................................................................. .................. 45 .................. .................. 84 23 1,033 20 .................. .....................81 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. 2 .................. .................. .................. .................. 5 382 General government industry ........................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................83 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................84 Household industry ........................................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................85 Inventory valuation adjustment ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................
I Total intermediate inputs ............................................................................................................... 75,901 50,554 4,807 11,269 6,419 11,113 56,056 5,468 254,179 112,529VA Value added ................................................................................................................................... 15,603 57,740 4,806 16,982 4,330 15,804 49,313 8,214 202,770 109,852
T Total industry output ................................................................................................................... 91,504 108,294 9,613 28,251 10,749 26,917 105,369 13,682 456,949 222,381
77A Health services ............................................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................77B Educational and social services, and membership organizations ................................................ 92 229 64 9 105 408 4 11 30 51
78 Federal Government enterprises ................................................................................................... 13 22 41 7 44 67 17 14 26 5679 State and local government enterprises ....................................................................................... 47 22 12 1 35 71 25 8 100 5780 Noncomparable imports ................................................................................................................. 215 1,911 379 68 330 234 2 30 97 8681 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ............................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 100 .................. 2,32082 General government industry ........................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................83 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses ................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................84 Household industry ........................................................................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................85 Inventory valuation adjustment ...................................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .....................
I Total intermediate inputs ............................................................................................................... 33,252 30,717 21,319 8,427 126,183 62,561 5,856 8,370 23,345 49,153VA Value added ................................................................................................................................... 14,788 31,957 18,309 5,771 19,526 48,800 3,512 9,445 19,559 27,412
T Total industry output ................................................................................................................... 48,040 62,674 39,628 14,198 145,709 111,361 9,368 17,815 42,904 76,565
November •
by Industries, 1992—Continuedat producers’ prices]
77A Health services ......................................................................................................... ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... ....................... ................... ................... ................... .......................77B Educational and social services, and membership organizations .......................... 21 35 12 66 110 23 414 151 225 22
78 Federal Government enterprises ............................................................................. 22 37 14 64 31 12 103 128 93 1179 State and local government enterprises ................................................................. 23 19 30 17 37 30 49 39 29 5380 Noncomparable imports ........................................................................................... 191 32 191 387 294 299 465 384 98 2181 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ...................................................................... ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... 79 ................... 20 ................... .......................82 General government industry .................................................................................. ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... ....................... ................... ................... ................... .......................83 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses ............................................................. ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... ....................... ................... ................... ................... .......................84 Household industry .................................................................................................. ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... ....................... ................... ................... ................... .......................85 Inventory valuation adjustment ................................................................................ ................... ................... ................... ....................... ................... ....................... ................... ................... ................... .......................
I Total intermediate inputs ......................................................................................... 14,372 10,773 10,086 27,531 36,520 12,327 126,780 54,981 58,227 15,631VA Value added ............................................................................................................. 13,437 5,863 9,025 24,624 34,420 8,896 23,958 25,285 43,482 14,369
T Total industry output ............................................................................................. 27,809 16,636 19,111 52,155 70,940 21,223 150,738 80,266 101,709 30,000
November •
by Industries, 1992—Continuedat producers’ prices]
77A Health services ......................................................................................................... 611,328 ................... ................... 26 –13 1,681 9 ................... 1,672 .......................77B Educational and social services, and membership organizations .......................... 225,749 ................... ................... 450 –449 9,527 390 ................... 9,137 .......................
78 Federal Government enterprises ............................................................................. 6,881 ................... ................... 188 ................. 1,058 1,080 ................... –22 .......................79 State and local government enterprises ................................................................. 22,489 ................... ................... ................. ................. 205 165 ................... 40 .......................80 Noncomparable imports ........................................................................................... 33,009 ................... ................... ................. –90,036 12,063 9,906 ................... 2,157 .......................81 Scrap, used and secondhand goods ...................................................................... 17,187 –30,293 1,529 5,872 –2,746 668 933 18 126 –40982 General government industry ................................................................................... ................... ................... ................... ................. ................. 273,327 196,793 ................... 76,534 .......................83 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses ............................................................. –66,481 ................... ................... 67,325 –74 –770 ......................... ................... –770 .......................84 Household industry ................................................................................................... 10,087 ................... ................... ................. ................. ................. ......................... ................... ......................... .......................85 Inventory valuation adjustment ................................................................................ ................... ................... –7,982 ................. ................. ................. ......................... ................... ......................... .......................
I Total intermediate inputs .......................................................................................... ................... ................... ................... ................. ................. ................. ......................... ................... ......................... .......................VA Value added ............................................................................................................. ................... ................... ................... ................. ................. ................. ......................... ................... ......................... .......................
T Total industry output ............................................................................................. 4,208,718 790,991 5,430 602,609 –631,637 525,912 318,866 56,121 130,235 20,690
November •
by Industries, 1992—Continuedat producers’ prices]
State and local governmentconsumption expenditures
30 Paints and allied products .................................................................................................................... 5,771 2,880 121 2,770 8,427 14,198 3031 Petroleum refining and related products .............................................................................................. 19,526 8,815 4,200 6,511 126,183 145,709 3132 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ....................................................................................... 48,800 31,129 930 16,741 62,561 111,361 32
33+34 Footwear, leather, and leather products .............................................................................................. 3,512 2,367 65 1,080 5,856 9,368 33+3435 Glass and glass products ..................................................................................................................... 9,445 5,553 160 3,732 8,370 17,815 3536 Stone and clay products ....................................................................................................................... 19,559 12,465 412 6,682 23,345 42,904 3637 Primary iron and steel manufacturing .................................................................................................. 27,412 20,920 866 5,626 49,153 76,565 3738 Primary nonferrous metals manufacturing ............................................................................................ 16,332 11,471 727 4,134 47,441 63,773 3839 Metal containers .................................................................................................................................... 2,502 2,018 93 391 10,563 13,065 3940 Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural metal products .............................................................. 20,706 15,160 358 5,188 28,785 49,491 4041 Screw machine products and stampings ............................................................................................. 15,084 12,889 248 1,947 19,619 34,703 4142 Other fabricated metal products ........................................................................................................... 25,539 17,449 384 7,706 28,435 53,974 4243 Engines and turbines ............................................................................................................................ 6,630 4,556 133 1,941 10,414 17,044 43
44+45 Farm, construction, and mining machinery .......................................................................................... 13,098 8,763 259 4,076 18,933 32,031 44+4546 Materials handling machinery and equipment ...................................................................................... 3,518 2,676 63 779 4,634 8,152 4647 Metalworking machinery and equipment .............................................................................................. 14,381 11,779 202 2,400 11,230 25,611 4748 Special industry machinery and equipment ......................................................................................... 9,646 7,413 161 2,072 10,585 20,231 4849 General industrial machinery and equipment ....................................................................................... 14,472 10,756 235 3,481 15,342 29,814 4950 Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical ......................................................................................... 14,160 11,897 195 2,068 10,911 25,071 5051 Computer and office equipment ........................................................................................................... 17,992 13,357 508 4,127 45,932 63,924 5152 Service industry machinery ................................................................................................................... 10,967 7,483 211 3,273 15,488 26,455 5253 Electrical industrial equipment and apparatus ..................................................................................... 13,437 9,198 205 4,034 14,372 27,809 5354 Household appliances ........................................................................................................................... 5,863 3,506 130 2,227 10,773 16,636 5455 Electric lighting and wiring equipment .................................................................................................. 9,025 5,708 143 3,174 10,086 19,111 5556 Audio, video, and communication equipment ...................................................................................... 24,624 14,449 384 9,791 27,531 52,155 5657 Electronic components and accessories .............................................................................................. 34,420 23,599 526 10,295 36,520 70,940 5758 Miscellaneous electrical machinery and supplies ................................................................................ 8,896 6,267 160 2,469 12,327 21,223 58
59A Motor vehicles (passenger cars and trucks) ........................................................................................ 23,958 16,975 960 6,023 126,780 150,738 59A59B Truck and bus bodies, trailers, and motor vehicles parts ................................................................... 25,285 22,360 438 2,487 54,981 80,266 59B
65A Railroads and related services; passenger ground transportation ...................................................... 34,390 23,458 1,006 9,926 21,364 55,754 65A65B Motor freight transportation and warehousing ...................................................................................... 83,371 55,533 2,615 25,223 83,582 166,953 65B65C Water transportation .............................................................................................................................. 12,796 7,140 583 5,073 19,644 32,440 65C65D Air transportation ................................................................................................................................... 42,166 32,761 5,696 3,709 51,975 94,141 65D65E Pipelines, freight forwarders, and related services .............................................................................. 19,624 10,710 993 7,921 13,992 33,616 65E
66 Communications, except radio and TV ................................................................................................ 120,561 43,959 12,620 63,982 87,533 208,094 6667 Radio and TV broadcasting .................................................................................................................. 11,809 8,399 541 2,869 17,550 29,359 67
68A Electric services (utilities) ...................................................................................................................... 110,976 22,255 12,554 76,167 59,920 170,896 68A68B Gas production and distribution (utilities) ............................................................................................. 22,373 5,837 4,329 12,207 70,784 93,157 68B68C Water and sanitary services ................................................................................................................. 8,802 4,337 1,833 2,632 10,380 19,182 68C69A Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................... 399,937 231,373 101,516 67,048 169,033 568,970 69A69B Retail trade ............................................................................................................................................ 359,670 216,386 73,207 70,077 162,849 522,519 69B70A Finance .................................................................................................................................................. 250,165 145,483 16,337 88,345 166,107 416,272 70A70B Insurance ............................................................................................................................................... 103,876 91,915 13,920 –1,959 127,221 231,097 70B71A Owner-occupied dwellings ..................................................................................................................... 398,831 .......................... 73,022 325,809 58,419 457,250 71A71B Real estate and royalties ...................................................................................................................... 412,233 48,354 79,726 284,153 137,880 550,113 71B72A Hotels and lodging places .................................................................................................................... 33,531 21,166 5,222 7,143 26,071 59,602 72A72B Personal and repair services (except auto) ......................................................................................... 53,997 30,383 2,095 21,519 37,775 91,772 72B73A Computer and data processing services .............................................................................................. 71,345 49,419 1,869 20,057 44,385 115,730 73A73B Legal, engineering, accounting, and related services .......................................................................... 170,992 119,231 1,717 50,044 85,369 256,361 73B73C Other business and professional services, except medical ................................................................ 246,758 145,046 5,575 96,137 93,687 340,445 73C73D Advertising ............................................................................................................................................. 19,229 11,774 352 7,103 10,636 29,865 73D