Bench-scale Development of a Non-Aqueous Solvent (NAS) CO ... · •refine solvent formulation to minimize solvent make-up and reduce solvent costs •develop NAS-specific process
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RTI International
RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. www.rti.org
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
Laboratory Development of NASs
4
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
CO
2P
art
ial P
ressu
re [k
Pa]
CO2 Loading, a, [mol CO2 / mol amine]
30wt% MEA [Shen and Li (1992)]
30wt% MEA [RTI Data]
NAS
80 C
40 C
90 C
40 C
Da Da
30wt% MEA/Water
NAS
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
Laboratory Development of NASs
5
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
CO
2P
art
ial P
ressu
re [k
Pa]
CO2 Loading, a, [mol CO2 / mol amine]
30wt% MEA [Shen and Li (1992)]
30wt% MEA [RTI Data]
NAS
80 C
40 C
90 C
40 C
Da Da
30wt% MEA/Water
NAS
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Heat o
f C
O2A
bso
rpti
on (-D
Hab
s) [k
J / m
ol C
O2]
CO2 Loading, a, [mol CO2 / mole absorbent]
NAS - 40 C
NAS - 90 C
30wt% MEA - 40 C- Kim and Svendsen
30 wt% MEA - 80 C - Kim and Svendsen
30 wt% MEA - 120 C - Kim and Svendsen
30wt% MEA - 40 C - RTI Data
30 wt% MEA - 80 C - RTI Data
90 C
40 C
40 C
with increasing temperature
with increasing temperature
120 C
80 C
80 C
Laboratory Development of NASs
6
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
Laboratory Development of NASs
7
Aq. Amine Solvent NAS
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
Measured Viscosity
Sample Name Viscosity
[cP] Temp [°C]
NAS-1, CO2-Lean 4.5 40
1.6 80
NAS-1, CO2-Rich 20.7 40
Gen2 NAS,
CO2-rich 9.34 40
RTI International
Laboratory Development of NASs
8
RTI’s NASs Range of most
advanced
processes
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Regenera
tion E
nerg
y [
kJ
t/kg C
O2]
L/G [kg/kg]
30 wt% MEA
NAS 1
NAS 2
NAS 3
NAS 4
2,500 kJt/kg CO2
2,000 kJt/kg CO2
3,680 kJt/kg CO2
1,700 kJt/kg CO2
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
Laboratory Development of NASs
9
RTI’s bench-scale solvent
testing unit
Key Achievements
• Work performed under a DOE/ARPA-E funded project
• Project Partners: BASF
• Developed promising 1st-generation NAS formulations
• Large working capacities with moderate temperature swing
• Regenerable at low temperature (PCO2 > 2bar @ 90oC)
• Heat of absorption: 55-75 kJ/mol CO2
• Low specific heat capacities: 1.2-1.5 kJ/kg K
• Viscosity of CO2-rich solvent < 30 cP; Non-foaming
• Patent Portfolio: 6 patents appl. filed; 1 granted to date
• 3 formulation oriented
• 3 process oriented
• Min. thermal regen. energy: 1,700-2,300 kJ/kg CO2
• Preliminary T&E assessment indicate that parasitic
energy penalty can be reduced by ~ 25-40%
• Experimental demonstration of NAS process concept
• Constructed bench-scale system to evaluate NASs
RTI International
NAS CO2 Capture Process
10
Similar to conventional scrubbing systems with key design features: • NAS Recovery and Wash Section – Similar to water washing but NASs have low water-solubility
• Solvent Regenerator – lack of low-boiling component (conv. reboilers not applicable)
Operating Conditions
Absorber: 40-60oC; atm. pressure
Regenerator: 90-120oC; 2-7 bars
20% NaOH/Water
Na2SO4/
Water
Cooler
Trim CoolerCrossover
Heat Exchanger
De-SOX Flue Gas
Wet FGD
Deep Desulfurization /
Direct Contact Cooling
CO2 Absorption
Section
NAS Recovery /
Wash Section
Make-up /
Purge Tank
CO2-rich NAS
Treated Flue Gas Sent
to Stack
Recovered NAS
returned to Process
Low-pressure
Steam
Condensate
CO2-lean NAS
Fresh
NAS
Purge
Solvent
Regenerator
CO2 Product Gas to
Compression Train
Recovered NAS
returned to Process
Off-gas Cooler and
NAS Recovery /
Wash Section
Raw Flue Gas
RTI International
• Stable operation in a continuous flow system representative of a realistic
process arrangement
• Evaluated/demonstrated key process concepts specific to NAS process
• Water balancing; effectiveness of several regenerator types
• Compared performance of the NAS process and 30 wt% MEA-H2O
• Prelim. data indicates a 30-40% reduction in thermal regen. energy
• Needs to be verified and validated at larger scale
• Evaluated the effect of long-term (>500 h) exposure to common flue gas