Ben Pashkoff - java embedded - 24mai2011

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Java for Embedded Devices

Ben Pashkoff ([email protected])Principle Sales Consultant(Based on presentations by Greg Bollella and Robert Vandette)

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The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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One Additional Caveat

Material in this presentation is subject to change with no prior notification based on any announcements or changes that may be communicated by Oracle Corporation at Oracle OpenWorld, Oracle Develop or Oracle Java One.

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Program Agenda

• What is Java Embedded• ME Embedded Background• SE Embedded Background• Oracle Java for Embedded Solutions

Overview• Trends, Futures• Resources• Q & A• Demonstrations (Time Permitting)

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Quiz time!!WHO is the “Father” of Java?

A

B

C

D

E

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Java Metrics

• 5 billion Java Cards in use• 3 billion Java-based handsets• 850+ million Java desktops• 90+ million Java-based TV devices• All Blu-ray disc players ship with Java• Many more embedded devices with Java everywhere

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What comprises a “complete” embedded system?

InputOutput ComputeOS Programming Model Programming Tools

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Trends in Embedded Systems Design

• Larger code bases• More complex code• More function• Faster development cyles• Connection to Internet• Connection to OEM HQ• BOM costs *still* crucial• More HW features

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Embedded Microprocessor Trends

• Embedded Multi-Core is everywhere• ARM continuing low power legacy, Intel moving into that space

with Atom• ARM setting sights on server market

• Cortex A5 Dual Core

• Cortex A9 Dual/Quad Core

• 250mw power 1ghz today

•ARM Eagle Cortex A15 Coming

• Quad 2.5 ghz!

• Nvidia Tegra 2 – 1ghz Dual A9

• Marvell Quad-Core

•TI OMAP4 Dual core Cortex-A9

Common Themes

• PowerPC QorIQ Family

• P2020 Dual Core 1.2ghz

• P4080 Quad Core 1.5ghz

Embedded Communication

Processors

• Atom Dual Core Processors

• N550 1.5ghz 8.5w

• D525 1.8ghz 13w

• D510 1.66ghz 13w

• 330 1.6ghz 8w

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Java Features • Proven & Stable• Huge Developer Base• Rapid Application Development• Fully Object Oriented• Run on a Virtual Machine

– Memory Management, Portability, Cross Platform …• Multi-Thread, -Process and -CPU/Core support• Security• Networking• Deployment

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Java: The Best Platform for Embedded Applications

Decouples software development from hardware development cycle

Development and testing can be done (mostly) using standard desktop systems

Highly productive language, APIs, runtime, and tools mean quick time to market

Create high-performance, portable, secure, robust, cross-platform applications easily

Java isolates your apps from language and platform variations (e.g. C/C++, kernel, libcdifferences)

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Most popular embedded processors supported allowing design flexibility

Support for key embedded features (low footprint, power mgmt., low latency, etc)

Leverage huge Java developer ecosystem (expertise, existing code)

Easily create end-to-end solutions integrated with Java back-end services

Solutions from constrained devices to server-class systems

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Paradigm shift

Before: Embedded = Java METargeted at small devices (~32MB or less)Handheld devices: PDAs, cell phones, etc.Other small consumer devices too: set top boxes, gaming devices, etc.

Now: Embedded = Java ME and Java SETargeted at larger devices (~32MB or more)POS terminals, ATMs, medical/laboratory devices, transportation devices, building automation devices, industrial automation devices, etc.

Embedded Java perception

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“Traditional” Java Embedded Marketplace

Java Card Java ME(CLDC) Java ME(CDC) Java SE Java EE

Traditionally Java is Embedded here:Traditionally Java is Embedded here:

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Oracle Java Platforms

15©2010 Oracle Corporation

TVTVDesktopsDesktops MobileMobile CardsCardsServersServers

Java Language

Java EE

VMs

APIs

EmbeddedEmbedded

Java SE Java TV Java CardJava ME

Server Client TV CardMobile

BD-J

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Current Deployment Landscape

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Java in Embedded –Java SE Embedded

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What does “Embedded” mean?• Two definitions used: Legal and Technical

• Legal definition of Embedded SE:Designates a Field Of Use (FOU)

– Embedded FOU defined in the license file as anything that is not a “general purpose desktop computer or server”

• e.g : “industrial control systems, wireless mobile telephones, wireless handheld devices, kiosks, TV/STB, Blu-ray Disc devices, ATM's etc...”

– Applies to both embedded (footprint-reduced) SEimplementations and “regular” SE implementations

– Royalty bearing, affordable pricing

• Dedicated, flexible, versatile pricing model applies:based on unit cost and volume.

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Java SE Embedded Only Implementation

Embedded Only Features:− Memory reductions/optimizations− Disk/Flash/ROM size reductions Headless Configuration Removal of optional files and Java classes

− Low Power Handling− Additional Platforms (Linux/ARM, Linux/Power, WinXP

Embedded)

And of course all the good stuff Java SE brings out of the box and via third party libraries/apps … (like Java EE ...)

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Targeted Configurations(Today)

Processor OperatingSystem

Headless orHeadful

FPU Java SE Version

ARMv5 Linux Headless Soft-Float 6U21

ARMv6/v7 Linux Headless & Headfull (v7)

Hard-Float 6U21

PowerPCe600 core

Linux Headless Classic Hard-Float

6U21

PowerPCe500v2 core

Linux Headless Embedded Hard-Float

6U21

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Java in Embedded –Tech Stuff

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Small Footprint for Embedded

The standard release’s ROM/disk footprintis too big for many embedded devices

− Memory getting cheaper, but cost remainsa factor: Profit = Margin x Volume

Small footprint optimizations− Additional Compression, File Removal− Footprint reduction of up to 56% e.g 6.0 for ARM around 32 MB e.g., for 5.0 on Linux/x86: from 68MB to 29.5MB

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Java SE – Custom Embedded Builds

• Technical definition of embedded SE:Custom – footprint-reduced – but still SE

compatible

SEspecification

NOT an SEimplementation

“Regular” SEimplementation

Embedded SEimplementation

optionalcomponents

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Small Footprint for Embedded

File removal includes Deployment: Java Web Start, Plug-in, Pack2000and Unpack2000 IDL and RMI: rmiregistery, rmid, servertool,tnameserv Security: Policytool, keytool, ktab, klist, kinit Orbd Man pages Localization

− Character convertors (charsets.jar) Remove either Client Compiler or Server Compiler

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Headless Feature for SE Embedded

Headless option− No support for keyboard, mouse, video− Otherwise full SE functionality, including printing

Runtime and build implementation− Headless flag hard-wired on Djava.awt.headless=true

− “Headful” files removed, including libmawt.so

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Tuning your Embedded Java Solution Default configuration Improving Startup Time Taking Advantage of Multi-core processors Picking the Right Garbage Collector

Heap Size

Memory Consumption

Startup Time

Disk/Flash Consumption

JIT Strategy

Garbage Collection Policy

Throughput/Response Time

Clock Speed, Number of CPUs?

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Low Memory Support

The Linux community has been searching for solutions to handle low memory conditions

Killing processes is NOT the answer (SIGABORT, ouch!)

We chose to support /dev/mem_notify− Linux kernel driver monitoring available memory

/dev/mem_notify avail?

CreateMonitoring

Thread

Open /dev/mem

notify

YES

NO

Feature Unavailable

Block Waitingfor Input

from Device

Full GC

*Release AdditionalVM Memory

(JIT Buffers, etc)

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Java SE Embedded FeaturePower Conservation

• Goal– Reduce CPU usage to 0% when Java

applications are idle in order to allow CPU clock to be reduced or suspended

• Modifications Performed– Hotspot Virtual Machine

• Eliminated all Polling Threads– Java SE AWT/Swing Changes

• Eliminated Polling for X Events when idle

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Java SE Embedded Design Focus

• Assumptions leading to our default configuration of SE Embedded

– Most embedded devices are resource constrained– Keeping per unit device cost low is high priority– Use lower clocked processors

Option Java SE Embedded Default State

Performance Monitoring Off by Default

Compression of JAR Files All Jar File Compressed

All JRE Files Included Optional Files Removed

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Improving Startup Time

Class Data Sharing (If classloading is bottleneck)− Enabling Class Data Sharing− Customizing Class Data Sharing Archive− Can improve Startup by 25%-30%

Uncompressing jar files (If disk space is available)− Gain is dependent on disk access and CPU clock speed

Lower Compilation Threshold (If MP device)-XX:CompilationThreshold=xxxx (default is 1500)

Deferring Initialization or Class Loading in your application

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Enabling and Configuring Class Data Sharing

Enabling CDS with default classlist− java –Xshare:dump− Once complete, CDS is automatically enabled

Use java –Xshare:on OR –Xshare:off to compare startup times.

The default classlist is for GUI Swing Based Apps

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Customizing Class Data Sharing for Embedded Java Applications

1. Create a list of classes loaded at the startup of your applicationjava –Xshare:off –XX:+TraceClassLoadingPreorder {your app} >my_class_list*exit your app soon after startup

2. Extract only bootclass loaded classes. Outputs classlist.linux.java MakeClassList my_class_list >new_classlist

3. Add checksum to end of new_classlistjava AddJsum new_classlist classlist

4. Copy classlist to {JRE}/lib directory5. Create classes.jsa file

java –Xshare:dump– You now have a customized classes.jsa file!

Tools referenced on this page can be found in openjdk sources here: jdk/make/tools/src/build/tools

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Taking Advantage of Multi-Core Processors with Java

Built in VM Features that take advantage of SMP− Parallel Garbage Collection− Concurrent Garbage Collection− Background JIT Compilation

Lower Compilation Threshold

Parallelize your Java Application Code

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Which Garbage Collector Should I Use?Java SE Embedded Contains all of the standard collectors

For more details on GC tuning options see:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/gc-tuning-6-140523.html

Collector Option Pro Con MP

Serial -XX:+UseSerialGC(default)

Best Choice for single CPU

N

Concurrent -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode

Better if response time is highest priorityShorter GC pauses

Uses processor resources while embedded app is running

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Parallel (Young)

Parallel (Old)

-XX:+UseParallelGC

-XX:+UseParallelOldGC

Better if throughput is highest priority.Uses multiple processors to speed up GC collection

GC must still pause embedded app during collections.

Y

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Reducing System Resource Requirements(Reducing Memory Consumption)

Customizing Heap Sizes-Xms -Xmx

Adjust Free Ratios-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=xx (control heap reduction, default 70)

-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=xx (controls heap expansion, default 40)Reducing JIT CodeBuffer

-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=xxMStandard Java SE tools can be used to identify potential memory savings

− Use jvisualvm with Linux x86 JDK Heapdump option

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Java in Embedded –Market Stuff

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SE for Embedded Product OverviewTwo groups of product offerings

• For Desktops/Servers AND Embedded– Standard Releases and Platforms: x86, x64, Sparc® (32 and 64 bit) Linux, Windows, Solaris–On the web, regular updates

• For Embedded ONLY– Additional platforms: ARM, PowerPC, XP-Embedded– Additional features: Headless/Small Footprint, Memory Optimizations, Low Memory Handling, Power Savings– On the web, transitioning to regular updates

• Wide range of platforms supported (30+ ISA/OS sets)• Development is free

• Deployment requires commercial licensing

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Target Market Data – SE for EmbeddedData Highlights from Surveys (till 12/10)

Industry Sampling:•Motorola

•Lockheed Martin

•Ricoh

•Cisco

•Alcatel-Lucent

Educational Sampling:Stanford University

Carnegie Mellon University

John Hopkins University

Rochester Institute of Technology

Pennsylvania State University

% Evals Java SE-Embedded by Geo

EMEAAMER

% Evals Java SE-Embedded by Org

Company

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Current Java SE Embedded OfferingsSE 6u21 – latest release available on web Nov 1, 2010

Processor Operating System

Headless orHeadful

FPU Java SE Version

ARMv5 Linux Headless SFLT 6u21

ARMv6/v7 Linux Headless &Headful (v7)

VFP 6u21

PowerPC E600 core

Linux Headless Classic HW FP 6u21

PowerPC e500v2 Linux Headless Embedded FP 6u21

x86 Linux Headless X86 6u21

* All configurations dynamically detect and support single or multi-core processors

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Java SE for Embedded 6u21 Release

•Sync most popular Java embedded platforms with latest SE release• ARM release from: 6u10 to 6u21• X86 (Small Footprint) & PowerPC from: 5u10 to 6u21

•Rich set of features and APIs of 6u21 and the hundreds of enhancements, security improvements and bug fixes now available to embedded

•Allows developers to deploy on their embedded device the same Java SE version they develop with on their PC.

•Integrated embedded code with SE sources•Enables staying in sync with standard SE

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Java SE for Embedded 6u21 Release

• Expanded Multi-Core Support•Added multi-core support for ARM and PowerPC•Multi-core features of Java SE such as parallel GC, background JIT compilation are now available for growing use of multi-core systems in embedded

• Additional Platform Support•Added support for PowerPC e500v2

• Improved Performance/Benchmarks

• SPECjvm98 improvements• ARM: 10%; PowerPC: 19%; x86: 17%

• ~20% improvement in CaffeineMark on all SE-E 6u21• ~2x the performance of Android on common benchmarks

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Embedded CaffeineMark Performance Improvements

+29%

+22%

+21%

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specJVM98 Performance Improvements

+19%

+17%

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2.17X

2.6X 1.53X

2.15X

Beagleboard Specs

TI OMAP3530 CPU

Cortex-A8

256MB RAM

600Mhz

* Chart is displaying relative performance differences only. Scores have been proportionately scaled to fit on chart.

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2.5X

3.2X 2X

* Chart is displaying relative performance differences only. Scores have been proportionately scaled to fit on chart.

Tegra-2 Specs

ARM Cortex-A9 Dual-Core CPU

1GB RAM

1GHZ

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SE Embedded Future

•Track SE releases closely• SE 7 Highlights

• JSR 292 –InvokeDynamic, Project Coin (small language changes)• SE 8 Highlights

• End-2012, Project Lambda – Closures, Modularity• Performance, startup and size reduction always top priority

•C2 for ARM• Bundled solutions for specific markets e.g.-

• Berkeley DataBase, Sync Agent, Mobile Client

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Java Embedded – ME & SEItem SE Embedded

CDC Spec compliance Available with proven deployment

MIPS support Available with proven deployment

Special Embedded Features

Available Upper Stack PBP/AGUI, MIDP/MSA, OSGi, JavaTV, GEM All SE packages

Static Foot Print (headless) 4MB/7.5MB 32MBRuntime requirement Typically 8MB to 64MB

Startup Time Cold <300ms, Warm <100-200ms Slower

OS Portability

CPU Portability (w/JIT) ARM, x86, PowerPC, Sparc

Graphics portability X11, Windows

Latest language and API SE 1.6

CDC HI 1.1.2/CDC HI 1.6

Technically possible, roadmap not defined

Romization, AOT, Dual Stack, MVM, designed/implemented to be memory efficient

headless, memory optimizations, multiple GC collectors, in process MVM.

headless:32MB headful: 64MB to 128MB

Linux, WinCE, Brew, Symbian, pSOS, VxWorks, OS20, Win32, Solaris, Mac OS X

Linux, XP Embedded, Linux GC, Windows, Solaris, NetBSD, QNX

ARM, MIPS, X86, PowerPC, Sparc, MIPS, AM34, ST20, SH3/4, ARC

DirectFB, DirectX, MPE, PFC, MicroWindows, QT, etcSubset of 1.4.2/Subset of 1.6 (planned)

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API PackageSE 1.6/1.7 CDC/FP 1.1.2 CDC/FP 1.6

java.applet Yes no nojava.awt Yes no nojava.beans Yes no nojava.io Yes Subset Yesjava.lang Yes Subset Yesjava.math Yes Subset Yesjava.net Yes Yes Yesjava.nio Yes no Yesjava.rmi Yes no nojava.security Yes Subset Yesjava.sql Yes no nojava.text Yes Yes Yesjava.util Yes Subset Yesjava.util.concurrent Yes no Yesjava.util.logging Yes no Subsetjava.util.pref Yes no nojava.crypto Yes Yes Yesjavax.security Yes Subset SubsetJavax.* (~70 other packages) Yes no noorg.* Yes no noomg.org.* Yes no noStatic footprint (with SecOP) 32 MB 4 MB 7.5 MB

Embedded SE

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Another Quiz!What famous CEO played in Iron Man 2

(and looks like Robert Downey Jr.)?

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B

C

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Java SE Embedded Examples in the Field

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Java SE for EmbeddedExample devices

• ATMs• Parking Meters• POS Systems

• Lottery/Gaming Systems• Multi Function Printers

• Intelligent Power Module• Netbooks

• Routers & Switches• Storage Appliances

• Network Management Systems• Medical Imaging Systems

• Radar Systems• Industrial PCs

• Factory Automation Systems• Geo-Imaging Devices

• Smart Meters• RFID Readers

• Video Conferencing Systems

• In-Flight Entertainment Systems

• Video Streaming Systems• Electronic Voting Systems• Voice Messaging Systems

• Security Systems

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Java SE Embedded in Smart Metering

EnergyICT

Java SE Embedded Based

Smart Meter Concentrator

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Special Bonus!

Tips for getting started with Java Se Embedded

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Getting Started• Purchase Embedded Device

• Many low cost ARM single and multi-core devices• Single Core ARM Cortex-A8 devices

• SheevaPlug ($99) http://www.plugcomputer.org• BeagleBoard ($149) http://beagleboard.org

• Multi-Core ARM Cortex-A9 devices• PandaBoard ($174)http://pandaboard.org• Nvidia Tegra 250 Developer Kit ($399)

http://developer.nvidia.com/tegra/tegra-devkit-features• You’ll need USB Keyboard, Mouse and HDMI Video monitor• Download / Install / Setup Linux Distribution

• Some vendors provide pre-installed ready-to-go Linux distros. Special Computing does this for Beagleboard and Pandaboard http://specialcomp.com

• Download and un-tar Java SE Embedded• http://oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded

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Sample Embedded ARM DevicesBeagleboard

http://beagleboard.orgPlug computer

http://www.plugcomputer.orgPandaboard

http://pandaboard.org

Beagleboard Specs

TI OMAP3530 CPU

Cortex-A8

256MB RAM

600Mhz

Pandaboard Specs

TI OMAP4430 CPU

Dual Core Cortex-A9

1GB RAM

1Ghz

Plug Computer Specs

Marvell ARMv5 CPU

512MB RAM

1.2ghz

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Java SE Embedded Platform ExampleGuruPlug

Low Power ARM/Linux based device design by Maxwell 512 MB RAM, 512 MB Flash, USB & Gigabit Ethernet Approx $100-120 for single devices Flexible and Capable Runs Java SE Arm v5/Linux headless Low Power Java Web Server:

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/11/11/diy_zero_energy_home_server/

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Wrapping up

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Java: Features

• Proven & Stable• Huge Developer Base• Rapid Application Development• Fully Object Oriented• Runs on a Virtual Machine• Multi-Thread, -Process and -CPU/Core support• Security• Networking

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Embedded Systems Conference

• May, 2011, San Jose• Embedded Java Hands On Lab

• Expect 30+ attendees• GuruPlug + USB temperature sensor (one per attendee)• Verrazano Development Environment• 90 minutes• Students will download Embedded SE BDB, and sync agent, install them on GuruPlug• 3 exercises

• Hello World• Periodically reading a temperature sensor• Save temp values into local BDB see them on Oracle DB on instructors laptop

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Resources• Oracle Embedded Java Products

• oracle.com/us/technologies/embedded/embeddable-java-185427.html

• Embedded Java Overview• oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded/overview/index.html

• Java ME Home• oracle.com/technetwork/java/javame/overview/index.html

• Blogs and News• blogs.oracle.com/java• terrencebarr.wordpress.com

• The Java Spotlight Podcast• thejavaspotlight.org

• Follow @Java on Twitter

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Questions?

For more information on Java Embedded:www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded

Or write me at:

Ben Pashkoff ([email protected])

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Which of the following do YOU think of

when you think of Java?

A

B

C

D

EF

G

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Appendix<Insert Picture Here>

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Java Everywhere

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The Spectrum of Java

Servers Desktop Embedded TV Mobile Card

Java Language

Java SE Java ME Java Card

Java EE Java TV

BD-J

JavaFX MSA

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