BELLWORK What was the March on Washington? What was its purpose? What were the Montgomery Bus Boycotts? How did they effect public transportation? What.

BELLWORK

•What was the March on Washington? What was its purpose?

•What were the Montgomery Bus Boycotts? How did they effect public transportation?

•What is black nationalism? Why do you think African Americans would practice this instead of integration?

March on Washington

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Civil Rights Act of 1964•The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed under new

President Lyndon Johnson. •The law’s major sections included:•Title I: banned the use of different voter registration

standards.•Title II: prohibited discrimination in public places.•Title VI: allowed the withholding of federal funds

from programs that practice discrimination.•Title VII: banned discrimination on the basis of

race, sex, religion or national origin by employers and unions.

•Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate charges of job discrimination.

Voting Rights Act of 1965•African Americans were still unhappy with unequal

voting rights so they participated in The Selma March which was a 50 mile walk from Selma, Alabama to the state capital in Montgomery.

•This event later became known as “bloody Sunday.”

•In reaction to The Selma March, President Johnson and Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

•Under the act, federal officials could register African American voters where local officials were blocking their registration. It also eliminated literacy tests.

•In the year after the law passed, 400,000 African Americans registered to vote in the deep South.

24th Amendment

•Together, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 created a new voting population in the South.

•24th Amendment: outlawed the poll tax which kept poor African Americans from voting.

The Black Power Movement

•Stokely Carmichael rose to leadership in SNCC and caused the group to become more radical.

•He was tired of nonviolent protest and wanted SNCC to be exclusively black, rejecting white activists.

•This caused a split in the civil rights movement.

•Carmichael’s idea of black power was a call to unite African Americans and build a sense of community.

The Black Panthers•In 1966 political activists Bobby Seale and

Huey Newton formed a new militant political party called The Black Panthers.

•The Panthers wanted African Americans to lead their own communities, demanded government help in rebuilding ghettos, and combated police brutality.

•They often found themselves in violent encounters with police.

•Led to a more serious split in the movement with radical groups (SNCC and Black Panthers) moving away from more moderate organizations (NAACP).

The Black Panthers

•The Panthers were very involved in their community.

•They focused on ending poverty and improving health in the ghettos.

•Also wanted to “serve the people” by creating Free Breakfast for Children Program, free medical clinics, first aide, free clothing, self defense, end of prostitution, and alcohol/drug rehabilitation.

The 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics

Closure•What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?

•What event led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

•What does “black power” mean?

•Who were the Black Panthers? What were they fighting for?