BELLWORK What are some effects of Mustard Gas? What are some effects of Mustard Gas? Why were the first two years of WWI a stalemate? Why were the first.

BELLWORKBELLWORKWhat are some effects of Mustard What are some effects of Mustard

Gas?Gas?Why were the first two years of WWI Why were the first two years of WWI

a stalemate?a stalemate?Define Define mobilizationmobilizationTHINKER: Define the word THINKER: Define the word neutral.neutral. In In

which situations do you feel the U.S. which situations do you feel the U.S. should remain neutral? Explain and should remain neutral? Explain and give examples!give examples!

U.S. NEUTRALITYU.S. NEUTRALITY

““We must be We must be impartial in impartial in thought, as thought, as well as, well as, action!”action!”

U.S. NEUTRALITYU.S. NEUTRALITY In August 1914, Wilson In August 1914, Wilson

officially declared the U.S. officially declared the U.S. “neutral.”“neutral.”

Although “neutral,” the Although “neutral,” the U.S. was secretly U.S. was secretly supplying food and supplying food and supplies to the Allies and supplies to the Allies and loaned them $2.25 billion. loaned them $2.25 billion.

Wilson was reelected in Wilson was reelected in 1916 with the slogan, “HE 1916 with the slogan, “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR!” KEPT US OUT OF WAR!”

Do you think the U.S. Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral?should remain neutral?Be able to explain!!!Be able to explain!!!

German U-BoatsGerman U-BoatsGerman U-Boats, or German U-Boats, or

submarines, were submarines, were used to attack used to attack enemy ships.enemy ships.

Submarine Submarine Warfare: blockade Warfare: blockade a country and a country and attack any ship attack any ship that was thought to that was thought to be carrying war be carrying war supplies.supplies.

LusitaniaLusitaniaMay 7, 1915 – German submarine May 7, 1915 – German submarine

attacked the attacked the LusitaniaLusitania, a British , a British passenger ship.passenger ship.

The Germans believed the ship The Germans believed the ship was secretly carrying weapons to was secretly carrying weapons to Britain.Britain.

Killed 1,000 people, including 128 Killed 1,000 people, including 128 Americans.Americans.

Wilson struggles to maintain Wilson struggles to maintain neutrality.neutrality.

Closer to WarCloser to WarAllies suffer major losses and beg Allies suffer major losses and beg

the U.S. for help.the U.S. for help.Germany announces an Germany announces an

unrestricted submarine campaign.unrestricted submarine campaign.Germans sink U.S. supply ships Germans sink U.S. supply ships City City

of Memphis, Illinois, of Memphis, Illinois, and and Vigilante.Vigilante.1916 – Congress expands Army, 1916 – Congress expands Army,

National Guard, and Navy.National Guard, and Navy.

Zimmerman NoteZimmerman NoteIn January 1917, Arthur Zimmerman, In January 1917, Arthur Zimmerman,

a German official, proposed a deal a German official, proposed a deal with Mexico.with Mexico.

Mexico should ally itself with Mexico should ally itself with Germany to attack the U.S.Germany to attack the U.S.

In return, Mexico would receive land In return, Mexico would receive land lost to the U.S. in 1848.lost to the U.S. in 1848.

A British official intercepted A British official intercepted Zimmerman’s telegram and spread Zimmerman’s telegram and spread the news to the U.S. the news to the U.S.

Do you think the U.S. Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral?should remain neutral?Be able to explain!!!Be able to explain!!!

U.S. Declares War – April 2, U.S. Declares War – April 2, 19171917 ““It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful

people into war, into the most terrible and people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious be in the balance. But the right is more precious that peace, and we shall fight for the things which that peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, - for we have always carried nearest our hearts, - for democracy, for the right of those who submit to democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations. America is privileged to spend her blood nations. America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace she has treasured.”and happiness and the peace she has treasured.”

Woodrow Wilson – War message to Woodrow Wilson – War message to CongressCongress

CLOSURECLOSUREWhat was the What was the Lusitania?Lusitania?Describe submarine warfare.Describe submarine warfare.What was the Zimmerman What was the Zimmerman

Note?Note?Explain the transition from Explain the transition from

U.S. neutrality to the U.S. neutrality to the declaration of war. declaration of war.

War Effort at HomeWar Effort at HomeThe U.S. prepared for war in multiple The U.S. prepared for war in multiple

ways.ways. In groups you are going to read about a In groups you are going to read about a

specific action the U.S. took during WWI. specific action the U.S. took during WWI. As you read, decide on the most As you read, decide on the most

important concepts.important concepts.As a group, you will teach the class about As a group, you will teach the class about

your topic.your topic.They will be taking a couple notes so They will be taking a couple notes so

make sure you are clear and confident make sure you are clear and confident about your topic! about your topic!

War Effort at HomeWar Effort at Home

Liberty BondsLiberty BondsRationingRationingVictory GardensVictory GardensThe DraftThe Draft Internal FearInternal FearWomenWomen

WWI – A Letter HomeWWI – A Letter HomeDuring WWI, many people wrote letters to During WWI, many people wrote letters to

their loved ones at home or fighting in the their loved ones at home or fighting in the war.war.

For this assignment, you are to write a ½ For this assignment, you are to write a ½ page letter in the role of either page letter in the role of either

A citizen writing to a soldier overseasA citizen writing to a soldier overseasA U.S. soldier writing to loved ones at home.A U.S. soldier writing to loved ones at home.Take the role of your character! Make your Take the role of your character! Make your

letter believable.letter believable.You must also use FIVE vocabulary words You must also use FIVE vocabulary words

we’ve talked about during WWI. we’ve talked about during WWI.

WWI Vocab WordsWWI Vocab WordsCentral PowersCentral PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersTrenchTrenchMustard GasMustard GasStalemateStalemateMobilizationMobilizationNeutrality Neutrality NationalismNationalism

Victory GardenVictory GardenLiberty BondLiberty BondConscription (draft)Conscription (draft)Submarine WarfareSubmarine WarfareMilitarismMilitarismNo Man’s LandNo Man’s LandImperialismImperialismAllianceAlliance