BELLWORK – Rev. Review 1.Describe the military strategies used by both the Loyalists and Patriots during the American Revolution. 2.Explain the importance.

BELLWORK – Rev. Review1. Describe the military strategies used by both the

Loyalists and Patriots during the American Revolution.

2. Explain the importance of the Battle of Saratoga.

3. Which foreign countries helped both the British and American colonists? How did they help?

4. Which foreign countries helped South America achieve independence?

5. What was the Treaty of Paris?

6. What problems did the U.S. have post-Rev?

7. What problems did South Am. have post-Rev?

Thursday In-Class Assessment Practice

• Analyze the reasons why the 13 colonies were able to win independence from the British.

The American Revolution

A Quick Recap!

Conflict in Boston

• British soldiers sent to enforce laws in the colonies

• Boston Massacre• Tea Act • Boston Tea Party• Intolerable Acts• First Continental

Congress

The Shot Heard Around the World

The Last Straw……• Second Continental

Congress

• May 10, 1775

• Four decisions made….

• Final Compromise

• General Washington

• Military Strategy

• Drafting of D.O.I.

• Declaration of Independence

• Signed July 4, 1776

• Committee of Five – main author was Jefferson

• Declared that the colonies were now an independent and free country

• Listed grievances against the king & reasons for separation

The Committee of Five

Robert Livingston: the first Chancellor of NYC, the highest judicial officer in the state

Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, Livingston

Roger Sherman: justice of the Superior Court of CT & member of Congress

Benjamin Franklin: first U.S. ambassador to France; delegate from PA

Thomas Jefferson: served in Congress representing VA; primary author

John Adams: lawyer & public figure in Boston; representative from MA

Battles of the American Revolution

• Trenton and Princeton– December 26, 1776

– January 3, 1777– George Washington

crossed the Delaware River through harsh weather

– Americans captured British guards and won!

““Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the Delaware” Emmanuel LeutzeDelaware” Emmanuel Leutze

Military Strategies• British• Divide and Conquer• Separate New England

from Middle & Southern colonies, take them one-at-a-time

• Keep Washington isolated

• Naval blockades

• American

• Guerilla Warfare

• Target military generals

• Trap soldiers ambush!

• Use the terrain

• Naval blockades

Battles of the American Revolution• Saratoga

– September 19 & October 7, 1777

– British win first battle

– Americans win second battle and force a British retreat

– Turning point of Revolutionary War

– France decided to ally with the Americans

Help from foreign powers• France, Netherlands & Spain side with the Patriots

– navies prevent a British blockade• Marquis de Lafayette

– Major-General of French troops– Blocked British troops at Yorktown– Encouraged France to increase support & aide– Supporter of U.S. Constitutional principles– Becomes a link between the American and French

revolutions• Baron de Kalb

– A German-born French officer who served as Major-General

– Commanded troops in MD & DE– Worked alongside Lafayette

Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge

Lafayette• Became a U.S. citizen

• For his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States, he is known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds".

• In honor of his contributions to the American Revolution, many cities and monuments throughout the United States bear his name.

Lafayette Court House, INLafayette Fountain, GA

Lafayette Monument, D.C.

DeKalb• Numerous towns and

counties in the US are named after him in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, new York, Tennessee, and Texas. Several streets are named after him in New York.

DeKalb monument in GABattle of Camden; DeKalb’s death

Battles of the American Revolution• Yorktown

– October 19, 1781– British began

construction of port in Virginia

– Combined French and American forces

– Last major battle of American Revolution

– America wins and forces England to surrender

Treaty of Paris• September 3, 1783• Acknowledged the 13

colonies as a free and independent country – United States of America

• American territory expanded to Mississippi River

• How did this influence revolutions in other colonies?

Problems Post-Rev.• The rich were getting richer; the poor were getting poorer (By

1770 – top 1% owned 44% of land)• Only 8% of the population could vote (PA)• The top 10% of white leaders in America held as slaves 1/5 of

the countries people (Washington had 216 slaves)• Most state constitutions ignored women, slaves, and the poor• Articles of Confederation: Document setting up government

for the U.S.; originally written in the Second Continental Congress & signed in Nov 1777, but re-written to form the U.S. Constitution.

• State power > national government (states ruled separately)• States dramatically raised taxes which caused massive

rebellions, but Congress could not do anything about it.• Convinced of the urgent need for reform, 12 states sent

delegates to The Constitutional Convention in 1787

Wealth distribution in

Colonial America

Review Comparison

• Now that we have finished independence movements in the Americas, you are going to compare them for review.

• Use pages 22-57 in the textbook.

American Revolution Revolutions in Spanish S.Amer

Causes

Fighting (tactics, strategies)

Foreign Intervention

Leaders and their role

Reasons colonies were victorious

Social Effects

Economic Effects

The Constitution• At the Constitutional Convention, delegates

produced The United States Constitution, which has governed the U.S. for more than 200 years!

• Signed September 17, 1787• George Washington was elected as the first

president.

• Signers of the Constitution included:• George Washington• Benjamin Franklin• James Madison• Alexander Hamilton

“Our goal is to create a new government instead of fixing the existing one”

- James Madison

Political Parties• During the creation of the Constitution,

various political parties emerged.• Federalists: supported the Constitution and

a strong national government • Anti-Federalists: opposed the Constitution,

and wanted individual rights and state control

• #3 - Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

American Revolution Review Timeline

Discussion

1. Explain the problems the U.S. government encountered post-Revolution.

2. What was the Articles of Confederation? What was the problem with this document?

3. Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

4. One controversial issue over the Constitution was whether to add a Bill of Rights. What do you think? Was the Bill of Rights necessary or are these rights already granted under the Constitution?

5. Are all of the amendments within the Bill of Rights relevant in today’s society? Are any outdated? Explain!

Life in colonies POST revolution• #1 - Explain the problems the U.S. government

encountered post-Revolution.• The rich were getting richer; the poor were getting

poorer (By 1770 – top 1% owned 44% of land)• Only 8% of the population could vote (PA)• The top 10% of the white leaders in America owned ½

the wealth • The top 10% of white leaders in America held as

slaves 1/5 of the countries people (Washington had 216 slaves)

• These were the leaders of state governments• Most state constitutions ignored women, slaves, and

the poor

Wealth distribution in

Colonial America

The Articles of Confederation• #2 - What was the Articles of Confederation? What

was the problem with this document?• Articles of Confederation: Document setting up

government for the U.S.; originally written in the Second Continental Congress & signed in Nov 1777, but re-written to form the U.S. Constitution.

• Before the constitution, the 13 states ruled separately from one another.

• State power > national government• States dramatically raised taxes which caused

massive rebellions, but Congress could not do anything about it.

• Convinced of the urgent need for reform, 12 states sent delegates to The Constitutional Convention.

The Constitution• At the Constitutional Convention, delegates

produced The United States Constitution, which has governed the U.S. for more than 200 years!

• Signed September 17, 1787• George Washington was elected as the first

president.

• Signers of the Constitution included:• George Washington• Benjamin Franklin• James Madison• Alexander Hamilton

“Our goal is to create a new government instead of fixing the existing one”

- James Madison

Political Parties• During the creation of the Constitution,

various political parties emerged.• Federalists: supported the Constitution and

a strong national government • Anti-Federalists: opposed the Constitution,

and wanted individual rights and state control

• #3 - Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

• #4 - One controversial issue over the Constitution was whether to add a Bill of Rights. What do you think? Was the Bill of Rights necessary or are these rights already granted under the Constitution?

The Bill of Rights• In 1791, ten amendments

were added to the Constitution; these are known as The Bill of Rights.

• Amendment: An addition or alteration made to the Constitution.

• #5 - Are all of the amendments within the Bill of Rights relevant in today’s society? Are any outdated? Explain!

Bill of Rights Review• Read the following situations and answer

the questions. The answer to each question is in the Bill of Rights.

• The State of Iowa has designed an interstate highway to run through Mr. and Mrs. Schwertley’s farm. The Schwertleys do not want to sell their land even though the state is paying them a fair market price for the land. Do they have to sell?

• Yes, they must sell their land. The 5th Amendment says: “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation”

• In a celebrated case, a movie star is charged with murder. After a lengthy trial, the jury declares the actor “not guilty.” Several months after the trial is over, additional evidence is discovered that proves the actor committed the crime. Can the actor be tried again?

• No! The fifth amendment states: “nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy”

• A local animal rights organization doesn’t like the city’s dog leash ordinance. The organization coordinates a protest march, making sure their permits are in order. The day of the march, the leader is jailed. Is the arrest legal?

• No! The first amendment guarantees a person’s right to peacefully assemble

• A man is caught stealing a loaf of bread from a local store. He is arrested and convicted of the crime. The judge sentenced him to 30 days in jail and ordered that his right hand be cut off. The sentence was struck down. Why?

• The eighth amendment states the government can not impose excessive fines, nor cruel and unusual punishment.

American Revolution Review Timeline