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Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 Name the three primary particles that form an atom.
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Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

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Page 1: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

BellworkMar. 13, 2018

Name the three primary particles that form an atom.

Page 2: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Chapter 32Electrostatics

Define the following in your notes (from textbook)• Charge:• Ion:• Electrical Force: • Conservation of Charge:• Conductor: [only the (b) definition]• Insulator:  [only the (b) definition]

Page 3: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Types of particles • Electron:  a negatively charged “particle” in the atom’s shell or outer layers. Its mass is about 1/2000 of a proton and neutron.

• Proton: a positively charged “particle” in the atom’s nucleus.

• Neutron: a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s nucleus.

Page 4: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Atom is mostly "empty" space • Here is the comparison of a gold atom and our solar system

Page 5: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Structure of the AtomLithium Example (Atomic Number 3)• 3 Protons• 3 Neutrons• 3 Electrons• 99.97% of the atom’s mass is in the nucleus

Page 6: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Electric Charges and Force• Electrons are the particles that transfer (do the moving) in atoms and molecules• Electric charges are conserved • Electric force• Like charges repel• Opposite charges attract 

Page 7: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Ions• The result of the net transfer of electrons (ONLY electrons can transfer or move around)• If the atom has more electrons than protons it is a negative ion• If the atom has less electrons than protons it is a positive ion

Page 8: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

• Is this carbon atom an ion? What is the charge?

• 6 Protons• 6 Neutrons• 10 Electrons• Yes it is an ion• Negatively charged

Red = ProtonWhite = NeutronBlue = Electron

Example: Carbon Atom

Page 9: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

• Is this carbon atom an ion? What is the charge?

• 6 Protons• 6 Neutrons• 2 Electrons• Yes it is an ion• Positively charged

Red = ProtonWhite = NeutronBlue = Electron

Example: Carbon Atom

Page 10: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

3 Ways to Charge an Object• Friction: occurs when electrons are transferred by rubbing two objects.

• Contact: occurs when electrons are transferred by direct contact (touching) of two objects.

• Induction: occurs in the presence of a charge WITHOUT physical contact between the two objects.

Page 11: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Triboelectric SeriesAsbestos ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ More PositiveAcetateGlassHuman HairNylonWool FurLeadSilkAluminumPaperCotton SteelWood ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ (Neutral)AmberSealing Wax Hard RubberNickelCopperSilverBrassGold, PlatinumAcrylicPolyethylene (Plastic)Rubber BalloonVinylSiliconTeflonSilicone Rubber ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ More Negative

Page 12: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Electric Polarization• Polarization is a special case of charging by induction

• A charged object seems to be attracted to a neutral object.

Page 13: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Demo

Page 14: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Conductors and Insulators• Conductors allow electrons move freely      (i.e. aluminum, silver, gold, iron, copper)

• Insulators have tightly bound electrons that cannot move freely

     (i.e. plastic, wood, dry skin, cotton and wool cloth,  rubber, paper )

Page 15: Bellwork - amphi.com€¦ · Bellwork Mar. 13, 2018 ... a “particle” with no charge in the atom’s ... Electric Charges and Force

Grounding

• GroundingAllowing charge to move freely to the earth(often making the object neutral)